Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
  • C10L5/36—Shape
  • C10L5/38—Briquettes consisting of different layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
  • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
  • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
  • C10J3/40—Movable grates
  • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
  • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
  • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/093—Coal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0973—Water
  • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0983—Additives
  • C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the gasification of solid, baking fuels under a pressure between 5 and 150 bar with free oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide-containing gasifying agents in a fixed bed, which slowly moves downwards, to which the gasifying agents are fed from below and under which non-combustible mineral components of the fuel are removed as solid ash or liquid slag, fine-grained, baking fuels with a liquid being formed into largely spherical pellets with a diameter of 5 to 50 mm and used as gasification fuels.
• the object of the invention is to design the pellets mentioned at the outset so that they have sufficient dimensional stability in the gasification, but without interfering with the attack of the gasification agents.
• this is achieved in that the pellets formed from fine-grained fuel with a grain size of less than 7 mm are gassed with a closed, 0.2 to 2 mm thick covering layer of fine-grained, non-baking material, namely cement. Foreign or own ash, dolimite, bentonite, lime, montmorillonite or zeolites can be provided.
• the casing materials are all mineral in nature.
• the fine-grained fuel can be produced when the fuel is extracted or can also be produced by comminution.
• a fine-grained fuel with a grain size of approximately 0.01 to 5 mm is preferably used for pelleting. Due to the pelleting, dust-like fuel can now also be used for the pressure gasification in the fixed bed, either alone or together with granular coal with a grain size above 3 mm to about 60 mm.
• the pellets preferably make up the majority of the fuel fed to the gasification.
• the covering layer around the pellets now ensures that the pellets in the upper part of the fixed bed, where the temperatures are relatively low, retain a sufficiently stable shape.
• the shell layer is gas-permeable and allows volatile constituents to escape from the interior of the pellet. If the temperatures continue to rise, the covering layer is largely preserved, and slight cracks are not disadvantageous if the fuel becomes plastic and only changes into a highly viscous mass.
• the coating layer In the case of greater softening, the coating layer must be strengthened accordingly, or catalytically active substances which reduce the baking and expanding properties of the coal can be added to the coal before pelleting.
• the pellet casing tears open further due to the strong degassing of the coal substance, so that the coal coke which is now formed is exposed to the gasification reactions in its entire surface including the macro and microstructure. It is also an important result that the product gas from the gasification contains much less tarry constituents than was possible with the previously known gasification of baking coals under increased pressure.
• the pelletes can be made in a known manner, e.g. in the inclined turntable or in the rotary tube.
• the pellets can also be provided with the desired coating layer using these devices.
• the pellets can have a diameter of 10 to 30 mm and preferably 8 to 15 mm.
• pellets can be used to form the pellets. Suitable are, for example, water, sulfite waste liquor, water glass, molasses, starch solutions, gas water from the gasification or coking of solid fuels, or lime milk.
• the pelleting liquid or the fine-grained one to be pelleted Solid fuel can be added to catalytically active substances to increase the reactivity. Such substances are in particular NaCl, KCI, NaC0 3 , K Z C0 3 , oxides or sulfides of molybdenum, tungsten, tin, chromium, nickel, cobalt or iron or finely ground thin-layer zeolites. These catalytically active substances are able to effect desired conversions in contact with gases and vapors from the pellets, for example to make hydrocarbons with higher boiling and lower boiling points.
• suitable substances can be added to the pelleting liquid or the fuel to be pelletized.
• suitable substances are, for example, Na 2 B 4 O 7 , NaN0 2 , K 2 Cr0 4 , K 2 C0 3 or KN0 3 .
• Non-baking coal, ash e.g. from gasification or from external production, dolomite, bentonite, lime, montmorillonite. Cement or other inorganic substances can be used. Mixtures of finely ground zeolites are also particularly suitable. It is best to add these substances in fine or dusty form before the end of pelleting.
• the covering layer of the pellets should have a thickness of approximately 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm. For economic reasons, efforts are made to keep the coating layer as thin as possible. However, it must be sufficiently strong and thick, especially in the case of heavily baking coals, in order to prevent flowable coal from breaking through.
• the coated pellets can be dried before being introduced into the gasification. This is best done at temperatures below the softening point of the coal, preferably between 40 and 150 ° C.
• the pelletized fuel generally has an incombustible mineral component content of 5 to 40% by weight and preferably 10 to 30% by weight.
• the gasification product gas can be used in a variety of ways. After cleaning and conditioning, the gas can e.g. can be used for syntheses or as a hydrogenation gas. Another possibility is to use the gas as fuel gas, if necessary after removing disruptive solid or gaseous constituents, and to use it in a combined steam-gas turbine power plant.
• a moderately baking and expanding gas flame coal with 20% by weight ash and 8% by weight moisture was used for experiments.
• the baking number according to Roga (ISO 335-1974) was 25, the blowing number according to DIN 51741 was 2.5.
• the coal had a grain size between 0 and 1 mm and had an average grain diameter of 0.291 mm.
• a pelletizing plate of 1 m in diameter with an inclination of approximately 50 ° and a speed of 20 revolutions per minute was used to form the pellets. In each case, pellets with a coating layer were produced, the diameter of which was in the range from 10 to 20 mm.
• the pellets were dried at 110 ° C. and the compressive strength was then measured. To simulate the conditions in the fixed bed gasification, coking was carried out with shock-like heating to 800 ° C. under a nitrogen pressure of 20 bar.
• the pelleting liquid was used as the pelleting liquid, so that the water content of the finished pellets was 15% by weight.
• the shell layer had a thickness of 0.3 mm and consisted of finely ground own ash of the coal.
• the point pressure resistance of the dried pellets was approx. 70 N. After the pressure coking, the pellets were not baked together, the casing had burst, the pellet core was structural. The pellets were extremely suitable for pressure gasification.
• a 5% calcium sulfite waste liquor was used as the pelleting liquid, finely ground dolomite was used for the coating layer, the coating layer had a thickness of about 0.3 mm.
• the point compressive strength of the dried pellets reached about 80 N, the test results after the pressure coking matched those of Example 1.
• about 50% of the sulfur contained in the coal was bound by the dolomite layer.
• a 20% water glass solution was used as the pelleting liquid, cement was used for the covering layer and a thickness of about 0.4 mm was achieved.
• the dried pellets had a point compressive strength of about 60 N. After the pressure coking, the pellets did not adhere to one another and were structurally stable. The shell layer was cracked and partially chipped.
• the pellets of Examples 2 and 2 were suitable for gasification in a fixed bed without a special loosening device having to be provided in the upper part of the gas generator.
• the pellets produced on the pelletizing plate of the previous examples had a diameter of 10 to 20 mm.
• Dolomite was applied with a layer thickness of 0.3 mm.
• a 10% potassium carbonate solution was used as the pelleting liquid.
• the pellets had a moisture content of approximately 15% by weight.
• the pellets Before being used in coking and gasification, the pellets had a potassium carbonate content of less than 0.6% by weight.
• a coal was used whose baking number according to Roga (ISO 335-1974) was 52, while the blowing number according to DIN 51 741 was 7.
• the coal had a grain size between 0-1 mm with an average grain diameter of 0.264 mm.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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• 1978
  • 1978-11-02 DE DE19782847416 patent/DE2847416A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1979
  • 1979-10-08 EP EP79200567A patent/EP0010792B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-10-08 ZA ZA00795369A patent/ZA795369B/xx unknown
  • 1979-10-08 DE DE7979200567T patent/DE2962638D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-10-26 JP JP13920579A patent/JPS5562995A/ja active Granted
  • 1979-10-31 PL PL1979219362A patent/PL118394B2/pl unknown
  • 1979-11-01 AU AU52412/79A patent/AU526089B2/en not_active Ceased

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