EP0275581B1 - Préparation d'acide polyactique et ses copolymères - Google Patents

Préparation d'acide polyactique et ses copolymères Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275581B1
EP0275581B1 EP87202432A EP87202432A EP0275581B1 EP 0275581 B1 EP0275581 B1 EP 0275581B1 EP 87202432 A EP87202432 A EP 87202432A EP 87202432 A EP87202432 A EP 87202432A EP 0275581 B1 EP0275581 B1 EP 0275581B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lactide
polylactic acid
organic solvent
water
dissolved
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87202432A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0275581A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaas Sybren De Vries
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Akzo NV
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Akzo NV
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Publication of EP0275581B1 publication Critical patent/EP0275581B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D319/10—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes
    • C07D319/12—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes not condensed with other rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing polylactic acid or copolymers of polylactic acid, in particular copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid.
  • Polylactic acid can be obtained by polycondensation of lactic acid, a polymer with a relatively low molecular weight being obtained with the elimination of water. Similarly, a copolymer having low molecular weight is obtained on condensing a mixture of lactic acid and glycolic acid. In most cases these polymers are not usable for many applications, and in particular, are not usable for application as a biodegradable polymer.
  • Polylactic acid having a higher molecular weight can be virtually exclusively obtained by decomposing the above-mentioned low-molecular polylactic acid by thermal treatment, a stable compound consisting of two lactic acid radicals according to the formula: being obtained.
  • a high-molecular polylactic acid can be obtained by polymerizing this compound (I), termed lactide, provided this starting compound does not contain any impurities which interfere with the progress of the polymerization.
  • the literature therefore recommends recrystallizing this starting substance at least once and, preferably, several times.
  • a method has now been found for preparing high-molecular polylactic acid or copolymers in which the yield of lactide available for the polymerization, and therefore of the final polymer, is considerably increased and in many cases is even doubled.
  • said extraction method according to the invention removes precisely those impurities occurring in the crude lactide according to formula I which apparently influence the course of the polymerization and in one way or another affect the chain length without large losses being produced in relation to the lactide usable and available for the polymerization.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a method for the preparation of a lactide of formula I by polycondensation of L-, D- or D,L-lactic acid followed by decomposition of the low-molecular polylactic acid thus obtained, characterised in that the crude lactide thus obtained is dissolved in an organic solvent, which is not miscible or virtually not miscible with water, and this solution is then extracted with water, in which a basic substance is dissolved which is not soluble or only sparingly soluble in said organic solvent, after which the lactide is isolated from the organic solvent layer.
  • organic solvent all organic compounds which, under the given reaction conditions, are able to form a liquid phase which is not miscible with water and in which the crude lactide according to formula I is soluble.
  • organic solvents are chosen which do not dissolve water at all or dissolve water only to a very limited extent.
  • organic liquids which have a boiling point between approximately 35 °C and 150 °C under atmospheric conditions and whose density differs from that of the aqueous phase to such an extent that a good phase separation is possible on the basis of the difference in density.
  • Organic solvents which are preferably suitable for use in the present invention are dichloro and trichloro methane, alkyl acetates such as ethyl-, propyl- and n-butyl acetate, ethers such as diethyl ether, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and o -, m - or p -xylene.
  • alkyl acetates such as ethyl-, propyl- and n-butyl acetate
  • ethers such as diethyl ether
  • ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and o -, m - or p -xylene.
  • the quantity of the basic substance in the water phase is not critical, but very good results are obtained if the number of base equivalents in the water phase is roughly equal to 2 to approximately 6 times the quantity of base which is necessary to titrate the same quantity of crude lactide with the base sodium isopropanolate (0.1 molar solution of sodium isopropanolate in isopropanol) until the colour changes according to the procedure specified in more detail under "titration".
  • the temperature at which the extraction according to the invention is carried out is not critical either, but the temperature must not, of course, be so high that the crude lactide dissolved in the organic liquid decomposes (or hydrolyses). Excellent results are obtained at room temperature but lower or higher temperatures are also quite possible.
  • a further improvement in the purity of the lactide can also be obtained by dissolving an inert salt, for example sodium chloride or sodium sulphate, to a high concentration in the aqueous phase.
  • an inert salt for example sodium chloride or sodium sulphate
  • lactide purified by the extraction method according to the invention is then polymerized in the usual manner (optionally in the presence of another monomer or polymer) to form the desired high-molecular polylactic acid or copolymer of polylactic acid.
  • the high-molecular polylactic acid and the copolymer with glycolic acid which are obtained from a lactide consisting of a mixture of DD-, LL- and a significant percentage of DL-lactide, exhibit clear structural differences from the high-molecular polylactic acid or copolymer obtained after recrystallizing the crude lactide mixture.
  • This difference in structure is ascribed to the proportionately larger number of pairs of two consecutive lactic acid units which have the LD or DL sequence. These differences in structure can be detected by simple physical-chemical methods, for example 13C nmr.
  • the high-molecular polylactic acid, and in particular the copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid are preferably used in pharmacy and medicine as biodegradable polymers.
  • threads of polylactic acid or copolymers thereof find application as surgical sewing threads.
  • polylactic acid and copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid are used in particular as carriers for the controlled release of medicines.
  • lactide 1-3 g is accurately weighed out to 0.01 g and dissolved in 25-50 ml of acetone dried over molecular sieve. After adding a few drops of a solution of bromothymol blue in acetone (60 mg in 20 ml) titration is carried out with a 0.1 M solution of sodium isopropanolate in isopropanol until the colour changes to blue and remains blue or bluish green for at least 30 sec.
  • base consumption mmol of isopropanolate per kg of lactide is hereinafter termed "base consumption" and expressed in milliequivalents per kg of lactide.
  • the "base consumption” determined in this manner serves as a measure of the quantity of basic substance which is used in the aqueous phase when using the extraction method according to the invention.
  • the evaporation residue was 2.58 g (78% of the starting weight), and the base consumption of the sublimated lactide was only 8.4 meq per kg.
  • the dichloromethane was distilled off while carefully heating at a pressure of approximately 0.85 bar. Distillation at a pressure of approximately 5 mbar then produced 31.27 g of lactide (51.3% of the initial weight), for which a base consumption of only 5.7 meq per kg of lactide was found.
  • the purified lactide was polymerized for 17 hours at 160 °C in the manner described in Example 1.4; the relative viscosity of the polymer was 2.87.
  • the purified lactide was polymerized for 6 hours at 190 °C; the relative viscosity of the final product was now lower, namely 1.62.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour la préparation d'acide polylactique ou de copolymères d'acide polylactique en polymérisant le lactide selon la formule I :
    Figure imgb0003
     facultativement en présence d'autres polymères ou monomères, ledit lactide selon la formule I étant obtenu par polycondensation d'acide L-, D- ou D,L-lactique, puis décomposition de l'acide polylactique de bas poids moléculaire ainsi obtenu, caractérisé par le fait que le lactide brut I est dissous dans un solvant organique qui est liquide dans les conditions données et qui n'est pas miscible à l'eau, et cette solution est ensuite extraite avec de l'eau dans laquelle est dissoute une substance basique qui est peu soluble ou insoluble dans ledit solvant organique, après quoi le lactide est isolé de la phase de solvant organique et (facultativement après une purification supplémentaire) utilisé pour la polymérisation ou copolymérisation en l'acide polylactique ou copolymère de celui-ci ayant un haut poids moléculaire.
  2. Procédé pour la préparation du lactide de formule I par polycondensation d'acide L-, D- ou D,L-lactique, puis décomposition de l'acide polylactique de bas poids moléculaire ainsi obtenu en le lactide brut de formule I, caractérisé par le fait que le lactide brut obtenu est dissous dans un solvant organique qui n'est pas miscible à l'eau et cette solution est ensuite extraite avec de l'eau dans laquelle est dissoute une substance basique qui est peu soluble ou insoluble dans ledit solvant organique, après quoi le lactide est isolé de la phase de solvant organique.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'extraction est effectuée avec de l'eau dans laquelle est dissoute une quantité de la substance basique qui correspond à environ 2 à environ 6 fois la quantité de base, exprimé en équivalents, qui est nécessaire pour titrer une quantité égale de lactide brut avec l'isopropanolate de sodium selon la méthode spécifiée dans le mémoire descriptif.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le lactide brut est dissous dans le dichlorométhane ou l'acétate d'éthyle.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un sel inerte est dissous à une forte concentration dans la phase aqueuse.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que le chlorure de sodium ou le sulfate de sodium est utilisé comme sel inerte.
EP87202432A 1986-12-19 1987-12-07 Préparation d'acide polyactique et ses copolymères Expired - Lifetime EP0275581B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87202432T ATE79386T1 (de) 1986-12-19 1987-12-07 Herstellung von polymilchsaeure und copolymeren daraus.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8603231 1986-12-19
NL8603231 1986-12-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0275581A1 EP0275581A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
EP0275581B1 true EP0275581B1 (fr) 1992-08-12

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Family Applications (1)

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EP87202432A Expired - Lifetime EP0275581B1 (fr) 1986-12-19 1987-12-07 Préparation d'acide polyactique et ses copolymères

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4797468A (fr)
EP (1) EP0275581B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63165430A (fr)
AT (1) ATE79386T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1331193C (fr)
DE (1) DE3781133T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2052551T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3006204T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CA1331193C (fr) 1994-08-02
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DE3781133D1 (de) 1992-09-17
EP0275581A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
JPS63165430A (ja) 1988-07-08
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US4797468A (en) 1989-01-10
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