EP0298852A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten eines metallischen Bandes - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten eines metallischen Bandes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0298852A2
EP0298852A2 EP88401722A EP88401722A EP0298852A2 EP 0298852 A2 EP0298852 A2 EP 0298852A2 EP 88401722 A EP88401722 A EP 88401722A EP 88401722 A EP88401722 A EP 88401722A EP 0298852 A2 EP0298852 A2 EP 0298852A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leveling
cylinders
strip
cylinder
thinned
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88401722A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0298852B1 (de
EP0298852A3 (en
Inventor
François Mazodier
René Paulhac
Jean Peyron
Zalman Padwo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clecim SAS
Original Assignee
Clecim SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clecim SAS filed Critical Clecim SAS
Publication of EP0298852A2 publication Critical patent/EP0298852A2/de
Publication of EP0298852A3 publication Critical patent/EP0298852A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0298852B1 publication Critical patent/EP0298852B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
    • B21D1/05—Stretching combined with rolling

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method and an installation for leveling a metal strip which can be used especially for obtaining flat products without edge defects, in particular those which are induced by the fact that the properties, in particular mechanical or metallurgical properties, over a certain width at the edge of the strip, are very clearly different from those of the central part of the strip.
  • the product is subjected, after rolling, galvanizing, tinning or other process, to a certain number of finishing operations, in particular to remove certain defects.
  • the strip is passed through a leveling cage intended to eliminate warping due to the fact that the metal fibers do not have a regular length over the width of the sheet.
  • the sheet is made to travel on rollers defining a corrugated path and subjecting it to a tension so as to produce elongations by traction-bending.
  • a leveler therefore consists of a leveling cage disposed between two tension blocks, respectively input and output and within which are mounted a plurality of glider rollers whose axes are arranged one compared to the others staggered on different levels so as to define a wavy path.
  • the leveling cage can also be associated with other equipment which precedes it and which has a different function such as, for example, a rolling mill cage called "Skin-Pass" performing a low elongation.
  • Sk-Pass rolling mill cage
  • the leveler conventionally comprises two input and output tensioner blocks 12 between which a leveling cage 10 is disposed.
  • Each tensioning unit 11 or 12 comprises a number of rollers 13 and 17, intended to keep the strip 3 in tension which is made to run and to impose an elongation thereon by appropriate means.
  • the leveling cage proper 10, disposed between the tensioning blocks is generally made up of two or four active leveling cylinders 2 on which the strip 3 which travels in directions perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders is subjected to deformations of traction-bending in the elastoplastic field.
  • the active cylinders preferably have a very small diameter in relation to their length and this is why each of the active cylinders 2 is generally placed either on two rollers 21 called intermediate needles which rest on three rows 22 of support rollers, either directly on two rows of support rollers 22, all combinations being possible depending on the specificity of the machine. Special stops are fitted to the ends of the cylinders to enable them to operate in good conditions.
  • the assembly consisting of an active cylinder and its support rollers is called "leveling equipment".
  • the leveling device (s) may be followed by devices intended to correct a transverse camber of the so-called "tile" strip or a longitudinal camber; the active cylinders of these crews are said to be: anti-tile cylinder 15 and defogger cylinder 16, the latter two functions being sometimes confused.
  • Deflector rollers 18 the number of which depends on the arrangement of the machine, can be located at different places to force the strip 3 to follow a particular path during its passage through the machine or to perform other functions.
  • the tangential speed of the rollers 17 of the outlet block 12 is greater than that of the rollers 13 of the inlet block 11 so as to subject the strip to an adjustable tensile force.
  • the positions of the leveling rolls 2, anti-tile 15 and countersink 16 are adjustable in height relative to the mean plane of travel of the strip which thus follows a zig-zag path, the amplitude of which can be adjusted.
  • the strip which is subjected to a significant tensile force, lengthens during its passage over each active cylinder of small diameter and the height adjustment of the active cylinders makes it possible to modify the deformation force applied to the strip. The latter is thus deformed in the plastic area on each active cylinder whose shape it follows over an angular sector, undergoing an elongation which gives it the form of a developable surface, each of the active cylinders 14, 15 and 16 ensuring its own role.
  • the thinned parts can be arranged at the two ends of the same cylinder, the central part of which, which forms the useful table and normally has a constant diameter, covers the central zone of the strip over a constant width, the zones of the two edges passing over both ends thinned.
  • a cylinder of determined profile can only be suitable for leveling strips whose width varies only to a small extent.
  • Each cylinder is therefore assigned a width range and, when a strip of width larger or smaller than the limits is to be treated, it is necessary to change the cylinder to replace it with another whose thinned parts are spaced from each other by the desired distance.
  • the passage over the thinned parts is more effective when the latter are formed on small diameter cylinders such as active cylinders, on which the strip is subjected to deformation in the plastic field.
  • the object of the invention is to solve such a problem by means of special provisions making it possible to provide thinned parts on the active leveling cylinders while retaining possibilities for adjusting the latter both in height and in the axial direction without significantly increasing the size of the leveling cage thus improved.
  • the thinned parts are therefore formed respectively at opposite ends of two active leveling cylinders each resting on support rollers and the leveling equipment thus formed by each active cylinder and the support rollers which are associated are each mounted, respectively, on an upper beam and a lower beam slidably mounted vertically on the uprights of the leveling cage frame and each associated, on the one hand with height adjustment means for adjusting the level of the corresponding active cylinder and on the other hand to means for controlling the sliding of the entire leveling unit parallel to the axes of the cylinders for adjusting the axial position of the thinned part of each active cylinder relative to the strip axis.
  • each asymmetrical cylinder is mounted with its support equipment in a frame forming a cassette mounted movable axially on the corresponding support beam and the means for adjusting the axial position of each cylinder are formed by cylinders bearing respectively on the cassette and on the corresponding beam.
  • the two asymmetrical active cylinders each associated with a leveling unit are fixed respectively on an upper beam and on a lower beam mounted to slide vertically on the uprights of the cage frame and each carried , by means of rollers on rails extending horizontally between the two uprights of the cage in a direction transverse to the axis of the strip, in a manner allowing the vertical displacement of the beam, the adjustment of the axial position of each asymmetrical cylinder being effected by transverse displacement of the corresponding beam on these support rails.
  • the support rollers of the upper beam are mounted in pairs at each end of the beam on arms articulated around horizontal axes and allowing the lowering of the beam with the leveling crew in the working position under the action of jacks and the return of the beam to the high disassembly position.
  • each support beam of a leveling equipment with asymmetrical cylinders is associated with an axial adjustment device comprising a centering plate mounted to slide perpendicularly to the beam on a slide mounted sliding on slides extending between the two uprights. of the frame 6 parallel to the beam, the end of the plate being able to engage in a guide groove formed on the beam in a vertical direction.
  • the various members necessary for the height adjustment and the axial adjustment of the active cylinders form a particularly compact assembly which can be housed in a limited space, this characteristic being particularly advantageous in the case of small machines sizes and for adapting existing lines.
  • Such faults can also be corrected by virtue of the arrangements according to the invention which make it possible to carry out an axial adjustment of a fairly large amplitude and in addition to provide thinned parts over a relatively large length at the end of each active cylinder so that each thinned part covers a lateral zone of the strip of width determined according to the defects to be corrected.
  • the invention also makes it possible to correct a defect induced by such a difference in properties, if necessary on a single edge.
  • the invention can also be useful in the case where the strip before planing has long edges such that it is not possible to correct them entirely.
  • defects both for excessive long edges of the strip before planing and for defects induced by different mechanical properties at the edges over a certain width relative to the entire central part of the strip. it being understood that it is the correction of the effects of this latter type of fault which is particularly sought after.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically in perspective, the passage of the strip 3 on two cylinders 23, 24 kept centered on their axes by end pieces 27 and defining a wavy path.
  • Two different active cylinders, respectively 23 and 24, of the cage are provided with an asymmetrical profile, each cylinder being provided with a thinned part 20 at only one of its ends and having a substantially constant diameter on the normal part 26 covering the most of its length, to the other end.
  • the thinned parts 25, 25 ′ are placed respectively at two opposite ends of the two cylinders 23 and 24, on either side of the longitudinal axis 30 of the strip and the two cylinders 23 and 24 can be moved in opposite directions , parallel to their axis along the arrows (f) so as to adjust their axial positions so that each thinned part, respectively, 25, 25 ′ is placed directly above one of the two edges, respectively 31, 31 ′ of the strip 3.
  • each thinned part 25, 25 ′ having a length a it is possible to adjust the positions of the two cylinders axially so that the diameter D of the cylinder decreases progressively from a line placed at a distance L from the edge 31 of the strip 3.
  • the latter therefore comprises two lateral zones 32, 32 ′ of width L and L ′ passing over the thinned parts 25 of the cylinders 23 and 24 and framing a central area 33 passing over the cylindrical parts 26 of the two cylinders and it is possible, by acting individually on each of the cylinders, to adjust the widths, respectively, L and L ′ of the two lateral zones 32, 32 ′.
  • the thinned parts 25 have a conical shape connecting to the cylindrical part 26 by a rounded shape, but a different profile could also be provided, for example parabolic or similar.
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents, by way of simple example, a first possible embodiment of the invention.
  • Each leveling cylinder 23, 24 can be placed, with the corresponding equipment, in a chassis 35 forming a cassette mounted to slide axially on a support beam 36 on which is supported a means for controlling the axial movement of the cassette, such as '' a cylinder 37.
  • At least one of the two beams can be slidably mounted vertically in a frame 38 under the action of jacks 39 making it possible to adjust the height level of the roller and to move the cassettes apart. and on the other side of the plane of the strip 3, in the disassembly and reassembly position.
  • the invention thus makes it possible not only to adapt exactly to the width of the strip without proceeding with the exchange of the leveling cylinders, but also to adjust the position of each edge of the strip on the thinned part of the corresponding cylinder and by consequent to impose a variation of length of the paths traversed on the lateral zones of the strip with respect to the central part, by adjusting the relative positions of the thinned parts 25 with respect to the longitudinal axis of travel 30.
  • the axial displacements of the two leveling rollers 23, 24 are not necessarily equal and it is therefore possible, if necessary, to vary the widths L and L ′ of the lateral zones whose path lengths are modified .
  • the asymmetrical cylinders 23 and 24 are part of two planing crews 4 and 5 fixed respectively on an upper beam 41 and a lower beam 51 which are slidably mounted transversely to the axis of travel in a frame 6 comprising as seen on the FIG. 6, two uprights 61 inside which windows 62 are provided for the passage of the beams 41 and 51.
  • the two beams 41 and 51 can also slide vertically along guide faces 63 formed on the uprights 61 of the frame 6.
  • Cylinders 64 and 65 control the vertical displacements, respectively, of the upper beam 41 and the lower beam 51.
  • the cylinders 64 and 65 are of the hydraulic and electromechanical type but they could be of any other nature.
  • the upper beam 41 is carried by rollers 42 which roll on rails 66 extending horizontally to the upper part of the frame 6.
  • connection between the beam 41 and the support rails 66 is made so as to allow the vertical sliding of the beam 41 in the working position, under the action of the jacks 64 and its return to the level of the rails 66 in the disassembly position.
  • rollers 42 can be mounted on sliding frames or on articulated arms of sufficient length to allow the lowering of the leveling cylinder 24 in the working position shown in dotted lines in FIG. 6.
  • Such a mobile mounting of the rollers relative to the beam is not essential for the beam 51 which can be simply lifted by mechanical jacks 65, the main role of which is the correct positioning of the beam, the weight of the assembly of the crew ensuring the return to the low position of the beam 51 which comes to rest on horizontal rails 67 by means of rollers allowing the axial movement of the beam 51.
  • the lower beam can, sometimes, also be actuated by a hydraulic cylinder which is added to the mechanical cylinders 65 to allow rapid opening of the cage from below.
  • each beam 41, 51 can be achieved by a mechanism of the jack, self-propelled trolley, winch, chain, etc. type, not shown in the drawings.
  • each leveling unit is preferably carried out by centering devices 7 mounted next to each beam 41, 51, between the two uprights 61 of the frame 6.
  • each centering device 7 is carried by a shank 8 which slides along slides 81 extending between the two uprights 61 of the frame 6 parallel to the axes of the leveling cylinders.
  • a mechanical or hydraulic cylinder 82 resting on one of the uprights 61 makes it possible to adjust the position of the centering device 7 along the corresponding beam 41.
  • a similar device 7 ′ is associated with the lower beam 51.
  • the centering device 7 (7 ′) comprises a centering plate 71 slidably mounted on the stretcher 8 perpendicular to the slides 81 and to the axes of the cylinders and the end 74 of which can engage in a groove 47 formed on the beam 41 in a vertical direction.
  • the transverse sliding movement of the plate 71 relative to the beam 41 is controlled by a retraction cylinder 72, the body and the rod of which are articulated respectively on the strut 8 and on a hooking lug 73 secured to the centering plate 71.
  • the plate 71 is put in place in front of the corresponding groove 67 and, by means of the jack 72, the plate is engaged in the groove.
  • the jack 82 then makes it possible, by means of the plate 71, to precisely adjust the axial position of the beam 41 to precisely position the thinned part of the leveling cylinder relative to the edge of the sheet.
  • the strut 8 is then held in this position by the jack 82 and the end 74 of the plate 71 constitutes a guide for the vertical movement of the beam 41 under the action of the jacks 64.
  • the adjustment of the lower beam 51 is carried out in the same way by the centering device 7 ′.
  • the axial adjustment could also be carried out in the working position by equipping the clamping cylinders with holding devices and / or allowing the beams to slide.
  • the order in which the two asymmetrical cylinders will be placed will be chosen according to the construction conveniences and the different desired strip trajectories. One can therefore also choose to apply this correction principle to, for example, two cylinders not located on either side of the strip but on the same side with respect to a face of the strip. They may also not necessarily be directly neighboring.
  • the position adjustment can be done when the belt is engaged or not in the machine, in motion or stopped.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
EP88401722A 1987-07-08 1988-07-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten eines metallischen Bandes Expired - Lifetime EP0298852B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8709715A FR2617744B1 (fr) 1987-07-08 1987-07-08 Procede et installation de planage d'une bande metallique
FR8709715 1987-07-08

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0298852A2 true EP0298852A2 (de) 1989-01-11
EP0298852A3 EP0298852A3 (en) 1990-09-12
EP0298852B1 EP0298852B1 (de) 1993-10-20

Family

ID=9353009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401722A Expired - Lifetime EP0298852B1 (de) 1987-07-08 1988-07-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Richten eines metallischen Bandes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4898013A (de)
EP (1) EP0298852B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2650141B2 (de)
CS (1) CS274742B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3885019T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2617744B1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0446130A1 (de) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Clecim Anlage zum Richten
EP0470512A2 (de) * 1990-08-04 1992-02-12 SUNDWIGER EISENHÜTTE MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH & CO. Verfahren zum Richten von Metallbändern im Durchlauf
EP1918036A1 (de) 2006-11-03 2008-05-07 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies SAS Vorrichtung zum Richten eines Metallstreifens
WO2011032890A1 (de) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen streckbiegerichten von metallbändern
WO2011161134A1 (de) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Streckbiegerichtanlage
CN109317975A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-02-12 赵彦强 一种便于调节的五金制品加工装置
CN109465311A (zh) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-15 筑梦高科建筑有限公司 一种铝模板平面校正装置

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR0174815B1 (ko) * 1989-09-18 1999-02-18 미다 가쓰시게 교정장치 및 교정방법
JP2862955B2 (ja) * 1990-05-28 1999-03-03 嗣郎 源吉 バテライト型炭酸カルシウムを含有するポリエステル組成物
JP2000301251A (ja) * 1998-12-31 2000-10-31 Dana Corp 前車軸ビームのハイドロフォーム法による製造方法
DE10155122B4 (de) * 2001-11-09 2010-07-29 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Streck-Biege-Richten von Metallband, insbesondere von warm- oder kaltgewalztem Stahlband
US6769279B1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2004-08-03 Machine Concepts, Inc. Multiroll precision leveler with automatic shape control
DE202005006412U1 (de) * 2004-05-27 2005-06-30 Battenfeld Extrusionstechnik Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung
CN100447346C (zh) * 2005-01-18 2008-12-31 周兆弟 筋状管桩
FR2882667B1 (fr) * 2005-03-01 2007-05-11 Redex Sa Dispositif de planage sous traction d'une bande metallique continue
RU2598735C2 (ru) * 2011-08-08 2016-09-27 Прайметалз Текнолоджиз Аустриа ГмбХ Прокатный стан и способ прокатки
CN113118233A (zh) * 2021-04-19 2021-07-16 太原理工大学 一种在板材中预置拉伸孪晶的连续生产设备

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JPS55122629A (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-09-20 Hitachi Ltd Tension leveller
JPS55153622A (en) * 1979-05-15 1980-11-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Straightener for shape of strip
JPS5886933A (ja) * 1981-11-18 1983-05-24 Hitachi Ltd テンシヨンレベラ
FR2529485A1 (fr) * 1982-06-30 1984-01-06 Sumitomo Metal Ind Procede pour changer la distribution, en largeur, de l'epaisseur d'une bande de metal
EP0199017A2 (de) * 1985-03-08 1986-10-29 British Steel Corporation Ausgleich der Spannung bei Bandmaterial

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US2213507A (en) * 1936-03-05 1940-09-03 Ungerer Fritz Straightening machine
JPS4311547Y1 (de) * 1964-06-08 1968-05-20
JPS5647217A (en) * 1979-09-28 1981-04-28 Hitachi Ltd Tension leveler
JPS57199505A (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-07 Hitachi Ltd Work roll moving type rolling mill
JPS5829506A (ja) * 1981-08-11 1983-02-21 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 圧延機
JPS5853311A (ja) * 1981-09-24 1983-03-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 多段クラスタ圧延機
JPS6046816A (ja) * 1983-08-24 1985-03-13 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd ロ−ラ−レベラ−のロ−ルシフト方法及びその装置
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US4683744A (en) * 1985-06-18 1987-08-04 Wean United Rolling Mills, Inc. Flexible edge roll

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55122629A (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-09-20 Hitachi Ltd Tension leveller
JPS55153622A (en) * 1979-05-15 1980-11-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Straightener for shape of strip
JPS5886933A (ja) * 1981-11-18 1983-05-24 Hitachi Ltd テンシヨンレベラ
FR2529485A1 (fr) * 1982-06-30 1984-01-06 Sumitomo Metal Ind Procede pour changer la distribution, en largeur, de l'epaisseur d'une bande de metal
EP0199017A2 (de) * 1985-03-08 1986-10-29 British Steel Corporation Ausgleich der Spannung bei Bandmaterial

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 4, no. 171 (M-44)[653], 26 novembre 1980; & JP-A-55 122 629 (HITACHI SEISAKUSHO K.K.) 20-09-1980 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 5, no. 25 (M-55)[697], 14 février 1981; & JP-A-55 153 622 (MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO K.K.) 29-11-1980 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 187 (M-236)[1332], 16 août 1983; & JP-A-58 086 933 (HITACHI SEISAKUSHO K.K.) 24-05-1983 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0446130A1 (de) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Clecim Anlage zum Richten
FR2659254A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-13 Clecim Sa Installation de planage de toles.
US5127249A (en) * 1990-03-09 1992-07-07 Clecim Levelling installation
EP0470512A2 (de) * 1990-08-04 1992-02-12 SUNDWIGER EISENHÜTTE MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH & CO. Verfahren zum Richten von Metallbändern im Durchlauf
EP0470512A3 (en) * 1990-08-04 1992-04-08 Sundwiger Eisenhuette Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Method of dressing metal bands passing through
US5161400A (en) * 1990-08-04 1992-11-10 Sundwiger Eisenhutte Maschinenfabrik Process for levelling continuously moving metal strips
EP1918036A1 (de) 2006-11-03 2008-05-07 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies SAS Vorrichtung zum Richten eines Metallstreifens
FR2908060A1 (fr) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-09 Vai Clecim Soc Par Actions Sim Machine de planage d'une bande metallique
WO2011032890A1 (de) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen streckbiegerichten von metallbändern
WO2011161134A1 (de) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Streckbiegerichtanlage
CN109317975A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-02-12 赵彦强 一种便于调节的五金制品加工装置
CN109465311A (zh) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-15 筑梦高科建筑有限公司 一种铝模板平面校正装置
CN109465311B (zh) * 2018-11-20 2020-07-03 广东博智林机器人有限公司 一种铝模板平面校正装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2617744A1 (fr) 1989-01-13
EP0298852B1 (de) 1993-10-20
JPS6427718A (en) 1989-01-30
CS488788A2 (en) 1990-12-13
DE3885019D1 (de) 1993-11-25
DE3885019T2 (de) 1994-05-11
FR2617744B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
CS274742B2 (en) 1991-10-15
US4898013A (en) 1990-02-06
EP0298852A3 (en) 1990-09-12
JP2650141B2 (ja) 1997-09-03

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