EP0184140A2 - Four à arc - Google Patents

Four à arc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0184140A2
EP0184140A2 EP85115111A EP85115111A EP0184140A2 EP 0184140 A2 EP0184140 A2 EP 0184140A2 EP 85115111 A EP85115111 A EP 85115111A EP 85115111 A EP85115111 A EP 85115111A EP 0184140 A2 EP0184140 A2 EP 0184140A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
support arm
electrode support
arc furnace
current conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85115111A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0184140A3 (en
EP0184140B1 (fr
EP0184140B2 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Ehle
Klaus Prof. Dr. Ing. Timm
Heinz-Fried Dipl.-Ing. Ahlers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25826929&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0184140(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19843443574 external-priority patent/DE3443574A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19853516940 external-priority patent/DE3516940C3/de
Application filed by Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH filed Critical Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH
Priority to AT85115111T priority Critical patent/ATE48059T1/de
Publication of EP0184140A2 publication Critical patent/EP0184140A2/fr
Publication of EP0184140A3 publication Critical patent/EP0184140A3/de
Publication of EP0184140B1 publication Critical patent/EP0184140B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0184140B2 publication Critical patent/EP0184140B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/11—Arrangements for conducting current to the electrode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/10—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
    • H05B7/103—Mountings, supports or terminals with jaws

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arc furnace with at least one electrode support arm according to the preamble of claim 1 or according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • the current is supplied to the electrodes via power cables and high-current tubes or solid busbars attached to the electrode support arm of the relevant electrode.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the construction required for the current supply in an arc furnace of the type mentioned above.
  • a box section or tubular section made of steel i.e.
  • Electrode support arm formed from a ferromagnetic material may be possible to make the high-current tubes or busbars attached to it unnecessary and still keep the magnetic losses low.
  • fault current paths are to be avoided and the electrode current is to be fed to the contact jaw of the electrode via a defined path.
  • the symmetry of the three phases should also be essentially maintained, i.e. the impedance of the power supply for the three electrodes must be matched to one another.
  • a simple measure is to avoid reactance asymmetry of the live parts.
  • Claim 15 specifically defines an arc furnace with three electrode support arms arranged approximately parallel to one another in approximately one plane, the high current being avoided in order to avoid a reactance asymmetry conductor of at least one phase is formed with at least one loop.
  • the electrode support arm is provided on the outside with at least part of its length with an electrically highly conductive layer, such as copper or aluminum.
  • the area in which the preferably plated-on layer with good electrical conductivity is present serves as a high-current conductor for the electrode current.
  • the electrically highly conductive layer is electrically connected to the box or tubular profile made of steel and there is an actuating device and an actuating rod for the electrode clamping device within the support arm, it is necessary to electrically isolate the electrode clamping bracket from the electrode support arm in order to avoid fault current paths.
  • the actuating rod at the end on the electrode side should also be insulated from the electrode support arm.
  • the loop provided according to the invention is located between the transformer of the arc furnace and the relevant electrode support arm, in particular the middle electrode support arm. This measure makes it possible to dispense with the additional busbar of the middle electrode support arm and the arrangement of this busbar in the sense of an equilateral triangle with respect to the other two electrode support arms.
  • Electrode support arms can be raised and lowered in a known manner by means of lifting columns 5 and can be pivoted to the side about an axis 7 by means of a portal 6 in which the lifting columns 5 are guided.
  • Each electrode support arm is provided with an electrode clamping device 8 which contains a contact jaw 9 which is supported on the electrode support arm and through which an electrode 10 is clamped on the electrode support arm and is supplied with current.
  • the electrodes 10 are designed as so-called combination electrodes with a metallic upper part and a screw-on lower part which is subject to the erosion.
  • the two outer support arms 2 and 4 are provided over their entire length, the middle support arm 3 only over part of its length from the electrode-side end with an electrically highly conductive layer 11 or 12 made of copper or aluminum, which is shown in FIGS 2 is shown hatched only at the end of the relevant layer.
  • a high-current tube 14 is fastened on the middle electrode support arm 3 by means of support arms 13 and is electrically connected to the electrode support arm 3 in the area of the electrode support arm 3 provided with the highly conductive layer 12.
  • connecting terminals 15 for high-current cables 16 are provided, which are connected to a transformer (not shown) and supply the current for the electrodes 10.
  • the electrode support arms 2 to 4 are each electrically insulated from the associated lifting column 5. The insulation is indicated in Fig. 1 by an insulating plate 17.
  • the support arms have a box-shaped profile and contain cooling channels for a cooling liquid, such as Water, a device for actuating the electrode chuck. Details of the structure of the electrode arm 4 and the clamping device 8 will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the electrode support arm 4 is formed by a box section made of, for example, 20 mm thick steel sheet 18, which is provided on the outside of the electrode support arm with an electrically highly conductive layer 11.
  • the layer 11 is applied over the entire length around the support arm, in the electrode support arm 3 it is limited to the area at the electrode end shown in FIG. 2.
  • a copper layer 11 with a thickness of 4 mm was plated onto a steel layer 18 with a thickness of 20 mm. In the area of the mechanical connection with the lifting column assigned to the electrode support arm, the copper plating is left out.
  • the box profile of the electrode support arm is closed in the illustration according to FIG. 3 on the left side by a connecting plate 20 and on the right side by contact plates 21, each made of electrically highly conductive material, preferably copper.
  • the two contact plates 21 delimit a receiving space 22, which extends over the entire width of the support arm, for a holding piece 23 of a clamping bracket 24 of the electrode clamping device 8.
  • the holding piece 23 connects the ends of the electrode clamping bracket 24, through which the electrode 10 can be clamped is.
  • the electrode is clamped in that the clamping bracket 24 is pulled to the left by means of the holding piece 23 in the illustration according to FIG. 3 and the electrode is pressed against a contact piece 25 made of electrically highly conductive material, preferably copper, which is attached to the contact plates 21.
  • the clamping device By moving the electrode clamping bracket 24 to the right, the clamping device is released and the electrode 10 is released.
  • the displacement movement of the electrode clamping bracket 24 takes place by means of an actuating rod 26 arranged centrally in the electrode carrier arm with the aid of an actuating device comprising a spring assembly 27 and a hydraulic cylinder 28, which are arranged together with the actuating rod within a central tube 29 of the electrode carrier arm.
  • the actuating rod 26 is pulled to the left by the spring assembly 27, i.e. the electrode clamping device is held in the clamping position, the actuating rod is pressed to the right against the spring force of the spring assembly 27 by the hydraulic cylinder 28 and thus the electrode clamping device is brought into the release position.
  • Within the central tube 29 there are guides 30 and 31 for the axially displaceable actuating rod 26.
  • channels 32 for a cooling liquid for cooling the electrode support arm.
  • the electrode clamp 24 is electrically isolated from the electrode support arm.
  • two insulating sliding blocks 33 and 34 preferably made of ceramic material, are inserted into the top and bottom of the holding piece 23, which protrude above the relevant surface of the holding piece and on the upper and lower Bearing side of the receiving space 22.
  • the sliding blocks 33 and 34 are offset in the axial direction of the electrode support arm in order to be able to absorb the moment exerted on the clamping bracket by the weight of the electrode.
  • electrical insulation is also provided between the holding piece 23 and the actuating rod 26, which is denoted by 35, and insulation between the electrode clamping bracket 24 and a clamping jaw 36 resting on the electrode 10. which is designated 37.
  • the electrode clamp 24 is therefore also electrically insulated from the electrode 10.
  • electrical insulation 38 is also provided between the electrode-side guide 31 of the actuating rod 26 and the latter. This prevents the formation of fault currents via the electrode clamp and the actuating rod 26 within the electrode support arm and in particular in the electrode-side end region of this support arm, which can lead to local overheating and damage.
  • the current introduced via the connection plate 20 is thus forced to take a defined path via the outer wall of the box section to the contact plates 21 and from here via the contact piece 25 into the electrode 10.
  • the power supply line for compensating for the different reactances between the different support arms is first carried out via the current tube 14 and only from a central region analogously to the route described with the aid of the electrode support arm 4.
  • the location of the current introduction from the high-current tube 14 into the electrode support arm is determined by the requirement to make the reactance of the middle electrode support arm equal to that of the two outer electrode support arms, i.e. eliminate the reactance asymmetry.
  • the axis of the high-current tube 14 is offset so far upwards with respect to the central support arm that it forms an equilateral triangle with the axes of the outer support arms when the support arms 2, 3 and 4 lie in one plane.
  • the arc furnace is operated with a three-phase alternating current.
  • the electrically good conductive layer 19 does not have to extend over the entire circumference of the support arms. Quality Results have also been achieved with an embodiment in which the two outer support arms had only one plated copper layer on the top, the bottom and the two facing inner sides. Of course, local plating recesses are also permitted if it is ensured that a sufficient cross-section is available for the current transport.
  • This exemplary embodiment relates specifically to an arc furnace operated with three-phase alternating current, which has three electrodes, each with an associated electrode support arm.
  • the three electrode support arms are arranged parallel to one another in a plane above the furnace vessel.
  • the electrode support arms have on their outer side a layer of electrically highly conductive material, e.g. Copper, as described in detail above.
  • the loop 101 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is located, for example, at a location of the high-current cable assigned to the central electrode support arm 3, where it runs approximately horizontally.
  • the high-current cables provided with the reference symbol 16 in FIG. 2 form two ends where they run approximately horizontally, so that the cables are actually divided into two high-current conductor sections.
  • a high current conductor section 102 connected to the transformer has an end piece which is shaped such that it forms two straight sections 102a and 102b which run at right angles to one another and to the incoming high current conductor section 102.
  • a clamping connection 105 for example made of copper, is fastened by means of screws 107.
  • the clamp connection 105 is part of a cross member 104, which is also made, for example, of copper or a similarly highly conductive material, and at the other end of which a clamp connection 106 is formed which is similar to the clamp connection 105.
  • the screws 107 are shown in FIG. 7 and only indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the clamp connection 106 holds an end section 103b of a high-current conductor section 103 leading to the furnace.
  • the sections 102 and 103 thus together form the high-current conductor cable 16, which is partially shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the high-current conductor section 103 is shaped such that it forms two end sections 103a and 103b which form a right angle with respect to one another and with respect to the high-current conductor section 103.
  • the loop 101 is located in a plane that runs perpendicular to the central axis L1, L2 of the two high-current conductor sections 102 and 103.
  • the current direction from the transformer to the furnace is indicated in Fig. 5.
  • the two high current conductor sections 102 and 103 are individual cable sections, i.e. the cable sections each have an open end, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the cable sections each have an open end, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 5 the two open cut surfaces of the cable ends would then be connected to one another.
  • the position of the crossbar 104 with respect to the other parts of the loop is changed.
  • the traverse can be changed up and down in the direction of the arrow P shown in FIG. 5, as a result of which the loop circumference can be enlarged or reduced.
  • only a single reactance loop 101 is provided in the high-current cable connected to the central electrode support arm.
  • one or more reactance loops can be provided in each high-current conductor between the transformer and the electrode support arm in order to achieve a reactance symmetry.
  • the reactance loop like the high-current cables, is cooled with cooling water.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
EP85115111A 1984-11-29 1985-11-28 Four à arc Expired - Lifetime EP0184140B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85115111T ATE48059T1 (de) 1984-11-29 1985-11-28 Lichtbogenofen.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843443574 DE3443574A1 (de) 1984-11-29 1984-11-29 Lichtbogenofen
DE3443574 1984-11-29
DE3516940 1985-05-10
DE19853516940 DE3516940C3 (de) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 Lichtbogenofen mit Reaktanzschleife im Hochstromleiter

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0184140A2 true EP0184140A2 (fr) 1986-06-11
EP0184140A3 EP0184140A3 (en) 1987-04-08
EP0184140B1 EP0184140B1 (fr) 1989-11-15
EP0184140B2 EP0184140B2 (fr) 1994-05-04

Family

ID=25826929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85115111A Expired - Lifetime EP0184140B2 (fr) 1984-11-29 1985-11-28 Four à arc

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4682341A (fr)
EP (1) EP0184140B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3574323D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8608766A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209735A1 (fr) * 1985-06-24 1987-01-28 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH Four à arc
EP0340726A1 (fr) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-08 Uwe Kark Bras de support pour électrode d'un four à arc électrique
EP0594272A1 (fr) * 1992-10-20 1994-04-27 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Bras de support pour électrode d'un four à arc électrique
EP0814641A1 (fr) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-29 KM Europa Metal Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement pour transmettre l'énergie électrique d'un transformateur de four aux électrodes d'un four à arc à courant triphasé
EP1901585A1 (fr) 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Homa Gesellschaft f. Hochstrom- Magnetschalter v. Vollenbroich GmbH & Co. KG Support de bras pour four à arc
EP1901586A1 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Homa Gesellschaft f. Hochstrom- Magnetschalter v. Vollenbroich GmbH & Co. KG Bras de support pour électrode
WO2011009622A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2011-01-27 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Bras de support d'électrode avec conducteur de courant fixé localement
EP2381200A2 (fr) 2010-04-26 2011-10-26 SMS Siemag AG Bras de support d'électrodes pour fours à arc et son procédé de fabrication
DE102014208516A1 (de) 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Sms Group Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Stützen eines Elektrodenarms einer Hochstromzuführung für einen metallurgischen Ofen

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4108583C2 (de) * 1991-03-14 1997-06-05 Mannesmann Ag Vorrichtung zum Kuppeln der Stromzuführung zu einem metallurgischen Gefäß
US6377604B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2002-04-23 Dixie Arc, Inc. Current-conducting arm for an electric arc furnace
DE102006027648A1 (de) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-20 Arndt Dung Wandungselemente für einen wassergekühlten, stromführenden Elektrodentragarm und aus solchen Wandungselementen bestehende Elektrodentragarme
DE102006032440A1 (de) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-17 Siemens Ag Hochstromleiter, insbesondere für einen Lichtbogenofen, sowie Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines Hochstromleiters
DE102009033934B3 (de) * 2009-07-20 2011-02-03 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Abdicht- und Verfüllvorrichtung für einen metallurgischen Ofen, metallurgischer Ofen und Verfahren zum Abstechen eines metallurgischen Ofens
WO2011009579A1 (fr) 2009-07-20 2011-01-27 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Dispositif d’étanchéification et de remplissage d’un four métallurgique, four métallurgique et procédé de percée d’un four métallurgique
CN103114171A (zh) * 2013-02-04 2013-05-22 宁波钢铁有限公司 一种挂钩搭接式钢包精炼炉导电横臂电缆连接装置

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR601033A (fr) * 1925-07-06 1926-02-20 Electro Metallurg De Montriche Système de potence pour four électrique
DE629611C (de) * 1936-05-08 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Dreiphasen-Lichtbogenofen
GB624657A (en) * 1946-01-31 1949-06-14 Delaware Engineering Corp Improvements in arc electrode support
DE1204321B (de) * 1961-12-07 1965-11-04 Licentia Gmbh Anordnung von die Leistungsumsetzung von Drehstromlichtbogenoefen symmetrierenden Zusatzimpedanzen in der Ofenanlage
US3433878A (en) * 1965-06-10 1969-03-18 Asea Ab Line transmission in arc furnaces
DE2332004A1 (de) * 1973-06-23 1975-01-23 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Elektrodenfassung fuer lichtbogenoefen
EP0080954A1 (fr) * 1981-12-01 1983-06-08 Clecim Dispositif d'alimentation et de support d'électrodes pour four à arcs
FR2542962A1 (fr) * 1983-03-15 1984-09-21 Npp Elektrotermia Tete de contact pour porte-electrodes de fours a arc electrique
EP0122120A2 (fr) * 1983-04-07 1984-10-17 British Steel Corporation Fours électriques à arc

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB520319A (en) * 1939-01-10 1940-04-19 William Harvey Payne Clamping mechanism for electric arc furnace electrodes
US2494775A (en) * 1946-01-31 1950-01-17 Delaware Engineering Corp Arc electrode support
DE1171161B (de) * 1961-03-04 1964-05-27 Jlario Properzi Verfahren und Lichtbogenofen zum Ein-schmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Kupferkathoden
US4153812A (en) * 1977-10-21 1979-05-08 Lectromelt Corporation Bus bar assembly
US4323717A (en) * 1979-02-07 1982-04-06 British Steel Corporation Furnace electrode clamps

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE629611C (de) * 1936-05-08 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Dreiphasen-Lichtbogenofen
FR601033A (fr) * 1925-07-06 1926-02-20 Electro Metallurg De Montriche Système de potence pour four électrique
GB624657A (en) * 1946-01-31 1949-06-14 Delaware Engineering Corp Improvements in arc electrode support
DE1204321B (de) * 1961-12-07 1965-11-04 Licentia Gmbh Anordnung von die Leistungsumsetzung von Drehstromlichtbogenoefen symmetrierenden Zusatzimpedanzen in der Ofenanlage
US3433878A (en) * 1965-06-10 1969-03-18 Asea Ab Line transmission in arc furnaces
DE2332004A1 (de) * 1973-06-23 1975-01-23 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Elektrodenfassung fuer lichtbogenoefen
EP0080954A1 (fr) * 1981-12-01 1983-06-08 Clecim Dispositif d'alimentation et de support d'électrodes pour four à arcs
FR2542962A1 (fr) * 1983-03-15 1984-09-21 Npp Elektrotermia Tete de contact pour porte-electrodes de fours a arc electrique
EP0122120A2 (fr) * 1983-04-07 1984-10-17 British Steel Corporation Fours électriques à arc

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209735A1 (fr) * 1985-06-24 1987-01-28 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH Four à arc
EP0340726A1 (fr) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-08 Uwe Kark Bras de support pour électrode d'un four à arc électrique
WO1989011203A1 (fr) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-16 Badische Stahl Engineering Gmbh Bras de support d'electrode pour four a arc electrique
US5200974A (en) * 1988-05-02 1993-04-06 Badische Stahl Engineering Gmbh Electrode carrier arm for an electric arc furnace
EP0594272A1 (fr) * 1992-10-20 1994-04-27 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Bras de support pour électrode d'un four à arc électrique
EP0814641A1 (fr) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-29 KM Europa Metal Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement pour transmettre l'énergie électrique d'un transformateur de four aux électrodes d'un four à arc à courant triphasé
US5889811A (en) * 1996-05-30 1999-03-30 Km Europa Metal Ag Arrangement for transferring electrical energy from a furnace transformer to the electrodes of a three-phase arc furnace
EP1901585A1 (fr) 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Homa Gesellschaft f. Hochstrom- Magnetschalter v. Vollenbroich GmbH & Co. KG Support de bras pour four à arc
EP1901586A1 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Homa Gesellschaft f. Hochstrom- Magnetschalter v. Vollenbroich GmbH & Co. KG Bras de support pour électrode
WO2011009622A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2011-01-27 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Bras de support d'électrode avec conducteur de courant fixé localement
DE102009034407A1 (de) 2009-07-23 2011-02-03 Fuchs Technology Holding Ag Elektrodentragarm mit lokal befestigtem Stromleiter
EP2381200A2 (fr) 2010-04-26 2011-10-26 SMS Siemag AG Bras de support d'électrodes pour fours à arc et son procédé de fabrication
DE102010026408A1 (de) 2010-04-26 2011-10-27 Sms Siemag Ag Elektrodentragarm für Lichtbogenöfen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP2381200A3 (fr) * 2010-04-26 2012-02-29 SMS Siemag AG Bras de support d'électrodes pour fours à arc et son procédé de fabrication
DE102014208516A1 (de) 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Sms Group Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Stützen eines Elektrodenarms einer Hochstromzuführung für einen metallurgischen Ofen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0184140A3 (en) 1987-04-08
DE3574323D1 (en) 1989-12-21
EP0184140B1 (fr) 1989-11-15
US4682341A (en) 1987-07-21
ES8608766A1 (es) 1986-07-16
ES549398A0 (es) 1986-07-16
EP0184140B2 (fr) 1994-05-04

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