EP0084770B1 - Dispositif d'écoulement des précipitations d'une paroi interne verticale d'un réservoir à toit flottant - Google Patents

Dispositif d'écoulement des précipitations d'une paroi interne verticale d'un réservoir à toit flottant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0084770B1
EP0084770B1 EP83100026A EP83100026A EP0084770B1 EP 0084770 B1 EP0084770 B1 EP 0084770B1 EP 83100026 A EP83100026 A EP 83100026A EP 83100026 A EP83100026 A EP 83100026A EP 0084770 B1 EP0084770 B1 EP 0084770B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
layers
tank wall
tank
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83100026A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0084770A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Ing.Grad. Imhof
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INGENIEURBURO IMHOF GmbH
Ingenieurbuero Imhof GmbH
Original Assignee
INGENIEURBURO IMHOF GmbH
Ingenieurbuero Imhof GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INGENIEURBURO IMHOF GmbH, Ingenieurbuero Imhof GmbH filed Critical INGENIEURBURO IMHOF GmbH
Priority to AT83100026T priority Critical patent/ATE13652T1/de
Publication of EP0084770A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084770A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0084770B1 publication Critical patent/EP0084770B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/34—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets
    • B65D88/42—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets with sealing means between cover rim and receptacle
    • B65D88/46—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets with sealing means between cover rim and receptacle with mechanical means acting on the seal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/34—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets
    • B65D88/42—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets with sealing means between cover rim and receptacle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for removing the rainwater from the vertical inner wall of a floating roof tank, consisting of an annular scraper element which is pressed resiliently against the tank wall above conventional annular gap seals or weather plates.
  • annular gap between vertical tank wall and floating roof required for the trouble-free vertical movement of the floating roof must be closed by an elastic sealing element that is able to compensate for operational changes in the annular gap width as well as severe out-of-roundness and bulges in the tank wall and the escape of product vapors or penetration to prevent rainwater as much as possible.
  • annular gap seals on floating roof tanks are usually divided into a primary seal and a secondary seal, with the primary seal facing the stored product being intended to retain the majority of the product vapors and the secondary seal directed against the atmosphere, in addition to improving the overall sealing effect, also to prevent the ingress of rainwater.
  • the rainwater falling against the inner wall of the tank under driving rain cannot be drained off from the weather plates, especially since the ends of the weather plates directed towards the tank wall are usually rounded, so that the weather plates cannot get stuck to the tank wall or the coating of the inner wall of the tank can damage when the floating roof moves upwards.
  • constructions which start from the aforementioned weather plates (US 4,116,358), or narrow spring legs (DE-A-23 58 636) as supports and with the aid of a sealing apron and one which closes the entire annular gap width endlessly above or below the weather plates or spring legs
  • Endless profile seals attached to the ends of the weather plates or spring legs represent a real secondary seal with good emission reduction and drainage of the precipitation falling into the annular gap.
  • the water film on the tank wall caused by driving rain cannot be removed effectively by these constructions either.
  • the invention was therefore based on the object of developing a water-stripping element which is able to interrupt the water film running down a vertical tank wall, to pull the water towards itself and to discharge it at a suitable point.
  • This element should be able to be attached above known secondary seals or weather plates.
  • the water-stripping element should be sufficiently elastic and vapor-tight from the product side, so that it can also perform the function of a sealing body for limiting the steam emissions in addition to the safe removal of the water film.
  • a conventional above Annular gap seals or weather plates resiliently pressed against the tank wall, consist of a layered pack of elastic materials, which are built up alternately in the vertical direction from water-absorbing and permeable layers and from water-impermeable layers, the upper and lower cover layers consisting of water-impermeable layers and the entire
  • the cross-section of the pack forms a rhomboid, so that when pressed against the tank wall, the individual layers are directed at an acute angle against the tank wall and each end of the layer comes into full contact with the tank wall, and that the stripper pack, which is made up of individual pieces, forms a closed ring short receiving profile pieces held and pressed by a plurality of individually acting spring elements against the tank wall, the vertical webs of the receiving profile pieces are perforated, so that the water absorbed can drain here.
  • the water-permeable layers consist of materials with a felt, fleece-like or fibrous or otherwise absorbent and water-permeable structure. Suitable for this are, for example, needle felt or needle fleece made of corrosion, weather and putresistant plastics.
  • the water-impermeable layers are advantageously produced by applying a rubber coating or an elastic plastic mass between the water-permeable layers. This gives the entire package the required strength and elasticity.
  • the top and bottom of the pack are also formed from water-impermeable layers, the bottom being given a particularly thick rubber coating or coating, so that the entire pack is vapor-tight from below.
  • the wiper pack which is made up of individual pieces to form a closed ring, is advantageously held in short receiving profile pieces and pressed against the tank wall by a large number of individually acting spring elements.
  • the receiving profile pieces are perforated on their vertical webs, so that the water absorbed can drain off here.
  • the water film running down the inner wall of the tank is first cut up by the wiper pack. Part of the water is drained directly from the wall via the top cover layer of the pack. The remaining amount of water penetrates into the water-permeable layers of the pack, is forcibly guided away from the tank wall by the water-impermeable layers and emerges from the perforation of the receiving profile pieces.
  • the weather plates or the apron of the secondary seal which are located below the wiper pack, conduct the water to the floating roof.
  • the number of layers and total thickness of the wiper pack are to be dimensioned so that even in the event of extreme rainfall, the lowest, water-permeable layer only has to drain small amounts of water. By interposing the water-impermeable layers, the water-permeable layer underneath cannot be moistened from above and thus retains its full water-absorbing effect.
  • Fig. 1 the operation of the wiper pack described according to the invention is shown.
  • the scraper pack generally designated by the reference number 2
  • the water-permeable layers 3 consist of plastic needle felt
  • the water-impermeable layers 4 are produced by applying a rubber-elastic plastic mass.
  • the water film 6 running down the tank wall 1 is cut up when it hits the wiper pack 2. Part of the water is already diverted from the tank wall by the top cover layer of the pack. The rest of the water film gets into the gap between the tank wall and the wiper pack.
  • the water-permeable layers 3 gradually suck the remaining water film from the tank wall.
  • the water-impermeable layers 4 prevent mutual moistening of the water-absorbing layers, so that the layer underneath in each case retains its full suction effect and, on the other hand, the water absorbed in the individual layers is forcibly diverted to the rear of the wiper pack.
  • the lower cover layer 5 of the wiper pack is particularly thick and at the same time acts as a sealing element to limit product emissions.
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective sectional view of a secondary seal on a floating roof tank with the wiper packing described according to the invention as an external contact element to the tank wall, which at the same time fulfills the function of a profile seal.
  • Comparable components are with those used for Fig. 1 Reference numbers designated, but which are provided with an index line.
  • the wiper pack 2 'sits non-positively in short, C-shaped receiving profile pieces 7, which are pressed against the tank wall by narrow spring strips 9.
  • the secondary sealing apron 10 is permanently connected, which spans the entire annular gap 11 and is fastened together with the spring bands 9 to the outer, upper edge of the floating roof 12.
  • the C-shaped receiving profile pieces 7 are perforated 8 on their vertical webs, so that the water absorbed by the tank wall can escape here and is discharged above the secondary sealing apron 10 to the swimming pool.
  • FIG 3 shows the wiper pack described according to the invention in connection with conventional weather plates.
  • the wiper pack 2 is attached to the upper end of the weather plates 9" by means of Z-shaped receiving profile pieces 7 "and is directed at an acute angle against the tank wall 1".
  • the water emerging at the perforation 8 "of the Z-shaped receiving profile pieces 7" is discharged via the weather plates 9 "to the floating roof 12".

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Dispositif pour enlever l'eau de précipitation de la paroi interne (1) verticale d'un réservoir à toit flottant, formé d'un élément de raclage (2) de forme annulaire, qui est pressé élastiquement contre la paroi du réservoir, au-dessus de dispositifs pour étancher le passage annulaire ou de déflecteurs en tôle contre les intempéries, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de raclage (2) est formé d'une garniture stratifiée de matériaux élastiques, qui est constituée de couches (3) absorbant et. laissant passer l'eau et de couches (4) imperméables à l'eau, qui alternent dans le sens vertical, les couches de recouvrement supérieure et inférieure étant des couches imperméables à l'eau et l'ensemble de la garniture ayant une section droite en forme de losange, de manière que les différentes couches (3, 4), lorsqu'elles sont pressées contre la paroi (1) du réservoir, forment un angle aigu avec la paroi du réservoir et que la face frontale de chacune d'elles soit pleinement en contact avec la paroi du réservoir et que, en outre, la garniture de raclage, composée de segments réunis en un anneau fermé, est tenue par de courts tronçons de profilés récepteurs (7) et est pressée contre la paroi du réservoir par un grand nombre d'éléments élastiques (9) agissant individuellement, les âmes verticales des profilés récepteurs étant perforées (8), de sorte que l'eau absorbée peut s'écouler à travers elles.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les couches perméables à l'eau (3) sont formées de matières plastiques qui résistent à la corrosion, aux intempéries et à la putréfaction et qui ont une structure en feutre, en voile, fibreuse ou une autre structure absorbante et perméable à l'eau.
3. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les couches imperméables à l'eau (4) ont été réalisées par application d'un enduit de gomme ou d'une masse de matière plastique élastique entre les couches perméables à l'eau (3).
4. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la couche de recouvrement inférieure (5) de la garniture de raclage (2) est formée d'un enduit particulièrement épais de gomme ou de matière plastique élastique, de sorte que l'élément de raclage est étanche aux vapeurs venant d'en bas.
EP83100026A 1982-01-25 1983-01-04 Dispositif d'écoulement des précipitations d'une paroi interne verticale d'un réservoir à toit flottant Expired EP0084770B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83100026T ATE13652T1 (de) 1982-01-25 1983-01-04 Vorrichtung zur entfernung des niederschlagswassers von der senkrechten innenwand eines schwimmdachtanks.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823202278 DE3202278A1 (de) 1982-01-25 1982-01-25 Vorrichtung zur entfernung des niederschlagswassers von der senkrechten innenwand eines schwimmdachtanks
DE3202278 1982-01-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084770A1 EP0084770A1 (fr) 1983-08-03
EP0084770B1 true EP0084770B1 (fr) 1985-06-05

Family

ID=6153861

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83100026A Expired EP0084770B1 (fr) 1982-01-25 1983-01-04 Dispositif d'écoulement des précipitations d'une paroi interne verticale d'un réservoir à toit flottant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4456144A (fr)
EP (1) EP0084770B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE13652T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3202278A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004001206A1 (de) * 2004-01-06 2005-08-04 Heinrich Imhof Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des Ringspalts zwischen einer Behälterinnenwand eines für eine Flüssigkeit bestimmten vertikalen Rundbehälters und einer schwimmenden Abdeckung

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4615458A (en) * 1985-08-05 1986-10-07 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Floating roof tank with rim space seal
US6379738B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2002-04-30 Nestec S.A. Meat emulsion product
GB2386637B (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-06-08 Polytank Ltd Covers for tanks
US8454101B2 (en) * 2009-06-11 2013-06-04 Getac Technology Corporation Waterproof assembly for electronic device and watertight door thereof
US11548725B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2023-01-10 Industrial & Environmental Concepts, Inc. Cover systems, tank covering methods, and pipe retention systems

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571817A (en) * 1947-04-09 1951-10-16 Stacey Brothers Gas Constructi Seal for fluid containers
DE1921667C3 (de) * 1969-04-28 1979-10-04 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V., Den Haag (Niederlande) Randabdichtung fur Schwimmdacher von Behältern zur Lagerung von Flüssigkeiten
GB1417959A (en) * 1971-12-18 1975-12-17 Greengate Ind Polymers Ltd Floating roof for a liquid storage tank
AT319145B (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-12-10 Voest Ag Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des zwischen der Behälterwand und dem Schwimmdach eines Großraumbehälters für Mineralöle od.dgl. vorhandenen Ringspaltes
DE2320066C3 (de) * 1973-04-19 1979-04-05 Vsesojuznyj Nautschno-Issledovatelskij Institut Po Montaschnym I Specialnym Stroitelnym Rabotam, Moskau Dichtung zum Abschluß eines Schwimmdeckels
FR2259766A1 (en) * 1974-02-04 1975-08-29 Provence Const Metalliqu Seal for liquid reservoirs with floating covers - comprises compressed annular rings inside protective cover
DE2461486A1 (de) * 1974-12-24 1976-07-08 Salzgitter Stahlbau Gmbh Schwimmdach fuer speichertanks
US4116358A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-09-26 Aerojet-General Corporation Weather and vapor seal for storage tank
US4099643A (en) * 1977-05-20 1978-07-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Seal for floating roof tank
US4138032A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-02-06 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Full secondary seal, wiper type, for a floating roof tank
US4406377A (en) * 1980-09-02 1983-09-27 Bruening Robert A Low friction seal for a floating roof
US4397399A (en) * 1981-09-08 1983-08-09 Tank Services, Incorporated Seal for floating roofs of storage tanks

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004001206A1 (de) * 2004-01-06 2005-08-04 Heinrich Imhof Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des Ringspalts zwischen einer Behälterinnenwand eines für eine Flüssigkeit bestimmten vertikalen Rundbehälters und einer schwimmenden Abdeckung
DE102004001206A8 (de) * 2004-01-06 2005-11-17 Heinrich Imhof Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des Ringspalts zwischen einer Behälterinnenwand eines für eine Flüssigkeit bestimmten vertikalen Rundbehälters und einer schwimmenden Abdeckung
DE102004001206B4 (de) * 2004-01-06 2006-05-04 Heinrich Imhof Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des Ringspalts zwischen einer Behälterinnenwand eines für eine Flüssigkeit bestimmten vertikalen Rundbehälters und einer schwimmenden Abdeckung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE13652T1 (de) 1985-06-15
US4456144A (en) 1984-06-26
DE3202278A1 (de) 1983-07-28
EP0084770A1 (fr) 1983-08-03
DE3360232D1 (en) 1985-07-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2038488B1 (fr) Grille de retenue sur un seuil de déversoir d'un système d'évacuation des eaux de pluie
DE2834423A1 (de) Behaelter fuer nasses bzw. feuchtes papiertuch o.dgl.
DE10225399B4 (de) Anordnung zum Schaben eines Bandes oder eines weichen Walzenbezugs in Papier- oder Kartonmaschinen
EP0084770B1 (fr) Dispositif d'écoulement des précipitations d'une paroi interne verticale d'un réservoir à toit flottant
DE2433009C3 (de) Riemenfördereinrichtung für ein Wasserfahrzeug zum Abräumen von Schwimmstoffen
DE3225014C2 (fr)
DE69935688T2 (de) Faltenfilter
DE2832978A1 (de) Abdichtung fuer ein schwimmendes dach in einem tank
DE7339859U (de) Stoffeinlauf an entwaesserungsmaschinen
DE29704831U1 (de) Filtersammler
DE8201753U1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Entfernung des Niederschlagswassers von der senkrechten Innenwand eines Schwimmdachtanks
DE3145753A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur abdichtung des ringspalts zwischen behaelterwand und schwimmender abdeckung eines grossraumbehaelters
DE10158183A1 (de) Fertigholzdeck, Boot mit Fertigholzdeck und Verfahren zur Befestigung eines Fertigholzdecks
DE2949679C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von ölartigen Verunreinigungen auf einer Wasseroberfläche
DE2653266A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum kuehlen von fluessigem bitumen
DE9108658U1 (de) Firstentlüftungselement
EP0114801B1 (fr) Dispositif pour détacher successivement des plaques séparatrices d'accumulateurs ou d'autres objects semblables d'une pile
DE9416291U1 (de) Dichtungsstreifen für First- und/oder Gratabdeckungen
DE102004001206B4 (de) Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des Ringspalts zwischen einer Behälterinnenwand eines für eine Flüssigkeit bestimmten vertikalen Rundbehälters und einer schwimmenden Abdeckung
DE10313748B4 (de) Walze zur Führung von bahnenförmigem Material
DE29712401U1 (de) Abdichtungsformkörper aus flexiblem Material für die Arbeitsfugen zwischen Betonteilen
DE3219474C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von hydrostatischem Überdruck unter Membrandichtungen
DE665166C (de) Falzziegel
DE3219077A1 (de) Mit einer umrandung versehenes paneel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE680734C (de) Bandfuehrung fuer Zigarettenmaschinen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19831121

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: MODIANO & ASSOCIATI S.R.L.

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 13652

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19850615

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3360232

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850711

ET Fr: translation filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19851114

Year of fee payment: 4

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19870104

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 746

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19951011

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19970131

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: INGENIEURBURO IMHOF G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 19970131

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19981106

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19990131

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000929

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20000801

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20001201

Year of fee payment: 19

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010316

Year of fee payment: 19

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020801

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020104