EP0237458A1 - Timber frame house - Google Patents

Abstract

This house has at least one self-supporting face comprising a one-piece timber framework (1) which is composed of two horizontal beams (10, 11) connected by a series of equidistant vertical members (12); the ends of the members (12) are fastened to the beams (10, 11) by embedding and screwing or nailing, the lower beam (11) possessing a longitudinal groove (110) which is adapted to be positioned and fastened on a concrete ground rail (2). <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a wooden frame house.

Known wooden frame houses generally consist of a frame which is mounted on the site and which then receives prefabricated elements in the workshop, in particular filling panels for the facade and gables, doors and windows, as well as various other finishing and insulation elements reported.

Experience has shown that this kind of manufacturing process, partly on site and partly in the workshop, is not always satisfactory, since the assembly of added construction elements with those already in place is rarely done. correct and precise. In addition, due to the hybrid construction method, the various woods used are not always of the same quality and behave differently in use, especially in the face of bad weather (different swelling and expansion), which often leads to deterioration of the construction. , in particular deformations and cracks. It should also be noted that this type of house is generally unattractive.

A house of this kind is described for example in document EP-A-0 125 936; this relates to a building whose wooden frame is made up of high sand pits and horizontal low pits connected by vertical posts; this frame is completely hidden after manufacture by covering panels.

The invention aims to solve these problems by proposing a wooden house whose construction of the main parts, and in particular that of the facade, can be carried out entirely in the workshop, with the use of identical wood, this construction resembling that of a furniture.

Another objective of the invention is to propose a wooden house which can be assembled very quickly on the site, even with the help of unskilled personnel.

Another objective of the invention is to provide a wooden house which has an aesthetic character and a very neat finish, while being of an acceptable cost price.

Another object of the invention is to provide a wooden frame house whose shape and layout can be freely adapted to the tastes and needs of the buyer.

Another objective of the invention is to provide a wooden frame house which is resistant to aging and to the effects of time (sun and bad weather).

These results are achieved in accordance with the invention by the fact that the house comprises at least one self-supporting facade comprising a wooden frame in one piece, which is composed of two horizontal beams connected by a series of equidistant vertical uprights, which the fixing the ends of these uprights with said beams is carried out by embedding and screwing or nailing, that the uprights and the beams have recesses or lateral rebates adapted to receive by interlocking filling elements such as panels, glazing, doors or windows, the central part - located between the rebates - of the uprights and the non-recessed parts of the beams remaining visible after fitting of the filling elements, and that the lower beam has a horizontal groove adapted to be positioned and fixed on a ground rail concrete.

Thus, the entire facade can be produced in the workshop and then transported after manufacture to the site, where it can be erected in a very simple manner. the fixing of the uprights with the horizontal beams, which is carried out by embedding then by screwing or nailing, makes it possible to obtain a particularly solid and durable connection between these various elements. The fixing on the chassis in wood of some of the filling elements, and in particular of the filling panels, can be produced in the workshop, with all the desired precision.

The central part of the vertical uprights, as well as the non-recessed part of the horizontal beams, remaining visible after fitting of the filling elements, the entire facade has a remarkable aesthetic character.

The spacing between the vertical uprights is advantageously between 90 and 120 cm; the spacing can be chosen naturally according to the wishes of the buyer and the design of the house, in fact, this spacing determines the internal distribution of the house, as will be seen later; a spacing of 90 cm makes it possible to accommodate a door of usual width between two uprights.

Opposite the space receiving the door, the lower beam can be simply interrupted, in such a way that the threshold of the door formed by the floor rail at this location.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the house comprises a floor bar, or linoir, which is fixed at right angles to the upper beam, slightly projecting therefrom towards the interior of the house; this linnor has notches which are used for embedding the ends of the joists supporting the floor; the end of the joists can be simply fixed by nailing or screwing to the liniser.

The liniser and the joists are advantageously made of glued laminated wood, the appearance of which contributes to the aesthetic effect of the interior design.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the underside of the joists has a longitudinal groove which is adapted to receive the part top of an interior partition. Thus, the connection between the upper part of the partition and the joist is invisible, which improves the finish of this connection. For the edge joists, this groove is replaced by a rebate receiving the upper part of the interior covering which covers the adjacent gable.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pinions are formed from several horizontal elements which are each constituted by a wooden frame comprising equidistant vertical uprights, these elements being erected vertically and fixed to one another. Thus, the wooden frames constituting the gables are produced in a similar manner to the facade frames, their assembly being carried out in the workshop. These elements are advantageously coated with exterior cladding, first insulation, and a rain barrier film also installed in the workshop.

According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the joint plane of the two lower pinion elements is located above the level of the floor of the storey, and the connection of these elements to each other is made by means of fixing members, for example of bolts that are accessible from inside the house.

We understand that thanks to this arrangement, it is first possible to fix the lower parts of the gables to the facades, then to lay the joists and possibly the floor of the floor, so as to constitute a ground floor with great resistance mechanical ; the upper part of the gables can then be erected from inside the house, using the joists (or the floor above) as scaffolding, which considerably facilitates the work of the construction workers.

The fixing of a front frame with a gable can be carried out in a particularly simple and effective way by means of a vertical cleat which is fixed on the external face of the end post the front frame; this cleat is embedded and screwed or nailed between two vertical uprights provided for this purpose in the pinion.

In a particularly aesthetic embodiment, the gable has a portion projecting from the facade, which accommodates the downspouts of rainwater; in this case, according to the invention, this protruding part assumes the shape of a hollow box whose side walls are connected to the end wall by means of joinery joints whose section is shaped to provide for the edges of these walls free spaces in the form of vertical grooves; these relatively wide grooves allow the relative play, in particular following expansions, of the different walls and prevent dust and mold from being deposited at the joints of these walls.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the description and the appended drawings which show a preferred embodiment thereof.

• - la figure 1 est une vue de face d'un châssis de façade conforme à l'invention, mis en place sur une lisse de sol ;
• - la figure 2 est une vue de côté coupée par le plan vertical II-II de la figure 1 ;
• - la figure 3 est une vue similaire à la figure 2, à plus grande échelle, montrant un élément de vitrage mis en place sur le châssis ;
• - la figure 4 est une vue de dessus, coupée par un plan horizontal, d'une partie du châssis de façade, sur laquelle ont été montés certains éléments de rem­plissage ou de finition ;
• - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe, montrant le détail de montage des solives d'étage sur la poutre supérieure du châssis de façade, par l'intermédiaire d'une lisse d'étage, ou linçoir ;
• - les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues en section correspondant aux plans de coupe VI, respectivement VII de la figure 5 ;
• - la figure 7a est une vue analogue à la figure 7, qui représente une solive de rive (accolée à un pignon) ;
• - la figure 8 représente und façade finie équipée d'un châssis conforme à l'invention ;
• - la figure 9 représente, vue de l'intérieur, un pignon destiné à équiper une maison conforme à l'inven­tion ;
• - la figure 1O est une vue de l'extérieur de l'un des trois éléments horizontaux composant le pignon de la figure 9 ;
• - la figure 11 est une demi-vue schématique en bout d'une maison, destinée à montrer la partie en débord du pignon par rapport à la façade ;
• - la figure 12 est une vue de dessus, coupée par un plan horizontal, destinée à montrer la liaison d'une façade avec un pignon, ainsi que la structure de la partie en débord de ce pignon ;
• - la figure 13 est un détail de la figure 12 montrant, à plus grande échelle, le joint de laison des parois de la partie en débord.

In these drawings:

• - Figure 1 is a front view of a facade frame according to the invention, placed on a floor rail;
• - Figure 2 is a side view cut by the vertical plane II-II of Figure 1;
• - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, on a larger scale, showing a glazing element placed on the frame;
• - Figure 4 is a top view, cut by a horizontal plane, of a part of the facade frame, on which have been mounted certain filling or finishing elements;
• - Figure 5 is a sectional view showing the mounting detail of the floor joists on the upper beam of the facade frame, via a floor smooth, or linoir;
• - Figures 6 and 7 are sectional views corresponding to the section planes VI, respectively VII of Figure 5;
• - Figure 7a is a view similar to Figure 7, which shows an edge joist (attached to a gable);
• - Figure 8 shows a finished facade equipped with a frame according to the invention;
• - Figure 9 shows, seen from the inside, a gable intended to equip a house according to the invention;
• - Figure 1O is a view from the outside of one of the three horizontal elements making up the pinion of Figure 9;
• - Figure 11 is a schematic half-view at the end of a house, intended to show the part projecting from the gable with respect to the facade;
• - Figure 12 is a top view, cut by a horizontal plane, intended to show the connection of a facade with a gable, as well as the structure of the projecting part of this gable;
• - Figure 13 is a detail of Figure 12 showing, on a larger scale, the joint seal of the walls of the overhanging part.

As seen in Figure 1, the wooden frame, designated by 1, intended to constitute the framework of the facade of the house, is composed of two horizontal beams 10, 11, which are connected by vertical uprights 12; all of these components are made of solid wood; the wood chosen must be a good quality wood, resistant to weathering and of great dimensional stability, for example a wood of the type known as "western red cedar".

The lower face of the upper beam 1O and the upper face of the lower beam 11 have equidistant notches (1Oa, 11a), intended to receive by interlocking the ends of the uprights 12; these elements are fixed by screwing or nailing, preferably by means of an elastomeric seal.

The distance separating the uprights 12 from each other has been designated by d; this distance is preferably between 9O and 12O cm. The thickness f of the chassis is of the order of 15 to 30 cm.

The lower face of the lower beam 11 has a longitudinal groove, with a horizontal bottom, 11O, extending over the entire length of this beam; on the front face of the frame, directed towards the outside of the house (to the left in FIG. 2), the underside of the lower beam 11 also has a second groove 111, of small width, forming a drop of water.

According to the invention, the frame 1 is manufactured entirely in the workshop, and is delivered in one piece to the site where the house is to be mounted. The height K of the chassis must naturally be compatible with road transport regulations, so as to allow the transport of this chassis to the site; the height K will therefore preferably be less than 2.40 m.

As can be seen more particularly in FIG. 2, the frame 1 is mounted on a concrete rail 2 which is itself formed on a base 21 intended to support the house. The heddle 2 has for example a square or rectangular section, and is positioned in the groove 110 of the lower beam 11; the chassis 1 is fixed to the concrete rail 2 is ensured by means of members 2O suitable fasteners, for example expandable dowels.

As seen in Figures 3 and 4, the empty spaces between the uprights 12 and the beams 1O and 11, are intended to receive filling elements, such as panels or glazing for example. To this end, the lateral edges of the uprights 12 have rebates 120; similarly, the lower edge of the beam 10 and the upper edge of the beam 11 have rebates or countersinks 100, respectively 112; these rebates form receiving bases for the filling elements.

Thus, in Figures 3 and 4, there is shown a double glazing 13, which is placed in the space between two neighboring uprights 12; this glazing is held in abutment against the rebates 100, 120, 112, by means of a retaining frame, or glazing bead 14.

In FIG. 4, it can be seen that the space close to that receiving the glazing 13 is a full space, which includes two filling panels made of wood, made of chipboard 151, 153; these two panels are also placed in appropriate rebates formed this time on the two sides of the frame; the two panels 151, 153 trap an insulating material 152; the outer panel 151 is covered with cladding 15O, for example of paneling.

The assembly of the elements added to the chassis 1 is preferably done externally by nailing, gluing and elastomeric seal under glazing bead and internally by screwing (removable panel).

As seen in Figure 3, the fact that the wooden frame 1 rests on a concrete rail 2, makes this frame is raised relative to the rest of the ground, and its lower part is therefore sheltered runoff at ground level S.

Furthermore, the outer groove 111 also prevents the runoff water which could be on the front face 113 of the lower beam from passing inside the house, this groove serving for the capture of these waters.

Finally, it should be noted that the entire carpentry frame 1 remains perfectly visible both from the outside and from the inside of the house, which considerably increases its aesthetic character.

In FIG. 5, the mode of mounting the floor of the floor is illustrated on a front frame 1.

On the upper internal edge of the upper beam 1O of this chassis, is mounted a smooth floor, or linnor 3; this linnor has a rectangular section, higher than wide, arranged at right angles to the beam 10, so that it projects slightly towards the interior of the house (to the right of FIG. 5).

The fixing of the linocator 3 on the beam 1O is ensured by means of metal plates in L 3O, by nailing or screwing.

The line 3 is preferably made of glued laminated wood.

On its internal vertical face, it comprises a series of vertical notches 31, which do not open completely over the entire height of this linocator; these notches are intended to receive the ends in the shape of tenons, of a series of joists 4 of the traditional type, receiving the floor P.

The joists 4 are also preferably made of glued laminated wood; fixing the ends of the joists 4 with the liner 3 is completed by screws 32 or similar fasteners.

Thanks to this construction, the connection of the joists 4 with the front frame 1 is done in a very discreet manner, and the assembly seen from the interior of the finished house is pleasing to the eye.

As seen more particularly in Figure 7, the underside of the joists 4, or at least some joists, has a groove 40 which is intended to receive the upper part of an interior partition C; an invisible connection is thus obtained between the partition and the joist which overhangs it.

The internal partitioning of the house can therefore be chosen preferably taking into account the location of the joists, or vice versa.

Similarly, as can be seen in FIG. 7a, the edge joists 4ʹ - adjacent to a pinion 5 -have a rebate 40ʹ receiving the upper edge of the internal coating 54 of this pinion.

We have represented in strong mixed lines, and designated by the reference T, the frame and the roof which will be fixed later on the facade of the house, with a reinforcement on the floor P. The frame and the roof, which are not part strictly speaking of the present invention, can be of the traditional type.

According to an important characteristic, the mutual spacing and the positioning of the joists 4 corresponds to that of the vertical uprights 12 of the chassis; the floor is therefore perfectly supported by the façade frame, which plays a full role.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a finished facade produced from a chassis of the type just described, this chassis being fixed between two pinions 5.

In this embodiment, the facade comprises a window 13a with tilting frame, a sill 16a, a fixed panel 16, a transparent glazing with fixed frame 13, an entry door 15, a frame opening to bellows 13b, a sill under chassis 16b, and a fixed panel 17; the wooden panels can be covered with a suitable external covering, in particular with paneling, as is the case for panels 16a and 17; this paneling would for example also be made of "red cedar" wood.

The separation between the opening frames 13a, 13b and the corresponding lighter panels 16a, 16b is carried out by means of horizontal crosspieces 18a and 18b which connect the corresponding uprights 12.

Note that at the location of the door 15, the lower beam 11 is interrupted by cutouts 114, so that the threshold 22 of this door is simply constituted by the concrete floor rail 2 located at this location . Furthermore, the door can be mounted directly in the space between the uprights 12, without an intermediate frame, the hinge pins of the door being able to be directly fixed to one of the uprights 12.

This front door is preferably also covered with "red cedar" paneling.

To avoid deformations of the facade frame 1 during its transport, due to the existence of the cutouts 114, it is possible to provide at this level the installation of a wooden slat forming a spacer, this slat being removed after chassis delivery.

Note in this figure 8 the arrangement and location of the joists 4, as well as their mounting on the liniser 3 by means of nailed fittings 3O.

The pinion 5 shown in FIG. 9 consists of three horizontal elements designated by the references 6, 7 and 8.

Each of these elements is a wooden frame, which includes equidistant vertical uprights designated respectively by the references 62, 72, 82, serving as a support for the future interior covering. These elements are braced, for example by metal strips 65, 75, 85.

The lower element 6 consists of two horizontal beams 6O, 61 connected by these uprights 62; it also includes two inclined end beams 63, corresponding to the beginning of the roof.

The intermediate element 7 comprises two horizontal beams 7O, 71 connected by the uprights 72, as well as two inclined beams 73 corresponding to the roof.

The upper element 8 comprises a horizontal lower beam 81 but does not include an upper beam, only inclined beams 83 corresponding to the top of the roof being connected to the lower beam 81 by the uprights 82.

These three gable elements advantageously have the same height H. They are fixed to each other by fixing members 9, for example bolts which are accessible from inside the house, these bolts serving to retain one against the other the upper beam of one of the elements with the lower beam of the element which is above.

The lower beam 61 of the lower element is advantageously fixed to a rail of concrete floor, in the same way as the lower beam of the facade frame.

The spacing e between the equidistant uprights 62 is for example of the order of 6O cm.

According to an important characteristic of the invention, the joint plane J between the two lower elements 6 and 7 is located above the level N of the storey floor and is used for fixing the plinths.

As already explained above, this arrangement facilitates the mounting of the pinion.

Figure 1O shows from the outside one of the pinion elements, in this case the intermediate element 7; the external face of this element is covered with wooden cladding, preferably also in "red cedar".

In FIG. 11, an exemplary embodiment of a wooden house is shown in accordance with the invention, in which one of the gables 5 has a part 5ʹ which is located overhanging with respect to the facade 1.

Figure 12 shows the fixing of the front frame 1 with this pinion, as well as the structure of the overhang 5ʹ.

The end upright 12 of the chassis 1 is provided with a vertical cleat 19 fixed for example by screwing or nailing on this upright. At the place intended to receive the edge of the facade 1, the wooden frame constituting the pinion 5 comprises two vertical uprights 52 whose spacing corresponds to the width of the cleat 19; this cleat is embedded between the uprights 52, so that the upright 12 comes to bear against their internal faces.

The fixing of the uprights 52 to the cleat 19 is ensured by nailing or lateral screwing 19O.

It will be noted that the pinion frame 5 receives finishing and insulation materials, which are mainly, in the direction from outside to inside:
a cladding 57 of "red cedar" wood which is placed on struts 56, a panel 53 of rigid and insulating material, a rain barrier film 53O,
a filling and insulating material 55, for example based on rock wool,
an interior coating 54 such as, for example, the coating known under the trade name "plasterboard".

The overhanging gable part 5ʹ is composed of:
- on the outside, by extending the insulating plate 53 and the cladding 57;
- "at the end" a vertical board 58,
- on the facade side, 59 cladding.

It will be noted that these panels 59, 58, as well as the cladding 57, are fixed, preferably by nailing, on vertical uprights 52, by means of corner joints 8; as can be seen more particularly in FIG. 13, these joints have a section cut out in such a way that the edges of the panels 57, 58, 59 do not come to bear against these joints, but on the contrary there remains a spacing in shape 8O vertical groove at this level; this groove, of non-negligible width, prevents dust, mold, or other dirt from becoming lodged in this location, risking damaging the walls of this portion 5 en overhanging; in fact, the runoff of rainwater into these grooves automatically performs their periodic cleaning.

It goes without saying that it would not go beyond the ambit of the invention to propose variants of the preferred embodiment which has just been described. For example, we could design a pinion formed only of two horizontal elements (instead of three). It would be possible, after mounting a pinion, to cut over the entire height of this pinion, the horizontal beams located in the space between two neighboring uprights, then to embed in this space thus freed, a frame comprising doors, windows, and / or other filling elements, or even a future extension of the house (without jeopardizing the structure).

Claims (11)

1. Wooden frame house, which comprises at least one self-supporting facade comprising a wooden frame (1) in one piece, which is composed of two horizontal beams (10, 11) connected by a series of equidistant vertical uprights ( 12), characterized in that the fixing of the ends of these uprights (12) with said beams (10, 11) is carried out by embedding and screwing or nailing, that the uprights (12) and the beams (10, 11) have lateral rebates (120; 100, 112) adapted to receive by interlocking filling elements such as panels (16), glazing (13), doors (15) or windows (13a, 13b), the central part - located between the rebates - uprights (12) and the non-recessed parts of the beams (10, 11) remaining visible after fitting of the filling elements, and that the lower beam (11) has a horizontal groove (110) adapted to be positioned and fixed on a concrete floor rail (2). 2. House according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing (d) between the uprights (12) is between 90 and 120 cm. 3. House according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower beam (11) has a cutout (114) placed opposite the door (15), the threshold (22) of the latter being constituted by the floor rail (2) located at this location. 4. House according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a lininer (3) which is fixed at right angles to the upper beam (10), projecting slightly relative thereto towards the 'interior of the house, and which has notches (31) for the installation of joists (4). 5. House according to claim 4, characterized in that the linnor (3) and the joists (4) are made of glued laminated wood. 6. House according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the underside of the joists (4) has a longitudinal groove (40) or a rebate (40ʹ) adapted to receive the upper part of an interior partition (C) or a pinion coating (54). 7. House according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that its gables are formed from several horizontal elements (6, 7, 8) constituted by a wooden frame comprising equidistant vertical uprights (62, 72, 82 ), these elements being erected vertically and fixed one on the other. 8. House according to claim 7, characterized in that said elements (6, 7, 8) are coated with an external cladding (57, 74). 9. House according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that the joint plane (J) of the two lower elements (6, 7) is located above the level (N) of the upper floor ( P), the connection of these elements (6, 7) to each other by means of fixing members (9) accessible from inside the house. 10. House according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fixing of a facade frame (1) with a gable (5) is carried out by means of a vertical cleat (19) fixed on the external face of the end upright (12), this cleat (19) being embedded and screwed or nailed between two vertical uprights (52) provided in the pinion (5). 11. House according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pinion (5) has a part (5ʹ) projecting from the front (1), which takes the form of a hollow box whose side walls (57, 59) are connected to the end wall (58) by means of gaskets carpentry (8) whose section is shaped to provide the edges of these walls (57, 58, 59) with free spaces in the form of vertical grooves (8O).

Images