EP0346591B1 - Antenne pour la réception des ondes métriques installée ensemble avec un chauffage de pare-brise de véhicule. - Google Patents

Antenne pour la réception des ondes métriques installée ensemble avec un chauffage de pare-brise de véhicule. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0346591B1
EP0346591B1 EP89106953A EP89106953A EP0346591B1 EP 0346591 B1 EP0346591 B1 EP 0346591B1 EP 89106953 A EP89106953 A EP 89106953A EP 89106953 A EP89106953 A EP 89106953A EP 0346591 B1 EP0346591 B1 EP 0346591B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductors
fact
per
area
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89106953A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0346591A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier
Jochen Dr.-Ing. Hopf
Leopold Dr.-Ing. Reiter
Gerhard Prof. Dr.-Ing. Flachenecker
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Fuba Hans Kolbe and Co
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Hans Kolbe and Co
Fuba Hans Kolbe and Co
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Publication of EP0346591A1 publication Critical patent/EP0346591A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna for the reception of meter waves, installed together with a window heater in a motor vehicle window provided with a metallic frame, in the form of a vertical unipole in the region of the vertical window center, which is essentially vertical during subsequent installation.
  • the antenna With antenna structures in vehicle windows, it is known that it is possible to receive all wavebands (e.g. LMK and VHF radio) with good performance. It is advantageous that the antenna, due to the integration into the vehicle body, meets vehicle-specific requirements, such as mechanical robustness, long service life, simple installation options and avoidance of unnecessary air turbulence, much better than the standard rod antenna.
  • wavebands e.g. LMK and VHF radio
  • An antenna for the reception of meter waves, installed in a motor vehicle window provided with a metallic frame, with very good suitability for frequencies in the FM range is e.g. known from DE-A-2 136 759.
  • This antenna uses a unipole in a metallic frame, e.g. is formed by the frame of a vehicle window, the Unipol in this special application being applied to the glass window located therein.
  • Such an antenna has excellent reception properties both for horizontally polarized waves and for vertically or circularly polarized waves and provides average signal levels which are almost equivalent to those of a passive telescopic antenna, as is customary for vehicles.
  • An antenna which permits such use is known from DE-A-2 440 439.
  • the invention is based on this known antenna, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • This known antenna is installed together with a window heater in a motor vehicle window.
  • the antenna itself is in the form of a later one Installation of essentially vertical unipoles arranged in the area of the center of the pane.
  • the window heating is divided into two heating fields, which are arranged to the left and right of the center of the window at a distance from the Unipol and whose heating wires run essentially vertically. It goes without saying that here the middle part of the motor vehicle window can only be insufficiently cleared of snow, ice and window covering, since there are no heating wires in this part.
  • This last-mentioned disadvantage is avoided in the antenna known from DE-A1-3 721 934, which is also an antenna for the reception of meter waves, installed together with a window heater in a motor vehicle window.
  • This antenna consists of a transparent conductive layer on the motor vehicle window, which is arranged as a narrow, essentially vertical rectangle with a minimum width of 50 mm in the region of the center of the window and is fed on one of the narrow sides.
  • the transparent conductive layer deposited on a polyester layer is inserted between the individual panes of a laminated glass pane.
  • the horizontal heating conductors are formed on the inner surface of the laminated glass pane by applying a conductive paste. There is therefore no conductive contact between the heating conductors and the conductive antenna surface.
  • a disadvantage of this known antenna is in particular that the conductive layer does not allow an optimal view through the motor vehicle window and instead encourages the occurrence of reflections.
  • such a conductive layer has a significantly greater electrical resistance compared to a copper wire, which adversely affects the quality of reception.
  • the object of the invention is to incorporate a heating field of a conventional design with horizontal heating conductors in an antenna of the generic type such that the antenna achieves a high sensitivity regardless of the polarization of the receiving field of the meter waves in the receiver.
  • the advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in the excellent reception powers of the antenna thus formed for horizontally and for vertically or circularly polarized waves in the meter wave range, while at the same time largely uncritical dimensioning with regard to the required number of antenna conductors, their spacing from one another and the overall height of the structure. From the point of view of the technological requirements, it is particularly advantageous that the same technology is used for the realization of the antenna conductors and the heating conductors, both types of conductors being applied to the pane or, in the case of wires, between the layers of a laminated glass pane in the same working process in the screen printing process. can be introduced. These aspects are the prerequisite for an extremely cost-effective implementation.
  • the galvanic connection of antenna conductors and heating conductors also has the advantage, in the case of printed conductors, that no further contacting is required during the galvanizing process, as is the case with antennas without a galvanic connection.
  • the heating conductors 2 are wire-shaped.
  • the area of a vehicle window covered by the heating field is usually large, so that only comparatively narrow strips remain above and below the heating field, the dimensions of which enable antennas for the meter wave range to be produced with the good properties specified in DE-A-2 136 759 not allow.
  • the antenna conductors 11 overlap with the horizontal heating conductors 2 and 38 in the manner shown in the first area 40 with the horizontal dimension 4 and the vertical dimension 6, 7 being the vertical dimension of the heating field. It is essential for an antenna according to the invention in the first area 40 that a galvanic connection is present at the crossing points 35 between the horizontal heating conductors 2 and the antenna conductors 11.
  • these vertical antenna conductors 11 represent undesirable shunts, via the equalizing currents between the individual horizontal ones Heating conductors 2 can flow, whereby the defrosting properties of the heating disc are changed in an undesirable manner.
  • this is avoided in that the antenna conductors 11 cross the horizontal heating conductors 2 in such a way that the individual crossing points on one of the antenna conductors 11 and the cut horizontal heating conductors 2 on equipotential lines 37 with respect to the direct voltages of the heated pane correspond accordingly Fig.2 lie so that no equalizing currents flow in the antenna conductor 11.
  • the line of symmetry 3 of the disk represents such an equipotential line, along which exactly half the voltage of the on-board battery 36 is present with the heating switched on compared to the frame. 2 shows further equipotential lines 37.
  • the equipotential lines are not exactly parallel to each other, whereby the deviation from parallelism with respect to the equipotential line in the middle of the pane is greater towards the edge of the pane, and the more pronounced the trapezoidal shape of the pane is compared to a rectangle. If the antenna conductors 11 are consequently arranged exclusively in a sufficiently narrow area around the vertical line of symmetry of the disk 3, the parallel arrangement of the antenna conductors 11 can be used as a good approximation to the equipotential lines.
  • one end of the antenna conductors 11 is in each case galvanically connected to the horizontal heating conductor 38 which forms the end of the heating field, so that the first region 40 and the second region 41 are immediately adjacent.
  • each of the antenna conductors 11 crosses at least one further heating conductor 2; in the example in FIG. 1, 6 of a total of 9 horizontal heating conductors 2 and 38 are crossed.
  • the number of antenna conductors 12 in the second region 41 can fundamentally differ from the number of antenna conductors 11 in the first region 40, as shown in FIG. 1, in which three antenna conductors 12 are present. These begin at the heating conductor 38 forming the edge of the heating field, to which they are galvanically connected, and end at the merging antenna conductor 10, to which they are connected in a low-resistance manner for the frequencies of the useful frequency band within the meter wave range.
  • all antenna conductors 11 and 12 for an antenna according to the invention are arranged in an arrangement area 42 of half the middle pane width 5, which is symmetrical to the line of symmetry 3 of the pane (FIG. 2).
  • the assessment of the performance of the respective antenna according to the invention with variation of the arrangement and the number of antenna conductors 11 and 12 is carried out in practice with known Statistically evaluating computer-aided measuring methods, which determine the antenna output level with the help of a measuring receiver, and in which the average signal level and the level statistics of the test antenna are determined in comparison to a reference antenna by test drives in typical reception fields with the frequency and polarization of the incident wave to be examined.
  • the simplest arrangement of the antenna conductors for an antenna according to the invention consists in each case of a single vertical conductor 11 in the first region and 12 in the second region, which merge directly into one another.
  • the merging antenna conductor 10 degenerates in this special case to the connection point 8, from which the further antenna conductor 22 leads essentially parallel to the two narrow sides of the frame, that is along the line of symmetry 3 to near the frame to the decoupling point 23 and the direct continuation of the Antenna conductor 12 represents (Fig.3).
  • the pane opening enclosed by the conductive frame 21 is to be regarded approximately as a slot radiator which is optimally excited by a wave with an electrical field strength vector oriented in the direction of the vertical line of symmetry 3 of the pane 34.
  • the disk width corresponds to approximately half a wavelength, as is usually the case in today's cars in the middle of the frequency range of the meter waves, there is also a resonant increase in the electric fields in the center of the disk.
  • the signal decoupled from the unipole initially decreases only slightly when the unipole is displaced from the center of the pane, but then rapidly decreases with increasing proximity to the pane edge.
  • the reception powers are consequently poorer, so that this unipole will preferably be arranged in the central area of the disk in an antenna according to the invention.
  • the unipole may also be necessary and useful to arrange the unipole asymmetrically to the line of symmetry 3 in the disk. Stylistic aspects may make this necessary or the need to use several antennas according to the invention with different reception behavior, e.g. for antenna diversity systems or for different sub-frequency ranges of the meter wave range in a vehicle window.
  • the unipole can be moved to the edge of the area 42 without loss of the essential properties of the antenna, which is arranged symmetrically to the line of symmetry of the disk 34 and whose width is at most as large as that Half of the average slice width is 5.
  • each of the conductors in the disk represents a line with a high impedance and high losses compared to conventional coaxial lines.
  • Fig. 4 exemplarily highlights the particularly effective part of the entire conductor structure of Fig. 3 to illustrate this property of the decoupling.
  • This decoupling which increases with the distance from the decoupling point 23, makes the good-natured behavior of an antenna according to the invention with respect to changes in the number of antenna conductors and the geometry understandable if these changes are carried out at a sufficient distance from the decoupling point.
  • the antenna conductor 11 no longer crosses all nine heating conductors 2 and 38 of the heating field, as shown in FIG. 3, but, for example, as shown in FIG. just the five heating conductors of a partial heating field.
  • the good reception powers of an antenna according to the invention are essentially retained as long as at least two heating conductors are crossed.
  • the number of crossed heating conductors is preferably chosen to be greater than two, since as a rule this does not result in any other disadvantages and the reception properties tend to improve.
  • Stylistic aspects also suggest choosing the length 6 of the antenna conductor 11 as large as the height 7 of the heated surface, as shown in FIG. 3, unless, for example, there is a need to implement further independent antennas in the pane.
  • An advantageous embodiment of an antenna according to the invention further consists in using a structure consisting of two or more antenna conductors 11 and 12 in the first and second area.
  • the zone which is preferably effective for reception can be widened, as will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • two antenna conductors 11 and 12 each run almost parallel in the first and second areas, the antenna conductors 11 and 12 again merging directly into one another for optical reasons.
  • the distance 56 between the two antenna conductors is advantageously selected in the range between 1/30 and 1/10 of the mean operating wavelength.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the area that preferably contributes to reception in the unipole structure according to FIG. 6. If the distance 56 is selected in the range between 1/30 and 1/10 of the operating wavelength, there is a particularly efficient broadening of the preferably effective reception zone. If the distance 56 is selected to be smaller than the above, the effect is almost identical to that of an individual antenna conductor. If the distance 56 is selected to be greater than the above, there is no further advantage. If the structure width 4 or 9, that is the distance 56 in FIG. 6, is to be greater than 1/10 of the operating wavelength, then the use of more than two antenna conductors 11 or 12 is recommended.
  • it has the further advantage that, if one of the two conductor lines is interrupted, the reception power drops, but only to an extent which is hardly noticeable in practice, while in the case of a structure according to FIG becomes significantly worse. There is a risk of conductor interruption, especially in the case of panes with printed conductors, since these conductors can be damaged comparatively quickly.
  • the use of more than two antenna conductors 11 and 12 in each case for an antenna according to the invention is in no way harmful, but due to the decoupling described above, the effect of an increase in the reception power becomes smaller the further the newly introduced antenna conductors are from the decoupling point 23 .
  • the arrangement area 42 (FIG. 2) within which the conductors 11 and 12 are to be arranged can therefore be specified as the upper limit for a sensibly designed unipole for an antenna according to the invention.
  • the low-resistance connection of the antenna conductors 12 through the merging antenna conductors 10 takes place by means of a galvanic connection.
  • Such a galvanic connection through the merging antenna conductor 10 leads to a shunt for the heating current through the antenna conductor 12 in combination with the merging antenna conductor 10.
  • the current in the heating conductor 38 is particularly affected due to the spatial proximity The situation is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 8, which represents a section from FIG. 1 for the area of the pane center in the vicinity of the heating conductor 38.
  • the heating current 46 is divided into the portions 47 and 48, the ratio of which is determined in a known manner by the ohmic partial resistors 53 and 54 on the two current paths between the junction 45 and the junction 50, as is the electrical equivalent circuit for the current branch in Fig. 9 shows.
  • the respective partial resistance is proportional to the respective path length between 45 and 50. Due to the fact that an equipotential line lies in the symmetry line of the structure, the current 49 in FIG. 8 is basically zero and therefore no longer needs to be considered.
  • the effect of the length of the current paths on the ratio of the currents 47 and 48 and on the heating power between points 45 and 50 will be considered approximately.
  • the geometry of FIG. 8 is to be assumed, in which the antenna conductors 12 are exactly parallel to one another and in each case exactly the same length, so that the antenna conductor 10 that is brought together has the same length as the distance between 45 and 50 Under these conditions, the arrangement shown in FIG. 8 results in a path difference for the two current paths corresponding to twice the length 52 of the antenna conductor 12.
  • the introduction of the current path via the antenna conductor 12 and the merging antenna conductor 10 does not affect the total current 46 changed.
  • the following considerations can be applied analogously to different geometrical arrangements.
  • the two ohmic resistors 53 and 54 are of the same size, as are the two currents 47 and 48.
  • the total resistance between points 45 and 50 is accordingly half the resistance which would be effective in the absence of the antenna conductor 12 and the merging antenna conductor 10 if the cross-section of the two conductors in the region under consideration is not adjusted.
  • the heating of the disc between points 45 and 50 is also only half as large as in the case of a small distance between antenna conductor 12 and merging antenna conductor 10 because of the proportionality of the converted active power to the entire resistor 55, which results from the parallel connection of 53 and 54 Absence of the antenna conductor 12 and the merging antenna conductor 10.
  • there is consequently a defrosting behavior which differs from the rest of the heating field in the area between points 45 and 50.
  • the conductor cross section of the conductor 38 between the points 45 and 50 and the merging antenna conductor 10 is halved, a measure that is easily possible in the case of conductors printed using the screen printing method by a corresponding design of the sieve.
  • the length 52 of the antenna conductors 12 is no longer so small that the pane is heated in the area between the points 45 and 50 as if by a single conductor, the relationships are more complicated. As a rule, one will be interested in limiting the heating of the pane to the area around the heating conductor 38 and consequently striving for a dimensioning in which the heat converted via the antenna conductor 12 and the merging antenna conductor 10 remains low. This goal can be achieved by a corresponding choice of the cross sections of the antenna conductor 12 and the merging antenna conductor 10 on the one hand and the section of the heating conductor 38 between points 45 and 50 on the other hand for an antenna according to the invention.
  • the ratio R2 / R is therefore determined in accordance with this table for a predetermined ratio R1 / R by selecting a suitable conductor cross section in the area of the antenna conductors 12 between points 45 and 50, that is to say in the area of the structure width 9.
  • a suitable conductor cross section in the area of the antenna conductors 12 between points 45 and 50 that is to say in the area of the structure width 9.
  • the value of R1 / R 5 when the distance 52 of the merging antenna conductor 10 to the closest and galvanically connected heating conductor 38 is twice as large as the structure width 9 in the second Area 41.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of an antenna according to the invention without cross-sectional adaptation is possible if the available strip in the special vehicle window between the heating conductor 38 and the frame is so large that the length 52 of the antenna conductor 12 is large compared to the width 9 of the structure in the second region 41 is selected.
  • the ohmic resistor 54 is so large compared to the ohmic resistor 53 that the current 47 almost corresponds to the current 46 and the current 48 is negligibly small. In the table above, this corresponds to very high values of R1 / R, for which R2 / R asymptotically approaches the value "1".
  • antennas according to the invention it is advantageous for antennas according to the invention to arrange the merging antenna conductor 10 as close as possible to the frame, because in this way the influencing of the direct current flow and thus the distribution of the heating power on the pane is the most favorable.
  • the problems explained above are avoided in that the galvanic connection of the antenna conductor 12 to the merging antenna conductor 10 is replaced by a connection which does not have a direct current passage, but for the frequencies of the useful band within the frequency range of the meter waves causes a sufficiently low-resistance connection.
  • capacitors 58 e.g. by corresponding capacitance values soldered on chip capacitors.
  • Electrically equivalent behavior of an antenna according to the invention without influencing the heating currents through the structure of the antenna conductors 12 in the second area can also be achieved further by replacing the galvanic connection between the first area and the second area by a connection which has no direct current passage, however, for the frequencies of the useful band within the frequency range of the meter waves, a sufficiently low-impedance connection is effected. According to FIG. 12, this can be achieved in the same way as in FIG. 11 by capacitors 58 corresponding to the capacitance value applied to the pane.
  • the common connection point 8 on the merging antenna conductor 10 is always in the arrangement area 42 of the disk 34, that is to say in a region symmetrical about the line of symmetry 3 with a width corresponding to a maximum of half the average disk width 5.
  • the connection point 8 is arranged on the line of symmetry 3. If a point on the line of symmetry 3 on or near the frame 21 can also be used as the mounting point for the advanced circuit 16, it may still be necessary to connect the connection point 8 and the decoupling point 23 near the frame through the to produce further antenna conductor 22, the further antenna conductor 22 then advantageously also being arranged along the line of symmetry 3.
  • connection point 8 will generally also not be arranged on the line of symmetry 3 of the disk 34, but parallel to the line of symmetry 3 of the disk offset so that, from an optical point of view, the further antenna conductor 22 can advantageously also be guided parallel to the two lateral frame edges or the line of symmetry 3.
  • connection point 8 a mounting point for the advanced circuit 16 in the area of the sky of a vehicle is ruled out due to the circumstances of the production sequence or the poor accessibility of the components. In such cases, it is necessary to transmit the received signal available at connection point 8 harmlessly with regard to the received powers achieved at connection point 8 up to the vicinity of the further circuit 16 and in the vicinity of the frame 21.
  • this object is achieved by the continuing antenna conductor 22, which in the general case consists of a plurality of directly interconnecting partial conductors, which for optical reasons are advantageously routed in parallel to one of the adjacent frame edges.
  • a typical arrangement according to the invention is shown by way of example in FIG. 1, in which the further circuit 16 is attached in the region of the right side of the frame and the further antenna conductor 22, starting from the connection point 8, is initially guided along the line of symmetry of the pane up to the vicinity of the frame , kinks at the break point 57 and is further guided parallel to the upper frame edge to the right up to the vicinity of the upper right corner to the decoupling point 23. If necessary, further breakpoints 57 may also be required if the circuit 16 is in the appropriate position.
  • the size of the distance 60 from FIG. 1, in which the further antenna conductor 22 is routed parallel to the respective frame edge, is to be selected depending on the objective that is sought for an antenna according to the invention.
  • this distance 60 must be small, i.e. in the range of approx. 1 cm to 5 cm.
  • this dimensioning With the same values of the exciting field strength on the one hand for a horizontally polarized and on the other hand for a vertically polarized wave field, there is a considerable increase in level during the transition from horizontal polarization to vertical or circular polarization in a similar order of magnitude as that from perpendicular to the vehicle Rod antennas ago is known.
  • connection point 8 a further antenna conductor 22 arranged at a small distance 60 (FIG. 1) from the pane edge assumes approximately the character of a line into which only couple negligibly small signals from the receiving field. Therefore, the polarization behavior present at connection point 8 can essentially also be found at decoupling point 23.
  • the distance 60 of the further antenna conductor 22 to the frame can be freely selected.
  • Antenna diversity systems require several antennas with different behavior with regard to reception interference. It is known that it makes sense to implement several antennas in a single vehicle window for such systems.
  • Two such diversity antennas can advantageously be embodied as antennas according to the invention if the heating field is divided in the relevant vehicle window. 5 shows such an arrangement, the two further circuits 16 being attached at almost diagonally opposite points near the frame. Since the areas of the two antennas that are essential for reception are each arranged in the area of the vertical line of symmetry of the pane, these two antennas do not have a very distinctly different behavior in wave fields which are only slightly disturbed by multipath propagation because of their similarity of the geometries.
  • an antenna according to the invention is combined with another antenna type, as is shown by way of example in FIG. 14.
  • the second signal is coupled out in a known manner on the busbar of the other partial heating field, which results in very good diversity properties.
  • a distinctly asymmetrical arrangement of two antennas according to the invention in a manner that is again symmetrical with respect to the line of symmetry 3 of the disk 34 represents a further advantageous embodiment.
  • This has the advantage of the same additional circuits 16 and good diversity suitability due to sufficient decoupling due to the relatively large spatial distance the antenna conductor of the two antennas.
  • the two further circuits 16 are the same with the corresponding advantages in terms of costs and simplified storage.
  • the advanced circuit 16 can be designed exclusively passively according to known techniques and can perform the task of adapting the power of the impedance of the unipole at the decoupling point to the characteristic impedance of the antenna line 20 by means of suitable low-loss transformation elements.
  • This advanced circuit for achieving the maximum possible signal-to-noise ratio is advantageously carried out actively, so that an active antenna results, the input transistor of which is operated on the input side in noise adaptation.
  • the antenna according to the invention is also to be used as a radio reception antenna also for the frequency range LMK
  • an LMK structure 24 independent of the heating field can be provided, which is attached in the area of the pane not covered by the heating field and whose decoupling point 29 is advantageously in is attached near the decoupling point 23 of the antenna according to the invention (Fig. 6 and Fig. 13).
  • the further circuit 16 is preferably expanded by a separate amplifier with capacitively high-impedance input resistance in known technology for the frequencies of the LMK range and the decoupling point 29 of the LMK structure is connected to the LMK input 27 of the further circuit 16.
  • the frequency range LMK and the meter wave range are then combined via a crossover within the further circuit 16 and fed to the antenna line 20.
  • the direct heating current from the on-board accumulator 36 is fed to the busbars 62 in the region of the pane edges with which the heating conductors 2 and 38 are electrically combined, the negative connection of which is generally connected to the vehicle body via the connection 64.
  • This wiring of the heating field by means of the direct current feeds 63 leads, on the one hand, to a generally undefined alternating current load on the busbars 62 for the frequencies of the meter wave range and, on the other hand, also to coupling of interference signals in the heating field, since due to the vehicle units the DC voltage of the on-board accumulator 36, interference signals are sometimes superimposed, the spectrum of which extends from LF frequencies to beyond the frequency range of the meter waves.
  • the heating field networks 25 which are preferably arranged in the direct current feeds 63 to the heating field in the vicinity of the connection points on the busbars 62, by means of parallel capacitors 64 (FIG. 15) of a capacitance value which are connected to ground is suitable for the frequencies of the meter wave range for realizing a capacitive short circuit.
  • a defined wiring of the busbars 62 is also achieved, with the consequence of defined impedances of the unipole at the decoupling point 23.
  • an element 65 is connected in series in the connection between capacitor 64 and the connection on the respective busbar 62, which element has a high-impedance series impedance for the frequencies of the useful band within the meter wave range, with low-impedance direct current passage, as a result of which the alternating current Load on the busbars is sufficiently low.
  • This series element 65 can e.g.
  • the resulting parallel resonance circuit can be realized by an air coil with high inductance with a sufficient conductor cross section for the heating currents in the range from 10A to 30A or by connecting a smaller air coil and a capacitor in parallel if the resulting parallel resonance circuit is dimensioned so that its resonance frequency is approximately in the middle the useful frequency range is within the meter wave range.

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Claims (26)

  1. Antenne pour la réception d'ondes métriques installée sur la glace d'une voiture automobile entourée par un cadre métallique en combinaison avec un réseau de chauffage. L'antenne est conçue à la manière d'un unipôle situé dans la zone axiale verticale du vitre, caractérisée des faits exposés ci-dessous:
    - que le réseau de chauffage consiste à des fils de chauffage (2,38) disposés essentiellement de façon horizontale
    - que l'unipôle consiste à deux plaines conductrices (40, 41) communiquant en sens vertical, qui se trouvent en liaison galvanique,
    - dont l'un situé à l'intérieur et l'autre à l'extérieur du réseau de chauffage,
    - que chacune des plaines constituant l'unipôle consiste à un conducteur aérien (11,12) essentiellement vertical ou bien d'un nombre de conducteurs aériens (11,12) essentiellement verticaux disposés en parallèle,
    - que ce ou ces conducteur(s) aérien(s) se trouve(nt) dans une région (42) distribuée symmétriquement autour de l'axe symmétrique (3) du vitre (34) dont l'ampleur contemplée comme valeur moyenne étant au maximum la moitié de celle de tout le vitre,
    - que le ou les conducteur(s) aérien(s) (11) de la région primaire croise(nt) au moins deux fils de chauffage (2, 38) faisant liaison galvanique vers ces croisements (35),
    - que l'hauteur (6) de cette région primaire (40) n'est pas inférieure à 5 cm,
    - que le ou les conducteur(s) aérien(s) (12) de la région secondaire (41) est (sont) relié(s) de l'un de son (leurs) extrémité(s) faisant une liaison de faible impédance pour la bande utile près du bord du réseau de chauffage,
    - que les conducteurs aériens sont reliés de leurs extrémités opposées à faible impédance pour la bande utile à un bus d'antenne (10) sur lequel existe un point de jonction (8) pour tous les conducteurs aériens.
    - que de ce point de jonction (8) une ligne de liaison (22) conduit le long du cadre de la glace à un point de découplage (23),
    - ce qui se trouve près du cadre de la glace (21),
    - qu'il y a un réseau de jonction (16) dont la première borne d'entrée (15) reliée au point de découplage (23), la deuxième borne d'entrée (17) étant reliée à travers un conduit (32) à un point de mise à terre (39) se trouvant sur le cadre métallique (21) de la glace,
    - et dont les bornes de sortie (18, 19) constituent le point de jonction de l'antenne (33) d'où un câble d'antenne (20) conduit vers la radio.
  2. Antenne selon la revendication No. 1 caractérisée du fait que
    les conducteurs aériens (11,12) constituant l'unipôle consistent à des couches conductrices de haute fréquence appliqué par métallisation sous vide dont la conductivité en courant continu est tellement réduite que les conducteurs aériens n'empêchent pas sensiblement l'effet dégivreur du réseau de chauffage.
  3. Antenne selon la revendication No. 1 caractérisée du fait que
    les fils de chauffage (2,38) ainsi que les conducteurs aériens (11,12,22) sont imprimés de la manière connue sur le vitre (34).
  4. Antenne selon la revendication No. 1 caractérisée du fait que
    les fils de chauffage (2,38) ainsi que les conducteurs aériens (11,12,22) sont enfermés de la manière connue entre les deux couches d'un vitre composé (34).
  5. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 4 caractérisée du fait que
    le nombre de conducteurs (11) de la région primaire (40) est identique à celui des conducteurs (12) de la région secondaire (41) et que les conducteurs (11) de la région primaire (40) constituent la continuation ininterrompue des conducteurs (12) de la région secondaire (42).
  6. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 4 caractérisée du fait que
    le bus d'antenne (10) est installé de façon horizontale le long de la section voisine du cadre métallique.
  7. Antenne selon la revendication No. 6 caractérisée du fait que
    le bus d'antenne (10) est installé près du cadre métallique.
  8. Antenne selon la revendication No. 6 caractérisée du fait que
    la liaison à faible impédance effectuée par le bus d'antenne (10) est une liaison galvanique et que l'écart (52) entre le bus d'antenne (10) et le fil de chauffage voisin (15) est considérablement majeur que l'ampleur structurale (9) de la région secondaire (41).
  9. Antenne selon la revendication No. 6 caractérisée du fait que
    la liaison à faible impédance effectuée par le bus d'antenne (10) est une liaison galvanique et que l'écart (52) entre le bus d'antenne (10) et le fil de chauffage voisin (38) est environ deux fois l'ampleur structurale (9) de la région secondaire (41) et que la section de ce fil de chauffage (38) dans cette ampleur structurale (9) est environ la moitié des autres fils de chauffage.
  10. Antenne selon la revendication No. 5 caractérisée du fait que
    la liaison a faible impédance effectuée par le bus d'antenne (10) utilise des moyens capacitifs (58).
  11. Antenne selon les revendications No. 5 à 10 caractérisée du fait que
    l'unipôle dans les régions primaire (40) et secondaire (41) est constitué dans chacun des cas par deux conducteurs aériens en parallèle dont l'écart (56) se situe entre 1/4 et 1/30 de la longueur d'onde moyenne dans la bande utile étant disposés de façon symmétrique par rapport à l'axe symmétrique (3) du vitre (34).
  12. Antenne selon la revendication No. 5 caractérisée du fait que
    les unipôles dans les région primaire (40) et secondaire (41) sont chacun constitués par un conducteur aérien (11,12) disposés approximativement dans l'axe symmétrique verticale (3) du vitre (34).
  13. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 12 caractérisée du fait que
    le réseau de chauffage est divisé en deux sections (30,31) et que l'unipôle de la région primaire ne croise que l'une de ces sections du réseau de chauffage.
  14. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 12 caractérisée du fait que
    la ligne de liaison (22) venant du point de jonction (8) est installée le long de l'un des bords du cadre métallique.
  15. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 12 caractérisée du fait que
    la ligne de liaison (22) venant du point de jonction (8) est divisée en plusieurs sections de ligne dont l'une constitue la continuation immédiate de l'autre étant installées le long des bords du cadre métallique.
  16. Antenne selon la revendication No. 15 caractérisée du fait
    qu'il n'y a qu'un écart très réduit entre les sections de la ligne de liaison (22) et les parties du cadre le long desquelles elles sont installées en parallèle.
  17. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 16 caractérisée du fait que
    le réseau de jonction (16) n'est conçu qu'avec des éléments passifs.
  18. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 16 caractérisée du fait que
    le réseau de jonction est construit avec des éléments actifs.
  19. Antenne selon la revendication No. 13 caractérisée du fait
    qu'il y a deux antennes dont la première consistant a un ou plusieurs conducteurs verticaux (11) et constituée par la première section du réseau de chauffage (30) et dont la seconde consistant à des conducteurs verticaux (11) et constituée par la deuxième section du réseau de chauffage (31) (voir Fig. 5), la seconde antenne pouvant aussi être créée par découplage de l'énergie HF à l'aide d'une technologie de savoir-faire général sous forme d'une borne appropriée (61) comme elle est décrite à la Fig. 14.
  20. Antenne selon la revendication No. 19 caractérisée du fait que
    les deux antennes constituent des parties d'un système d'antennes "Diversité" installé sur le vitre d'une voiture automobile.
  21. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 10 caractérisée du fait
    qu'il y a une seconde antenne d'après les revendications No. 1 au 10 où les conducteurs aériens de toutes les deux antennes forment croisement avec les mêmes fils de chauffage (2,38), les deux unipôles étant conçus d'une telle façon a obtenir la plus grande efficacité pour un système d'antennes "Diversité".
  22. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 21 caractérisée du fait que
    le système "Diversité" comprend des antennes supplémentaires disposés sur le vitre d-une voiture automobile n'étant pas constituées par les fils du réseau de chauffage.
  23. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 22 caractérisée du fait
    qu'il y a une autre structure conductrice aérienne pour la réception des ondes normales (AM) séparée des unipôles et des fils de chauffage, installée sur la partie du vitre (34) ne pas utilisé pour le réseau de chauffage et dont le point de découplage (29) est en proximité de celui de l'antenne pour les ondes métriques (23) relié à une entrée AM (27) du réseau de jonction (26).
  24. Antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 23 caractérisée du fait que
    le réseau de chauffage reçoit sont courant d'alimentation (26) à travers des réseaux de jonction (25).
  25. Antenne selon la revendication No. 4 caractérisée du fait que
    les circuits de jonction (25) pour le réseau de chauffage comprennent des éléments (64) garantissant de l'isolement efficace contre le parasitage venant du système électrique de l'automobile.
  26. Antenne selon la revendication No. 25 caractérisée du fait que
    les circuits de jonction (25) pour le réseau de chauffage comprennent des éléments (65) garantissant que la charge de courant alterne sur les antennes venant du réseau de chauffage et ses circuits de jonction soit négligeable par rapport à la bande utile.
EP89106953A 1988-06-14 1989-04-19 Antenne pour la réception des ondes métriques installée ensemble avec un chauffage de pare-brise de véhicule. Expired - Lifetime EP0346591B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3820229A DE3820229C1 (fr) 1988-06-14 1988-06-14
DE3820229 1988-06-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0346591A1 EP0346591A1 (fr) 1989-12-20
EP0346591B1 true EP0346591B1 (fr) 1994-03-02

Family

ID=6356525

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89106953A Expired - Lifetime EP0346591B1 (fr) 1988-06-14 1989-04-19 Antenne pour la réception des ondes métriques installée ensemble avec un chauffage de pare-brise de véhicule.

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5029308A (fr)
EP (1) EP0346591B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3820229C1 (fr)

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DE4034548C2 (de) * 1989-05-01 2003-05-15 Heinz Lindenmeier Kraftfahrzeugscheibenantenne für Frequenzen oberhalb des Hochfrequenzbereichs
DE3917829A1 (de) * 1989-06-01 1990-12-06 Flachglas Ag Kraftfahrzeugscheibe, insbesondere fuer ein heckfenster, mit einer mehrzahl von heizleitern und antennenleitern
JPH03101402A (ja) * 1989-09-14 1991-04-26 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 自動車用ガラスアンテナ
DE4019268A1 (de) * 1990-03-10 1991-09-12 Flachglas Ag Kraftfahrzeugscheibe in form einer zweischeiben-isolierglaseinheit mit antennenelementen
DE59105751D1 (de) * 1990-03-10 1995-07-27 Flachglas Ag Kraftfahrzeugscheibe in Form einer Zweischeiben-Isolierglaseinheit mit Antennenelementen.
US5229780A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-07-20 Central Glass Company, Limited Wide-band antenna on vehicle rear window glass
US5264858A (en) * 1990-07-31 1993-11-23 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Glass antenna for a telephone of an automobile
DE4041863A1 (de) * 1990-12-26 1992-07-02 Lindenmeier Heinz Antennenverstaerkerschaltung fuer aktive hochlineare empfangsantennen mit eingangsseitiger rauschanpassung mit mindestens zwei aktiven dreipolen
DE4216376C2 (de) * 1992-05-18 1998-11-05 Lindenmeier Heinz Fahrzeug-Antennenanordnung mit einer Empfangsschaltung für den LMK-Bereich
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JP3458975B2 (ja) * 1993-12-28 2003-10-20 マツダ株式会社 車両用ガラスアンテナ及びその設定方法
KR100349260B1 (ko) * 1994-09-28 2004-05-27 글라스 안테나스 테크놀로지 리미티드 안테나
US5952977A (en) * 1994-11-04 1999-09-14 Mazda Motor Corporation Glass antenna
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DE19612958A1 (de) * 1996-04-01 1997-10-02 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Antennenverstärker auf einer Fensterscheibe
JP3460217B2 (ja) * 1996-06-20 2003-10-27 マツダ株式会社 車両用ガラスアンテナ及びその設定方法
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US6239758B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-05-29 Receptec L.L.C. Vehicle window antenna system
DE10114769B4 (de) * 2001-03-26 2015-07-09 Heinz Lindenmeier Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne
DE10245813A1 (de) 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne mit Empfangspegelregelung
WO2004082069A1 (fr) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre d’antenne de structure composite
DE10331213B4 (de) * 2003-07-10 2016-02-25 Blaupunkt Antenna Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Scheibenantenne für den LMK- und diversitären FM-Empfang mobiler Kraftfahrzeuge
KR101269252B1 (ko) * 2004-07-21 2013-05-29 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 자동차용 고주파 유리 안테나
DE102005033088A1 (de) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antennenanordnung
DE102006039357B4 (de) * 2005-09-12 2018-06-28 Heinz Lindenmeier Antennendiversityanlage zum Funkempfang für Fahrzeuge
DE102007017478A1 (de) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Empfangsanlage mit einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Unterdrückung von Umschaltstörungen bei Antennendiversity
DE102008031068A1 (de) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antennendiversityanlage für den relativ breitbandigen Funkempfang in Fahrzeugen
DE102007039914A1 (de) * 2007-08-01 2009-02-05 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antennendiversityanlage mit zwei Antennen für den Funkempfang in Fahrzeugen
DE102008003532A1 (de) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antenne für den Satellitenempfang
EP2209221B8 (fr) * 2009-01-19 2019-01-16 Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH Installation de réception destinée à la sommation de signaux d'antennes phasés
DE102009011542A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für den Empfang zirkular in einer Drehrichtung der Polarisation ausgestrahlter Satellitenfunksignale
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WO2015019904A1 (fr) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-12 旭硝子株式会社 Dispositif d'antenne

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DE3315458A1 (de) * 1983-04-28 1984-11-08 Gerhard Prof. Dr.-Ing. 8012 Ottobrunn Flachenecker Aktive windschutzscheibenantenne fuer alle polarisationsarten
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GB2193846B (en) * 1986-07-04 1990-04-18 Central Glass Co Ltd Vehicle window glass antenna using transparent conductive film

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DE19527304C1 (de) * 1995-07-26 1996-10-31 Flachglas Ag Für den Empfang von Radiowellen im UKW-Bereich eingerichtete Kraftfahrzeugscheibe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5029308A (en) 1991-07-02
DE58907061D1 (de) 1994-04-07
DE3820229C1 (fr) 1989-11-30
EP0346591A1 (fr) 1989-12-20

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