FR2595388A1 - WOODEN FRAME HOUSE - Google Patents

Abstract

THIS HOUSE INCLUDES AT LEAST ONE SELF-SUPPORTING FACADE INCLUDING A WOODEN FRAME 1 OF A SINGLE END, WHICH CONSISTS OF TWO HORIZONTAL BEAMS 10, 11 CONNECTED BY A SERIES OF EQUIDISTENT VERTICAL UPRIGHTS 12; THE FIXING OF THE ENDS OF THE UPRIGHTS 12 WITH THE BEAMS 10, 11 IS CARRIED OUT BY RECESSING AND SCREWING OR NAILING, THE LOWER BEAM 11 HAVING A LONGITUDINAL SLOT 110 WHICH IS SUITABLE TO BE POSITIONED AND FIXED ON A CONCRETE GROUND 2.

Description

The present invention relates to a frame house

in wood.

  Known wooden frame houses are made up of

  generally killed by a frame which is mounted on the site and which then receives prefabricated elements in the workshop, in particular filling panels for the facade and gables, doors and windows,

  as well as various other finishing and insulation elements

lation reported.

  Experience has shown that this kind of manufacturing process, partly on site and partly in the workshop, is not always satisfactory, since the assembly of added construction elements with those already in place is rarely done. correct and precise. In addition, due to the hybrid construction method, the various woods used are not

  not always of the same quality and behave differently

  ment in use, especially in the face of bad weather (inflates

  ment and different expansion) which often leads to deterioration of the construction, in particular deformations and cracks. Also note

  that this type of house is generally unattractive.

  The invention aims to solve these problems by proposing

  sant a wooden house whose construction of the prin-

  main parts, and in particular those of the facade, can be carried out entirely in the workshop, using identical wood, this construction being similar

that of a piece of furniture.

  Another objective of the invention is to propose a wooden house which can be assembled very quickly

  on site, even with the help of unskilled personnel

  trusted. Another objective of the invention is to provide a wooden house which has an aesthetic character and a very neat finish, while being priced at

is acceptable.

  Another objective of the invention is to provide a wooden frame house whose shape and layout can be freely adapted to taste and

to the needs of the buyer.

  Another objective of the invention is to propose a

  wooden frame house that resists aging well-

  and the effects of time (sun and bad weather).

  These results are achieved in accordance with the

  vention by the fact that the house has at least one self-supporting facade comprising a wooden frame in one piece which is composed of two horizontal beams connected by a series of equidistant vertical uprights,

  that fixing the ends of these uprights with the-

  said beams is made by embedding and screwing or nailing,

  and that the lower beam has a long groove

  gitudinal adapted to be positioned and fixed on

a concrete floor rail.

  Thus, the entire facade can be produced in the workshop, then transported after manufacture to the site, where it can be erected in a completely

made simple.

  Fixing the uprights with the horizontal beams-

  tales, which is made by embedding then by screwing or nailing, provides a particularly solid bond

  and lasting between these various elements.

  The spacing between the vertical uprights is

  tagging between 90 and 120 cm; the spacing can be chosen naturally according to the wishes of the buyer and the design of the house, in fact, this spacing determines the internal distribution of

  the house, as we will see later; a gap

  90 cm frame allows to fit between two uprights

a usual width door.

  The uprights and the beams advantageously have lateral recesses or rebates, which are adapted

  to receive by interlocking filling panels

  sage, glazing, doors or windows. The

  attachment to the wooden frame of some of these elements

  elements, and in particular filling panels, can be produced in the workshop, with all the precision desired. The central part of the vertical uprights, as well as the non-recessed parts of the horizontal beams, remaining visible after fitting of the elements of

  filling, the entire facade has a characteristic

remarkable aesthetic.

  Opposite the space receiving the door, the lower beam can be simply interconnected, in such a way that the threshold of the door is constituted by the

soil smooth in this place.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the house has a floor bar, or linoir, which

  is fixed at right angles to the upper beam, overflowing

  dant slightly relative to it towards the interior of the house; this linnor has notches which are used for embedding the ends of the joists supporting the floor; the end of

  joists can be simply fixed by nailing or screw-

wise at the linoir.

  The linoir and the joists are advantageously made of laminated wood, whose appearance contributes

  to the aesthetic effect of the interior design.

  According to another characteristic of the invention,

  the underside of the joists has a long groove

  gitudinal which is adapted to receive the upper part of an interior partition. Thus, the connection between the upper part of the partition and the joist is invisible, which improves the finish of this

  liaison. For edge joists, this groove is replaced

  placed by a rebate receiving the upper part

  of the inner covering which covers the adjacent pinion.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gables are formed from several horizontal elements which are each constituted by a wooden frame comprising equidistant vertical uprights, these elements being erected vertically and fixed to one another. Thus, the wooden frames constituting the gables are produced in a similar manner to the facade frames, their assembly being carried out in the workshop. These elements are advantageously coated with an external cladding, a first insulation, and a film

  rain shields also installed in the workshop.

  According to an interesting characteristic of the invention

  tion, the joint plane of the two lower gable elements is located above the level of the storey floor, and the connection of these elements to one another is by means of fixing members, for example bolts

  which are accessible from inside the house.

  We understand that thanks to this arrangement, it is first possible to fix the lower parts of the gables to the facades, then to install the joists and possibly

  the first floor, so as to constitute a ground floor

  pavement with high mechanical resistance; we can then erect the upper part of the gables, from inside the house, using the joists (or the floor

  floor) as scaffolding, which facilitates considerable

  the work of construction workers.

  The fixing of a front frame with a pinion can be carried out in a particularly simple and effective manner by means of a vertical cleat which is fixed on the external face of the end upright of the front frame; this cleat is embedded and screwed or nailed between two vertical uprights provided for this purpose in

the pinion.

  In a particularly aesthetic embodiment, the gable has a portion projecting from the facade, which accommodates the

  rainwater descents; in this case, according to the invention

  tion, this overhanging part assumes the shape of a hollow box whose side walls are connected to the end wall by means of joinery joints whose section is shaped to provide free spaces in the shape of the edges vertical grooves; these relatively grooves

  large allow relative play, especially following dilata-

  different walls and prevent the

  dust and mold will not settle at the joints

tures of these walls.

  Other features and advantages of the invention

  tion will appear from the description and the drawings

  annexed which present a preferred embodiment thereof-

profitable.

On these drawings -

  - Figure 1 is a front view of a facade frame according to the invention, placed on a floor rail; - Figure 2 is a side view cut by the vertical plane II-II of Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, on a larger scale, showing a glazing element placed on the frame; FIG. 4 is a top view, cut by a horizontal plane, of a part of the front chassis,

  on which certain elements of rem-

  pleating or finishing; - Figure 5 is a sectional view showing the mounting detail of the floor joists on the upper beam of the facade frame, via a floor smooth, or linoir; - Figures 6 and 7 are sectional views corresponding to cross-sections VI, respectively VII of Figure 5; - Figure 7a is a view similar to Figure 7, which shows an edge joist (attached to a gable) - Figure 8 shows a finished facade equipped with a frame according to the invention; - Figure 9 shows, seen from the inside, a

  gable intended to equip a house in accordance with the invention

  tion; - Figure 10 is a view from the outside of one of the three horizontal elements making up the pinion of Figure 9; - Figure 11 is a schematic half-view at the end of a house, intended to show the part projecting from the gable with respect to the facade; - Figure 12 is a top view, cut by a horizontal plane, intended to show the connection of a facade with a gable, as well as the structure of the projecting part of this gable; - Figure 13 is a detail of Figure 12 showing, on a larger scale, the joint of laison of

walls of the overhanging part.

  As seen in Figure 1, the wooden frame, designated by 1, intended to constitute the framework of the

  facade of the house, is composed of two horizontal beams

  zontales 10, 11, which are connected by vertical uprights

  tical 12; all of these components are made of solid wood; the wood chosen must be a good quality wood, weather resistant and of great dimensional stability, for example a wood of the type

  known as "western red cedar".

  The lower face of the upper beam 10 and the upper face of the lower beam 11 have equidistant notches (10a, 11a), intended to receive by interlocking the ends of the uprights 12; the fixing of these elements is ensured by screwing or nailing, preferably

  through an elastomeric seal.

  The distance separating the uprights 12 from each other has been designated by d; this distance is preferably between 90

  and 120 cm. The thickness f of the chassis is of the order of 15 to 30 cm.

  The lower face of the lower beam 11 has a longitudinal groove, with a horizontal bottom, extending over the entire length of this beam; on the front face of the frame, directed towards the outside of the house (to the left in FIG. 2), the underside of the lower beam 11 also has a second groove 111, of small width, forming a drop of water.

  In accordance with the invention, the chassis 1 is manufactured

  entirely in the workshop, and is delivered in one

  taking place on the site where the house must be erected.

  The height K of the chassis must naturally be compared

  tible with road transport regulations, so as to allow the transportation of this chassis to the site; the height K will therefore be

preferably less than 2.40 m.

  As can be seen more particularly in FIG. 2, the frame 1 is mounted on a concrete rail 2 which is itself formed on a base 21 intended to support the house. The heddle 2 has for example a square or rectangular section, and is positioned in the groove 110 of the lower beam 11; the chassis 1 is fixed to the concrete rail 2 is ensured by means of members

  suitable fasteners 20, for example expandable dowels.

  As can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, the empty spaces between the uprights 12 and the beams 10 and 11 are intended to receive filling elements, such as panels or glazing

  for example. To this end, the lateral edges of the

  tants 12 have rebates 120; similarly, the lower edge of the beam 10 and the upper edge of the poQutre 11 have rebates or countersinks 100, respectively 112; these rebates form

  receiving seats for filling elements.

  Thus, in Figures 3 and 4, there is shown a double glazing 13, which is placed in the space between two neighboring uprights 12; this glazing is held in abutment against the rebates 100, 120, 112, by means of a retaining frame, or

glazing bead 14.

  In FIG. 4, it can be seen that the space close to that receiving the glazing 13 is a full space, which

  includes two wooden filler panels, opposite

  veneered or agglomerated 151, 153; these two panels are also placed in appropriate rebates formed this time on the two sides of the chassis; the two panels 151, 153 trap an insulating material 152;

  the outer panel 151 is covered with cladding-

, for example of paneling.

  The assembly of the elements added to the chassis 1 is preferably done externally by nailing,

  bonding and elastomeric seal under glazing bead and interior-

  by screwing (removable panel).

  As seen in Figure 3, the fact that the wooden frame 1 rests on a concrete rail 2, makes this frame is raised relative to the rest of the ground, and its lower part is therefore sheltered

  runoff at ground level.

  Furthermore, the outer groove 111 also prevents the runoff water which could be on the front face 113 of the lower beam from passing inside the house, this groove serving for the capture of these waters. Finally, note that the entire carpentry frame 1 remains perfectly visible both from the outside and

  from inside the house, which greatly increases

  the aesthetic character.

  In Figure 5, the mounting method is illustrated

  of the storey floor on a front frame 1.

  On the internal upper edge of the upper beam

  re 10 of this chassis, is mounted a smooth floor, or linçoir 3; this linearer has a rectangular section, higher than wide, placed at right angles to the beam, so that it projects slightly towards

  inside the house (to the left of Figure 5).

  The fastener 3 on the beam 10 is fixed by means of metal plates

in L 30, by nailing or screwing.

  The line 3 is preferably made of glued laminated wood. On its internal vertical face, it comprises a series of vertical notches 31, which do not open completely over the entire height of this linocator; these notches are intended to receive the ends in

  stud shape, of a series of 4 type joists

additional, receiving floor P.

  The joists 4 are also preferably made of

  rence in glued laminated wood; fixing the ends of the joists 4 with the liner 3 is completed by screws

  32 or similar fasteners.

  Thanks to this construction, the connection of the joists 4 with the front frame 10 is done in a very discreet manner, and the assembly seen from the interior of the finished house is pleasing to the eye. As seen more particularly in the figure

  7, the underside of the joists 4, or at least some

  taines joists, has a groove 40 which is intended to receive the upper part of an inner partition C; an invisible connection is thus obtained between

  the partition and the joist which overhangs it.

  The internal partitioning of the house can therefore be chosen preferably taking into account the location

joists, or vice versa.

  Similarly, as seen in the figure

  7a, the edge joists 4 '- adjacent to a gable 5 -

  have a rebate 40 'receiving the upper edge

  of the internal coating 54 of this pinion.

  We have represented in strong mixed lines, and designated by the reference T, the frame and the roof which will be fixed later on the facade of the house, with a reinforcement on the floor P. The frame and the roof, which are not part strictly speaking of this

  invention can be of the traditional type.

  According to an important characteristic, the mutual spacing and the positioning of the joists 4 corresponds to that of the vertical uprights 12 of the chassis; thus the floor is perfectly supported by the chassis of

  façade, which plays a full role.

  In Figure 8, there is shown an example of a finished facade made from a frame of the coming type.

  to be described, this chassis being fixed between two pinions 5.

  In this exemplary embodiment, the facade comprises a window 13a with tilting frame, a sill 16a, a fixed panel 16, a transparent glazing with fixed frame 13, an entry door 15, a frame opening with 1 1 bellows 13b, a light under chassis 16b, and a fixed panel 17; the wooden panels can be covered with an appropriate external covering, in particular with paneling, as is the case for panels 16a and 17; this paneling for example also made of wood

"red cedar".

  The separation between the opening frames 13a, 13b and the corresponding lighter panels 16a, 16b, is carried out by means of horizontal crosspieces

  18a and 18b which connect the corresponding uprights 12.

  Note that at the location of the door 15, the lower beam 11 is interrupted by cutouts 114, so that the threshold 22 of this door is simply constituted by the concrete floor rail 2 located at this location . On the other hand, the door can be mounted directly in the space between the uprights 12, without an intermediate frame, the

  door hinge pins can be direct-

  ment fixed on one of the uprights 12.

  This front door is preferably covered

  also a paneling in "red cedar".

  To avoid deformation of the front frame 1

  during its transport, due to the existence of

  cuts 114, it is possible to provide at this level the installation of a wooden slat forming a spacer, this slat being removed after the delivery of the chassis. Note in this figure 8 the arrangement and location of the joists 4, as well as their mounting

  on the liniser 3 by means of nailed fittings 30.

  The pinion 5 shown in Figure 9 consists of three horizontal elements designated by the references

6, 7 and 8.

  Each of these elements is a wooden frame, which includes equidistant vertical uprights respectively designated by the references 62, 72, 82, serving as support for the future interior covering. These elements are braced, for example by metal strips

65, 75, 85.

  The lower element 6 consists of two horizontal beams 60, 61 connected by these uprights 62; it also includes two inclined end beams

  63, corresponding to the beginning of the roof.

  The intermediate element 7 comprises two horizontal beams 70, 71 connected by the uprights 72, thus

  that two inclined beams 73 corresponding to the roof.

  The upper element 8 comprises a horizontal lower beam 81 but does not include an upper beam, only inclined beams 83 corresponding to the top of the roof being connected to the lower beam 81

by the amounts 82.

  These three gable elements advantageously have the same height H. They are fixed to each other by fixing members 9, for example bolts which are accessible from inside the house, these bolts serving to retain one against the other the upper beam of one of the elements with the lower beam

  of the item above it.

  The lower beam 61 of the lower element is advantageously fixed to a rail of concrete floor, in the same way as the lower beam of the chassis

of facade.

  The distance e between the equidistant amounts 62

  is for example of the order of 60 cm.

  According to an important characteristic of the invention, the joint plane J between the two lower elements 6 and 7 is located above the level N of the floor

  floor and is used to fix the plinths.

  As already explained above, this arrangement

tion facilitates the mounting of the pinion.

  Figure 10 shows one of the

  gable elements, in this case the intermediate element

  diary 7; the external face of this element is covered with wooden cladding, preferably also in "red cedar". In Figure 11, an example of

  realization of a wooden house in accordance with the invention

  tion, in which one of the pinions 5 has a part 5 ′ which is projecting from the

front 1.

  Figure 12 shows the fixing of the front frame 1 with this gable, as well as the structure of the

5 'overhang.

  The end upright 12 of the chassis 1 is provided with a vertical cleat 19 fixed for example by screwing or nailing on this upright. In the place provided to receive the edge of facade 1, the wooden frame

  constituting the pinion 5 comprises two vertical uprights

  wedges 52 whose spacing corresponds to the width of the cleat 19; this cleat is embedded between the uprights 52, so that the uprights 12 come in

support against their internal faces.

  The fixing of the uprights 52 to the cleat 19 is

  provided by lateral nailing or screwing 190.

  It will be noted that the pinion frame 5 receives

  finishing and insulation materials, which are mainly

  palement, in the direction from outside to inside: - cladding 57 in wood "red cedar" which is placed on struts 56, a panel 53 of rigid and insulating material, a rain barrier film 530, - a filling and insulating material 55, for example based on rock wool, - an interior covering 54 such as, for example,

  the coating known under the trade name "plasterboard".

  The overhanging gable part 5 'is composed of: - the outer side, by the extension of the insulating plate 53 and the cladding 57; - "at the end" 'a vertical board 58,

  - on the facade side, 59 cladding.

  It will be noted that these panels 59, 58, as well as the cladding 57, are fixed, preferably by nailing, on vertical uprights 52, by means of

  corner joints 8; as we see more particular-

  ment in Figure 13, these joints have a section cut in such a way that the edges of the panels 57, 58, 59 do not come to bear against these joints, but on the contrary that there remains a spacing in the form of a vertical groove 80 to this level; this groove, of

  not inconsiderable width, prevents dust, mold

  sure, or other dirt, do not lodge in this place, risking damaging the walls of this part overhanging 5 '; indeed, the runoff of rainwater in these grooves automatically achieves their

periodic cleaning.

  It goes without saying that we would not go beyond the scope of the invention by proposing variants of the mode of

  preferential realization which has just been described.

  For example, we could design a pinion formed only of two horizontal elements (instead of three). It would be possible, after mounting a pinion, to cut over the entire height of this pinion, the horizontal beams located in the space between two neighboring uprights, then to embed in this space thus freed, a frame comprising doors, windows, and / or other fillers,

  or even a future extension of the house (without

question the structure).

Claims (12)

  1. Wooden frame house, characterized in that it comprises at least one self-supporting facade comprising a wooden frame (1) in one piece which is composed of two horizontal beams (10, 11) connected by a series equidistant vertical uprights (12), that fixing the ends of these uprights (12)   with said beams (10, 11) is made by embedding-   ment and screwing or nailing, and that the lower beam (11) has a horizontal groove (110) adapted to be   positioned and fixed on a concrete floor rail (2).   2. House according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing (d) between the uprights   (12) is between 90 and 120 cm.   3. House according to one of claims 1 or 2,   characterized in that the uprights (12) and the beams (10, 11) have lateral rebates (120; 100, 112) adapted to receive by interlocking filler panels (16), glazings (13),   doors (15) or windows (13a, 13b).   4. House according to claim 3, characterized in that the lower beam (11) has a cutout (114) placed opposite the door (15), the threshold (22) of the latter being constituted by the   floor rail (2) located at this location.   5. House according to one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized by the fact that it comprises a linearizer (3) which is fixed at right angles to the upper beam (10), projecting slightly relative to the latter towards the interior of the house, and which has notches   (31) used for embedding the joists (4).   6. House according to claim 5, characterized in that the linnor (3) and the joists (4) are   made of glued laminated wood.   7. House according to one of claims 5 or 6,   characterized in that the underside of the joists (4) has a longitudinal groove (40) or a rebate (40 ') adapted to receive the upper part   an interior partition (C) or a gable covering (54).   8. House according to one of claims 1 to 7,   characterized by the fact that its pinions are formed from several horizontal elements (6, 7, 8) constituted by a wooden frame comprising equidistant vertical uprights (62, 72, 82), these elements being erected   vertically and fixed to each other.   9. House according to claim 8, characterized in that said elements (6, 7, 8) are coated exterior cladding (57, 74).   10. House according to one of claims 8 or 9,   characterized by the fact that the joint plane (J) of the two lower elements (6, 7) is located above the level (N) of the storey floor (P), the connection of these elements (6, 7) between them by means of fixing members (9) accessible from the inside of the House.   11. House according to one of claims 1 to 10,   characterized by the fact that the fixing of a chassis   facade (1) with a pinion (5) is produced by the   end of a vertical cleat (19) fixed on the face   outer end post (12), this cleat (19) -   being recessed and screwed or nailed between two uprights   vertical (52) provided in the pinion (5).   12. House according to one of claims 1 to 11,   characterized in that the pinion (5) has a part (5 '). protruding from the facade (1), which takes the form of a hollow box whose side walls (57, 59) are connected to the end wall (58) by means of joinery joints (8) whose section is shaped to provide free edges in the shape of the edges of these walls (57, 58, 59) vertical grooves (80).