EP0214964A1 - Systeme de haut-parleurs - Google Patents

Systeme de haut-parleurs

Info

Publication number
EP0214964A1
EP0214964A1 EP85901654A EP85901654A EP0214964A1 EP 0214964 A1 EP0214964 A1 EP 0214964A1 EP 85901654 A EP85901654 A EP 85901654A EP 85901654 A EP85901654 A EP 85901654A EP 0214964 A1 EP0214964 A1 EP 0214964A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
anchorage
rigid
rigid units
stable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85901654A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Leo KOPPELOMÄKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KOPPELOMAEKI, LEO
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0214964A1 publication Critical patent/EP0214964A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • B60R11/0217—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for loud-speakers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
    • B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
    • B60R2011/0028—Ceiling, e.g. roof rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
    • B60R2011/0043—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for integrated articles, i.e. not substantially protruding from the surrounding parts
    • B60R2011/0045—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for integrated articles, i.e. not substantially protruding from the surrounding parts with visible part, e.g. flush mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
    • B60R2011/008—Adjustable or movable supports
    • B60R2011/0084—Adjustable or movable supports with adjustment by linear movement in their operational position

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a loudspeaker system which is intended for use in vehicles, is elongate and designed so as to be mounted in the inner roof of the vehicle, transversely in relation to the direction of travel of the vehicle, and which is primarily intended for steroephonic sound reproduction.
  • loudspeaker system which is designed as an elongate arc, which has an upper side connected to the inner roof of the vehicle and has downwardly directed anchorage lugs which are intended for maintaining the loudspeaker arc in the longitudinal beams which, as a rule, are to be found in the region between the roof of the vehicle and its side walls.
  • a loudspeaker arc is, generally, equipped with loud ⁇ speakers for stereophonic sound reproduction.
  • the above-described prior art loudspeakers are disclosed in Swedish Patent Specification 7603422-2 and are, in practice, produced by the vacuum forming of a plastics material.
  • the plastics material employed must be of same considerable thickness, which entails, in practice, that the anchorage lugs directed downwardly from the loudspeaker arc can only be employed with ex ⁇ treme difficulty (considerable risk for crack formation) in many vehicles in which there are tight radii of curvature in the area of transition be- tween the inner roof of the vehicle and its side walls.
  • the prior art loudspeaker arcs are of one-piece construction, which entails that, generally speaking, they must be specially adapted to each individual vehicle model. It is easy to understand that this involves considerable problems not only as regards tool costs and storage, but also as regards transport, because of the size of the loudspeaker arcs.
  • the object of the present invention is to realise a loudspeaker system which makes full use of the great advantages of the above-mentioned loud ⁇ speaker arc, as regards sound reproduction, but which is designed in such a manner as to obviate prior art drawbacks.
  • the loudspea- ker system which is designed so as to be connceted, with its upper face, to the inner roof of the vehicle on mounting with the longitudinal direction transverse in relation to the direction of travel of the vehicle, and is provided with at least two loudspeakers and anchorage portions for anchorage of the loudspeaker system to an anchorage member in opposing transitional regions between the side walls and roof of the vehicle, the invention being characterized in that the loudspeaker system has, at its both ends, a sub ⁇ stantially rigid and enclosed unit with at least one loudspeaker and an anchorageportion in one end; and that both of the ends of the rigid unit turned to face away from the anchorage portions are interconnected by the intermediary of an interjacent portion of adaptable length.
  • the interjacent portion comprises at least one form-stable portion which is telescopically connec- ted to both of the rigid units, and one forming member which, at least downwardly, covers the form-stable portion and with its ends substantially continuously connects with both of the rigid units.
  • the form-stable portion is of rod or tubular configuration and that it is accomodated, at its ends, in corresponding openings in the rigid units, and that the forming member is manufactured of a semi-hard, resiliently yieldable material and is of approximately uniform cross section throughout its length.
  • a modified embodiment of the present invention is suitably characterized in that the form-stable portion is in the form of a plate which, with oppo ⁇ sing end portions, is accommodated in corresponding openings in the rigid units, and is fixable therein by means of snap or pushing connections; and that the forming member is manufactured of a semi-hard, resiliently yield- 10 able material and is of approximately uniform cross section throughout its length.
  • both of the anchorage portions enjoy considerable flexibility so as to permit configuration adaptation.
  • Fig 1 illustrates the right-hand half of the subject matter of the present invention, seen in the direction of travel of the vehicle,
  • Fig 2 shows, in a corresponding view to that of fig 1, the subject matter of the present invention with an interjacent portion dismantled, 30
  • Fig 3 is a cross section through the subject matter of the ⁇ present invention, taken substantially along the sentional marking A-A in fig 4,
  • Fig 4 is a cross section through the subject matter of the present invention, 35 taken substantially slang the sectional marking B-B in fig 3,
  • Fig 5 is a cross section through the subject matter of the present invention, taken substantially along the sectional marking C-C in fig 3.
  • the invention comprises a unit 1 which is disposed at each end, is substantially rigid and enclosed, this unit having, at its one end, an anchorage portion 2 and, at its other end, being connected to an interjacent portion 3.
  • this joint region between this rigid unit 1 and the interjacent portion 3 may, for aesthetic reasons, be concealed by a masking portion 4.
  • the left-hand portion of the interjacent portion 3 (not shown on the Drawings) connects with a further rigid unit which is in mirror-reverse relationship to the unit shown on the Drawing, so that, thereby, the loudspeaker system will be symmetric about a vertical plane in the centre line of vehicle and paral ⁇ lel to its direction of travel.
  • the loudspeaker system has, in each one of the rigid units 1, at least one, but preferably two, and possibly more loudspeakers, a base and middle register unit 5 being, there, illustrated by ghosted lines in Fig 1.
  • the reference numeral 6 intima ⁇ tes a descant unit mounted in the rigid unit 1.
  • the vehicle roofs in which the subject matter of the present invention is to be mounted are, as a rule, of approximately the same radius of curvature or arching along at least the central portion, while, on the other hand, the transition regions between the vehicle roof and its side walls may vary widely as regards arching and other appearance.
  • This entails that the upper face 7 of both of the rigid units 1 may be given a gently arched configura- tion which constitutes a type of "average arching" which can be fitted to a very large number of different vehicle roofs, on condition that the anchor ⁇ age portions may be readily adaptable.
  • adaptation of the inter ⁇ jacent portion 3 may also be necessary to some extent, as regards its curva ⁇ ture or arching.
  • the upper contour 7 of the total body of the loudspeaker system may be considered as composed of three different physical extends, in which the two outer extents are the upper contours of the two rigid units 1 which have a fixed arching, while the central extent, as will be more readily apparent below, may be arched in a manner which is adapted to meet the contours of the vehicle model in question and whose length may, moreover, be variable.
  • the interjacent portion 3 is slightly flexible without necessarily being so easily deformable that the secure retention and upward urging of the loudspeaker system towards the vehicle roof is jeopardised when both of the anchorage portions are fixed in the transitio- nal regions between the vehicle roof and its side walls.
  • the inter ⁇ jacent portion 3 is sufficiently rigid to allow for the louespeaker system to be urged up into tight abutment against the vehicle roof without the need of other anchorage points than those as are provided in the anchorage por ⁇ tions 2.
  • this portion compri ⁇ ses, as will be apparent from Fig 2, at least ne, but preferably two rods or tubes 8 which are telescopically accommodated in sleeves 9 extending out from the rigid units 1.
  • the sleeves 9 are suitably provided with stop screws 10 so that the rod or rods may thereby be positionally fixed in the sleeves.
  • FIG. 3 A somewhat modified embodiment of the anchorage of the rods 8 in the rigid units 1 is apparent from Fig 3 which demonstrates that the stop screws 10 are placed interiorly in the rigid units 1 and that they are accessible through an opening 11 in the underface 12 of the rigid unit.
  • the rigid units should, as far as possible, be enclosed, in order thereby to make for superior sound quality.
  • This entails that the passage of the sleeves 9 through the end wall 13 of the rigid units should suitably be fully sealed, as should also suitably be the case with the inner end of the sleeves 9 so that these are closed by means of an end- piece 14.
  • Positional fixing of the inner end of the sleeves 9 may be effec ⁇ ted in a number of different ways, for example by welding, if the material in the rigid units is of sheet metal.
  • the interjacent portion, apart from the two rods or tubes 8, also includes a forming member 15 which may be suitably manufactured of semi-hard foam plastic.
  • the forming member 15 should be of a cross sectional configuration (see Fig 5) which as closely as possible approximates the cross sectional configuration of the two rigid units and should, for purposes of simplicity in manufacture, be of essentially constant cross sectional configuration throughout their entire length.
  • the forming member is suitably provided with longitudinal recesses 16 which may be likened to T- grooves.
  • a masking portion 4 which ex ⁇ tends in over immediately adjacent end regions of the interjacent portion and the rigid unit.
  • this is suitably pro ⁇ vided with arms directed towards the roof of the vehicle, the arms being provided with holes for the passage of the rods or tubes 8.
  • the arms 17 may be provided, at their ends pointing towards the roof of the vehicle, with hooks or catches which cooperate with the rods 8, the ends of the sleeves 9 or some specially provided member on the rigid units for anchoring the masking portion 4.
  • the two rods or tubes 8 shown on the drawings may alternatively be substituted by other numbers, for example two, three or possibly more.
  • a further conceivable alternative is also the employment of a single tube or rod, its cross section being suitably non-rotation symmetrical.
  • an elongate plate be employed, it preferably being produced of metal and being insertible in the rigid units through openings in their end walls 13. Positional fixation of the plate in each ⁇ f the rigid units may be realized either by the use of screw connections or by the use of snap or push-in connections. As an example of one such connection, it might be mentioned that the plate may suitably be provided with a series of holes in each end which extend trans ⁇ versely of the direction of travel of the vehicle and in which a fixed pro ⁇ jection disposed in the rigid unit 1 is insertible in any optional hole in the series, so that the protrusion of the plate outside the rigid unit may be varied.
  • a plate ' used in this manner is curved slightly more than is necessary in order that the upper face of the loudspeaker system can connect to the inner roof of the vehicle, and if the plate is made of a slightly yieldable mate- rial, this will attain a satisfactory degree of reliability to ensure that the loudspeaker system is urged securely against the inner roof of the ve ⁇ hicle when its two anchorage portions are positionally fixed upwardly urged as far as possible at the transitional region between the vehicle roof and its side.
  • the entire loudspeaker system will only be exposed to pressure loadings, i e pressure loadings in the jointing between the rigid units and the interjacent portion and also pressure loadings against the two anchorage portions 2.
  • the two rigid units may suitably be manufactured of sheet metal material, where the side walls 18, underface 12 ' and end wall 13 are of one-piece manufacture, which may suitably be slightly flared at the connection to the upper face 7.
  • the joint between these two parts is suitably effected by welding, whereafter projecting residual material is cut approximately in the middle of the weld, so as thereby to obtain an even edge for the loudspeaker system.
  • both of the an ⁇ chorage portions 2 should be produced in the same piece as the underface 12 and consist of the same sheet metal material so that, thereby, the ancorage portions will be manifestly flexible so that they may readily be formed, without the risk of crack formation, fracture or other damage, to follow the contour 21 of the transitional region between the side walls of the vehicle and its inner roof.
  • the upper face 7 of the rigid units is, here, suitably welded to the anchorage portions 2 and the underface 12 in the region as shown by the arrow 20 (see Fig 1).
  • the masking portion 4 may, naturally, also be provided with snap members which extend in through the openings provided in the underface 12 and which moreover serve the pur ⁇ poseof rendering the screw 10 accessible.
  • both of the rigid units have their upper face 7 arched in a manner which makes for fitting configuration ' with a very large number of vehicle roofs. This is possible int al in that the extent of the rigid unit in the width direction of the vehicle is relatively slight and in many vehicle models does not amount to more than a third of the inner width of the vehicle.
  • the interjacent p ⁇ r- tion 3 is slightly flexible or deformable quite simply in that the two rods 8 or the plate can be bent by hand in conjunction with mounting of the loud ⁇ speaker system. Since, moreover, the forming member 15 is made of a resili ⁇ ently yieldable material, this may be adapted to the design of the rods 8 or the plate without any problems whatsoever.
  • the rods 8 or the plate may be shifted varying distances into the sleeves 9 in the " rigid unit, whereby the total length of the loudspeaker system may be adapted exactly to meet the vehicle roof in question.
  • the forming member 15 were to prove to be too long, it can, in cer ⁇ tain cases, be compressed so that it, despite an inconsiderable excess length, may be placed on the rods.
  • the forming member may, naturally, quite simply be shortened by being cut, sawn or severed in any other manner.
  • the two anchorage portions 2 are made of a flexible material, for example, sheet metal, these may also be very simply shaped so that they closely approximate the contour of the transitional re ⁇ gion between the roof of the vehicle and its side walls.
  • the two rigid units may also, naturally, be produced in plastics, for example by injection moulding, vacuum moulding or in any other suitable manner.
  • the downwardly visible part of the interjacent portion 3 may be manufactured in one piece with the underface 12 of the two rigid units, the interjacent por- tion in this embodiment being designed as a folded bellows so that its length may thereby be adapted to meet particular needs.
  • the interjacent portion may, naturally, also be bent as required, rods 8 or a plate being, however, necessary to provide the subject matter of the pre- sent invention with the requisite strength.
  • interjacent portion 3 could be separate from the rigid units and composed of bellows shaped, somewhat compressible sections which are selected and combined so that the interjacent portion is given the intended length. Such sections are provided with snap connections for connecting them together and for fastening them on the rods 8.
  • the anchorage portions 2 may suitably be manufactured as separate units, preferably of sheet metal, which are insertible in slot-shaped mountings in the rigid units and are lockable therein suitably by means of snap connec- ' tions.
  • the anchorage portions 2 may suitably be manufactured as separate units, preferably of sheet metal, which are insertible in slot-shaped mountings in the rigid units and are lockable therein suitably by means of snap connec- ' tions.
  • the inner roof of the vehicles has approximately the same shape and curvature. In practice this could be considered as true provided the inner roof is soft. In such cases, however, where the roof is hard it will be necessary, for aesthetic reasons, to have a more snug fit between the upper side of the loudspeaker and the roof.
  • a contact strip fasten on the top side of the loudspeaker along the longitudinal side edges thereof. Such a contact strip should, of course, not extend down on the two anchorage portions 2 as those are flexible.
  • the contact strips should be made of plastic or another resilient material and should be easily deformable so as not to press the loudspeaker down too much from the roof.
  • the contact strips could be shaped as tubes, folded bellows or could be made from a foamy material. If the rigid units 1 are made from plastic the contact strips are suitably made integral with the longitudinal side walls of the rigid units.
  • the contact strips from a harder material and then, when mounting the loudspeaker on the roof, remove certain portions so that the contact strips will have a shape closely following the shape of the roof.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Système de haut-parleurs pour véhicule conçu comme un arc et monté dans le véhicule transversalement par rapport à la direction de déplacement du véhicule, si bien que la face supérieure (7) est raccordée au toit intérieur du véhicule. Le système de haut-parleurs est doté d'au moins deux haut-parleurs (5) et, à ses extrémités, de parties d'ancrage (2) dirigées vers le bas et vissées en place dans les régions de transition entre le toit du véhicule et les parois. Conformément à la présente invention, le système de haut-parleurs est doté de parties terminales rigides et renfermées (1) avec les haut-parleurs (5) et les parties d'ancrage (2). Entre les parties terminales est disposée une partie de réglage en longueur formée d'une partie de forme stable (8) coopérant télescopiquement avec les parties terminales, ainsi qu'un élément de formage (3) recouvrant la partie de forme stable et se connectant à ses extrémités continuellement aux parties terminales (1). La partie de forme stable (8) est un cube ou une tige, alors que l'élément de formage se compose de matériau semi-dur de section transversale approximativement uniforme sur toute sa longueur. Après réglage en longueur de la partie de forme stable par rapport aux parties terminales, celle-ci est découpée à la longueur prévue.
EP85901654A 1984-04-25 1985-03-29 Systeme de haut-parleurs Withdrawn EP0214964A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8402256A SE442805B (sv) 1984-04-25 1984-04-25 Hogtalaranordning for montering i ett fordon
SE8402256 1984-04-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0214964A1 true EP0214964A1 (fr) 1987-03-25

Family

ID=20355669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901654A Withdrawn EP0214964A1 (fr) 1984-04-25 1985-03-29 Systeme de haut-parleurs

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4673056A (fr)
EP (1) EP0214964A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61501975A (fr)
AU (1) AU571817B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1227436A (fr)
DE (3) DE8590053U1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2183962B (fr)
NL (1) NL8520073A (fr)
SE (1) SE442805B (fr)
WO (1) WO1985005004A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (20)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE8603697L (sv) * 1986-09-03 1988-03-04 Leo Koppelomeki Hallare
DE4015376A1 (de) * 1990-05-12 1991-11-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Vorrichtung zur aufnahme von lautsprechern, bedienungselementen oder dergleichen im innenraum eines kraftfahrzeugs
US5094316A (en) * 1990-09-18 1992-03-10 Top Source, Inc. Overhead speaker system for use in vehicles
DE4413626A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-10 Top Source Technologies Inc Gehäuse für Überkopf-Lautsprecher in Kraftfahrzeugen
US5754664A (en) * 1993-09-09 1998-05-19 Prince Corporation Vehicle audio system
DE4344618A1 (de) * 1993-12-24 1995-06-29 Nokia Deutschland Gmbh Doppelkammer-Baßreflexbox
US5646381A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-07-08 Top Source Technologies Roof mounted sound horns for vehicles
US5901231A (en) 1995-09-25 1999-05-04 Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. Piezo speaker for improved passenger cabin audio systems
US6076885A (en) * 1996-02-20 2000-06-20 Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Speaker support bar for use above vehicle headliner
US5920039A (en) * 1996-02-20 1999-07-06 United Technologies Automotive, Inc. Speaker support bar and sound chamber above vehicle headliner
AU678132B3 (en) * 1996-12-24 1997-05-15 Mile Vlaski Loudspeaker mounting apparatus
US5979590A (en) * 1998-04-20 1999-11-09 Top Source Automotive, Inc. Sound bar assembly for motor vehicles
US6555042B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2003-04-29 Lear Corporation Method of making a vehicle headliner assembly with integral speakers
US6181797B1 (en) 1999-01-09 2001-01-30 Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. Piezo speaker for improved passenger cabin audio systems
DE10220536C1 (de) * 2002-05-08 2003-08-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Lautsprecheranordnung mit einem Schaumformteil
US7218745B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2007-05-15 Lear Corporation Headliner transducer covers
FR2872752A1 (fr) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-13 Sarl Franck Verove Sarl Systeme de support d'un element multimedia dans un vehicule
JP2007022126A (ja) * 2005-07-12 2007-02-01 Beat Sonic:Kk ピラーカバー
US9469254B1 (en) 2013-02-14 2016-10-18 Wet Sounds, Inc. Speaker systems for off-road vehicles, ATVs, UTVs, watercraft, and motorcycles
US9462385B2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2016-10-04 Jvis-Usa, Llc Speaker system such as a sound bar assembly having improved sound quality

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US1732451A (en) * 1928-12-05 1929-10-22 Walters Herbert Radio installation for moving vehicles
US3268229A (en) * 1963-11-04 1966-08-23 Gen Electric Portable phonograph
DE1487350A1 (de) * 1965-05-24 1969-03-20 Ltv Ling Altec Inc Schwingungssystem
US3847316A (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-11-12 R Mcinnes Rooftop tape storage rack
US4056165A (en) * 1973-12-29 1977-11-01 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Sound reproducing apparatus in the inside of a car
JPS5349134Y2 (fr) * 1974-11-26 1978-11-25
SE400875B (sv) * 1976-03-19 1978-04-10 Persson Per Hogtalaranordning for fordon
US4100372A (en) * 1976-06-25 1978-07-11 Louis Hypolite Audio console system for home and vehicle
JPS56125192A (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-10-01 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Tape recorder for stereo
DE3028985A1 (de) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-25 Alois Mack Lautsprecher fuer kraftfahrzeuge mit einem gehaeuse, welches im inneren des fahrzeuges befestigt ist

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8505004A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8590053U1 (de) 1987-05-21
CA1227436A (fr) 1987-09-29
WO1985005004A1 (fr) 1985-11-07
SE8402256D0 (sv) 1984-04-25
GB8625453D0 (en) 1986-11-26
SE442805B (sv) 1986-01-27
AU4214985A (en) 1985-11-15
DE3590179T (fr) 1987-03-12
US4673056A (en) 1987-06-16
NL8520073A (nl) 1987-01-02
DE3590179C2 (fr) 1989-05-24
GB2183962A (en) 1987-06-10
AU571817B2 (en) 1988-04-21
GB2183962B (en) 1988-09-28
SE8402256L (sv) 1985-10-26
JPS61501975A (ja) 1986-09-11

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