EP0158739B1 - Dispositif destiné à l'injection du combustible dans les chambres de combustion - Google Patents

Dispositif destiné à l'injection du combustible dans les chambres de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0158739B1
EP0158739B1 EP84116262A EP84116262A EP0158739B1 EP 0158739 B1 EP0158739 B1 EP 0158739B1 EP 84116262 A EP84116262 A EP 84116262A EP 84116262 A EP84116262 A EP 84116262A EP 0158739 B1 EP0158739 B1 EP 0158739B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
heating resistor
injection
fuel
central region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84116262A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0158739A3 (en
EP0158739A2 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Grünwald
Ernst Imhof
Iwan Komaroff
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Mayer
Günther Schmid
Helmut Reum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0158739A2 publication Critical patent/EP0158739A2/fr
Publication of EP0158739A3 publication Critical patent/EP0158739A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0158739B1 publication Critical patent/EP0158739B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/06—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the incandescent body is designed such that approximately the same annealing temperature results over its entire axial length, or individual areas of a conductor coating applied to a ceramic carrier body can be controlled for annealing independently of other areas are brought about in order to bring about different glow conditions and to adapt the beam or ignition quality to the requirements of optimal operation at the respective operating point of the engine.
  • WO-A-8404567 is to be considered as prior art, in which a device of the generic type has a glow body downstream of the injection nozzle, which consists of a hollow cylindrical ceramic body and a coiled filament, which in is corrugated in its longitudinal direction and is embedded with its outwardly pointing wave crests in a correspondingly coiled groove in the bore wall of the ceramic body.
  • the glow wire is provided with a constant wire cross-section over its entire length, but the shaft pitch is dimensioned differently in several axially consecutive sections so that the sections are in different thermal contact with the ceramic body and with the combustion air that passes through.
  • the arrangement is such that an outer section of the filament performs the function of a rapid heating element, while the other sections together with the ceramic body act as permanent heating elements for constant operation.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the incandescent body meets the different requirements of short heating-up time and good continuous annealing quality, without the contacting points and brackets arranged on the ends of the incandescent body or a supporting body provided with the incandescent body being heated to an unacceptably high degree will.
  • the middle, much hotter area of the incandescent body enables short heating times and, due to the higher temperature difference to the fuel jet flowing in the air jacket, better heat transfer.
  • the intense infrared radiation from this area of the glow element heats the fuel droplets of the air-fuel swirl, while the air is heated by convection where it flows past the glow element.
  • the fuel-air mixture is thus effectively preheated for its easy flammability, without the incandescent body coming into contact with fuel.
  • the incandescent body is designed as a cylindrical hollow body which can be contacted on its two end faces and whose diameter is advantageously enlarged toward the end faces.
  • the incandescent body can also be a carrier of a heating resistor and provide the necessary mechanical strength.
  • the larger diameter of the end faces enables a larger electrically effective cross section and a particularly secure contact.
  • the incandescent body or the heating resistor applied to it can advantageously be connected to contacting disks which are soldered to the end faces of the incandescent body.
  • the incandescent body is designed as a helical heating resistor which has a smaller winding cross section in the central region than in the outer regions. This feature allows the temperature profile to be established in a simple manner over the cross section of the resistance coil.
  • the helical heating resistor consists of the material molybdenum disilicide (MoSi 2 ).
  • MoSi 2 molybdenum disilicide
  • the temperature-critical zones of the incandescent body can be assigned to the zones on the end faces of the incandescent body which are subject to little thermal stress, because with the material MoSi2, so-called low-temperature oxidation can occur in long-term operation at approx Incandescent body that the contacting disks can be soldered to the incandescent body in a melt-proof manner.
  • the helical heating resistor is made of the material MoSi 2 and milled out of a tube of this material, it can be advantageous to improve the mechanical strength that the proppant is present between at least a few turns of the helical heating resistor in the manner of webs.
  • These support means can consist of axially attached layers of electrically insulating ceramic paste, so that the advantages of the desired temperature profile of the incandescent body can be achieved the advantages of the resistance material M O Si 2 can be combined.
  • An advantage of the M O Si 2 is that it has a so-called PTC effect (increase in resistance when the temperature rises), so that the heating-up times are very short, and that the electrical power consumed automatically adapts to changing load conditions without an external control device.
  • a mechanically particularly stable incandescent body is characterized in that an electrically insulating cylinder is present as the support means, which includes the helical heating resistor.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the concept of the invention consists in that the cylindrical incandescent body has holes in the manner of a perforation on its outer surface and that the density of the holes is higher in its central regions than in its outer regions. For the generation of the desired temperature profile, it may be sufficient for the perforation to be present only in central regions of the cylindrical incandescent body.
  • a structure equivalent to the perforation can also be achieved in that the cylindrical incandescent body is at least partially constructed in the manner of a cell structure, the effective electrical resistance in the central region, due to the cell structure, being higher than in the outer regions.
  • a fuel injection nozzle 12 is inserted in an engine block 10 above a spacer ring 11 by means of a nozzle clamping nut 13.
  • the fuel injection nozzle 12 has a valve needle 15 working in a nozzle body 14.
  • the nozzle body 14 is clamped to a nozzle holder (not shown in FIG. 1) with the nozzle clamping nut 13.
  • a housing 17 of a heating device is fastened in a screwed-in groove 16 at the end of the nozzle clamping nut 13 on the combustion chamber side.
  • the bottom of the nozzle body 14 is supported via a support plate 18 against the housing 17 of the heating device.
  • the housing 17 is closed with a cover 19 on the combustion chamber side.
  • Support plate 18 and cover 19 are designed as concentric elements, so that the fuel jet 20 can reach the combustion chamber not shown in the figure without hindrance.
  • a contacting disk 21 and the cover 19 used for contacting there is a cylindrical incandescent body 22, the mechanical strength of which is improved by one or more support webs 23.
  • a contact web 24 can be provided between the support plate 18 and the cover 19.
  • the operating voltage is supplied to the incandescent body 22 via the contacting disk 21 connected to it, which is connected to a lead 27 via a wire bracket 25 and a contact pin 26.
  • the contact pin 26 is part of a temperature and pressure-tight soldered electrical feedthrough 28 in the housing 17.
  • the housing 17 has openings 29 through which the wire bracket 25 is guided on the one hand to the contacting disk 21 and through which on the other hand an air flow from the.
  • Combustion chamber can reach the bottom of the nozzle body 14, precisely at the point where the fuel jet 20 is formed between the nozzle body 14 and the valve needle 15.
  • the working principle of the example shown is as follows: If the fuel injector is open for the duration of an injection cycle, the fuel jet sucks in air according to the jet pump principle, which surrounds it in the form of a jacket and passes through the cylindrical filament so that it does not come into contact with the fuel, but rather heats up the air jacket, which then in turn heats up the fuel jacket. However, not only the air jacket flowing past is heated by the heating element, but the infrared radiation of the heating element acts on the fuel droplets of the injected fuel jet and heats them. Because the nozzle base is flushed with fresh air, the nozzle cannot become clogged with soot and the quality with regard to the quantity and droplet size of the fuel jet remains constant over long operating times.
  • the cylindrical incandescent body 22 shows a cylindrical incandescent body designed as a helical heating resistor without contacting disks.
  • the cylindrical incandescent body 22 consists of a helical heating resistor 36, the cross section of which is lower in a central region 37 of the incandescent body 22 and thus the resistance is higher than in its outer regions 38.
  • the region 37 acts as a high-temperature region because its length of the heating resistor-related resistance is higher than in the outer regions 38.
  • the outer regions 38 become a low-temperature region, the lower electrical resistance results in lower current heat, so that a durable contact and fastening is possible here.
  • the helical heating resistor 36 which is fastened between two contacting disks 21, is between its helix axially attached layers 41 made of ceramic paste mechanically solidified.
  • variant A The embodiment of a cylindrical incandescent body 22 shown in FIG. 4 is shown in the two variants A and B. Both variants contain end collars 42 for holding and contacting.
  • variant A the central region 37 working as a high-temperature region is formed by a cell-like perforation 40 which reduces the cross section of the resistance material and thus brings about an increase in resistance.
  • the helical heating resistor 36 is shown, which has the same cross section due to the uniform pitch in the entire coil area.
  • the desired lowering of the temperature in the contact area results in the strongly formed end collars 42 due to their low electrical resistance.
  • the helix 36 can be supported.
  • the heating element shown in FIG. 5 shows the cylindrical incandescent body 22 within a ceramic support tube 43.
  • the incandescent body has only one end collar 42. As indicated in the figure, it is designed as a helical heating resistor which is now not constructed at the same time according to mechanical skill criteria, since the ceramic support tube 43 ensures mechanical strength.
  • the incandescent body lies between the two contacting disks (21) and is supplied with operating voltage from there.

Claims (13)

1. Dispositif pour injecter du carburant dans des chambres de combustion de moteurs à combustion interne à auto-allumage, avec une buse d'injection de carburant (12), un corps à incandescence (22) monté en aval dans l'ouverture d'injection de la buse d'injection de carburant (12) et qui possède une ouverture centrale pour le passage sans contact du jet d'injection de carburant (20), et est conformé en un élément de chauffage par résistance, parcouru par un courant électrique, avec les points de contact électriques à ses deux extrémités frontales, et avec en outre un canal débouchant dans la chambre de combustion et entourant le jet d'injection (20), dans lequel débouche sur le côté une ouverture d'aération (29), par laquelle, sous l'effet d'injecteur, les jets d'injection aspirent de l'air de la chambre de combustion et qui entourent les jets de carburant, sous la forme d'une enveloppe, caractérisé en ce que le corps à incandescence (22) présente, dans sa zone (37), vue de manière médiane dans le sens de l'injection, une résistance électrique supérieure, à ses deux zones extérieures (38) annulaires.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps à incandescence (22) est conformé en un corps creux cylindrique, qui peut être mis en contact à ses deux faces frontales.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre du corps à incandescence (22) est agrandi aux extrémités frontales (42).
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que des disques de contacts (21) sont soudés aux faces frontales du corps à incandescence (22).
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le corps à incandescence (22) est conformé en une résistance de chauffage (36), en forme d'hélice, qui possède une section d'enroulement plus limitée dans sa zone médiane (37), que dans les zones extérieures (38).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de chauffage (36) est obtenue par fraisage à partir d'un matériau résistant, le pas de l'enroulement fraisé étant à cette occasion variable, pour réaliser la modification de section.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le corps à incandescence (22), respectivement la résistance de chauffage (36) en forme d'hélice, se compose du matériau MoSi2.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'appui se trouvent sous forme de nervures, entre au moins quelques enroulements de la résistance de chauffage (36) en forme d'hélice.
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'appui est formé en couches (41) appliquées axialement, d'une pâte céramique isolante.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un cylindre isolant (43) sert de moyen d'appui et qui entoure la résistance de chauffage (36) en forme d'hélice.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le corps à incandescence (22) possède sur sa surface d'enveloppe des trous sous forme d'une perforation (40) et que la densité des trous en sa zone médiane (37) est plus élevée que dans les zones extérieures (38).
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la perforation (40) n'existe seulement que dans la zone médiane (37) du corps à incandescence (22).
13. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le corps à incandescence (22) est construit au moins partiellement du genre d'une structure cellulaire, la résistance électrique efficace, dans la zone médiane (37) étant à cette occasion conditionnée par la structure cellulaire, est plus élevée que dans la zone extérieure (38).
EP84116262A 1984-04-14 1984-12-22 Dispositif destiné à l'injection du combustible dans les chambres de combustion Expired EP0158739B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843414201 DE3414201A1 (de) 1984-04-14 1984-04-14 Einrichtung zum einspritzen von kraftstoff in brennraeumen
DE3414201 1984-04-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0158739A2 EP0158739A2 (fr) 1985-10-23
EP0158739A3 EP0158739A3 (en) 1986-11-26
EP0158739B1 true EP0158739B1 (fr) 1988-06-01

Family

ID=6233634

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84116262A Expired EP0158739B1 (fr) 1984-04-14 1984-12-22 Dispositif destiné à l'injection du combustible dans les chambres de combustion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4572146A (fr)
EP (1) EP0158739B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60219450A (fr)
DE (2) DE3414201A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60219450A (ja) 1985-11-02
DE3414201A1 (de) 1985-10-17
US4572146A (en) 1986-02-25
DE3471718D1 (en) 1988-07-07
EP0158739A3 (en) 1986-11-26
EP0158739A2 (fr) 1985-10-23

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