EP0180590A1 - Verfahren zur steuerung des wiederholten abgiessens von giessformen und giessanlage. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur steuerung des wiederholten abgiessens von giessformen und giessanlage.Info
- Publication number
- EP0180590A1 EP0180590A1 EP19850901339 EP85901339A EP0180590A1 EP 0180590 A1 EP0180590 A1 EP 0180590A1 EP 19850901339 EP19850901339 EP 19850901339 EP 85901339 A EP85901339 A EP 85901339A EP 0180590 A1 EP0180590 A1 EP 0180590A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- weight
- ladle
- pouring
- level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
- B22D39/04—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by weight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling the repeated casting of casting molds, wherein at least one pilot casting process is carried out, e.g. is controlled manually and changes in weight during this casting process are recorded and stored and the basis for the control of further casting processes.
- a system of this type is known from DE-OS 30 07 347, the casting process being controlled by the changing weight of the mold. This approach has several disadvantages:
- the form swallowing capacity can change depending on the sand gas permeability, gas development due to cores, casting temperature, type of filling process, etc. with the same model.
- An object of the present invention is, in contrast to a purely weight-controlled casting process by weighing the mold, to carry out a weight-controlled casting process by weighing the casting container and measuring the level in the pouring funnel.
- problems arise by when weighing eg a kippba ⁇ ren ladle or a "casting furnace in any case er ⁇ considerable mass forces of the moving parts of the system and / or the moving metal occur which the representativessmes- solution very difficult.
- these inertial forces just contact then, when optimal control is particularly difficult anyway, namely when casting, possibly also at the end of the casting process.
- Claim 1 describes a first solution to the problem. It is thereby achieved that when casting, possibly also at the end of the casting process, where the determined. Weight course is particularly strongly influenced or falsified by mass forces, the casting process is controlled independently of the weight. During the longest middle part of the casting process, the weight-dependent control enables the conditions to be optimized. gung.
- Claim 2 describes a second solution to the problem. Intervening in the control when certain limit levels in the casting funnel are exceeded or undershot supports the weight-dependent control very considerably and allows a particularly small casting funnel to be used. It is only this feed-back that enables fully automatic casting without human supervision.
- the invention also relates to a casting installation which allows a particularly precise detection of the weight or the changes in weight of a tiltable ladle. It is characterized in that the ladle. is connected to a tiltable support by means of force measuring elements, the force measuring elements being articulated at both ends and always standing vertically. In this way, the dead weight to be weighed can practically be reduced to that of the ladle itself.
- the casting can also be done very efficiently, because e.g. 10 castings possible from one pan, and this pan can be exchanged in a short time using a quick-change device.
- the ladle or holder for the same is hung on the carrier by means of the force measuring elements, and all force measuring elements have the same length such that they form a parallelogram with the ladle or a holder for the same and the carrier.
- the movements of the carrier are faithfully transferred to the ladle, which facilitates reliable control of the pouring process.
- Fig. 2 shows diagrams I to IV to explain the casting process in this casting plant
- 3 and 4 show corresponding representations of a second casting plant.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the casting mold 1 with the pouring funnel 2, which is located vertically below the snout 3 of the pouring ladle 4.
- the pouring spout 3 has a circularly curved pouring spout, the center of its curvature is designated by the cross 3 *.
- the ladle is held in a frame-shaped holder with side rails.
- the two spars 5, one of which is visible in FIG. 1, are connected in an articulated manner to two load cells 6.
- the upper ends of the load cells 6 are connected to a support 7 which is pivotable about an axis 8 It can be pivoted by means of a cable pull 9 and a cable winch 10.
- the cable winch 10 can be driven by means of a motor 11 which can be controlled by a microprocessor 12.
- the casting process can be controlled by means of a control lever 13 which, for example, actuates a potentiometer, which at the same time controls the motor 11 via an AD converter of the microprocessor and allows the program to be stored, as will be explained below.
- a second input of the microprocessor is connected to the load cells 6. This schematic representation is intended to show that the signals of the four Load cells 6 are electronically added to a weight signal which indicates the weight of the holder 5, the ladle 4 and the melt therein with high accuracy.
- the motor can be a DC motor which can be controlled forwards and backwards by corresponding output information from the microprocessor.
- a stepper motor can also be provided, which can be controlled directly by digital output signals of the microprocessor.
- a schematically indicated probe 14 makes it possible to detect the level of the metal in the pouring funnel 2.
- a tachometer generator 15 and a position transmitter 16 are coupled to the cable winch 10 and are likewise connected to inputs of the microprocessor. There is also a screen 17 on which, for example, certain curve profiles can be made visible, as will be explained in more detail.
- the elements 15 and 16 can also be coupled to the motor 11, and instead of a cable winch 10, a chain wheel can be provided, over which a chain is placed.
- FIG. 2 serves to explain the processes in manual casting for specifying the casting program and in the subsequent automatic casting controlled by the microprocessor. For the sake of simplicity, it is initially assumed that a single manual casting process is initially controlled and stored.
- diagram I shows the time course of the outflow of metal in kg / s
- diagram II the setpoint curve of the temporal increase in the poured metal weight in kg
- diagram III the tilting speed ⁇ f of the pan
- diagram IV that by the measuring dose
- the recorded pan weight in kg whereby all diagrams apply to a cast.
- the first casting process or pilot casting process is controlled manually by means of the control lever 13.
- the pan is initially quickly tilted forward to initiate the pouring process.
- the movements of the carrier 7 are faithfully transmitted to the ladle.
- the load cells which form a parallel program with the carrier 7 and the holder 5, are always vertical, so that the center of curvature 3 'of the groove of the socket snout always remains perpendicularly below the pivot axis 8 of the carrier.
- the load cells 6 do not directly convey the course of the amount spilled per unit of time, but the weight of the pan.
- Diagram IV in FIG. 2 shows the difference between the static weight of the ladle assumed before the casting and the measured weight. This representation of the difference, which corresponds to an increase in weight instead of a decrease in the pan, is selected in order to achieve a corresponding course for diagrams II and IV.
- the pan has to be tilted without material flowing out in such a way that the process is preferably controlled not by the weight-time curve but by a predetermined program.
- the end of the casting process is preferably not dependent on the weight, but can be controlled by combination with a program part.
- the pouring ladle remains in the tilted position reached, as shown in diagram III.
- the time point D the actual termination of the pouring process is initiated by rapidly tilting the ladle back in.
- the weights at which the ladle is stopped and tipped back are entered after the manual pouring process has been carried out on the basis of experience or determined using a microprocessor, so that at the end of the pouring process the The amount of metal required to fill the mold has flowed out as precisely as possible E.
- the screen 17 on which certain or all of the curves of interest can be depicted can be used to program the microprocessor.
- the measuring do ⁇ sen 6 are blocked to avoid vibrations.
- the temporal course of the level can be stored in the pouring funnel and, if necessary, can be reproduced on the screen, and corrections can be entered in order to adapt the course of the level to an optimal target course.
- the purpose and aim of the automatic control described is, inter alia, to achieve a minimum filling weight of the mold as precisely as possible with a casting process which is dimensioned as precisely as possible and accordingly to manage with a casting funnel which is as small as possible.
- the level in the pouring funnel falls below a minimum level or exceeds a maximum level in order to increase or decrease the outflow quantity.
- the level is measured optically, for example by light-sensitive probes or by a video camera.
- the various corrections mentioned for optimizing the casting process can also be calculated by means of a microprocessor and corrected by appropriate interventions.
- data relating to the tilting position and speed of the pan can also be recorded by means of the position sensor 16 and the tachometer 15, on the basis of which e.g. the pouring and ending of the casting process is controlled exclusively or additionally.
- a learning process in a completely different sense is also possible in that the effective processes are recorded and stored during an automatic casting process. Manage an 'automatic casting process especially good, the data can finally be stored and used to control the other casting operations.
- the changes in weight or the discharge quantities from the casting ladle (casting speed according to diagram I) at which the ladle is to be stopped or tipped back at times C and D could also be based on the Specification of the final weight or filling weight of the form can be determined by the microprocessor.
- the weights determining the completion of the casting process at times C and D are increased accordingly with the consideration that it is considerably cheaper, with something too much metal to fill the mold correctly instead of producing scrap.
- the level in the pouring spout can be monitored at the end of the pouring in such a way that an alarm is triggered if the level is too low in order to trigger the proposed corrective measures. If the final level is too high or even the mold overflows, the program can be changed automatically via the microprocessor or arbitrarily in order not to shed excess material during further casting processes.
- An appropriate weight-dependent control is also applicable to other casting systems similar magnitude mög ⁇ Lich, wherein, for example, fill in the case of a ladle with Auslass ⁇ the position of this plug would be controlled. Thanks to the weight control, it can be poured correctly largely independently of the level of the melt in the pan and other influences mentioned above. A corresponding weight-controlled, pressurized pouring device is also conceivable, since modern weighing systems also allow a sufficiently precise acquisition of the shape in this case.
- the measuring device shown in FIG. 1 for determining the weight of the casting ladle and the melt located therein has fundamental, independent significance in addition to the method described above. It is not only possible to accurately weigh the pan contents. Rather, the special suspension of the pouring ladle in a parallelogram has the advantage that no material storage is required in the region of the ladle snout and the position and movement of the snout are nevertheless optimally determined.
- the load cells 6 always hang exactly vertically and thus convey precise weight measurements regardless of the pivoting position of the carrier 7 or the holder 5. If no weight detection is required, the load cells 6 can be replaced by rigid tension elements.
- the casting can also be controlled according to an arbitrarily specified program until a desired level has been reached in the pouring spout, whereupon the weight-dependent control starts.
- This weight dependent control can be done in any of the ways mentioned above. Different variants are also possible for control at the end of the casting process. Depending on the duration of the run-on to be expected, the parting-off process can be initiated earlier or later. It is also possible to try to regulate to a steady decrease in casting speed or weight change (dG / dt) from a corresponding point in time, in which case the wake should always be the same. This section of the casting process can also be tested empirically and programmed accordingly.
- a fully automatic programming of the casting process can also take place, in that a pilot casting process is carried out purely level-controlled and the weight profile is stored.
- the ladle is tilted forward when the level in the pouring funnel is too low, and is stopped or tilted back when the level rises too high.
- the program saved in this way will still be unsatisfactory.
- a second pilot casting process is therefore controlled, during which corrections are saved when the limit levels are exceeded or fallen below. This leads to a refined program and the process can be repeated to achieve an even more optimal program.
- each casting process on a refined level control, e.g. according to DE-PS 26 39 793, but to control the setting process in the manner described above according to a predetermined program or by weight or weight differential.
- FIG. 3 and 4 show a further embodiment of the casting installation or a concrete casting process.
- corresponding parts are designated the same as in Fig. 1 and they are not explained in detail.
- a probe in the form of a light-sensitive receiver 21 is provided which makes it possible to determine whether metal flows out of the pan 4.
- the corresponding signal that . indicates the presence or absence of the pouring jet is supplied to the microprocessor 12 via the line 22.
- the tundish 4 is tilted according to a predetermined, not weight-controlled program, and no metal flows out.
- the start of the outflow of metal at time A is now defined as the actual start of casting. This point in time is optically and clearly recorded.
- After this movement there is a calming phase in that the tilting movement of the pan is stopped and in which an accurate weight measurement free of mass forces is now carried out can.
- the weight-controlled casting starts. From the appearance of the jet to this start, a fixed delay has been set as the pouring period, and during this phase the first setpoint-actual value comparison also takes place, while at the same time the weight-controlled part of the casting process begins.
- the casting curve will run differently from the target curve due to the irregularities.
- the detection of maximum and minimum levels by means of the level probe 14 must now function so that the funnel does not run empty (reject) or overflow. If signals appear that indicate that the maximum level has been exceeded or that the minimum level has not been reached, the funnel shape can be used to determine the extent to which the correction is to be made.
- the time in the sol ⁇ l value curve must be gathered or stretched for the cast in question. The. is shown in Fig. 4, in which the solid line represents the target value of the weight profile (actually the weight loss). Critical deviations from the target course are indicated by dashed lines.
- this weight being a function of the final target weight 3 , the average casting speed, the current ladle movement and the current casting speed, the tilting movement is stopped. However, the metal continues to flow out, with increased weighing accuracy, since no mass forces and vibrations work more.
- the tilting back takes place by a certain angle at a certain speed, ie no longer weight-controlled.
- the so-called overrun is dependent on dG / dt, the pouring height, pan parameters and the tip-back speed.
- the preparation for the new cast is then carried out. After tipping back completely and a calming phase, tare is carried out in order to determine the zero point for the next casting.
- a level control is carried out in the pouring funnel via a further level probe and a decision is made as to whether the final level in the funnel is correct. If necessary, the wake can be corrected for further castings or the target weight G_ can be redefined accordingly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH179184 | 1984-04-10 | ||
CH1791/84 | 1984-04-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0180590A1 true EP0180590A1 (de) | 1986-05-14 |
EP0180590B1 EP0180590B1 (de) | 1988-08-17 |
Family
ID=4218683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850901339 Expired EP0180590B1 (de) | 1984-04-10 | 1985-04-04 | Verfahren zur steuerung des wiederholten abgiessens von giessformen und giessanlage |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0180590B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS61501832A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3564390D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1985004607A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4565240B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-07 | 2010-10-20 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 自動注湯システム |
DE102006034044A1 (de) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erfassen einer Gießkurve für eine Robotersteuerung und Erfassungssystem dazu |
DE102007047926A1 (de) | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-18 | Reis Robotics Gmbh & Co. Maschinenfabrik | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Ausgießbewegung eines Gießlöffels |
JP5675027B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-02 | 2015-02-25 | 新東工業株式会社 | 自動注湯方法及び自動注湯装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3599835A (en) * | 1968-09-20 | 1971-08-17 | Kocks Gmbh Friedrich | Dispensing apparatus for and methods of casting |
DE2203015A1 (de) * | 1971-01-29 | 1972-08-17 | Outokumpu Oy | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von gegenstaenden bestimmten gewichtes oder bestimmter groesse |
US3818971A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1974-06-25 | E Schutz | Method for casting blocks |
DE3007347A1 (de) * | 1980-02-27 | 1981-09-03 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Automatische vergiesseinrichtung |
-
1985
- 1985-04-04 WO PCT/CH1985/000055 patent/WO1985004607A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1985-04-04 JP JP50148385A patent/JPS61501832A/ja active Pending
- 1985-04-04 DE DE8585901339T patent/DE3564390D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-04-04 EP EP19850901339 patent/EP0180590B1/de not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8504607A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3564390D1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
WO1985004607A1 (en) | 1985-10-24 |
EP0180590B1 (de) | 1988-08-17 |
JPS61501832A (ja) | 1986-08-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2430835C3 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Gießen von Gußwerkstücken | |
DE2254946A1 (de) | Anordnung zur automatischen dosierungskontrolle beim abgiessen aus giessoefen | |
DE60034273T2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen eines Metallstranges | |
EP0581786B1 (de) | Verfahren zur regelung von giessparametern in einer druckgiessmaschine | |
DE2631015C3 (de) | Automatische MetallschmelzengieSanlage | |
DE3020076C2 (de) | Regelvorrichtung für eine automatische Gießanlage | |
DE2706558A1 (de) | Verfahren und einrichtung zum abgiessen einer form mit einer waehlbaren menge von fluessigem metall | |
DE2851256C2 (de) | ||
EP0180590A1 (de) | Verfahren zur steuerung des wiederholten abgiessens von giessformen und giessanlage. | |
EP3464654B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum erfassen einer förderrate eines flüssigen materials | |
DE3221708C1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Füllen einer Stranggießkokille beim Angießen eines Stranges | |
WO2010066447A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur detektion des durchflusses und verfahren hierfür | |
AT505123B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum giessen von formteilen, insbesondere von nicht-eisen-anoden | |
DE2011698C2 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum gewichts genauen Gießen von Metallplatten, insbeson dere von Kupfer Anodenplatten | |
DE2817115A1 (de) | Verfahren zur steuerung eines giesspfannenschiebers beim stranggiessen | |
DE2709052C3 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Eingießen vorbestimmter Metallschmelzenmengen in aufeinanderfolgende Kokillen | |
DE3608503A1 (de) | Verfahren zum automatischen angiessen eines stranges von stranggiessanlagen | |
DE4210595C2 (de) | Automatisches Metallschmelzenverteilungssystem | |
DE4419004C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Steuerung des Gießens einer Metallschmelze aus einem Behälter in eine Gußform und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
CA1086961A (en) | Method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate | |
DE19633738C5 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Gießen eines Stranges aus flüssigem Metall | |
DE2351816B2 (de) | Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln der fuellstandshoehe von schmelze in kokillen von stranggiessanlagen | |
DE2203015A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von gegenstaenden bestimmten gewichtes oder bestimmter groesse | |
DE2624435B2 (de) | Verfahren zum dosierten Vergießen schelzflüssiger Metalle | |
SU1668031A1 (ru) | Способ автоматического дозировани металла в литейные формы |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB LI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19860410 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19861010 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB LI |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3564390 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19880922 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19890331 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19900404 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19900423 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19910430 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19910430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19940322 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19940408 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19940503 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19950430 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: MASCHINENFABRIK & EISENGIESSEREI ED. MEZGER A.G. Effective date: 19950430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19951229 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19960103 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |