CA1086961A - Method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rateInfo
- Publication number
- CA1086961A CA1086961A CA274,030A CA274030A CA1086961A CA 1086961 A CA1086961 A CA 1086961A CA 274030 A CA274030 A CA 274030A CA 1086961 A CA1086961 A CA 1086961A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- molten metal
- rate
- pouring
- wire
- casting mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/007—Treatment of the fused masses in the supply runners
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
An additive material in wire form is fed into a molten metal flowing through a downsprue of a casting mold initially at a preselected feed rate. The instantaneous pouring rate of the molted metal is determined continuously throughout the pour and the feed rate of the wire is auto-matically varied in direct relation to changes in the pouring rate in the molted metal.
An additive material in wire form is fed into a molten metal flowing through a downsprue of a casting mold initially at a preselected feed rate. The instantaneous pouring rate of the molted metal is determined continuously throughout the pour and the feed rate of the wire is auto-matically varied in direct relation to changes in the pouring rate in the molted metal.
Description
~8~ 6~ -Background of the Invention The wire feed process of adding treating agents to molten metal being poured into a casting mold cavity for controlling the microstructure of the solidified casting heretofore included determining the average pouring rate of the molten metal and then feeding the treating agent in wire form at a preselected constant feed rate into the molten metal flowing through the down-sprue. The average pouring rate was calculated by timing the length of time it took to pour the molten metal into a particular casting and then weighing the finished casting.
It has been found in practice that the rate of liquid molten metal flowing into some casting mold cavities may change as the cavities are filling due to changes in pressure head, mold atmosphere pressure, fluid flow be- -havior and the temperature of the molten metal. With the wire feed process of adding treating agents to mol~en metal being poured into such cavities, the treating agent may not be added uniformly throughout the pour since the wire feed ~t~ ;
rate is constant and the molten metal pouring ~ag~ varies throughout the pour.
Summary of the Invention The invention provides an improved method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate in which the additive material in wire form is fed into the molten metal at a variable rate which is determined by the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal throughout the pour.
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According to the present i.nvention, th,ere. is pro-vided a method of ïntroducing an additive material i.nto a molten metal at a variable rate., ,comprising the s,teps of:
pouring a molten metal i.nto a downsprue of a casting mold;
feeding the additive material în the form of a wire, into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate; weighing the casting mold prior to pouring the molten metal thereinto and thereafter continuously through-out the pour; comparî.ng incremental weight changes throughout the pour; converting th.e incremental Neight changes into an instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal; providing an output signal commensurate with the pour;ng rate of the molten metal; transmitting the output signal to a varia~le speed drive motor of a wire feeder; and automatically de-creasing the speed of the variable speed drive motor and hence - the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate. ~:
According to the presen~ invention there is also provided an apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal of the type having a wire feeder to feed an additive material in wire form into a stream of molten metal flowing through a downsprue of a casting mold and into a casting cavity, a varia~le speed drive motor for varyi.ng the rate at which the wire i.s fed into the molten metal and a speed control device associated with the variable speed control motor for controlling the speed thereof, the im-provement comprising: means for electronically weighing the .
casting mold initially prior to pouring molten metal there- , into and thereafter continuously throughout the pour .
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so that a signal is generated commensurate to the increase in weight caused by the addition of the molten metal to the casting mold; and a computer operatively connected to the weighing means to receive the output signal and being connec-ted to the speed control device associated with the vari-able speed drive motor of the wire feeder, said computer being of a construction sufficient for determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal by com-paring incremental weight changes and for directing an output signal to the speed control device to decrease the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
Brief Description of the Drawing_ The sole figure is a schematic representation of one apparatus for practicing a method of introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate embodying the principles of the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment The method of the present invention relates to varying the rate of feed at which a wire of additive material is introduced into the molten metal in response to changes in the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten - 2b -869~
metal. The term "pouring rate" as used herein refers to the rate at which the molten metal flows through the downsprue of the casting mold. The method includes the steps of feeding the additive material in wire form-into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate, determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal continuously throughout the pour, and automatically varying the feed rate of the wire in direct relation to changes in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
One apparatus for accomplishing the aforesaid method is schematically illustrated in the drawing with the apparatus including a casting mold generally indicated by the reference numeral 11 and which has a pouring basin 12 formed in its upper surface. The casting mold is positioned to receive a stream of molten metal 13 in the pouring basin from a ladle 14. The moIten metal flows from the pouring basin through a downsprue 16, a runner 17, and into a casting cavity 18 which, in this case, is for a cylinder liner of a - diesel engine. Typically, several individual casting cavities are provlded in the casting mold ~ith the casting cavities alI connected to a runner. However, for illustrative conveni-ence, only a single cavity is shown.
A wire feeder is schematically illustrated at 19 and is operative to feed the additive material in the form of a wire 21 from a spool 22 downwardly into the downsprue 16 ahd the molten metal flowing therethrough. The wire feeder includes a pair of rollers 23 at least one of which is driven by a variable speed drive motor 2ll. A feed rate control 26 is operatively mounted on the drive motor for controlling the speed of the drive motor and thus the rate at which the wire is fed into the molten metal.
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The casting mold 11 is supported by an electronic weighing platform 27 whieh includes upper and lower plates 28 and 29, respectively, the plates being separated by a plurality Or load cells, two of which are shown at 31. Each load cell typically includes sensitive electrical strain gauges, not shown, in which the electrical resistant changes with strain. The strain in this case is created by the weight of the casting mold and molten metal poured thereinto.
A pair of signal lines 32 and 33 connect each of the load cells to a summing amplifier 34 which in turn transmits an amplified output signal through a connecting signal line 36 to a computer 37. An output line 38 connects the computer to the feed rate control 26 of the wire feeder 19. The computer may be of any suitable type capable of receiving an electronic input signal and converting the input signal into an output signal in accordance with a code or program prefed into the computer. Although not essential to the present invention, such a computer typically may have other input - leads, two of which are shown at 39 and 41, for receiving signals from other sensors, not shown, for ~eeding into the eomputer other variables, sueh as temperature and chemistry of the molten metal in the ladle.
Operation While the operation of the present invention is believed clearly apparent from the foregoing description, further amp~ification will subsequently be made in the following brief summary of such operation. The pouring sequence is commenced by tipping the ladle 14 to pour liquid molten metal therefrom into the pouring basin 12 initially at a rate to quickly fill the downsprue 16 and pouring basin 8 ~ 9 ~ ~ L
and thereafter at a rate sufficient to maintain the molten metal at a predetermined level in the pouring basin. The method of introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate includes the step of feeding the additive material in ~ire form into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate. Thls step is initiated by a photoelectric eye or other sensing device, pr~s~nce not shown, which senses the ~rcsch~ of molten metal in the pouring basin and actuates the variable speed drive motor 24 of the wire feeder 19 to feed the wire 21 into the molten metal flowing through the downsprue. The initial feed rate may be preset manually or by the computer 37 based on what the initial pouring rate is calculated to be.
The next step of the method is determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal continuously throughout the pour. To determine the pouring rate, the casting mold is placed on the weighing platform 27 so that an output signal is~transmitted from the load cells 31 of -- - the weighing platform to the summing amplifier 34 which in turn transmits an amplified signal to the computer 37 which is programmed to provide an automatic tare at this point.
.
As the weight of the casting mold increases due to the - molten metal poured thereinto, the increase in weight is monitored continuously by the computer. The computer takes discrete measurements of the weight at Predetermined timed intervals and calculates the instantaneous pouring rate from the difference in weight between each consecutive interval.
Thus, the step of determining the instantaneous pourlng rate includes the steps of weighing the casting mold prior to pouring the molten metal thereinto and thereafter continuously ~)8696~
throughout the pour and comparing incremental weight changes throughout the pour with the computer and converting the incremental weight changes into an instantaneous pouring rate. The weighing step includes placing the casting mold on the weighing platform, amplifying the output signal from the weighing platform with the summing amplifier and transmit-ting the amplified output signal to the computer.
The method also includes the step of automatically varying the feed rate of the wire in direct relation to changes in the pouring rate of the molten metal. ~his is accomplished by programming the computer to provide an output signal co~mensurate with the pouring rate calculated thereby, transmitting the output signal to the feed rate control 26 operatively attached to the variable speed drive motor 24 of the wire feeder l9 to vary the feed of the variable speed drive motor in direct relation to variations in the pouring rate.
As an example, it has been found in practice that with the casting mold shown in the drawings, the pouring rate decreases as the casting cavity fills with molten metal. Thus, with the method of the present invention, as the pouring rate decreases the computer directs a signal to the feed rate control to reduce the feed of the variable speed drive motor and thus the feed rate of the wire. In so doing, the additive material is uniformaly added to the molten metal regardless of variations in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
In view of the foregoing, it is readily apparent that the method of the present invention provides an improved method of introducing an additive material into a molten 6:L
.
metal at a variable rate dependent upon the pouring rate so that the additive material is added uniformly throughout the pour regardless of variations in the pouring rate of the . molten metal. This is accomplished by continuously weighing the casting mold with an electronic weighing device, feeding the output signal into a computer which calculates the instantaneous pouring rate from inc:remental weight changes, and féeding an appropriate signal to the wire feeder to adjust the feed rate o~ the wire accordingly.
While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within scope of the present invention, which is not intended to be limited except as defined in the following claims.
' :, ' ~ ' " ' ' '
It has been found in practice that the rate of liquid molten metal flowing into some casting mold cavities may change as the cavities are filling due to changes in pressure head, mold atmosphere pressure, fluid flow be- -havior and the temperature of the molten metal. With the wire feed process of adding treating agents to mol~en metal being poured into such cavities, the treating agent may not be added uniformly throughout the pour since the wire feed ~t~ ;
rate is constant and the molten metal pouring ~ag~ varies throughout the pour.
Summary of the Invention The invention provides an improved method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate in which the additive material in wire form is fed into the molten metal at a variable rate which is determined by the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal throughout the pour.
- ~ .
. .
~ ~8696~L
According to the present i.nvention, th,ere. is pro-vided a method of ïntroducing an additive material i.nto a molten metal at a variable rate., ,comprising the s,teps of:
pouring a molten metal i.nto a downsprue of a casting mold;
feeding the additive material în the form of a wire, into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate; weighing the casting mold prior to pouring the molten metal thereinto and thereafter continuously through-out the pour; comparî.ng incremental weight changes throughout the pour; converting th.e incremental Neight changes into an instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal; providing an output signal commensurate with the pour;ng rate of the molten metal; transmitting the output signal to a varia~le speed drive motor of a wire feeder; and automatically de-creasing the speed of the variable speed drive motor and hence - the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate. ~:
According to the presen~ invention there is also provided an apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal of the type having a wire feeder to feed an additive material in wire form into a stream of molten metal flowing through a downsprue of a casting mold and into a casting cavity, a varia~le speed drive motor for varyi.ng the rate at which the wire i.s fed into the molten metal and a speed control device associated with the variable speed control motor for controlling the speed thereof, the im-provement comprising: means for electronically weighing the .
casting mold initially prior to pouring molten metal there- , into and thereafter continuously throughout the pour .
' - 2a -.~ :
, ,: . : . . . . . , :~
:., . . :.
69~
so that a signal is generated commensurate to the increase in weight caused by the addition of the molten metal to the casting mold; and a computer operatively connected to the weighing means to receive the output signal and being connec-ted to the speed control device associated with the vari-able speed drive motor of the wire feeder, said computer being of a construction sufficient for determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal by com-paring incremental weight changes and for directing an output signal to the speed control device to decrease the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
Brief Description of the Drawing_ The sole figure is a schematic representation of one apparatus for practicing a method of introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate embodying the principles of the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment The method of the present invention relates to varying the rate of feed at which a wire of additive material is introduced into the molten metal in response to changes in the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten - 2b -869~
metal. The term "pouring rate" as used herein refers to the rate at which the molten metal flows through the downsprue of the casting mold. The method includes the steps of feeding the additive material in wire form-into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate, determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal continuously throughout the pour, and automatically varying the feed rate of the wire in direct relation to changes in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
One apparatus for accomplishing the aforesaid method is schematically illustrated in the drawing with the apparatus including a casting mold generally indicated by the reference numeral 11 and which has a pouring basin 12 formed in its upper surface. The casting mold is positioned to receive a stream of molten metal 13 in the pouring basin from a ladle 14. The moIten metal flows from the pouring basin through a downsprue 16, a runner 17, and into a casting cavity 18 which, in this case, is for a cylinder liner of a - diesel engine. Typically, several individual casting cavities are provlded in the casting mold ~ith the casting cavities alI connected to a runner. However, for illustrative conveni-ence, only a single cavity is shown.
A wire feeder is schematically illustrated at 19 and is operative to feed the additive material in the form of a wire 21 from a spool 22 downwardly into the downsprue 16 ahd the molten metal flowing therethrough. The wire feeder includes a pair of rollers 23 at least one of which is driven by a variable speed drive motor 2ll. A feed rate control 26 is operatively mounted on the drive motor for controlling the speed of the drive motor and thus the rate at which the wire is fed into the molten metal.
--3~
.
.~ ' , .
.: ' ' ', . ........... ' ~ ':
696~
The casting mold 11 is supported by an electronic weighing platform 27 whieh includes upper and lower plates 28 and 29, respectively, the plates being separated by a plurality Or load cells, two of which are shown at 31. Each load cell typically includes sensitive electrical strain gauges, not shown, in which the electrical resistant changes with strain. The strain in this case is created by the weight of the casting mold and molten metal poured thereinto.
A pair of signal lines 32 and 33 connect each of the load cells to a summing amplifier 34 which in turn transmits an amplified output signal through a connecting signal line 36 to a computer 37. An output line 38 connects the computer to the feed rate control 26 of the wire feeder 19. The computer may be of any suitable type capable of receiving an electronic input signal and converting the input signal into an output signal in accordance with a code or program prefed into the computer. Although not essential to the present invention, such a computer typically may have other input - leads, two of which are shown at 39 and 41, for receiving signals from other sensors, not shown, for ~eeding into the eomputer other variables, sueh as temperature and chemistry of the molten metal in the ladle.
Operation While the operation of the present invention is believed clearly apparent from the foregoing description, further amp~ification will subsequently be made in the following brief summary of such operation. The pouring sequence is commenced by tipping the ladle 14 to pour liquid molten metal therefrom into the pouring basin 12 initially at a rate to quickly fill the downsprue 16 and pouring basin 8 ~ 9 ~ ~ L
and thereafter at a rate sufficient to maintain the molten metal at a predetermined level in the pouring basin. The method of introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate includes the step of feeding the additive material in ~ire form into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate. Thls step is initiated by a photoelectric eye or other sensing device, pr~s~nce not shown, which senses the ~rcsch~ of molten metal in the pouring basin and actuates the variable speed drive motor 24 of the wire feeder 19 to feed the wire 21 into the molten metal flowing through the downsprue. The initial feed rate may be preset manually or by the computer 37 based on what the initial pouring rate is calculated to be.
The next step of the method is determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal continuously throughout the pour. To determine the pouring rate, the casting mold is placed on the weighing platform 27 so that an output signal is~transmitted from the load cells 31 of -- - the weighing platform to the summing amplifier 34 which in turn transmits an amplified signal to the computer 37 which is programmed to provide an automatic tare at this point.
.
As the weight of the casting mold increases due to the - molten metal poured thereinto, the increase in weight is monitored continuously by the computer. The computer takes discrete measurements of the weight at Predetermined timed intervals and calculates the instantaneous pouring rate from the difference in weight between each consecutive interval.
Thus, the step of determining the instantaneous pourlng rate includes the steps of weighing the casting mold prior to pouring the molten metal thereinto and thereafter continuously ~)8696~
throughout the pour and comparing incremental weight changes throughout the pour with the computer and converting the incremental weight changes into an instantaneous pouring rate. The weighing step includes placing the casting mold on the weighing platform, amplifying the output signal from the weighing platform with the summing amplifier and transmit-ting the amplified output signal to the computer.
The method also includes the step of automatically varying the feed rate of the wire in direct relation to changes in the pouring rate of the molten metal. ~his is accomplished by programming the computer to provide an output signal co~mensurate with the pouring rate calculated thereby, transmitting the output signal to the feed rate control 26 operatively attached to the variable speed drive motor 24 of the wire feeder l9 to vary the feed of the variable speed drive motor in direct relation to variations in the pouring rate.
As an example, it has been found in practice that with the casting mold shown in the drawings, the pouring rate decreases as the casting cavity fills with molten metal. Thus, with the method of the present invention, as the pouring rate decreases the computer directs a signal to the feed rate control to reduce the feed of the variable speed drive motor and thus the feed rate of the wire. In so doing, the additive material is uniformaly added to the molten metal regardless of variations in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
In view of the foregoing, it is readily apparent that the method of the present invention provides an improved method of introducing an additive material into a molten 6:L
.
metal at a variable rate dependent upon the pouring rate so that the additive material is added uniformly throughout the pour regardless of variations in the pouring rate of the . molten metal. This is accomplished by continuously weighing the casting mold with an electronic weighing device, feeding the output signal into a computer which calculates the instantaneous pouring rate from inc:remental weight changes, and féeding an appropriate signal to the wire feeder to adjust the feed rate o~ the wire accordingly.
While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within scope of the present invention, which is not intended to be limited except as defined in the following claims.
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Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate, comprising the steps of:
pouring a molten metal into a downsprue of a casting mold;
feeding the additive material in the form of a wire into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate;
weighing the casting mold prior to pouring the molten metal thereinto and thereafter continuously throughout the pour;
comparing incremental weight changes throughout the pour;
converting the incremental weight changes into an instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal;
providing an output signal commensurate with the pouring rate of the molten metal;
transmitting the output signal to a variable speed drive motor of a wire feeder; and automatically decreasing the speed of the variable speed drive motor and hence the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate.
pouring a molten metal into a downsprue of a casting mold;
feeding the additive material in the form of a wire into the molten metal in the downsprue initially at a preselected feed rate;
weighing the casting mold prior to pouring the molten metal thereinto and thereafter continuously throughout the pour;
comparing incremental weight changes throughout the pour;
converting the incremental weight changes into an instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal;
providing an output signal commensurate with the pouring rate of the molten metal;
transmitting the output signal to a variable speed drive motor of a wire feeder; and automatically decreasing the speed of the variable speed drive motor and hence the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of weighing the casting mold includes the steps of;
placing the casting mold on an electronic load cell means; and amplifying the output signal from the load cell means with an amplifier;
placing the casting mold on an electronic load cell means; and amplifying the output signal from the load cell means with an amplifier;
3. An apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal of the type having a wire feeder to feed an additive material in wire form into a stream of molten metal flowing through a downsprue of a casting mold and into a casting cavity, a variable speed drive motor for varying the rate at which the wire is fed into the molten metal and a speed control device associated with the variable speed drive motor for controlling the speed thereof, the improvement comprising:
means for electronically weighing the casting mold initially prior to pouring molten metal thereinto and there-after continuously throughout the pour so that a signal is generated commensurate to the increase in weight caused by the addition of the molten metal to the casting mold; and a computer operatively connected to the weighing means to receive the output signal and being connected to the speed control device associated with the variable speed drive motor of the wire feeder, said computer being of a construction sufficient for determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal by comparing incremental weight changes and for directing an output signal to the speed control device to decrease the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
means for electronically weighing the casting mold initially prior to pouring molten metal thereinto and there-after continuously throughout the pour so that a signal is generated commensurate to the increase in weight caused by the addition of the molten metal to the casting mold; and a computer operatively connected to the weighing means to receive the output signal and being connected to the speed control device associated with the variable speed drive motor of the wire feeder, said computer being of a construction sufficient for determining the instantaneous pouring rate of the molten metal by comparing incremental weight changes and for directing an output signal to the speed control device to decrease the feed rate of the wire in direct response to a decrease in the pouring rate of the molten metal.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the weighing means includes an electronic load cell means, and an amplifier connected between the load cell means and the computer for amplifying an output signal from the load cell means and transmitting the amplified signal to the computer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69112576A | 1976-05-28 | 1976-05-28 | |
| US691,125 | 1976-05-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1086961A true CA1086961A (en) | 1980-10-07 |
Family
ID=24775258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA274,030A Expired CA1086961A (en) | 1976-05-28 | 1977-03-15 | Method and apparatus for introducing an additive material into a molten metal at a variable rate |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52146727A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1086961A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2719033A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2352615A2 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1114786B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7706165A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1980002659A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-11 | Mezger Ag Maschf Giesserei | Automatic adjusting servo-controlled device for injecting molten metal during a casting operation |
| FR2546783B1 (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1985-07-12 | Pont A Mousson | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING LOW-PRESSURE MOLDED LIQUID METAL, PARTICULARLY FOR INOCULATING CAST IRON |
| GB2402642B (en) * | 2003-06-14 | 2005-11-30 | Golco Automation | Improvements in or relating to a casting control method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3726331A (en) * | 1971-04-28 | 1973-04-10 | R Bunting | Continuous casting process |
| US3746070A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1973-07-17 | Nat Steel Corp | Method for improving continuously cast strands |
-
1977
- 1977-03-15 CA CA274,030A patent/CA1086961A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-28 DE DE19772719033 patent/DE2719033A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-05-02 JP JP5004677A patent/JPS52146727A/en active Pending
- 1977-05-16 FR FR7714982A patent/FR2352615A2/en active Granted
- 1977-05-24 IT IT2390477A patent/IT1114786B/en active
- 1977-05-26 SE SE7706165A patent/SE7706165A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2352615A2 (en) | 1977-12-23 |
| JPS52146727A (en) | 1977-12-06 |
| SE7706165A (en) | 1977-11-28 |
| DE2719033A1 (en) | 1977-12-15 |
| FR2352615B2 (en) | 1981-12-04 |
| IT1114786B (en) | 1986-01-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |