EP0099321B1 - Dispositif d'affichage d'informations graphiques - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage d'informations graphiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0099321B1
EP0099321B1 EP83710040A EP83710040A EP0099321B1 EP 0099321 B1 EP0099321 B1 EP 0099321B1 EP 83710040 A EP83710040 A EP 83710040A EP 83710040 A EP83710040 A EP 83710040A EP 0099321 B1 EP0099321 B1 EP 0099321B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
symbol
memory
image
bits
information
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83710040A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0099321A2 (fr
EP0099321A3 (en
Inventor
Jan-Erik Lundström
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0099321A2 publication Critical patent/EP0099321A2/fr
Publication of EP0099321A3 publication Critical patent/EP0099321A3/de
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Publication of EP0099321B1 publication Critical patent/EP0099321B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/22—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of characters or indicia using display control signals derived from coded signals representing the characters or indicia, e.g. with a character-code memory
    • G09G5/222—Control of the character-code memory

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for reproducing graphic information according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the arrangement contains a symbol memory, in which information about the dot pattern of the available symbols is stored, and an image memory, in which information about the position of the symbols belonging to the current image is stored.
  • Regeneration of the image is understood to mean the repeated reproduction (illustration) of an image on a display unit, e.g. B. 50 times per second with an electron beam screen.
  • the electron beam normally starts in the upper left corner of the screen.
  • the electron beam glides across the screen from left to right from top to bottom.
  • the electron beam always comes first to the top left corner of each symbol.
  • the upper left corner of the character should therefore always be stored in the image memory.
  • Another requirement for a display device of the type mentioned is that the input and deletion of individual characters or the entire image can be carried out quickly and easily.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a display device of the type mentioned, with a simple and quick regeneration of the symbols on the screen, fast reading of the information content of the image, a quick and easy entry and deletion of characters and a quick deletion of the full screen is possible.
  • Display devices of the type discussed here are e.g. Known from US-A-4 131 883, but these display devices have the disadvantages described above.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a display device according to the invention.
  • a communication processor 12 known per se serves as a link between the display device and the environment.
  • the processor 12 controls the input of symbols into the display device, the reading out of the information content of the image and the deletion of the image or individual image symbols.
  • An address transformation memory 5 contains a word for each symbol depicted on the screen can be. Each word contains the address for the associated symbol in the symbol memory 6. The information that describes the appearance of each symbol on the screen is stored in the symbol memory 6, and any number of words in the symbol memory can be assigned to each symbol.
  • the address transformation memory 5 When the address transformation memory 5 is addressed with the code of a particular symbol, the address transformation memory provides an address or an indication signal for the storage location of the first item or the first word of the symbol in the symbol memory.
  • An image memory 7 stores information about the appearance of the image just written on the screen. It is assumed in the following that the screen is divided into units, so-called Tessel, of 3 times 3 pixels.
  • the image memory contains one word for each tessel on the screen. This word contains information about the color of the tessel, the symbol code for the current symbol, as well as whether the current tessel contains the upper left corner of the symbol (starting point) or its definition point.
  • An auxiliary memory 2 serves as a simplified image of the image memory 7.
  • the auxiliary memory 2 contains one bit per tessel, ie for each word in the image memory.
  • the auxiliary memory is therefore a memory with a smaller capacity than the image memory.
  • there are two address note memories 3 which are used alternately.
  • Each address memo memory has as many words as there are tags in a line of the screen. At the places in the address note memory that correspond to the leftmost tessel of each of the symbols that appear with at least one of its parts in the current line, the address for the named tessel is written into the symbol memory. Each word in the address memo also contains information about the color of the symbol in question.
  • An image processor 1 which may include a microprocessor, a pair (preferably two) of counters, an encoder and a register, controls the operation of units 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 and the communication between these units. The image processor also controls the reading out of the image information for the display unit (screen) 11. The reading is carried out via three line buffers 4. Each line buffer contains the information required to display a raster line on the screen.
  • the line buffer For each picture element on the raster line, the line buffer contains on the one hand information about whether the picture element should be light or dark and on the other hand information about the color of the picture element.
  • the three line buffers together cover three grid lines, ie a tessel line.
  • the display unit 11 contains a cathode-ray screen and the necessary video circuitry for displaying the information stored in the line buffers on the screen.
  • the image processor 1 contains a microprocessor 1a, an X counter 1b, a Y counter 1c, a priority encoder 1d and a data register 1e.
  • the processor 1a a controls the functional sequence of the units 5, 6, 7, 2, 4, 3, 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e and the data flow between these units and the video circuits 11.
  • the processor also contains an X register with a capacity of 3 bits.
  • the X counter 1b indicates the current X coordinate, calculated in the number of words in the auxiliary memory. Since each word in the auxiliary memory consists of 8 bits, the X counter counts in units of 8 tags in the X direction.
  • the Y counter indicates the current Y coordinate, calculated in Tesseln.
  • the data register 1e receives word after word from the auxiliary memory and stores each word.
  • the word encoder currently stored in the data register is fed to the priority encoder 1d, and this indicates the most significant bit in the word.
  • This information is fed to the X register, which stores the information about the location of the most significant bit in the X direction.
  • the content of the X counter 1b together with the content of the X register therefore gives
  • An addressing and control bus (multiple line) 9 and a data bus 10 ensure the flow of control signals and information-carrying signals between the units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
  • the communication processor 12 controls the units 2, 5, 6 and 7 via an addressing and control bus 13, and the flow of information between these units and the communication processor flows via a data bus 12a.
  • a microprocessor of the type Motorola 6800/68000, Intel 8080/8086 or the like can be used for the two processors 1a and 12.
  • the image memory 7, the address transformation memory 5, the auxiliary memory 2, the line buffer 4 and the address note memory 3 can be integrated circuits (IC) of the type 4116, 6116 (RAM) or the like.
  • the symbol memory 6 can be a type 2716, 2764 IC (EPROM) or the like.
  • the priority encoder 1d may be a 74148 IC.
  • the data register 1e can be an IC of the type 74273, 74373 or 74374.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a character representation (reproduction) on a screen of the raster scan type.
  • a circle “o” indicates the coordinates that are best suited for the regeneration of characters, i. H. the upper left corner of each character, i.e. the part of the character that the electron beam hits first when it scans the screen.
  • the coordinates that are best suited for reading out the information content of the image are identified by an "X". It follows from the information content that the word "good” is written on grid line No. 10.
  • the "territory" of each character is delimited with thicker lines in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the information content in the auxiliary memory 2 in the illustration (reproduction) of the image according to FIG. 3.
  • the upper left corners of the four characters are in the auxiliary memory with ones in the YX coordinates (3, 27), (6, 2 ), (6, 9) and (6, 16).
  • the code positions (definition points) are noted with ones in the YX coordinates (10, 2), (10, 9), (10, 16) and (10, 23). There are zeros in the remaining memory cells.
  • the "territory" of the signs is outlined in dashed lines. The stronger vertical lines show the limits for the word division in the auxiliary memory, where each word has a width of 8 bits.
  • the remaining nine bits contain information about the bit pattern for a tessel of the current symbol.
  • the first three bits determine the content of line a of the tank (FIG. 6a), the following three bits that of line b and the last three bits that of line c of the tank.
  • the first three bits of the word are concatenation bits.
  • Figure 6b shows one of these cases.
  • the first three bits have the combination 001, which shows that the character has ended for the time being, but continues after a jump of a certain length on the same line.
  • the remaining 8 bits of the word contain information about the length of the jump.
  • the other case is shown in Fig. 6c.
  • the first three bits have the combination 000, which means that the character in the current line has ended and that the left margin of the character in the next line has shifted relative to the left margin on the current line.
  • the remaining 8 bits of the word describe the character and the size of the shift mentioned.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further example of a symbol and its representation in the symbol memory 6.
  • the symbol consists of 13 tessels (symbol matrices) with 3 times 3 points each: b, c, d, f, g, h, i, j, k, m, n, o and p.
  • the tessel marked with a small m is the definition tessel of the symbol, i.e. the tessel that contains the definition point. It is used when reading the information content of the image.
  • the symbol is described in the symbol memory by 16 words a to p, the meaning of which is shown in the following table:
  • FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the address transformation memory 5 and the symbol memory 6.
  • the address transformation memory 5 is addressed with a symbol code which indicates which of the 512 possible symbol codes is currently being handled (is current).
  • a symbol code which indicates which of the 512 possible symbol codes is currently being handled (is current).
  • the symbol code in the address transformation memory there is an address which contains a so-called display signal which points to the location in the symbol memory at which the description of the symbol begins. This means that the display signal contains the address to the first of the words in the symbol memory, which contains information about the dot pattern of the symbol.
  • FIG. 9 shows a program flowchart which describes the function of the image processor in the imaging (reproduction) of an image on the screen. It is assumed that the image is stored in the image memory 7 and the auxiliary memory 2. A constant and unchanged image is reproduced in such a way that the entire image is written onto the screen, for example 50 times per second. This repeated reproduction of an unchanged image is called regeneration. This course will be explained below using the program flow chart in FIG. 9 and the figures described above.
  • the line buffer 4 In the initial position, the line buffer 4, the address note memory 3, the X and Y counters 1 b and 1 c and the data register 1c are set to zero.
  • the X counter is advanced by one via the control lines 8 to the signal “start of image search” from the video circuits 11.
  • the contents of the X and Y counters are put on the addressing and control bus 9, and the auxiliary memory 2 is addressed.
  • the first 8 data bits are put into the data register 1e. If all bits are zeros, the priority encoder 1d reports this to the processor 1a.
  • the processor 1a advances the X counter 1b again by one, and a new read operation takes place at the next address in the auxiliary memory 2. This is repeated as long as the content in data register 1e is zero (only zeros).
  • the priority encoder 1d reports this to the processor 1a.
  • the priority encoder also gives the processor the bit number for the highest priority bit. This bit must necessarily represent the upper left corner of the first symbol encountered. (See Figure 3).
  • the X and Y counters 1b / 1c together with the three bits from the priority encoder 1d now form the address for the location in the image memory 7 which contains the code for the symbol encountered (see FIG. 5 for this format).
  • the content of this memory location is transferred to the processor 1a via the data bus 10.
  • the processor 1a now has the code of the symbol.
  • This code is given as an address in the address transformation memory 5.
  • the address transformation memory 5 contains a storage location for every possible code; 512 storage locations in the present example.
  • the addressed memory location contains a display signal for the address of the first of the words describing the symbol in the symbol memory 6 (see FIG. 8). This display signal is fetched to the processor 1a and, on the one hand, written into that of the 240 locations of the address note memory 3, which were indicated by the X counter 1b and the priority encoder 1d.
  • the symbol memory 7 is read.
  • the content of the addressed memory space in the symbol memory contains, on the one hand, bit patterns, which are entered into the correct place in the line buffers 4 together with the color bits (8 pieces in the present example) from the image memory, and, on the other hand, concatenation bits (see figure 6).
  • the processor increases the content of the X counter by one, and the content of a new memory location in the auxiliary memory 2 is read into the data register 1e. The process then continues as described above.
  • the processor calculates this shift and the result is the address at set 2 of the address memo memory 3. At this address, the processor stores the address for the next item of the symbol in the symbol memory 5.
  • the start address of the symbol in set 1 is now also set to zero by the processor.
  • the processor 1 a waits.
  • the video circuits 11 thus gradually start reading and processing the contents of the line buffers 4 for display on the screen.
  • the processor can resume filling the line buffers.
  • the video circuits 11 continuously signal to the processor when a new filling for the next line of information can begin.
  • the processor reads address for address from the second set of address memo. If the content differs from zero, then the address for the next item in the symbol memory 6 stands for a symbol that has started but has not yet been completed. The rest of the processing takes place in accordance with the description above. A started symbol always has priority over a new symbol from auxiliary memory 2. A new one in the area of a symbol only indicates the code position of the symbol and does not require any special treatment (see FIG. 4).
  • the set 1 of the address note memory 3 serves to continue the characters. It therefore takes on the function that sentence 2 had when regenerating the 1st line.
  • the processor continues this interplay between the two sets, the respective function of a set depending on whether an even or an odd line is being processed.
  • the upper left corner of a symbol and the code position of the symbol can coincide.
  • the image memory contains a one in the most significant bit MSB of the word (see FIG. 5).
  • MSB only serves as an aid for the communication processor in order to identify the code position of the symbol.
  • FIG. 10 shows a program flow chart for reading the information content of an image. The reading is carried out by the communication processor 12. The program flow chart shows the reading of the information content of the whole picture.
  • Figure 11 shows a program flow chart for entering a new symbol in the image.
  • the input is made via the communication processor 12.
  • the code and the coordinate of the symbol are known (they can be obtained from an external source).
  • the name MSB appears in the first field after the start, which means the most significant bit.
  • the program flow chart after the start is to be said that the definition chair of the symbol is known, and from this one can be counted backwards with the help of chaining bits up to the coordinate for the upper left corner of the symbol.
  • the fifth symbol after the start it must be said that the most significant bit must be set to 0 here.
  • the sixth symbol after the start it must be said that ones have to be put in the places for the upper left corner of the symbol and for the definition chair of the symbol.
  • Figure 12 shows a program flow chart for deleting an entire image. This is done by the communication processor 12. Only the auxiliary memory needs to be deleted to achieve this goal; the image memory need not be addressed here.
  • the invention achieves great advantages for a display device of the type discussed.
  • the main ones are:
  • the screen can easily be adapted to texts with writing directions other than those described above, for example from right to left or in columns.
  • the display arrangement described can be constructed in many different ways.
  • two separate auxiliary memories can be used, one for the definition elements and one for the start elements.
  • the auxiliary memory or the auxiliary memories need not be objectively separated from the image memory, but it is assumed that they are logically (functionally) separated from the image memory in order to achieve the advantages with the invention.
  • the reading of the information content of an image occurs especially when the image stored in the display device according to the invention is to be transferred to a larger central computer in order to be stored in the database of this computer.
  • the display device according to the invention can be used as a terminal, e.g. B. in a control room that is connected to the central computer. This connection is established via the communication processor 12.
  • the most significant bit in a binary number is the bit with the highest significance, that is to say the leftmost bit with the significance "one".
  • the most significant bit is the left-most bit of the word stored in the image memory (identification bit in FIG. 5). It can be zero or one.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Digital Computer Display Output (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Dispositif pour restituer des informations graphiques sous la forme de symboles (signes) de dimensions quelconques et sous la forme de matrices de points sur un appareil de restitution (11) du type à balayage matriciel, par exemple sur un écran d'image, avec une mémoire à symboles (6) dans laquelle sont mémorisées les informations relatives au modèle de poins des symboles disponibles, et avec une mémoire d'images (7) dans laquelle sont mémorisées des informations relatives à la position des symboles appartenant à l'image précisément présente, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une mémoire auxiliaire (2) dans laquelle sont mémorisées des informations pour chaque symbole appartenant à l'image actuelle, d'une part, relatives à la position de l'élément de symbole dans l'image qui doit, lors de la réception, être écrit en premier lieu (élément de lancement), et, d'autre part, relative à la position de l'élément de définition du symbole, et qu'à l'emplacement de la mémoire d'images, qui correspond à la position de l'élément de définition du symbole dans l'image, est mémorisé un code qui identifie le symbole.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la mémoire d'images comporte un mot pour chaque emplacement d'élément d'image sur l'écran d'image, caractérisé par le fait que la mémoire auxiliaire est une mémoire distincte de la mémoire d'image, qui comporte, tout comme la mémoire d'image, un mot pour chaque emplacement d'élément d'image sur l'écran d'image.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la longueur des mots dans la mémoire auxiliaire est plus petite que dans la mémoire d'image.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la longueur des mots dans la mémoire auxiliaire est égale à 1 bit.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des appareils (1, 12) qui, lors de la restitution (reproduction) d'une marge explorent la mémoire auxiliaire et prélèvent, lors de l'incidence sur un élément d'image qui est un élément de lancement pour un symbole, le code de ce symbole dans l'emplacement correspondant dans la mémoire d'image.
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des appareils (1,12) qui à la lecture du contenu des informations de l'image explorent la mémoire auxiliaire et prélèvent lors de l'incidence sur l'élément d'image qui est un élément de définition d'un symbole, le code de ce symbole de l'emplacement correspondant dans la mémoire d'image.
EP83710040A 1982-06-24 1983-06-22 Dispositif d'affichage d'informations graphiques Expired EP0099321B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8203946A SE431597B (sv) 1982-06-24 1982-06-24 Anordning for presentation av grafisk information i form av symboler av godtycklig storlek pa en bildskerm
SE8203946 1982-06-24

Publications (3)

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EP0099321A2 EP0099321A2 (fr) 1984-01-25
EP0099321A3 EP0099321A3 (en) 1986-01-08
EP0099321B1 true EP0099321B1 (fr) 1988-09-21

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EP83710040A Expired EP0099321B1 (fr) 1982-06-24 1983-06-22 Dispositif d'affichage d'informations graphiques

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US4591850A (fr)
EP (1) EP0099321B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS597395A (fr)
DE (1) DE3378084D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK293183A (fr)
FI (1) FI832270L (fr)
NO (1) NO832258L (fr)
SE (1) SE431597B (fr)

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DE3508321A1 (de) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-11 CREATEC Gesellschaft für Elektrotechnik mbH, 1000 Berlin Programmierbare schaltung zur steuerung einer fluessigkristallanzeige
US4663619A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-05-05 Honeywell Inc. Memory access modes for a video display generator
SE454224B (sv) * 1985-04-10 1988-04-11 Lundstrom Jan Erik Bildskermsenhet for presentation av grafisk information
US4806921A (en) * 1985-10-04 1989-02-21 Ateq Corporation Rasterizer for pattern generator
JPS62204955A (ja) * 1986-03-05 1987-09-09 Minolta Camera Co Ltd 文字画像発生回路
US4825381A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-04-25 Rockwell International Corporation Moving map display
US4845631A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-07-04 Rockwell International Corporation Scrolling image memory for high speed avionics moving map display
US5297247A (en) * 1987-07-07 1994-03-22 Chinese Computers Limited Display device
US5016191A (en) * 1988-09-02 1991-05-14 Tektronix, Inc. Half toning pixel processor
FR2657988B1 (fr) * 1990-02-06 1995-09-29 Sextant Avionique Procede et dispositif d'affichage sur ecran a matrice de points.
GB9021920D0 (en) * 1990-10-09 1990-11-21 Texas Instruments Ltd Improvements in or relating to raster-scanned displays

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US3609743A (en) * 1967-02-01 1971-09-28 Burroughs Corp Display unit
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS597395A (ja) 1984-01-14
DK293183A (da) 1983-12-25
DK293183D0 (da) 1983-06-24
SE8203946L (sv) 1983-12-25
NO832258L (no) 1983-12-27
SE431597B (sv) 1984-02-13
SE8203946D0 (sv) 1982-06-24
DE3378084D1 (en) 1988-10-27
FI832270A0 (fi) 1983-06-21
EP0099321A2 (fr) 1984-01-25
US4591850A (en) 1986-05-27
EP0099321A3 (en) 1986-01-08
FI832270L (fi) 1983-12-25

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