EP0021119B1 - Tente pour emploi civil et militaire - Google Patents

Tente pour emploi civil et militaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0021119B1
EP0021119B1 EP80103030A EP80103030A EP0021119B1 EP 0021119 B1 EP0021119 B1 EP 0021119B1 EP 80103030 A EP80103030 A EP 80103030A EP 80103030 A EP80103030 A EP 80103030A EP 0021119 B1 EP0021119 B1 EP 0021119B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tent
layer
air
paint
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80103030A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0021119A2 (fr
EP0021119A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch
Alexander Dipl.-Phys. Hoffmann
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT80103030T priority Critical patent/ATE3362T1/de
Publication of EP0021119A2 publication Critical patent/EP0021119A2/fr
Publication of EP0021119A3 publication Critical patent/EP0021119A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0021119B1 publication Critical patent/EP0021119B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/54—Covers of tents or canopies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/919—Camouflaged article

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tent for civil and military use, the wall and ceiling parts of which consist of a metallized material, in particular a plastic-coated metallized textile fabric.
  • tents only have limited weather protection. Because of the demand for high tensile strength with low weight and volume, fabric is used as the material for the tent walls, this fabric being impregnated or coated with plastics to increase the water resistance. So-called awnings are used to improve wind and weather protection. The tents themselves usually only have a low thermal insulation capacity.
  • tents in military use They are usually provided with camouflage colors, so that they match the color of the landscape.
  • camouflage colors so that they match the color of the landscape.
  • optical visual means of clarification if they are illuminated on the inside, they are easily recognizable, especially at night, by means of optical visual means of clarification.
  • Visually optical means the spectral range that is perceptible to the human eye.
  • thermal imaging devices or infrared-optical sensors are increasingly being used in the military sector, which preferably operate in the infrared spectral range between 8 and 12 f.lm wavelength. These can also be used to identify tents with camouflage color at a great distance if they warm up due to the crew inside them or from devices.
  • US Pat. No. 3,244,186 describes a tent in which at least one of the tent walls consists of a tarpaulin which is made up of one or, if appropriate, two reflection layers, an absorption layer and a carrier material. The order in which these individual layers are brought together depends on the purpose of the tent wall in question. If the tent is to be kept cool, the reflective layer is attached to the outside of a tent wall and the tent is aligned with this tent wall so that the sun rays hit it and are reflected. If the tent is to be heated by the sun's rays, a tent wall is kept transparent so that the sun's rays can enter.
  • an absorption layer attached to the inside of a tent wall is heated, so that it emits infrared rays and a convection flow is generated in the adjacent air layer.
  • Another possibility is the arrangement of the absorption layer on the outside of a tent wall, so that it is heated directly by the sunlight and in this way generates infrared radiation inside.
  • heating the tent wall is particularly unsuitable for military use, since such tents can then be clearly recognized by thermal imaging devices.
  • An outer reflective layer is also unsuitable, since reflecting surfaces in the optical range can be recognized at great distances and are also unsatisfactory aesthetically.
  • protective measures must be taken for the reflective layer in order to avoid corrosion. This is done here by using an aluminum paint.
  • such colors have very poor reflective properties and therefore also heat up relatively strongly.
  • a tent with an awning is known, in which the individual tent parts consist of a fabric that is coated with plastic and optionally has a metal coating.
  • the metal coating can reflect radiation in the infrared radiation range.
  • a tent-like cover is known from FR-A No. 2399511, in which two layers of a film or fabric material are arranged at a mutual distance with the aid of a scaffold such that an air layer remains between the two layers.
  • a reflective material layer such as an aluminum layer, is attached to the mutually facing sides of the layers.
  • Such an arrangement can also be used to form field hospitals.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve previously known tents.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the wall and ceiling parts are provided on the outside and / or inside with a visual color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm wavelength.
  • a tent according to the invention ensures that a body-comfortable atmosphere is created inside the tent with substantial energy savings.
  • the tent gives all residents the impression that the inside temperature in the tent is currently always kept at a comfortable room temperature, which is only achieved by largely reducing the thermal radiation exchange between the inside of the tent and the outside is decorated.
  • the invention also ensures that a tent designed in this way is protected against hostile location both in the visible spectral range, i.e. visible to the human eye at night, and in the far R range by thermal reconnaissance devices such as FLIR or line scans. This protection can be further improved by camouflage colors on the outside of the tent so that it is not possible to locate it during the day.
  • the tent is preferably designed such that the wall or ceiling parts consist of an outer and an inner material layer. This also improves thermal insulation in particular.
  • both the inside of the outer layer of material and the inside and outside of the inner layer of material are provided with a color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm.
  • a color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm.
  • the air gaps preferably having a width of 1 ⁇ 4 o the height of the air gaps. If these air gaps are closed, there is additional thermal insulation.
  • the textile fabric preferably consists of a polyamide, polyester or glass fiber base fabric with a plastic coating made of soft PVC, polyurethane or silicone rubber, the metallization by precipitation of an aluminum, tin or chrome / nickel layer in a vacuum on or directly on the plastic coating a transfer film with subsequent transfer to the plastic coating is produced.
  • the metal layer expediently has a thickness between 20 and 50 nm. Such a layer thickness has proven to be completely sufficient for practically complete reflection of the IR radiation. Thicker layers therefore essentially only mean a higher consumption of metal, without causing a significant increase in reflection. As a corrosion protection for the metal layer and also to improve the adhesion of the subsequent paint layer, it has proven to be expedient to apply a paint protection layer of about 10 ⁇ m thick to the metal layer.
  • the paint is applied either directly to the metal layer or to the protective lacquer layer and should essentially be based on a binder which is a copolymer of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene and which is mixed with pigments which, in the case of a camouflage paint, show the reflectance intended for a camouflage paint in the visible Deliver part of the spectral range.
  • a binder which is a copolymer of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene and which is mixed with pigments which, in the case of a camouflage paint, show the reflectance intended for a camouflage paint in the visible Deliver part of the spectral range.
  • the metallization is preferably provided with microfine cracks by milling and embossing. If this measure is used in conjunction with water vapor-permeable coating agents, preferably polyvinyl acetate, the tent walls have very good water vapor permeability, so that the risk of a feeling of a greenhouse atmosphere is avoided.
  • a tent wall consists of an outer fabric layer 1 and an inner fabric layer 2, which are kept at a distance by spacers, which may also be in the form of flexible fabric sheets 3.
  • spacers which may also be in the form of flexible fabric sheets 3.
  • nerste fabric web 9 are provided, which includes an air gap 8 with the inner fabric web 6.
  • All fabric layers 1, 2, 5, 6 and 9 are made of a plastic-coated, metallized material, as shown in cross section in FIG. 3. There are a variety of possible materials for this purpose, which differ from each other in both mechanical and chemical quality, but are still all usable.
  • a water vapor permeable material such as e.g. Polyvinyl acetate used.
  • the fabric web is then tumbled or embossed in order to produce micrometer-fine cracks that make the entire fabric layer permeable to water vapor.
  • such fabric layers have a reflectivity for radiation in the range from 4 to 25 ⁇ m in the wavelength of over 60%.
  • the walls can have an aesthetically acceptable appearance, but at the same time no IR radiation is absorbed by this visual design. This results in an optimal reflection on the metal layer 13 of the tent walls for IR radiation.
  • a tent wall which is made of two fabric layers (as shown in Fig. 1 and 1 a), these two layers 1 and 2 form an air gap 12 ', which is open at both the upper and lower ends.
  • the width of this air gap 12 ' is determined to a certain extent, depending on its height, by strips 3, which enable a free vertical air flow.
  • the function of this air gap is that both in winter and in summer, due to temperature differences between the outer and inner tent walls 1 and 2, the air does not transfer heat from the inner to the outer fabric layer or vice versa by convection or heat conduction.
  • This air is constantly exchanged by a free laminar air flow. This air flow is caused by the difference in density between the air on the inner tent wall 2 and the air on the outer tent wall 1, which has the temperature of the outside air.
  • the air gap can be larger, then larger values result due to heat conduction. Good results were found experimentally with an arrangement according to FIG. 4.
  • the height of the air gap 20, 21 is 2 m. At the lower end 20 the air gap is between 50 and 100 mm wide, at the upper end 21 its width is approximately between 15 and 50 mm.
  • the roof 22 of the tent protrudes by a length of 200 mm in order to protect the interior of the air gap from rain and snow.
  • the relation between width b and height h of the air gap is between 1:10 and 1:50.
  • heat transfer by radiation exchange is prevented, since the thermal emissivity of the metallized material due to the highly reflective metal layer, which is covered with a color layer 14, which is practically transparent in the infrared part of the spectrum from 3 to 20 ⁇ m, is around 0.1.
  • the two-layer tent does not significantly increase the heat storage inside the tent. Its important function is to drastically reduce the contrast of the tent with its surroundings, both in the visible part of the spectrum and in the thermal part, especially in the areas of the usual sensors.
  • a further improvement, especially in winter, when the tents have to be heated, can be achieved by using a tent wall, which is made of three fabric layers, as in FIG. 2.
  • the first two layers 5 and 6 together with 7 form an open air gap 12 'as in the first case.
  • the third layer 9 forms a further air gap 8, which has a width between 30 and 100 mm and is maintained by strips 11, which run perpendicular to the strips 7 in the first air gap. Furthermore, this air gap 8 is completely sealed on all sides, including one Inflation opening.
  • the function of the second air gap 8 is to form a heat-insulating air cushion.
  • the fabric strips 11 run horizontally to prevent the trapped air from circulating; this improves the thermal resistance of this air gap.
  • the metallized material is coated on the inside with a 1R transparent (in the range from 3 to 20 ⁇ m) color. Only the outside of the outermost fabric layer 5 is covered with a known camouflage color, which is effective over a large spectral range (UV to FIR).
  • the tent roof or (sky) 4 or 10 is constructed similar to the vertical walls. A three-layer composition for the roof can also be combined with a two-layer composition for the side walls, depending on the type of tent.
  • the plastic-coated metallized material is opaque to both electromagnetic radiation and air and water vapor. For this reason, the tent should have adjustable openings for fresh air intake, exhausted used air and excess moisture. Water vapor permeable walls can be made as described above.
  • the air conditioning in the tent can also be improved by utilizing the air flow between the outermost and closest inner fabric layer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Tente à usage civil et militaire dont les parties formant panneaux et formant toit sont en une matière métallisée (13), notamment en un tissu textile (11) métallisé (13) revêtu de matière plastique (12), caractérisée en ce que les parties formant panneaux et formant toit sont munies, à l'extérieur et/ou à l'intérieur, d'une teinture (14) du spectre visible qui est essentiellement transparente au rayonnement du domaine spectral infrarouge de longueurs d'onde allant de 3 à 20 µm.
2. Tente suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une teinture de camouflage est appliquée sur la face extérieure de la tente.
3. Tente suivant rune des revendications ou2, dans laquelle les parties formant panneaux et/ou toit sont constituées d'une couche de matière extérieure et d'une couche de matière intérieure (1 et 2), caractérisée en ce qu'entre la couche de matière extérieure et la couche de matière intérieure (1 et 2) sont prévus des interstices pour de l'air (12') qui ont une largeur représentant environ le
Figure imgb0003
de leur hauteur.
4. Tente suivant la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la face intérieure de la couche extérieure de matière (1, 5) ainsi que les faces intérieure et extérieure de la couche intérieure de matière (2, 6, 9) sont munies d'une teinture (14) du spectre visible.
5. Tentesuivant l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que les interstices pour l'air (12') sont conformés de manière à présenter une entrée inférieure pour l'air (20) et une sortie supérieure pour l'air (21 ) et de manière à ce que l'entrée supérieure pour l'air soit recouverte vers le haut.
6. Tente suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le tissu textile est en tissu de base (11 ) en polyamide, en polyester ou en fibres de verre, en ce que le revêtement de matière plastique (12) est en polychlorure de vinyle mou, en polyuréthanne ou en caoutchouc de silicone, et en ce que la métallisation (13) est réalisée par dépôt d'une couche (13) d'aluminium, d'étain ou de chrome/nickel, sous vide, directement sur le revêtement en matière plastique ou sur une feuille de transfert, avec transfert ultérieur sur le revêtement de matière plastique (12).
7. Tente suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la métallisation (13) a une épaisseur comprise entre 20 et 50 nm et en ce que, sur elle, est déposée une couche de protection en vernis de 10 gm d'épaisseur environ.
8. Tente suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la teinture (14) est appliquée sur la métallisation (13) ou sur la couche de protection en vernis et est à base d'un liant qui est un copolymère du polyéthylène ou du polytétrafluoroéthylène et qui est mélangé à des pigments qui, dans le cas d'une teinture de camouflage, fournissent la réflexion dans la partie visible du domaine spectral définie pour une teinture de camouflage.
9. Tente suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que, pour obtenir une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau des parties formant panneaux ou toit, la métallisation (13) est munie, par foulage ou par réalisation d'empreintes, de fissures microfines, et en ce que des agents d'enduction perméables à la vapeur d'eau, de préférence du polyacétate de vinyle, sont appliqués.
10. Tente suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu, en plus, une couche de matière la plus à l'intérieur (9), qui forme, avec la couche de matière voisine (6), une chambre à air (8) fermée en forme de coussin d'air, en ce qu'entre ces couches de matière (6, 9) sont prévues des entretoises (11 ) qui s'étendent horizontalement et qui suppriment tout déplacement d'air à l'intérieur de la chambre à air (8) fermée, et en ce que la couche de matière la plus à l'intérieur (9) est munie, sur sa face se trouvant du côté de l'intérieur de la tente, d'un revêtement teint qui est essentiellement transparent pour le rayonnement dans le domaine spectral infrarouge ayant des longueurs d'onde allant de 3 à 20 µm.
EP80103030A 1979-05-31 1980-05-30 Tente pour emploi civil et militaire Expired EP0021119B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80103030T ATE3362T1 (de) 1979-05-31 1980-05-30 Zelt fuer den zivilen sowie militaerischen gebrauch.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/044,010 US4308882A (en) 1979-05-31 1979-05-31 Tents for military use and providing protection against modern sight and IR-optical search methods
US44010 1979-05-31

Publications (3)

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EP0021119A2 EP0021119A2 (fr) 1981-01-07
EP0021119A3 EP0021119A3 (en) 1981-02-04
EP0021119B1 true EP0021119B1 (fr) 1983-05-18

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EP80103030A Expired EP0021119B1 (fr) 1979-05-31 1980-05-30 Tente pour emploi civil et militaire

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US (1) US4308882A (fr)
EP (1) EP0021119B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE3362T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3063286D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19931186A1 (de) * 1999-07-07 2001-01-11 Reiner Greulach Zelt mit Kühleinrichtung

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US5080165A (en) * 1989-08-08 1992-01-14 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Protective tarpaulin
US5077101A (en) * 1989-09-01 1991-12-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Three color infrared camouflage system
US5281460A (en) * 1990-12-04 1994-01-25 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Infrared camouflage covering
RU2127194C1 (ru) * 1995-04-11 1999-03-10 В.Л. Горе энд Ассоциэйтес, Инк. Материал с покрытием, отражающим инфракрасное излучение
WO1997045693A1 (fr) * 1996-05-29 1997-12-04 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Revetement de camouflage
US5955175A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-09-21 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Infra-red reflective coverings
US6194329B1 (en) 1998-01-21 2001-02-27 Brookwood Companies, Incorporated Reversible fabric for use in military environments and method of making same
DE10258014A1 (de) * 2002-12-12 2004-06-24 Texplorer Gmbh Wärmetarnplane
CA2639979A1 (fr) * 2006-01-25 2007-08-23 The Coleman Company, Inc. Double-toit reversible pour tente
EP2218137A1 (fr) * 2007-10-26 2010-08-18 BAE Systems PLC Réduction de signatures radar
US8916265B1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2014-12-23 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Multi-spectral, selectively reflective construct
US9276324B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2016-03-01 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Multi-spectral, selectively reflective construct
US8247077B2 (en) * 2008-04-10 2012-08-21 Ansell Protective Solutions Ab Chemical protective garment with added flash fire protection
FR2976608B1 (fr) * 2011-06-16 2015-05-15 Decathlon Sa Article du type tente ou abri
IL215717A (en) 2011-10-11 2017-10-31 Ametrine Tech Ltd Multi-spectral camouflage garment
US8997767B2 (en) 2011-10-28 2015-04-07 Richard W. Hotes Multi-layer shelter insulation system
WO2013184581A1 (fr) * 2012-06-03 2013-12-12 Insulating Coatings Of America, Inc. Revêtements en verre borosilicaté en paillettes
US9340994B2 (en) * 2012-08-28 2016-05-17 Alaska Structures, Inc. Portable shelter with outer vinyl and low emissivity layers
US9702164B2 (en) * 2012-10-17 2017-07-11 Gary N. Benninger Tent
US9587913B2 (en) 2013-01-18 2017-03-07 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Incised composite material for selective, multispectral reflection
US10765108B2 (en) 2016-02-29 2020-09-08 Rugged Cross Hunting Blinds Llc Camouflage material for a hunting blind
US10138653B1 (en) * 2016-03-03 2018-11-27 William Christian Weber Insulated tent
JP6860899B2 (ja) * 2016-11-25 2021-04-21 平岡織染株式会社 ガラスクロス複合不燃シート材及びそれを用いた建築物
US10506745B2 (en) * 2017-10-19 2019-12-10 Innovation By Imagination LLC Protective enclosure system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19931186A1 (de) * 1999-07-07 2001-01-11 Reiner Greulach Zelt mit Kühleinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4308882A (en) 1982-01-05
ATE3362T1 (de) 1983-06-15
EP0021119A2 (fr) 1981-01-07
DE3063286D1 (en) 1983-07-07
EP0021119A3 (en) 1981-02-04

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