EP0327576A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff aus ligninhaltigen rohstoffen. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff aus ligninhaltigen rohstoffen.Info
- Publication number
- EP0327576A1 EP0327576A1 EP87907315A EP87907315A EP0327576A1 EP 0327576 A1 EP0327576 A1 EP 0327576A1 EP 87907315 A EP87907315 A EP 87907315A EP 87907315 A EP87907315 A EP 87907315A EP 0327576 A1 EP0327576 A1 EP 0327576A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lignin
- enzymes
- reaction
- phenolic compounds
- reducing agents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
- D21C3/228—Automation of the pulping processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a plant for the removal and / or conversion of lignin from lignooellulose-containing material.
- the lingocellulose-containing material such as wood or annual plants, must be freed from the lignin, since this considerably improves the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the paper made from the cellulose.
- Conventional processes work with high pressures and temperatures using environmentally harmful chemicals.
- German Patent 3110117 discloses a process for the production of cellulose from wood or other plant fiber materials, in which the lignocellulose is produced using
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a plant for removing and / or converting lignin from lignocellulose-containing material, in which the disadvantages of the use of microorganisms, enzymes and chemicals shown above are avoided.
- This object is achieved in that a redox potential in the range of 200-500 mV is set by adding one or more oxidizing and / or reducing agents and / or salts and / or phenolic compounds to an acidic aqueous solution of the lignin-containing raw materials, then by adding enzymes, microorganisms, animal or plant cells started a lignin-degrading reaction with simultaneous bleaching, the reaction in a value oscillating around a constant redox potential value, constant temperature, constant pH value and with constant stirring for several hours.
- the redox potential is preferably 250 to 350 mV.
- it can be determined by means of a redox electrode and kept constant by means of a regulator and an actuator during the entire reaction time by adding oxidizing and / or reducing agents and / or salts and / or phenolic compounds and / or organic acids.
- Hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and ozone are preferably used as the oxidizing agent.
- Ascorbic acid, dithionite and sodium bisulfite are suitable as reducing agents.
- MnSO 4 and / or FeCl 2 is preferably suitable as the salt.
- Veratryl alcohol can be used as the phenolic compound. Lactic acid, for example, is suitable as the organic acid.
- Lignolytic enzymes are preferably used as enzymes in the method according to the invention. These preferably include phenol oxidases, lallases and peroxidases.
- the effectiveness of the method according to the invention can be increased by adding pectinases and / or hemicellulases.
- those enzymes can be used which are obtained from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. If necessary, Phanerochaete chrysosporium itself can also be added for the degradation process.
- the pH in the process according to the invention is between 2 and 5. A pH of 3 is particularly preferred.
- the temperature is 20 to 60 ° C.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at 40 ° C. If the stated conditions of the process according to the invention are observed, a redox potential of 250-350 mV can be set! As a result, the lignin content of wheat straw (approx. 18% lignin content) can be reduced to almost 0%. Spruce wood (about 28-30% lignin content) can be broken down to similar end values. Surprisingly, these results can be achieved in 2 to 6 hours, in many cases even within 2 hours. This does not include the physical and / or chemical pretreatment that is particularly necessary when using wood or annual plants.
- the redox potential is set by the ratio of the various substances added in the reaction vessel.
- Addition of the oxidizing and reducing agents, the salts and the phenolic compounds can maintain a certain redox potential throughout the course of the reaction.
- the aim of operating the redox system set in this way is to prevent repolymerization of the lignin.
- the process also has a significant bleaching effect during the degradation and / or conversion reaction, which allows it to be done with significantly less pollution Bleach to work.
- the method according to the invention is therefore also suitable as a bleaching or post-bending method for various processes.
- the process can therefore also be used for the biological bleaching and biological wastewater treatment of pulp industry wastewater and other wastewater.
- the method can be used wherever decolorization and detoxification of waste water is to be achieved.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is the possibility of continuous process control.
- the process can be carried out particularly economically if the used enzymes are reprocessed and returned to the reaction process. This goal can be achieved with the help of affinity chromatography.
- the enzyme is passed over a separation column, purified there and returned to the reaction process.
- the enzyme purification is carried out in the separation column by means of affinity chromatography.
- new specific types of ligands have been developed, which are used together with the corresponding enzyme technology know-how.
- ligands are described in patent application PCT / EP 87/00214.
- phenolic compounds can be used here.
- Protein-specific ligands are also suitable. Tannin is an example.
- the method also relates to a plant for removing and / or converting lignin or its
- Degradation products made from lignocellulose-containing material This consists of a reactor, a device for adding microorganisms or enzymes, a device for adding oxidizing agents, reducing agents, salts or phenolic compounds, a drain for the converted raw material, used oxidizing agents, reducing agents, Salts, phenolic compounds, enzymes and microorganisms, a device for the separation of dissolved and undissolved substances, a column for affinity chromatography, in which enzymes are reprocessed for the lignin degradation reaction and a reflux for the return of the reprocessed enzymes to the reactor. Filters or thickeners, for example, can be used as the device for separating dissolved and undissolved substances.
- Microorganisms or enzymes are added to the reactor via the inflow 7.
- the microorganisms or enzymes can optionally also be immobilized in the reactor.
- Conventional fillers and carriers can be used for the immobilization.
- Oxidizing agents, reducing agents, salts or phenolic compounds can be metered in via the inflow 4.
- the dosage can be controlled depending on the respective redox potential.
- a redox electrode must be attached to the reactor (not shown in the picture), by means of which the redox potential is continuously determined. By connecting to an appropriate control system, the redox potential can then be kept constant during the entire course of the reaction.
- the raw materials are also added via the feed line 7.
- Lignin and waste water containing lignin can also be treated in the plant according to the invention.
- the lignin is broken down in the reactor with the aid of lignolytic enzymes or microorganisms. Enzymes which come from the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium are particularly suitable. Microorganisms are particularly suitable as cell-free and hemicellulase-free mutants. In particular, mutants of Phenerochaeta Chrysosporium can be used.
- the converted raw material flows out of the reactor via the drain 8 together with the used chemicals, microorganisms or enzymes.
- the mixture of substances is passed, for example, through a filter 3, where .solved and undissolved substances are separated from one another.
- the enzyme-containing solution is passed through a chromatography column 2. This column works on the principle of affinity chromatography. Here the enzymes are reprocessed and then fed back to the reaction process via line 5.
- the substances separated from the enzymes are discharged via line 6.
- Special enzyme-specific ligands are used for affinity chromatography, especially phenolic compounds! Protein-specific ligands, in particular tannin, can also be used.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87907315T ATE86318T1 (de) | 1986-10-24 | 1987-10-24 | Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff aus ligninhaltigen rohstoffen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863636208 DE3636208A1 (de) | 1986-10-24 | 1986-10-24 | Verfahren zur delignifizierung und bleichung von lignicellulosehaltigem bzw. ligninhaltigem material bzw. lignin durch enzymatische behandlung |
DE3636208 | 1986-10-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0327576A1 true EP0327576A1 (de) | 1989-08-16 |
EP0327576B1 EP0327576B1 (de) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=6312392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87907315A Expired - Lifetime EP0327576B1 (de) | 1986-10-24 | 1987-10-24 | Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff aus ligninhaltigen rohstoffen |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0327576B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH0718108B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE86318T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU605215B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8707844A (de) |
DE (2) | DE3636208A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK170810B1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI95289C (de) |
HU (2) | HUT50894A (de) |
NO (1) | NO175104C (de) |
WO (1) | WO1988003190A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA894239B (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1990-03-28 | Int Paper Co | Enzymatic delignification of lignocellulosic material |
FI88316C (fi) * | 1989-07-10 | 1993-04-26 | Enso Gutzeit Oy | Foerfarande foer blekning av cellulosamassa |
EP0418201B1 (de) * | 1989-09-12 | 1994-12-21 | Sandoz Ltd. | Bleichen von Holzstoff mit Enzymen |
NZ235983A (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1993-01-27 | Novo Nordisk As | Process for hydrolysis of resins in lignocellulosic pulp using enzymes simultaneously with peroxy bleaching; ctmp fluff-pulp and absorbent articles produced therefrom |
FI895501A (fi) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-05-18 | Enso Gutzeit Oy | Foerfarande foer tillverkning av massa. |
FI92414B (fi) * | 1989-11-27 | 1994-07-29 | Enso Gutzeit Oy | Menetelmä massan valmistamiseksi |
FI85389C (fi) * | 1989-12-12 | 1992-04-10 | Enso Gutzeit Oy | Foerfarande foer tillverkning av massa. |
FI900544A (fi) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-03 | Enso Gutzeit Oy Tutkimuskeskus | Foerfarande foer tillverkning av massa. |
DE4008893A1 (de) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-09-26 | Call Hans Peter | Verfahren zum enzymatischen bleichen von zellstoffen |
DE4008894A1 (de) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-09-26 | Call Hans Peter | Verfahren zur altpapieraufbereitung mit enzymatischer druckfarbenentfernung |
DK249990D0 (da) * | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | Novo Nordisk As | Fremgangsmaade til enzymatisk pulpbehandling |
EP0486125A1 (de) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-05-20 | JAPAN PULP & PAPER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. | Lignocellulolytische Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
FI905954A (fi) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-04 | Enso Gutzeit Oy | Foerfarande foer blekning av cellulosamassa. |
JPH04240287A (ja) * | 1991-01-21 | 1992-08-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | パルプの漂白方法 |
FI93230C (fi) * | 1991-03-22 | 1995-03-10 | Genencor Int Europ | Menetelmä mekaanisen massan pihkavaikeuksien vähentämiseksi |
AT400153B (de) * | 1991-05-02 | 1995-10-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum bleichen von xylan- und lignocellulosehältigen materialien |
DE4137761A1 (de) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Call Hans Peter | Verfahren zur delignifizierung von lignocellulosehaltigem material, bleiche und behandlung von abwaessern mittels laccasen mit erweiteter wirksamkeit |
FI914780A0 (fi) * | 1991-10-10 | 1991-10-10 | Valtion Teknillinen | Foerfarande foer entsymatisk behandling av lignocellulosahaltiga material, i synnerhet cellulosamassor. |
CA2115881C (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 2000-05-23 | Michael G. Paice | Non-chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp |
JP3262646B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-09 | 2002-03-04 | 日本製紙株式会社 | パルプの漂白方法 |
SE505980C2 (sv) * | 1993-12-23 | 1997-10-27 | Bim Kemi Ab | Sätt att förhindra peroxidnedbrytande enzymer vid blekning med väteperoxid |
AU1540797A (en) | 1996-02-08 | 1997-08-28 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Process for increasing the charge on a lignocellulosic material, product obtainable by the process, and use of the product in the preparation of a lignocellulose-based product |
DE19820947B4 (de) * | 1997-05-12 | 2005-12-01 | Call, Krimhild | Enzymatisches Bleichsystem mit neuen enzymwirkungsverstärkenden Verbindungen zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, ligninhaltigen Materialien oder Verändern oder Abbau von Kohle sowie Verfahren unter Verwendung des Bleichsystems |
US6942754B2 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2005-09-13 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Process for producing xylooligosaccharide from lignocellulose pulp |
US6824646B2 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2004-11-30 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Process for oxygen bleaching and enzyme treating lignocellulosic pulp with liquid treatment and recovery |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1262117B (de) * | 1964-05-05 | 1968-02-29 | Aschaffenburger Zellstoffwerke | Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Bleiche mit Chlordioxyd |
FR1524581A (fr) * | 1966-05-25 | 1968-05-10 | Solvay | Procédé de réglage de la blancheur d'une pâte cellulosique traitée par le peroxyde d'hydrogène ou un produit similaire |
CA1232850A (en) * | 1985-01-17 | 1988-02-16 | Albert D. Friesen | Purification of superoxide dismutase |
-
1986
- 1986-10-24 DE DE19863636208 patent/DE3636208A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-10-24 HU HU875790A patent/HUT50894A/hu unknown
- 1987-10-24 DE DE8787907315T patent/DE3784515D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-24 AT AT87907315T patent/ATE86318T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-24 EP EP87907315A patent/EP0327576B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-24 BR BR8707844A patent/BR8707844A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-24 JP JP62506759A patent/JPH0718108B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-24 WO PCT/EP1987/000635 patent/WO1988003190A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1987-10-24 AU AU82303/87A patent/AU605215B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-10-24 HU HU875790A patent/HU202938B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-06-23 DK DK344888A patent/DK170810B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-24 NO NO882808A patent/NO175104C/no unknown
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 FI FI891909A patent/FI95289C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8803190A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU605215B2 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
DE3636208A1 (de) | 1988-05-05 |
FI891909A0 (fi) | 1989-04-21 |
EP0327576B1 (de) | 1993-03-03 |
BR8707844A (pt) | 1989-10-03 |
HUT50894A (en) | 1990-03-28 |
HU202938B (en) | 1991-04-29 |
AU8230387A (en) | 1988-05-25 |
NO175104C (no) | 1994-08-31 |
DE3784515D1 (de) | 1993-04-08 |
ATE86318T1 (de) | 1993-03-15 |
FI891909A (fi) | 1989-04-21 |
JPH02500990A (ja) | 1990-04-05 |
JPH0718108B2 (ja) | 1995-03-01 |
DK344888A (da) | 1988-06-23 |
WO1988003190A1 (en) | 1988-05-05 |
NO882808L (no) | 1988-06-24 |
DK170810B1 (da) | 1996-01-22 |
NO175104B (no) | 1994-05-24 |
FI95289C (fi) | 1996-01-10 |
DK344888D0 (da) | 1988-06-23 |
FI95289B (fi) | 1995-09-29 |
NO882808D0 (no) | 1988-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0327576B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff aus ligninhaltigen rohstoffen | |
EP0943032B1 (de) | Mehrkomponentensystem zum verändern, abbau oder bleichen von lignin oder ligninhaltigen materialien sowie verfahren zu seiner anwendung | |
EP0825294B2 (de) | Mehrkomponentensystem zum Verändern, Abbau oder Bleichen von Lignin, oder ligninhaltigen Materialien sowie Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung | |
EP0584176A1 (de) | Verfahren zur delignifizierung von lignocellulosehaltigem material. bleiche und behandlung von abwässern mittels laccasen mit erweiterter wirksamkeit | |
DE10158120A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Xylose aus xylanreichen Lignocellulosen, insbesondere Holz | |
EP0441113B1 (de) | Verfahren zum chlorfreien Bleichen von Zellstoff | |
US5203964A (en) | Process for producing cellulose from lignin containing raw materials using an enzyme or microorganism while monitoring and maintaining the redox potential | |
DE4129739A1 (de) | Chlorfreies bleichen von papierpulpe | |
EP0447673B1 (de) | Verfahren zum enzymatischen Bleichen von Zellstoffen | |
EP0325731A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von halbgebleichtem Kraftzellstoff | |
WO2003025280A1 (de) | Verfahren zum abtrennen von hemicellulosen aus hemicellulosehaltiger biomasse | |
DE4008894C2 (de) | ||
DE69729215T2 (de) | Sauerstoffbehandlung von filtraten aus einer bleichanlage | |
US20060177921A1 (en) | Method for removing unsaturated uronic acid in chemical pulp for papermaking | |
EP3911609A1 (de) | Verfahren zur reinigung von in einer anlage zur altpapieraufbereitung im kreislauf geführten prozesswasser mit enzymen | |
AT394865B (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer xylanase-reichen und cellulase-armen enzymloesung | |
EP0512978A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Bleichen von xylan- und lignocellulosehältigen Materialien | |
DE3822628A1 (de) | Verfahren zur behandlung von lignin zur gewinnung von aldehyden und/oder phenolsaeuren | |
WO2002029155A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von holocellulose durch delignifizieren von lignocellulosehaltiger biomasse | |
EP0647466A2 (de) | Cellulosische Membranen | |
DE3247594A1 (de) | Verfahren zum bleichen von ligninhaltigem cellulosehalbstoff | |
WO1998005818A1 (de) | Mehrkomponentensystem zum verändern, abbau oder bleichen von lignin, ligninhaltigen materialien oder ähnlichen stoffen sowie verfahren zu seiner anwendung | |
EP0503304A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Delignifizierung von cellulosehaltigen Rohstoffen | |
DE805347C (de) | Vorbehandlung von Sulfitablaugen vor deren Verarbeitung | |
DE2823123A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von eiweissfuttermittel aus papiersammelabfaellen und anderen fasrigen, cullulosehaltigen, natuerlichen materialien |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19890424 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19901228 |
|
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 86318 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19930315 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3784515 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19930408 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A. |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19930517 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 87907315.3 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19971028 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19971028 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19971030 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19971121 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19971121 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19971127 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19971128 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981024 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981024 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981024 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: CALL HANS-PETER Effective date: 19981031 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19990430 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19990430 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990501 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19981024 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19990501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990803 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19991030 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 87907315.3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000630 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051024 |