EP1240461B1 - Bougie de prechauffage - Google Patents

Bougie de prechauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1240461B1
EP1240461B1 EP00987035A EP00987035A EP1240461B1 EP 1240461 B1 EP1240461 B1 EP 1240461B1 EP 00987035 A EP00987035 A EP 00987035A EP 00987035 A EP00987035 A EP 00987035A EP 1240461 B1 EP1240461 B1 EP 1240461B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheathed
section
glow plug
glow
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP00987035A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1240461A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Otterbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7932268&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1240461(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1240461A1 publication Critical patent/EP1240461A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1240461B1 publication Critical patent/EP1240461B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug for ignition a thermal combustion process, in particular to start a self-igniting internal combustion engine, with those in the preamble of claim 1 mentioned features.
  • Glow plugs of the generic type are known. These are used to start self-igniting internal combustion engines (Diesel engines) used. In order to the self-igniting combustion process begins it is known to be an initial spark.
  • glow plugs are used in a wall a combustion chamber (cylinder chamber in an internal combustion engine) used so sealing are that a glow plug in the combustion chamber protrudes. The glow plug is in contact with a fuel-air mixture to be ignited.
  • Ceramic glow plugs made of a ceramic, electrically conductive Material exists. These are characterized by high strength and high resistance compared to the atmosphere in the combustion chamber out. They also have ceramic glow pencils high temperature resistance.
  • the glow plug To start the self-igniting internal combustion engine becomes the glow plug with a voltage source (in motor vehicles usually with a motor vehicle battery) connected. According to the electrical Resistance of the glow plug a current flows, the heating of the glow section of the glow plug leads.
  • a voltage source in motor vehicles usually with a motor vehicle battery
  • a glow plug is known from DE 195 06 950, one in the area of a glow pencil tip Reduction of the electrically conductive cross section is provided.
  • This reduction in electrical conductive cross section causes a more heating of the glow pencil than the rest Area takes place.
  • the reduction is obtained the electrically conductive cross section, that the glow plug is drilled with holes, which then with an electrically insulating Material to be replenished.
  • electrically insulating materials in the field of extreme heating of the glow plug can result from different coefficients of thermal expansion mechanical stresses of the materials used be built up to damage respectively Destruction of the glow plug can result.
  • the glow plug according to the invention with the in the claim 1 features in contrast offers the Advantage that an increase in electrical resistance in the area of the glow pencil tip is achievable.
  • an electric conductive cross section of the glow section of the glow plug is less in the area of the glow pencil tip than in the area of a glow plug body and the glow plug tip one to a longitudinal axis of the glow plug truncated conical section includes, can advantageously in the glow pencil tip same material with the same specific electrical Resistance as in the entire glow plug body be used. Reducing the electrical conductive cross section in the area of the glow pencil tip leads due to the known dependence of electrical resistance of the cross section of a current-carrying conductor to a local increase of resistance.
  • a frustoconical section is an exactly reproducible reduction of the electrically conductive cross section of the glow section possible in the area of the glow pencil tip.
  • a frustoconical Section using simple molding tools in for one Mass production of a suitable reproducible type and Repeat way.
  • that one perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the glow plug running surface of the glow pencil tip over a chamfer into a frustoconical section transforms.
  • the introduction of the chamfer leads to a Cross-sectional reduction and thus to one Resistance increase of the tip.
  • this truncated cone can reduce its height be, so the setting is a defined one electrically conductive cross section of the glow section possible at the tip of the glow pencil.
  • electrical resistance of the entire glow plug can be set exactly, by processing and / or reworking the Truncated cone height occurs during a resistance measurement. This allows an adjustment of the electrical Resistance to desired parameters, in particular a temperature to be reached in the area of the glow pencil tip, respectively. Let such process steps suitable for mass production Automate Ways.
  • FIG 1 shows a glow plug 10, which is used to start a self-igniting internal combustion engine is.
  • the glow plug 10 includes a Candle housing 12, which is essentially hollow cylindrical is trained.
  • the candle housing 12 takes one Glow plug 14 on.
  • the candle housing 12 is in one Wall of a cylinder housing can be arranged sealingly, see above that the glow plug 14 protrudes into the combustion chamber.
  • the glow plug 14 is via a contact spring 16 with a contact pin 18 electrically connected.
  • the contact pin 18 is not shown in FIG Way with a voltage source, in the motor vehicle the motor vehicle battery, connectable, so that about the contact pin 18 and the contact spring 16 the glow plug 14 can be supplied with a voltage U + is.
  • Glow plug 14 itself includes one Layer (glow section) of a ceramic, electrical conductive material that is in outer layers embedded from an electrically non-conductive ceramic is. This leads to the formation of a U-shaped conductor loop from the electrically conductive Ceramics that form a heating conductor.
  • the Glow plug 10 includes other components, of which here are seals 20 and 22, a ceramic sleeve 24, a metal ring 26 and a Clamping element 28 are designated.
  • the seal 20 can be designed so that an electrical Connection to the candle housing 12 formed via which the ground connection U is in turn realized is. Structure and function of such glow plugs 10 are generally known, so that in The scope of the present description in detail should not be discussed in more detail.
  • Glow plug 14 also has a core 30 an electrically insulating material.
  • the glow plug 14 is shown individually, it being indicated schematically that the voltage U can be applied to the glow plug 14 via a switching means 32.
  • Figure 1a shows a longitudinal section through the electrically conductive ceramic layer.
  • the electrically conductive ceramic forms a U-shaped element which encompasses the core 30 - in the sense of the current flow direction of the current I.
  • the glow plug 14 comprises a glow plug body 34 of length 1, which is essentially cylindrical. Within the candle housing 12, the glow plug body 34 forms an annular bead 36 which is supported on the candle housing 12 via the seal 20. At the end opposite the annular bead 16, the glow plug body 34 merges into a glow plug tip 38 which has a length l 1 .
  • Such a shape of the glow plug 14 results in a total of three electrically conductive sections of the glow plug 14, namely a first section 40 from the annular bead 36 to the glow pencil tip 38, a second section 42 within the glow pencil tip 42 and a third section 44 from the glow pencil tip 42 to the annular bead 36 back.
  • the electrically conductive ceramic material of the glow plug 14 has a known specific electrical resistance, so that the glow plug 14 can be transformed into the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1b. This results in a series connection of the electrical resistances R 40 of the section 40, R 42 of the section 42 and R 44 of the section 44.
  • the proportion of the resistor R 42 in the total resistance R must be much larger than the proportion of the sum of the resistors R 40 + R 44 in the total resistance R.
  • the resistance R 30 of the core 30 is very much larger than the resistance R of the Glow plug 14.
  • the resistor R 42 is much larger than the sum of the resistors R 40 + R 44 results in a constant voltage U corresponding to the electrical resistance R, the size of the glow current I.
  • the voltage drop is greater than Resistors R 40 , R 42 , R 44 are greatest where the greatest electrical resistance is. If this is at the resistor R 42 , the greatest voltage drop results there.
  • the largest voltage drop can be concentrated there with a correspondingly large resistor R 42 . Since, in turn, the heating power output is directly dependent on the constant current and the voltage drop, the result is that the greatest heating power results in the area of the glow pencil tip 38.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 different exemplary embodiments of an optimized design of the glow pencil tip 38 are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the optimized geometry serves the goal of concentrating a high electrical resistance R 42 in the region of the glow plug tip 38, with the same specific electrical resistance values of the electrically conductive ceramic material used for the glow plug body 34 and the glow plug tip 38.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 each show an enlarged schematic illustration of a glow pencil tip 38.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the glow pencil tip 38 consists of a first frustoconical section 46, which is followed by a hemispherical section 48.
  • the hemispherical section 48 has a diameter d that is smaller than a diameter d 1 of the glow plug body 34.
  • the diameter d 1 is adapted to the diameter d via the frustoconical section 46. This results in a reduction in the cross section — viewed perpendicular to the plane of the paper — over the length l 1 of the glow pencil tip 38, from the glow plug body 34 to the hemispherical section 48.
  • Section 42 of the glow pencil tip 38 can be determined. This results in the transition area between the frustoconical section 46 and the hemispherical section 48.
  • the resistance R 42 of the resistor R 42 can be selected by choosing the diameter d of the hemispherical section 48 and choosing the length l 1 Glow pencil tip 38 can be optimized.
  • the glow plug body 34 merges via a first frustoconical section 50 into a second frustoconical section 52.
  • the inlet diameter of the frustoconical section 50 corresponds to the diameter d 1 of the glow plug body 34.
  • the outlet diameter d 2 of the frustoconical section 50 corresponds to the inlet diameter of the frustoconical section 52, which tapers to the diameter d.
  • FIG. 4 shows a particularly preferred embodiment variant in which the frustoconical section 52 has been provided with a chamfer 54.
  • the ratio of the diameters d 3 or d 4 can be set in accordance with an angle ⁇ of the chamfer 54 to a longitudinal axis of the glow plug 14. The larger this angle ⁇ , the smaller the cross-sectional area A of the line section 42 in the region of the frustoconical section 56.
  • a correction of the resistance is then possible within certain limits. In accordance with the known relationships, this results in an increase in the resistance R 42 .
  • a cross section A of the line section 42 and thus an increase in the resistance R 42 can be achieved by simple geometric configurations. In this way, very short heating-up times can be achieved on the glow plug 38.
  • the maximum glow temperature of the glow plug 14, in particular at the glow plug tip 38 can be set by optimizing the cross section A, in conjunction with the length l 1 , and thus the resistance R 42 . If a ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient is used as the material for the glow plug 34, that is to say that the resistance R increases with increasing temperature, a self-regulating glow plug temperature can be achieved by decreasing the glow current I with increasing resistance R.
  • the proposed geometries of the glow plugs 14 can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the glow pencils 14 are known to be formed from a "green" ceramic material and then sintered. It is also conceivable to manufacture the ceramic glow plugs using injection molding technology.
  • the frustoconical sections 46, 50 and 52 or the hemispherical section 48 can be produced during shaping by means of corresponding shaping tools.
  • a defined setting of the resistance R 42 of the glow pencil tip 38 can be carried out by subsequently reducing the layer thickness d R.
  • manufacturing tolerances of the glow plug 14 can be compensated for, which can arise, for example, by an offset of the core 30 to the longitudinal axis of the glow plug 14 or if there is a deviation in the specific electrical resistance.
  • This process can be automated in the manufacture of glow plugs. The resistance is measured with simultaneous grinding. As a result, the layer thickness d R is reduced, so that the resistance increases. When the target resistance is reached, grinding is stopped.
  • the individual sections of the glow plug 14 can merge into one another via radii R d .
  • these radii R d have only negligibly small effects on a cross section A to be set and thus the resistance R 42 of the glow plug tip 38 to be set.
  • the glow plug according to the invention for example, to ignite a thermal Combustion process, for example in gas boilers, be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Bougie de préchauffage (10) destinée à l'allumage d'un processus de combustion thermique, en particulier pour le démarrage d'un moteur à combustion interne à auto-allumage, comportant un boítier (12) pouvant être disposé hermétiquement dans une paroi d'une chambre de combustion, dans lequel est logé un crayon de préchauffage (14) en céramique pénétrant dans la chambre de combustion, le crayon de préchauffage (14) formant un conducteur thermique pouvant être relié à une source de tension et présentant une résistance électrique, une section transversale électriquement conductrice du conducteur thermique étant plus petite dans la zone de la pointe du crayon de préchauffage (38) qu'une section transversale électriquement conductrice dans la zone du corps du crayon de préchauffage (34),
    caractérisée en ce que
    la pointe du crayon de préchauffage (38) comprend au moins une section en forme de tronc de cône (46, 50, 52).
  2. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la pointe du crayon de préchauffage (38) comprend une section hémisphérique (48) dont le diamètre (d) est plus faible qu'un diamètre (d1) du corps du crayon de préchauffage (34).
  3. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la section transversale électriqueement conductrice (A) est réglable par la détermination d'un rapport entre les diamètres (d) et (d1) en liaison avec la longueur (l1).
  4. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la pointe du crayon de préchauffage (38) comprend deux sections en forme de tronc de cône (50, 52), un diamètre de sortie de la première section (50) correspondant au diamètre d'entrée de la deuxième section (52).
  5. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce qu'
    une section en forme de tronc de cône (52) présentant le diamètre final (d) possède un chanfrein (54).
  6. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la section transversale électriquement conductrice (A) est réglable par le choix d'un angle (a) du chanfrein (54) par rapport à un axe longitudinal du crayon de préchauffage (14).
  7. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la section transversale électriquement conductrice (A) est réglable par le choix d'une épaisseur de couche (dR) de la section en forme de tronc de cône (52, 56) présentant le diamètre final (d).
  8. Bougie de préchauffage (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le crayon de préchauffage (14), dans la zone de la pointe du crayon de préchauffage (38), se compose d'un matériau ayant une résistance électrique spécifique différente de celle de la zone du corps du crayon de préchauffage (34).
EP00987035A 1999-12-11 2000-10-27 Bougie de prechauffage Revoked EP1240461B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19959768A DE19959768A1 (de) 1999-12-11 1999-12-11 Glühstiftkerze
DE19959768 1999-12-11
PCT/DE2000/003800 WO2001042714A1 (fr) 1999-12-11 2000-10-27 Bougie de prechauffage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1240461A1 EP1240461A1 (fr) 2002-09-18
EP1240461B1 true EP1240461B1 (fr) 2004-09-15

Family

ID=7932268

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00987035A Revoked EP1240461B1 (fr) 1999-12-11 2000-10-27 Bougie de prechauffage

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6849829B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1240461B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003516512A (fr)
KR (1) KR100670574B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19959768A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2226966T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001042714A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10155230C5 (de) * 2001-11-09 2006-07-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stiftheizer in einer Glühstiftkerze und Glühstiftkerze
US7533435B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2009-05-19 Karcher North America, Inc. Floor treatment apparatus
FR2884298B1 (fr) 2005-04-12 2007-08-10 Siemens Vdo Automotive Sas Bougie de prechauffage a capteur de pression integre
US20070119153A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-05-31 Pierz Patrick M Superheated urea injection for aftertreatment applications
WO2008105327A1 (fr) * 2007-02-22 2008-09-04 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif de chauffage en céramique, bougie de préchauffage utilisant le dispositif de chauffage en céramique, et procédé de fabrication du dispositif de chauffage en céramique
KR101513389B1 (ko) * 2011-04-19 2015-04-22 니혼도꾸슈도교 가부시키가이샤 세라믹히터 및 그 제조방법
US8978190B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2015-03-17 Karcher North America, Inc. Removable pad for interconnection to a high-speed driver system
US9097734B2 (en) 2012-01-04 2015-08-04 Amphenol Thermometrics, Inc. Ceramic heating device
USD693529S1 (en) 2012-09-10 2013-11-12 Karcher North America, Inc. Floor cleaning device
FR3043460B1 (fr) * 2015-11-05 2019-01-25 Continental Automotive France Embout anti-resonnance de cavitation et anti-suie pour capteur de pression d'un moteur a combustion interne

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5862427A (ja) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-13 Toyota Motor Corp グロ−プラグ
US4475029A (en) * 1982-03-02 1984-10-02 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Ceramic heater
JPH0789589B2 (ja) * 1983-12-16 1995-09-27 日本電装株式会社 グロープラグ型発電装置
JPS61225517A (ja) 1985-03-29 1986-10-07 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd セラミツクグロ−プラグ
JPS62731A (ja) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-06 Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd デイ−ゼルエンジン用グロ−プラグ
JPS62148869U (fr) * 1986-03-11 1987-09-19
JPH0311575Y2 (fr) * 1986-04-11 1991-03-20
DE3802233A1 (de) * 1987-01-22 1988-08-04 Jidosha Kiki Co Gluehkerze fuer einen dieselmotor
JPS63297924A (ja) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-05 Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd デイ−ゼルエンジン用グロ−プラグ
IT1240312B (it) 1990-01-16 1993-12-07 B 80 Srl Candela ad incandescenza per motori diesel di autoveicoli provvista diguaina tubolare presentante una riduzione di diametro in corrispondenza dell'estremita' chiusa
US5304778A (en) * 1992-11-23 1994-04-19 Electrofuel Manufacturing Co. Glow plug with improved composite sintered silicon nitride ceramic heater
DE19506950C2 (de) * 1995-02-28 1998-07-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glühstiftkerze für Dieselmotoren
US5993722A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-11-30 Le-Mark International Ltd. Method for making ceramic heater having reduced internal stress
DE19852785A1 (de) * 1998-09-28 2000-03-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Keramische Glühstiftkerze
US6184497B1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2001-02-06 Le-Mark International Ltd. Multi-layer ceramic heater element and method of making same
US6727473B2 (en) * 2001-03-09 2004-04-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Ceramic heater device and method for manufacturing the device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50007813D1 (de) 2004-10-21
EP1240461A1 (fr) 2002-09-18
ES2226966T3 (es) 2005-04-01
JP2003516512A (ja) 2003-05-13
KR100670574B1 (ko) 2007-01-18
DE19959768A1 (de) 2001-06-13
KR20020058041A (ko) 2002-07-12
WO2001042714A1 (fr) 2001-06-14
US6849829B1 (en) 2005-02-01

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