EP0143961A1 - Dispositif pour l'enveloppement d'objets, spécialement de groupes de cigarettes - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'enveloppement d'objets, spécialement de groupes de cigarettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143961A1
EP0143961A1 EP84112558A EP84112558A EP0143961A1 EP 0143961 A1 EP0143961 A1 EP 0143961A1 EP 84112558 A EP84112558 A EP 84112558A EP 84112558 A EP84112558 A EP 84112558A EP 0143961 A1 EP0143961 A1 EP 0143961A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
blank
cutting cylinder
bores
material web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84112558A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0143961B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Focke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0143961A1 publication Critical patent/EP0143961A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0143961B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143961B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B41/00—Supplying or feeding container-forming sheets or wrapping material
    • B65B41/02—Feeding sheets or wrapper blanks
    • B65B41/04—Feeding sheets or wrapper blanks by grippers
    • B65B41/06—Feeding sheets or wrapper blanks by grippers by suction-operated grippers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/228—Preparing and feeding blanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for wrapping objects in a blank, in particular groups of cigarettes in a tin foil blank, which is separated from a material web in the area of a first endless conveyor (suction and cutting cylinder) and conveyed to a second endless conveyor (suction disks), wherein the blank is held at least on two lateral edge regions by the second endless conveyor in a plane transverse to the direction of transport of the object and can be laid around the object by pulling it off in a U-shape.
  • a device of this type is the subject of DE-OS 29 06 204.
  • a material web made of tinfoil or the like is fed to a suction and cutting cylinder which rotates continuously at a uniform speed.
  • the individual blanks are separated from the material web by separating knives and fed to the suction disks as the subsequent second endless conveyor.
  • the cigarette groups to be wrapped are conveyed between the suction disks, which are mounted at the same axis and at a distance from one another, a blank being placed in a U-shape around the front face of the cigarette group lying in the direction of transport.
  • the cigarette group in this known device is inserted into a mouthpiece which is flush with the cigarette group on the front side in the transport direction and absorbs mechanical loads in the U-shaped wrapper.
  • the suction discs are also driven to rotate continuously and uniformly, in coordination with the suction and cutting cylinders.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop and improve devices of the above type or similar structure, in particular to increase performance, without affecting sensitive packaging goods, in particular cigarettes, by greater mechanical stress.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the suction and cutting cylinder (first endless conveyor) is continuously rotating and the suction disks (second endless conveyor) are cyclically driven in such a way that the cutting during a standstill phase of suction slices through the object (cigarette group) is removable from the suction discs.
  • the first endless conveyor that is the suction and cutting cylinder
  • the suction and cutting cylinder is driven at a relatively high rotational speed.
  • their peripheral speed corresponds to that of the suction and cutting cylinder. Then, namely when the next cut is conveyed into the transfer area, the suction disks rotate at a correspondingly higher rotational speed.
  • the material web (tinfoil) is fed continuously to the suction and cutting cylinder at a constant speed.
  • the always constant conveying speed is significantly lower than the maximum rotational speed (peripheral speed) of the suction and Cutting cylinder.
  • the front part of the material web lying against the jacket of the material web is slipped on, that is to say with relative movement to the suction and cutting cylinder.
  • suction bores which are used for the corresponding fixation on the jacket of the suction and cutting turret.
  • a special feature of the invention is therefore that the material web is fed at a constant speed, the severed cut by the first endless conveyor is then considerably accelerated, transferred to the rotating suction disks at a coordinated conveying speed and these are brought down to a current standstill. This sequence of movements enables noticeably higher performance.
  • the device shown in the drawings is part of a packaging machine for cuboid objects, in particular cigarette groups 10. These are conveyed in succession and at a distance from one another along a straight (linear) packaging path 11.
  • the cigarettes of the cigarette group 10 are oriented in the conveying direction.
  • a blank 13 - in particular made of tinfoil - is folded in a U shape around the cigarette group 10, specifically as a result of entrainment of the blank 13 by an end face 14 of the cigarette group 10 lying forward in the direction of movement.
  • the end face 14 detects the Blank 13 in a predetermined area, usually in the middle.
  • the U-shaped wrapping takes place as a result of the insertion of the cigarette group 10 together with the blank 13 into a mouthpiece-like opening 15 of a further conveying path 16.
  • the cigarette group 10 In order to protect the cigarette group 10 against undesired mechanical stress when the blank 13 is taken over, the cigarette group 10 is conveyed through a reciprocatingly driven mouthpiece 17. A sharp tapering leading edge 18 of the mouthpiece 17 lies at the moment of taking over the The blank 13 is essentially flush with the end face 14 of the cigarette group 10. Its upper, lower and lateral edges are thus protected by the mouthpiece 17 which is formed with an essentially closed cross section.
  • the mouthpiece 17 is supported laterally outside the movement path of the cigarette groups 10 with transverse support legs 19 and a sliding body 20, to be precise in a reciprocating manner on lateral sliding rods 21.
  • the coordinated reciprocating movement takes place by means of push rods 22 Mouthpiece drive 17.
  • a continuous slot 24 is formed in the conveying direction.
  • a conveying member namely a driver 25 of a chain conveyor 26 for the transport of the cigarette groups 10 in the region of the packaging web 11.
  • the drivers 25, each of which detects a cigarette group 10 on its rear side, are attached to cross bars 27, which in turn are connected to side chains 28 are. Otherwise, the construction and mode of operation of the mouthpiece 17 and of the chain conveyor 26 correspond to the details of the device according to DE-OS 29 06 204.
  • the blanks 13 are separated from a continuous material web 28, for example of tinfoil.
  • the material web 28 is fed by a pair of pull rollers 29, 30 which are driven at a constant speed.
  • the feed rate of the material web 28 is accordingly also constant, in such a way that it is exact within one work cycle a section of the material web 28 corresponding to the length of a blank 13 is provided.
  • the material web 28 is fed to a suction and cutting cylinder 32 via deflection rollers 31.
  • the material web 28 runs with a front part 33 approximately tangentially on the peripheral surface 34 of the suction and cutting cylinder 32.
  • the further transport is now taken over by the rotating suction and cutting cylinder 32.
  • the suction and cutting cylinder 32 is equipped with two separating knives 35 and 36.
  • a cutting edge of the cutting knife 35 extends in the plane of the peripheral surface 34.
  • This cutting knife 35 works together with a stationary counter knife 37, the cutting edge of which is arranged at such a small distance from the peripheral surface 34 of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 that the relative movement between Separating knife 35 and counter knife 37 cut the material web 28 and thus the blank 13 is produced.
  • the counter knife 37 is arranged with respect to the position of the inflow of the material web 28 to the peripheral surface 34 such that, after the cut 13 has been cut off, a front part 33 which is sufficient to continue the transport of the material web 28 bears against the peripheral surface 34.
  • the cut blank 13 is provided during the further transport by the suction and cutting cylinder 32 by means of the second cutting knife 36, which is set back with the cutting edge in relation to the peripheral surface 34, in the area of a knife roller 38 with a further cutting cut or a perforation cut, for example in the case of a tinfoil wrapping of the ziga rescue group 10 to define a flap.
  • the rotatingly driven knife roller 38 is provided with a freely rotatable knife roller 39 which projects beyond the peripheral surface of the knife roller 38. This interacts with the cutting edge of the cutting knife 36 in such a way that the perforation cut can be carried out within the blank 13.
  • the blank 13 is then transferred to suction disks 40, 41 as a second endless conveyor. These convey the blank 13 into the relative position to the packing web 11 already described for the transfer of the blank 13 to the cigarette group 10.
  • the material web 28 or the blank 13 are held by suction on the peripheral surface 34 of the suction and cutting cylinder 32.
  • suction bores open on the peripheral surface 34, several of which are each connected via an approximately radially directed connection bore 42 or 43 to axially or axially parallel collecting bores 44, 45. The latter open out in the region of a lateral end face 46 of the cutting and suction cylinder 32.
  • distributor grooves 48 and 49 are formed in a fixed, that is to say not with rotating distributor disc 47. These each extend over a partial circumference of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 in accordance with the suction bores which are acted upon differently in different locations.
  • the distributor grooves 48, 49 are connected to a central vacuum source (not shown).
  • the distributor disk 47 is pressed against the end face 46 of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 by axially acting compression springs 50.
  • connection bore 42a is assigned to a larger number of distributedly opening suction bores 51.
  • the task of this multiplicity of suction bores 51 is, with a corresponding relative position of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 after cutting off the blank 13, to fix the front part 33 of the material web 28 sufficiently on the peripheral surface 34 in order to ensure further transport.
  • the connection bore 42a is located with the associated collecting bore 44 in the region of the distributor groove 49.
  • the suction bores 52 following counter to the direction of rotation of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 are also arranged in such a way that the part of the material web 28 conveyed on the peripheral surface 34 is reliably fixed.
  • connection bores 43 which are assigned to the distributor groove 48, then follows in the circumferential direction - counter to the direction of rotation. It is also the task of the associated suction bores 53 to hold the material web 28 on the peripheral surface 34 (FIG. 1) when the suction bores 51 and 52 have been moved out of the area thereof. The suction bores 53 are then followed by a peripheral section of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 which is free of suction bores. The blank 13 extends in this area after it has been separated from the material web 28. The phase of the separating cut is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the blank 13 is accordingly held in a region lying forward in the conveying direction by the suction bores 53 and in the rear region by a single, radially directed suction bore 54, which is assigned to the distributor groove 49 via a collecting bore 44.
  • a single, radially directed suction bore 54 which is assigned to the distributor groove 49 via a collecting bore 44.
  • several of the suction bores described above are arranged next to one another and distributed (FIG. 2).
  • suction bores 53 are still operatively connected to the front region of the blank 13 when it is transferred to the suction disks 40, 41. After the blank 13 has been grasped by it, a peripheral region of the suction and cutting cylinder free of suction bores follows.
  • the collecting bores 45 assigned to the suction bores 53 leave the area of the distributor groove 48.
  • the suction bores 53 are thereby vented, and the holding force exerted on the blank 13 is accordingly eliminated.
  • the collecting bores 45 as well as the collecting bores 44 enter the area of blow grooves 55 and 56, which are formed in the distributor disk 47 in the manner of the distributor grooves 48 and 49.
  • the suction grooves 55 and 56 are connected to a compressed air source via a compressed air connection 57. In this area, the entire system of grooves and bores is cleaned of dust and tobacco particles by compressed air.
  • the distributor grooves 48 and 49 enable an exact determination of the holding force for the mate due to their different design (diameter) and their position within the stationary distributor disc 47 rialbahn 28 and the blank 13.
  • the partially overlapping distributor grooves 48 and 49 are connected by a radial connecting groove 58 to form a uniform suction channel system.
  • the suction disks 40 and 41 are constructed in a similar manner. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the suction disks 40 and 41 are each attached to a shaft end 59 and 60 in such a way that a transport space 61 remains approximately between them in the width of the cigarette group 10. This is conveyed between the suction disks 40, 41, the blank 13 held ready on the circumference of the suction disks 40, 41 being pulled off and taken along.
  • suction disks 40, 41 which are designed in a corresponding manner, are likewise provided with suction bores 62 which open on the peripheral surfaces and are connected to collecting bores 63 which are parallel to the axis. These in turn open in the area of lateral end faces 64 in a distributor groove 65 of a distributor disk 66. This is furthermore formed with a blow groove 67.
  • the distributor groove 65 ends below the transport plane of the cigarette group 10, so that an area of the blank 13 lying forward in the conveying direction is no longer held. This is the slipping pull of the zu section 13 of the suction discs 40, 41 relieved.
  • the rear area of the blank 13, still associated with the peripheral surface 34 of the suction and cutting cylinder, is also free of suction air (FIG. 1) due to the design of the suction channel system in the suction and cutting cylinder 32.
  • the drive of the conveying bodies described is of particular importance.
  • the suction and cutting cylinder 32 rotates at a substantially higher peripheral speed V2 while maintaining the constant, uniform feed speed Y1 of the material web 28. This results in a relative movement between the material web 28 and the suction and cutting cylinder 32.
  • a maintenance movement of the material web 28 on the peripheral surface 34 results in a slipping movement.
  • this is conveyed as a result of the fixation on the peripheral surface 34 at the (higher) speed V2 of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 and thereby moves away from the front part 33 of the material web 28.
  • This high acceleration of the blank makes it quick , short-term transfer to the suction discs 40, 41 enables.
  • the peripheral speed of the suction and cutting cylinder 32 corresponds to that of the suction disks 40, 41.
  • the feed speed V1 of the material web can be approximately 150 cm / sec, while the speed V2 is approximately 300 cm / sec.
  • the suction disks 40 and 41 are driven discontinuously, i.e. intermittently.
  • a special step mechanism 68 known in principle is provided.
  • This consists of a driver 69 and a switching star 70.
  • the former is driven continuously via a central shaft 71.
  • Switching rollers 72 of the driver 69 enter the recesses of the switching star 70 one after the other.
  • a peripheral region of the driver 69 is not equipped with such switching rollers 72.
  • no rotation is transmitted despite the driver 69 rotating. This results in a non-uniform rotation of the switching star 70.
  • the movement of the switching star 70 is transmitted to the suction disk 40, 41 via gear wheels 73 and 74.
  • the standstill phase of the switching star 70 is otherwise fixed to the switching star 70 by support rollers 75, which temporarily rest on the outer circumference of the driver 69.
  • FIG. 6 shows the movement characteristic of the driver in relation to that of the switching star in a diagram. It follows from this that a rotary movement takes place during a path of 180 ° of the switching star, while the switching star and thus the suction disks 40, 41 are at a standstill along the same angle of rotation or the same time period.
  • the solid line of the diagram shows the time / distance ratio of the driver and the switching star, while the dashed line also shows the speed of the switching star in relation to the path of the driver.
  • the drive through the central shaft 71 is transmitted via gear wheels 76, 77, 78, 79 and 80 to the suction and cutting cylinder 32 as well as to the knife roller 38 with a corresponding step-up or step-down ratio.
  • the work cycle is due to the smaller distances between the supplied Ziga Rescue groups 10 from each other - due to the smaller distances between the carriers 25 - shorter than usual. Nevertheless, a more precise feeding of the blanks to the objects (cigarette groups) is possible due to the temporarily significantly higher conveying speed of the blanks and a standstill phase on the other hand.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)
EP84112558A 1983-11-09 1984-10-18 Dispositif pour l'enveloppement d'objets, spécialement de groupes de cigarettes Expired EP0143961B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3340408 1983-11-09
DE19833340408 DE3340408A1 (de) 1983-11-09 1983-11-09 Vorrichtung zum einhuellen von gegenstaenden, insbesondere zigaretten-gruppen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0143961A1 true EP0143961A1 (fr) 1985-06-12
EP0143961B1 EP0143961B1 (fr) 1988-01-27

Family

ID=6213782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84112558A Expired EP0143961B1 (fr) 1983-11-09 1984-10-18 Dispositif pour l'enveloppement d'objets, spécialement de groupes de cigarettes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4603534A (fr)
EP (1) EP0143961B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0620890B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8405709A (fr)
CA (1) CA1305040C (fr)
DE (2) DE3340408A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0226872A2 (fr) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-01 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Dispositif pour fabriquer des paquets (pour cigarettes) à partir d'au moins une ébauche pliable
EP0573944A1 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Dispositif pour alimenter et couper le matériau dans l'enveloppement pour machine dans l'enveloppement d'articles
EP0629552A1 (fr) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-21 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif pour alimenter une ligne d'emballage de portions de matériau d'enveloppement
EP0787648A3 (fr) * 1996-01-03 2000-03-29 SASIB TOBACCO S.p.A. Machine d'emballage spécialement pour des cigarettes ou similaires

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4411358B4 (de) * 1994-03-31 2005-10-27 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Verpackungen aus insbesondere dünner Kunststofffolie
DE19644079A1 (de) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Focke & Co Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Verpackungen aus dünnem Verpackungsmaterial
DE19721144B4 (de) * 1997-05-21 2006-04-20 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Handhaben von Zuschnitten
DE19859949A1 (de) * 1998-12-28 2000-06-29 Focke & Co Zigarettenpackung sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen derselben
DE102004012642A1 (de) * 2004-03-12 2005-10-13 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verpackung von Produkten der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie
ITBO20050275A1 (it) * 2005-04-22 2005-07-22 Gd Spa Macchina sovraincartatrice per pacchetti di sigarette
IT1394942B1 (it) 2009-04-17 2012-07-27 Gima Spa Sistema per il confezionamento di sigarette in fogli ripiegati dotato di motori di controllo elettronici
IT1394894B1 (it) 2009-04-17 2012-07-20 Gima Spa Dispositivo per il confezionamento di un prodotto in un involucro
DE102009044897A1 (de) 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 Krones Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum gruppenweisen Verpacken von Gegenständen
IT1399036B1 (it) * 2010-01-26 2013-04-05 Gima Spa Convogliatore di incarto di una macchina impacchettatrice
DE102011113401A1 (de) * 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Zigaretten-Packungen
DE102011114522A1 (de) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Verpackung für eine Gruppe rauchbarer Artikel

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0015386A1 (fr) * 1979-02-17 1980-09-17 FOCKE & CO. Dispositif pour envelopper des objets, notamment des groupes de cigarettes

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2153483A (en) * 1937-03-06 1939-04-04 Rose Bros Gainsborough Ltd Wrapping machine
US2860466A (en) * 1956-05-08 1958-11-18 Bellingham Steel Products Inc Wrapping machines
DE1169361B (de) * 1959-12-08 1964-04-30 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zufuehren von Huellmaterial zu einer Verpackungsbahn
DE1169835B (de) * 1960-07-07 1964-05-06 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verpackungsmaschine zum Einwickeln von Zigarettenpackungen
GB1037261A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-07-27 Derek Henry Youngman Improvements in or relating to the cutting of desired lengths from a web of wrapper material
GB1114708A (en) * 1964-10-08 1968-05-22 Wix Of London Ltd Method and apparatus for packing and wrapping
CH491004A (de) * 1968-05-28 1970-05-31 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Vorrichtung an einer Verpackungsmaschine zum Zuführen und Trennen eines Einschlagmaterialbandes
IT1001431B (it) * 1973-12-20 1976-04-20 Gd Spa Dispositivo per alimentare materia le d incarto particolarmente mate riale in nastro avvolto in bobina del tipo cosiddetto floscio traspa rente alle macchine incartatrici con organo di strappo e di accom pagnamento alla posizione di uti lizzazione del foglio o spezzone precedentemente tagliato soltanto parzialmente
DE2407767C3 (de) * 1974-02-19 1978-04-27 Focke & Pfuhl, 3090 Verden Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einschlagen von Zigarettengruppen o.dgl
GB1516521A (en) * 1974-06-11 1978-07-05 Focke Pfuhl Verpack Automat Wrapping rod-like articles

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0015386A1 (fr) * 1979-02-17 1980-09-17 FOCKE & CO. Dispositif pour envelopper des objets, notamment des groupes de cigarettes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0226872A2 (fr) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-01 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Dispositif pour fabriquer des paquets (pour cigarettes) à partir d'au moins une ébauche pliable
EP0226872A3 (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-03-23 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co.) Device for making (cigarette) packages from at least one foldable blank
EP0573944A1 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Dispositif pour alimenter et couper le matériau dans l'enveloppement pour machine dans l'enveloppement d'articles
EP0629552A1 (fr) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-21 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif pour alimenter une ligne d'emballage de portions de matériau d'enveloppement
EP0787648A3 (fr) * 1996-01-03 2000-03-29 SASIB TOBACCO S.p.A. Machine d'emballage spécialement pour des cigarettes ou similaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8405709A (pt) 1985-09-10
JPS60123315A (ja) 1985-07-02
CA1305040C (fr) 1992-07-14
EP0143961B1 (fr) 1988-01-27
JPH0620890B2 (ja) 1994-03-23
US4603534A (en) 1986-08-05
DE3469007D1 (en) 1988-03-03
DE3340408A1 (de) 1985-05-15

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