EP0118715B1 - Relais électromagnétique polarisé - Google Patents

Relais électromagnétique polarisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0118715B1
EP0118715B1 EP84101008A EP84101008A EP0118715B1 EP 0118715 B1 EP0118715 B1 EP 0118715B1 EP 84101008 A EP84101008 A EP 84101008A EP 84101008 A EP84101008 A EP 84101008A EP 0118715 B1 EP0118715 B1 EP 0118715B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
coil
relay
contact
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84101008A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0118715A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Aidn
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0118715A1 publication Critical patent/EP0118715A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0118715B1 publication Critical patent/EP0118715B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2272—Polarised relays comprising rockable armature, rocking movement around central axis parallel to the main plane of the armature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polarized electromagnetic relay with a coil body, which carries at least one winding and is axially penetrated by a coil core, with a rocker armature arranged outside the coil parallel to the coil axis, which is pivotally mounted with its central part and with its two ends in each case forms a working air gap with one end of the coil core each, the armature bridging the at least one coil winding and at least one permanent magnet arranged next to the coil winding or next to the coil windings, and with a carrier arrangement connected to the coil former for the movable contact elements and the counter-contact elements, the Contact actuation by the rocker armature takes place without a separately arranged intermediate link.
  • Such a relay is known for example from DE-A-30 46 947 (corresponds to GB-A-20 66 577).
  • the permanent magnet is arranged parallel to the coil winding and is also provided with a shunt. With this arrangement, the permanent magnetic circuit is not closed well, which detracts from the sensitivity of the relay; in addition, the arrangement of the permanent magnet requires a relatively large amount of space there.
  • the armature and the contact carrier arrangement are arranged on the upper side of the magnet system and therefore require relatively long distances for the contact connections.
  • Another disadvantage of the relay shown there is that the contact connections are led out of the frame on two different sides, while the coil connections take a third direction. In order to bring all the connections of the relay together in one installation level, additional volume should therefore be lost.
  • EP-A-15 389 describes a relay with an angular yoke and an angular armature mounted on the yoke, which actuates a contact spring arranged above the magnet system via its second leg.
  • a permanent magnet is arranged between the core and the yoke, the effect of which is quite unfavorable because the major part of the permanent magnetic flux closes over the core and the yoke and does not work towards the armature.
  • recesses in the yoke and the like this effect is to be improved in the known relay.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a polarized relay of the type mentioned, which combines high sensitivity with a simple, space-saving structure and a construction consisting of a few parts, both a monostable and a bistable embodiment with the same basic structure is possible.
  • the arrangement of one or two permanent magnets directly on the core results in a compact construction of the relay with few individual parts, and also high responsiveness, since the permanent magnet circuit closes in two branches directly over the armature and the two working air gaps towards the core.
  • the permanent magnetic flux and the excitation flux are immediately superimposed in the working air gaps.
  • the contact arrangement is arranged in the base below the magnet system, there are short connection paths for the contact elements, which also has a space-saving effect. Due to the direct actuation of the contact elements by the armature, additional actuation slides can be omitted.
  • the low overall height achieved in this way is also not increased by the fact that, for electrical insulation, the armatures or the contact springs at the contact points are each provided with an insulating film or an insulating coating.
  • the rocker arm is expediently mounted on a cylindrically shaped rib of a coil flange by means of an embossed cylindrical recess.
  • the coil body expediently has projections in flange areas next to the armature, which protrude from the bearing surfaces of the base.
  • the contact connection elements are expediently embedded in the base itself by overmoulding, in such a way that the contact surfaces of the mating contact elements and support surfaces for fastening movable contact springs are flush with the surface of the contact carrier.
  • the movable contact elements are mounted in an indentation in their connecting elements by means of an embossed bearing point and are held in relation to the armature by their prestressing.
  • the movable contact elements are attached to the armature itself via an insulating piece and are electrically connected to their associated connection elements on the base via a conductive film.
  • the magnet system can be varied in many ways by arranging one or more windings and one or more permanent magnets differently.
  • the simplest arrangement consists of a single winding and a single permanent magnet arranged next to it, a coil flange provided between the two lying approximately in the middle of the axial length of the core and serving for mounting the armature.
  • Such a relay has a monostable characteristic, since the armature on one side of the bearing is attracted directly by the permanent magnet and will therefore always lie on the permanent magnet side when the excitation is switched off.
  • the permanent magnet can also be provided in the middle between two windings, a bearing point for the armature being formed either directly by the permanent magnet or by a bearing piece which closes off the magnet chamber.
  • the anchor itself is cranked with both ends toward the straight core.
  • the armature could also be designed in a straight line and interact with a core that is cranked at the ends.
  • Another embodiment is also conceivable, in which both the armature and the core are cranked at the ends. In this case, identical parts could be used for the armature and for the core. The same advantage results if the armature and core are each cranked at one end and are arranged rotated relative to one another such that a cranked end cooperates with a straight end of the armature or the core.
  • the relay shown in FIG. 1 has a rectilinear core 2 in a coil former 1, which core 2 forms two working air gaps 4 and 5 with an armature 3.
  • the bobbin carries an excitation winding 8 between the flanges 6 and 7 and forms a chamber 9 for a permanent magnet 10 next to the flange 7, said magnet being seated directly on the core 2 with one pole.
  • a getter 11 is provided in a further chamber of the coil body, which getter can be introduced, for example, in a viscous state and then dried, or is used immediately in the form of a tablet.
  • the armature 3 is arranged below the coil body with its central part approximately parallel to the coil axis and is pivotably mounted about a horizontal axis running transversely to the coil longitudinal direction.
  • the bearing 12 is geometrically designed as a cylinder sliding bearing, which, in contrast to cutting bearings, only results in a low specific surface pressure, but instead a larger friction path occurs. However, since the swivel angle of the armature is small, the friction path in the bearing is also small.
  • the cylindrical recess 3 in the armature is embossed with great smoothness, and a cylindrical rib with the smoothest possible surface is also formed on the coil flange 7. The material combination of the metallic armature with the plastic of the coil body results in a low-wear bearing.
  • protrusions 13 of the bearing flange 7 protrude into lateral recesses in the armature.
  • a rib 15 is formed on the base 14, which limits lifting of the armature from the bearing.
  • the armature 3 encompasses both the coil winding 8 and the permanent magnet 10 in an approximately U-shape from below and is cranked with its free ends 3a and 3b parallel to the core 2 to form the working air gaps 4 and 5.
  • the flux of the permanent magnet 10 branches in the core 2 to the two working air gaps and from there via the armature and the air gap 16 back to the permanent magnet.
  • the relay is sensitive to the current direction by superimposing the permanent magnetic flux with a control flux in the working air gaps 4 and 5.
  • the asymmetrical arrangement of the permanent magnet gives the magnet system a monostable characteristic.
  • the contact system is arranged directly under the anchor, the base 14 serving as a carrier.
  • Mating contact elements 17 and 18 and connection elements 19 for movable contact springs 20 are injected into the base 14 in pairs.
  • the movable contact springs 20 are welded onto the bearing surface 19a and biased upward towards the armature, so that they are actuated directly by the shoulders 3c and 3d of the armature.
  • the armature is covered with an insulating film 21 in this area.
  • the magnet system with the coil former 1 as a carrier and the contact arrangement with the base 14 as a carrier are connected via a pin connection 22 put together.
  • projections 23 of the coil body come to rest on contact surfaces 24 of the base and thereby result in the correct assignment between the armature and the contact arrangement.
  • a protective cap 25 forms a circumferential groove 26 with the base edge (see also FIG. 5). By casting this groove 26 with casting resin, the housing gap between the base and the protective cap is sealed. At the same time, the contact connections 17, 18, 19 and the coil connections 27 are additionally sealed.
  • the counter-contact elements 17 and 18 and the connection elements 19 for the contact springs are obtained from a board 28 which is cut out according to FIG. 2 and bent into a U-shape.
  • Contact pieces 29 have already been welded onto the counter-contact elements 17 and 18; then the board strip is overmolded with plastic.
  • the connecting strips are isolated from the contact pieces to the connection lugs in the interior of the base.
  • the connecting lugs are cut free and the contact springs 20 are welded onto the surfaces 19a.
  • the contact springs 20 are pre-bent in order to obtain a desired bias against the armature. This prestressing of the contact springs and the permanent magnetic attraction forces keep the armature in its bearing after assembly of the relay, so that a separate bearing spring is not necessary.
  • Fig. 4 shows the finished base 14 seen from above.
  • the two contact springs 20 are welded on and lie with their contacting ends in each case above the mating contact elements 17 and 18.
  • the base 14 has holes 21 a for receiving the fastening pins 21 of the coil body.
  • the coil connecting pins 27 are also embedded.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the finished relay.
  • the contact unit was equipped with external pressure contacts, i.e. the contact pressure is generated by the pressure of the armature on the contact springs.
  • Fig. 6 shows a modification of the relay, in which self-pressure contacts are used.
  • the contact pressure arises from the pretensioning of the contact springs 35 with respect to the counter-contact elements 36 and 37, which emerge from the base 34 and overlap the contact spring 35.
  • the preload of the flat contact spring 35 with respect to the counter-contact elements 36 and 37 is achieved in that the base in the central region 34a, in which the contact spring 35 rests, is higher than in the lateral regions 34b and 34c, where the counter-contact elements 36 and 37 are arranged.
  • the contact spring 35 therefore bears against the counter-contact elements 36 and 37 in the relaxed state even without a pretension bend.
  • the armature 33 is in this case bent downward at its shoulder regions 33a and 33b. Otherwise, the relay according to FIG. 6 is constructed in principle in exactly the same way as the relay according to FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further modification of the relay, whereby, in contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a changeover contact is not achieved with two mating contact elements arranged at opposite ends of the relay, but with two mating contact elements lying one above the other.
  • the movable contact spring 38 is fastened on one side of the base 39 to its connecting element 40 and can be switched with its free end between two mating contact elements 41 and 42.
  • a bead 43 stamped into the contact spring 38 serves as the point of attack for the armature.
  • a particularly long free spring length is obtained for the contact spring 38.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 8 shows an external pressure contact arrangement with loosely inserted contact springs.
  • the base 44 with the mating contact elements 45 and 46 and the connection element 47 for the contact spring 48 is configured similarly to the base 14 according to FIG. 1.
  • the contact spring 48 is not fastened to the connection element 47 by welding, but rather by a bead 49 in a flat recess 50 of the connecting element 47 is mounted.
  • the spring is held in a form-fitting manner in the roller bearing formed by the recess 50.
  • the parts in the storage area can be covered with precious metal.
  • a corresponding design with loosely inserted contact springs is of course also possible with self-pressure contacts.
  • the contact springs 51 are fastened to the armature 53 via an insulating piece 52.
  • the base 54 carries mating contact elements 55 and 56 and a connection element 57 for the contact spring 51.
  • the electrical connection between the connection element 57 and the contact spring 51 is produced by a flexible copper foil 58.
  • a smooth insulating film 59 is also clamped between the armature 53 and the insulating piece 52 and isolates the armature from the contact spring 51 when actuated.
  • FIG. 10 shows modifications of the magnet system of FIG. 1, each in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment with a coil former 61 which is modified compared to FIG. 1 and which obtains a larger winding space because the permanent magnet 62 is made smaller.
  • the changing room is divided into two parts 65 and 66. Places for a getter 11 are also indicated with dashed lines. Due to the greater distance of the permanent magnet 62 from the armature pivot point, the embodiment according to FIG. 10 is more monostable than that according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 11 shows a coil former 67 with two winding spaces 68 and 69, the permanent magnet 70 being arranged between the two winding spaces.
  • the permanent magnet 70 is close to the armature pivot point, so that this relay is only slightly asymmetrical and more bistable.
  • the coil body 71 has an enlarged winding space, the armature being mounted eccentrically on the coil flange 72. This causes strokes of different sizes in the working air gaps 4 and 5.
  • Such an embodiment may be useful for a particular contact arrangement where e.g. one contact needs a larger contact opening than the other.
  • FIG. 12 shows the fastening of a getter tablet 74 by means of a resilient holder 75 which is molded onto the coil body 71. Such attachment is of course also possible in all other embodiments of the relay.
  • FIG. 13 shows a magnet system in which the base body 76 in turn has an enlarged winding space.
  • the coil is bridged by a bearing plate 77 made of metal or plastic. If the bearing plate is made of soft magnetic material and, as shown in dashed lines, is guided over the permanent magnet 79 with an extension 78, it additionally serves as a flux guide for the continuous flow.
  • a bearing plate 77 is shown in FIG. 14.
  • the lateral projections 80 serve to guide the armature.
  • FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a bobbin 81, in which a bearing bridge 82 is integrally formed on a film hinge 83. After winding the coil, it can be engaged with a hook 84 on the coil body flange 85.
  • a carrier 87 is fastened on the permanent magnet 86 and forms a cutting edge bearing 88 for the armature 89. If this carrier 87 is made of soft magnetic material, it also serves as a flux guide for the permanent magnetic flux. The armature stroke can be adjusted by bending the carrier 87.
  • a bearing bracket 90 is embedded in a coil flange 91.
  • FIG. 18 A similar embodiment is shown in FIG. 18, where a bearing bracket 92 is inserted into a coil flange 93 and rests on the other coil flange 94.
  • a bearing plate 95 consisting of metal or plastic, is pressed into a coil flange 96.
  • 20 shows a bistable magnet system embodiment in which the armature 97 is mounted on the cutting edge directly on the permanent magnet 98.
  • the armature stroke can be adjusted by inserting plate 99 between permanent magnet 98 and core 100.
  • 21 shows a similar embodiment, wherein only the armature 97 is not mounted directly on the magnet 101, but on a separate bearing plate 102 covering the magnet.
  • This bearing plate 102 can also be made of metal or plastic. If it is to be made of insulating material, it can also be made in one piece with the coil former 103. In this case, the permanent magnet 101 can be inserted laterally.
  • FIG. 22 shows a symmetrical structure of a coil former 104 with two permanent magnets 105 and 106. If one permanent magnet is weakened compared to the other, the magnet system is monostable; if both magnets are magnetized to the same degree, the system is bistable. In this way, a separate magnetic adjustment and an adjustment of the relay characteristic is possible.
  • FIG. 23 shows a magnet system with a straight armature 107 and a core 108 bent at the ends.
  • the coil body 109 or the core 108 must be formed in two parts in order to enable assembly, or the core must be embedded immediately when the coil body is sprayed .
  • both the core 110 and the armature 111 are cranked at the ends.
  • Identical parts can be used for the core and for the anchor.
  • the problem of assembling the core and coil former as in the embodiment according to FIG. 23 also arises in this case.
  • FIG. 25 shows an embodiment with a cranked core 112 which, in conjunction with an armature 3 according to FIG. 1, enables a particularly large volume for the permanent magnet 113.
  • the most efficient solution for the magnet system is shown in FIG. 26.
  • the armature 114 is identical to the core 115, namely cranked at one end. In this case, the core can be pressed into the coil former as in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 27 finally shows a spring-loaded armature 116, in which a bearing spring 117 is welded on at position 118.
  • the bearing spring 117 is snapped into a recess 119 in the coil flange 120 with its hook-shaped end 117a.
  • the permanent magnet 10 is inserted from the side.
  • the armature is supported on the rounded bearing flange 121 and is tied on all sides.
  • the lateral projections 13 of the bearing flange serve as shock protection.
  • the bearing spring directs the armature and supports the monostability of the magnet system. Otherwise, the relay according to FIG. 27 is constructed in exactly the same way as the relay according to FIG. 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Relais électromagnétique polarisé comportant un corps de bobine (1; 61; 67; 71; 76; 81; 103; 104; 109), qui porte au moins un enroulement (8; 65, 66; 68, 69) et est traversé axialement par un noyau de bobine (2; 100; 108; 110; 112; 115), une armature basculante (3; 33; 53; 63; 73; 89; 97; 107; 111; 114; 116) disposée à l'extérieur de l'enroulement de bobine (8; 65, 66; 68, 69), parallèlement à l'axe de la bobine, et qui est montée de façon à pouvoir pivoter au moyen de sa partie centrale et forme, par ses deux extrémités (3a, 3b), des entrefers de travail respectifs (4, 5) avec les extrémités respectives du noyau de bobine (2; 100; 108; 110; 112; 115), l'armature (3; 33; 53; 63; 73; 89; 97; 107; 111; 114; 116) shuntant au moins un enroulement de bobine (8; 65, 66; 68, 69) et au moins un aimant permanent (10; 62; 70; 79; 86; 98; 101 ; 105, 106; 113) disposé à côté de l'enroulement de bobine (8) ou à côté des enroulements de bobine (65, 66; 68, 69); ainsi qu'un dispositif de support (14; 34; 39; 44, 54) relié au corps de bobine (1; 61; 67; 71; 76; 81; 103; 104; 109) et prévu pour les organes de contact mobiles (20; 35; 38; 48; 51 ) et pour les organes de contact antagonistes (17, 18; 36, 37; 41, 42; 45, 46; 55, 56), l'actionnement des contacts au moyen de l'armature basculante étant réalisé sans organe intermédiaire monté séparément, caractérisé par le fait qu'au choix, un aimant permanent (10; 62; 70; 79; 86; 98; 101; 113) ou deux aimants permanents (105, 106) sont disposés à côté de l'enroulement de bobine (8) ou à côté des enroulements de bobine (65, 66; 68, 69), lors qu'on regarde suivant la direction longitudinale d'une bobine (2; 100; 108; 110; 112; 115), et que chaque aimant permanent est appliqué, par un pôle, directement sur le corps de bobine (2; 100; 108; 110; 112; 115), que l'armature (3; 33; 53; 63; 73; 89; 97; 107; 111; 114; 116) entoure, en association avec le noyau de bobine (2; 100; 108; 110; 112; 115), l'aimant permanent (105, 106) ou les aimants permanents (10; 62; 70; 79; 86; 98; 101; 113) et est disposée entre l'enroulement de bobine (8) ou les enroulements de bobine (65, 66; 68, 69) et le second pôle du ou des aimants permanents (10; 62; 70, 79; 86; 98; 101; 105; 106; 113) d'une part et un socle (14; 34; 39; 44; 54) servant de dispositif de support pour les organes de contact (17, 18, 20; 35, 36, 37; 38, 41, 42; 54, 55, 56) et situé au-dessous du corps de bobine (1; 61; 67; 71; 76; 81; 103; 104; 109) d'autre part, et que l'armature (3; 33, 53; 63; 73; 89; 97; 107; 111; 114; 116) ou les organes de contact mobiles (20; 35, 36; 48; 51) comportent des revêtements isolants respectifs (21 ) au niveau de leurs points de contact réciproques.
2. Relais suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'armature (3) est supportée, au moyen d'un enfoncement cylindrique formé par une empreinte en creux, sur une nervure de forme cylindrique (7a) d'un flasque de bobine (7).
3. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le corps de bobine (1 ) comporte, dans des zones des flasques à côté de l'armature, des organes saillants (23) qui prennent appui sur des surfaces d'appui (24) du socle (14) et fixent la distance entre l'armature et le dispositif à contacts.
4. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les organes (17, 18, 19) de raccordement des contacts sont scellés dans le socle (14) et que des surfaces supérieures de contact (29) ou des surfaces d'appui (19a) pour des ressorts de contact mobiles (20) se terminent de niveau dans un plan avec la surface du socle (14).
5. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les organes de contact antagonistes (36, 37) s'engagent par dessus les extrémités des organes de contact mobiles (35), qui, pour leur part, sont précontraints sous la forme de contact à pression propre en direction de l'armature (33) par rapport aux organes de contact antagonistes (36, 37).
6. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que les organes de contact mobiles (48) sont supportés par une zone de support (49) marquée en creux dans une encoche (5) de leurs organes de raccordement (47) et sont maintenus par leur précontrainte.
7. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que les organes de contact mobiles (51) sont fixés par l'intermédiaire d'un organe isolant (52) sur l'armature (53) et sont reliés électriquement, au moyen d'une feuille conductrice (58), à des organes de raccordement respectifs (57) sur le socle (54).
8. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'un organe de support (77, 82, 87, 90, 92) pour l'armature est disposé entre l'enroulement de bobine et l'armature (3).
9. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'aimant permanent (98, 101 ) est disposé dans une chambre du corps de bobine (103) entre deux sections de l'enroulement et que l'armature (97) est tourillonné au niveau de la chambre.
10. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le corps de bobine (104) forme, avec une bride centrale, un point de soutien pour l'armature (3) et qu'il est prévu des aimants respectifs (105, 106) qui sont disposés de manière à jouxter les flasques d'extrémité de l'enroulement.
EP84101008A 1983-02-03 1984-02-01 Relais électromagnétique polarisé Expired EP0118715B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3303665 1983-02-03
DE19833303665 DE3303665A1 (de) 1983-02-03 1983-02-03 Polarisiertes elektromagnetisches relais

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0118715A1 EP0118715A1 (fr) 1984-09-19
EP0118715B1 true EP0118715B1 (fr) 1987-05-13

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US (1) US4551698A (fr)
EP (1) EP0118715B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59143235A (fr)
DE (2) DE3303665A1 (fr)

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DE59303588D1 (de) * 1992-05-15 1996-10-02 Siemens Ag Polarisiertes leistungsrelais
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FR2742917B1 (fr) * 1995-12-22 1998-02-13 Suisse Electronique Microtech Dispositif miniature pour executer une fonction predeterminee, notamment microrelais
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US20180025824A1 (en) * 2015-02-01 2018-01-25 K.A. Advertising Solutions Ltd. Electromagnetic actuator
JP6458705B2 (ja) 2015-10-29 2019-01-30 オムロン株式会社 リレー
JP6471678B2 (ja) * 2015-10-29 2019-02-20 オムロン株式会社 接触片ユニット及びリレー
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0118715A1 (fr) 1984-09-19
JPS59143235A (ja) 1984-08-16
US4551698A (en) 1985-11-05
DE3303665A1 (de) 1984-08-09
DE3463707D1 (en) 1987-06-19

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