EP0000099B1 - Matériau accumulateur d'énergie thermique. - Google Patents

Matériau accumulateur d'énergie thermique. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0000099B1
EP0000099B1 EP78300030A EP78300030A EP0000099B1 EP 0000099 B1 EP0000099 B1 EP 0000099B1 EP 78300030 A EP78300030 A EP 78300030A EP 78300030 A EP78300030 A EP 78300030A EP 0000099 B1 EP0000099 B1 EP 0000099B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
thermal energy
energy storage
storage material
material according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300030A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0000099A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter John Charles Kent
John Kenneth Rurik Page
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Calor Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Calor Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Calor Group Ltd filed Critical Calor Group Ltd
Publication of EP0000099A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000099A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000099B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with thermal energy storage materials and heat-exchange devices containing such materials.
  • Thermal energy storage materials may store thermal energy as specific heat and/or as latent heat. It is often desirable to use materials which store thermal energy as latent heat, since this enables the volume occupied by the storage material to be minimised. This is advantageous, for example, in materials operating in the temperature range 10°C to 100°C for the storage of solar energy or of heat extracted during refrigeration.
  • a number of hydrated inorganic salts are known which undergo transition to the anhydrous or a less hydrated form at a characteristic temperature on heating and revert to the more hydrated form on cooling.
  • a potential drawback in the use of many of these hydrated salts is incongruency of the phase transition, that is, the transformation of the low-temperature solid phase to a two-phase condition where a solid and liquid coexist.
  • the difference in densities of the two phases causes segregation thereof, which limits their ability to recombine and form the low-temperature single solid phase. Consequently the amount of heat recoverable on cooling is reduced.
  • Thermal energy storage materials have been proposed in which the hydrated inorganic salt is thickened by an organic thickening agent, for example, cellulosic polymers, starch, aliginates or an inorganic thickening agent, such as a clay (as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3 986 969).
  • organic thickening agents are natural polymers (or derivatives thereof) and are therefore unstable to hydrolysis and bacterial and enzyme action, which considerably shortens the life of the material.
  • the above-mentioned inorganic thickening agents are more stable, but it appears that thermal energy storage materials containing such thickening agents can only be used in very shallow depths (for example, about one inch) and must therefore be disposed horizontally.
  • thermo energy storage material in which a hydrated inorganic salt having a transition temperature to the anhydrous or a less hydrated form in the range 10° to 100°C is dispersed and suspended in a hydrogel formed from a water-soluble synthetic polymer having pendant carboxylic or sulphonic acid groups cross-linked with cations of a polyvalent metal.
  • this material is that the hydrated inorganic salt is immobilised in close proximity in small volumes throughout the gel. This minimises any segregation which could arise, after fusion of the hydrate phase, by any solid sinking to the bottom of the mixture.
  • the material according to the invention in flat horizontal trays; the material can be arranged in vertical columns of substantial height (for example 50 cm. to one metre).
  • a further advantage of the material according to the invention is that the cross-linked hydrogel can be prepared in situ by reaction between the respective water-soluble polymer or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof and a water-soluble salt of the polyvalent metal.
  • Suitable polyvalent metals include, for example, chromium, iron, tin, magnesium and aluminium. Aluminium and magnesium are preferred in view of the ready availability of water-soluble salts thereof. Suitable water-soluble salts of the above metals include, for example, chlorides, nitrates or sulphates, of which aluminium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are preferred.
  • the polyvalent metal is preferably present in an amount sufficient to react with all the acid groups in the polymer to form ionic cross-links. The actual amount necessary to achieve complete reaction depends on factors such as the valency of the metal, the proportion of acid groups in the polymer and the amount of polymer in the material. Typical amounts of polyvalent metal are 0.5 to 5% (expressed as the weight of water-soluble salt, based on the weight of the storage material).
  • the water-soluble polymer preferably has a backbone containing units of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, for example, a homopolymer or copolymer or acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide or polymethacrylamide, or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof.
  • the polymer preferably contains 5 to 50% (for example 10 to 40%) carboxylic groups, the percentages being based on the number of repeating units in the polymer backbone.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer may vary over a wide range. For some applications it may be advantageous to use polymers of relatively low molecular weight (for example, 100,000 to 500,000), while for other applications, higher molecular weights (for example 1 million to 8 million) may be preferred.
  • the water-soluble polymer is preferably present in the thermal energy storage material in a relatively minor amount, such as from 0.5 to 10% (for example, about 5%), based on the weight of the material.
  • Suitable hydrated inorganic salts for use in the material according to the present invention include, for example, calcium chloride hexahydrate (the fusion point of which is 29°C); sodium sulphate decahydrate (the fusion point of which is 32°C); disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (the fusion point of which is 35.5°C); sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate (the fusion point of which is 50°C); sodium acetate trihydrate (the fusion point of which is 58°C); barium hydroxide octahydrate (the fusion point of which is 75°C) and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (the fusion point of which is 35°C).
  • the hydrated salt preferably has a fusion point in the range 20° to 90°C and is preferably non-toxic, noncorrosive and readily available at low cost.
  • Preferred hydrated salts meeting some or all of the above requirements are sodium sulphate decahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate and sodium carbonate decahydrate.
  • the material may be nucleated, for example, by a heat transfer method as disclosed in U.S. Patent 2 677 243, by careful control of the proportions of the ingredients of the composition, or by addition of an insoluble nucleating agent.
  • a preferred nucleating agent for sodium sulphate decahydrate is borax, as proposed in U.S. Patent 2 677 664.
  • this agent like the inorganic salt, is dispersed and suspended in the hydrogel and effectively immobilized therein. This wide dispersion of immobilized nucleating agent ensures efficient nucleation of the hydrate phase during cooling cycles, thereby inhibiting supercooling.
  • the thermal energy storage material according to the invention preferably contains the hydrated salt in an amount of from 66% to 95% by weight and, optionally, a nucleating agent in an amount of from 1 to 10%, based on the weight of the hydrated salt.
  • Substantially all the balance of the thermal energy storage material according to the invention is preferably water and, optionally, an organic liquid which is miscible with water.
  • a particularly preferred such organic liquid is a lower aliphatic alcohol, such as ethanol (for example, when the hydrated salt is sodium sulphate decahydrate).
  • the water is preferably present in an amount sufficient to hydrate all the anhydrous inorganic salt, and is preferably present in a small excess.
  • the material may contain water in an amount of, for example, from 25 to 75% by weight.
  • a water-miscible organic liquid is included, it is preferably present in a relatively minor amount, compared with water, for example, from 5 to 25%, based on the weight of water.
  • the material according to the invention is preferably used in a method of heat exchange in which the material is first heated to a temperature above the transition temperature of the hydrated salt, and the heat is extracted from the material by passing a fluid at a temperature below the above mentioned transition temperature in heat-exchange relationship therewith.
  • the alternate heating and cooling of the material can be repeated for many cycles.
  • the present invention also comprises a heat-exchange device, which comprises a tank containing the thermal energy storage material according to the invention and means for supplying a cooling fluid in heat-exchange relationship with the thermal energy storage material.
  • a sample of the solid was sealed in a square section tube measuring 5 cm. x 5 cm. x 50 cm. long, made of inert plastics. The ends of the tube were sealed by cast epoxy resin plugs.
  • the tube was disposed vertically and alternately heated to about 60°C (the heating time being about one hour) and cooled to about 20°C by heat-exchangeing with water circulating outside the tube (the cooling time being three to four hours). Reproducible thermal arrests were obtained for more than 500 cycles of heating and cooling.
  • Example 1 was repeated, except that the aluminium sulphate was replaced by the same amount of MgS0 4 .7H 2 0.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Matière d'accumulation de l'énergie thermique comprenant au moins un sel inorganique hydraté qui a une température de transition vers la forme anhydre ou une forme moins hydratée tombant dans l'intervalle de 10 à 100°C, caractérisée en ce que le sel inorganique hydraté se trouve en dispersion et en suspension dans un hydrogel insoluble dans l'eau formé à partir d'un polymère synthétique hydrosoluble portant des radicaux acide carboxylique ou acide sulfonique pendants réticulés par des cations d'un métal polyvalent.
2. Matière d'accumulation de l'énergie thermique suivant la revendication I, caractérisée en ce que le métal polyvalent est le magnésium ou l'aluminium.
3. Matière d'accumulation de l'énergie thermique suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le polymère est un homopolymère ou copolymère d'acide acrylique ou méthacrylique ou un polyacrylamide ou poly- méthacrylamide partiellement hydrolysé.
4. Matière d'accumulation de l'énergie thermique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'hydrogel insoluble dans l'eau est formé in situ par réaction entre un sel hydrosoluble du métal polyvalent et le polymère hydrosoluble ou un sel de métal alcalin ou ammonium de celui-ci.
5. Matière d'accumulation de l'énergie thermique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que l'hydrogel contient de l'eau en quantité suffisante pour hydrater tout le sel inorganique et un liquide organique miscible à l'eau en quantité mineure, par rapport à la quantité d'eau.
EP78300030A 1977-06-10 1978-06-09 Matériau accumulateur d'énergie thermique. Expired EP0000099B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB24279/77A GB1584559A (en) 1977-06-10 1977-06-10 Thermal energy storage materials
GB2427977 1977-06-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000099A1 EP0000099A1 (fr) 1978-12-20
EP0000099B1 true EP0000099B1 (fr) 1980-07-23

Family

ID=10209224

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78300030A Expired EP0000099B1 (fr) 1977-06-10 1978-06-09 Matériau accumulateur d'énergie thermique.

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (1) US4209413A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000099B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5416387A (fr)
AR (1) AR217299A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT379407B (fr)
AU (1) AU513058B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR7803722A (fr)
CA (1) CA1103454A (fr)
DE (1) DE2860041D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK259778A (fr)
ES (1) ES470660A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI64808C (fr)
GB (1) GB1584559A (fr)
GR (1) GR64536B (fr)
IE (1) IE47083B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL54932A (fr)
IN (1) IN148032B (fr)
IT (1) IT1112264B (fr)
MX (1) MX147710A (fr)
NO (1) NO147797C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ187511A (fr)
PT (1) PT68155A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA783256B (fr)

Families Citing this family (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4187189A (en) * 1978-05-02 1980-02-05 American Technological University Phase change thermal storage materials with crust forming stabilizers
IE49097B1 (en) * 1978-11-10 1985-07-24 Ic Gas Int Ltd Thermal energy storage material
US4332690A (en) * 1979-04-23 1982-06-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Heat storage system comprising a phase change medium and a nucleating agent
DE2952166A1 (de) * 1979-12-22 1981-07-23 Haase-Bau GmbH, 2350 Neumünster Thermisches energiespeicher-system zum speichern von phasenumwandlungsenthalpie
US4309980A (en) * 1980-03-07 1982-01-12 Thermal Energy Storage, Inc. Closed vaporization heat transfer system
US4349446A (en) * 1981-03-05 1982-09-14 University Of Delaware Glauber's salt heat storage compositions, crystal habit modifiers
JPS57207673A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-20 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Heat-accumulating composition
EP0087859B1 (fr) * 1982-02-23 1986-04-30 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited Compositions accumulant la chaleur
US4508632A (en) * 1982-06-15 1985-04-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Heat storage materials
US4585572A (en) * 1983-10-11 1986-04-29 The Dow Chemical Company Reversible phase change composition for storing thermal energy
FR2566789B1 (fr) * 1984-06-29 1986-12-26 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de preparation de materiaux composites pour le stockage et le transport de l'energie
US4687573A (en) * 1984-08-13 1987-08-18 Pall Corporation Sorbing apparatus
US4851291A (en) * 1986-06-19 1989-07-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Temperature adaptable textile fibers and method of preparing same
US4702853A (en) * 1986-10-06 1987-10-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Phase change thermal energy storage material
EP0273779A1 (fr) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-06 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Procédé pour produire des matériaux de stockage de la chaleur
US4830641A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-05-16 Pall Corporation Sorbing apparatus
USRE35586E (en) * 1990-06-15 1997-08-19 Prism Enterprises, Inc. Reusable warmers of the type employing a super-cooled solution and an activator
RU2042695C1 (ru) * 1990-06-15 1995-08-27 Институт катализа СО РАН Теплоаккумулирующий материал и способ его получения
US5058563A (en) * 1990-06-15 1991-10-22 Prism Technologies, Inc. Reusable warmers of the type employing a super-cooled solution and an activator
WO1993004137A1 (fr) * 1990-06-15 1993-03-04 Institut Kataliza Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr Materiau accumulant la chaleur et son utilisation
US5585174A (en) * 1990-06-15 1996-12-17 Institut Kataliza Sibirskogo Otdelenia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Heat-accumulating material and use thereof
JP3103927B2 (ja) * 1991-01-31 2000-10-30 住化プラステック株式会社 蓄熱材組成物及びその製造方法
CA2069687A1 (fr) * 1991-06-28 1992-12-29 Chandra Kumar Banerjee Article de fumeur avec source electrochimique de chaleur
US5285798A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-02-15 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco smoking article with electrochemical heat source
US5882542A (en) * 1993-02-12 1999-03-16 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Sodium sulfate base heat-storage composition and process for producing the same
NL1002506C2 (nl) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 Jan Van Turnhout Warmte- of koude-element.
JPH1180722A (ja) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-26 Sumika Purasutetsuku Kk リン酸ナトリウム系蓄熱材
IL130883A0 (en) * 1999-07-11 2001-01-28 Maoz Betzer Tsilevich An endothermic heat shield composition and a method for the preparation thereof
NL1025910C2 (nl) * 2004-04-08 2005-10-11 Kobato Polytechnologie B V Polymeersamenstelling met warmteaccumulerende fasevergangsmaterialen, een werkwijze voor het bereiden daarvan, producten en voorbrengselen die deze samenstelling bevatten en toepassing daarvan.
EP2196752A1 (fr) 2008-12-09 2010-06-16 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Récipient auto-réfrigérant
CN102308164B (zh) 2008-12-09 2014-11-05 嘉士伯酿酒有限公司 用于提供自冷容器的系统和方法
EP2397796A1 (fr) 2010-06-15 2011-12-21 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Conteneur auto-réfrigérant et dispositif de refroidissement
EP2583039A2 (fr) 2010-06-15 2013-04-24 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Récipient à refroidissement automatique et dispositif de refroidissement
JP2013079300A (ja) * 2011-10-03 2013-05-02 User Kk 気泡を含有した含水ゲル組成物
EP2695560A1 (fr) 2012-08-10 2014-02-12 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Dispositif de refroidissement comprenant des réactifs revêtus
WO2014166867A1 (fr) 2013-04-08 2014-10-16 Carlsberg Breweries A/S Système de refroidissement externe d'un porte-boissons et procédé de refroidissement externe d'un porte-boissons
GB201314880D0 (en) * 2013-08-20 2013-10-02 C G I Internat Ltd Fire resistant glazing unit
DE102017117599A1 (de) * 2017-08-03 2019-02-07 i-select SA Latentwärmespeichermedium
CN113136168B (zh) * 2020-01-20 2022-10-04 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 基于三重锁定的水合盐-多孔载体复合材料及其制备方法和应用
CN113136167B (zh) * 2020-01-20 2022-09-30 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 具有流动性的水溶胶-水合盐-多孔材料复合体系及其制备方法和应用
CN113174806B (zh) * 2020-05-22 2023-03-14 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种道路融雪装置及其使用方法
CN113175774B (zh) * 2020-06-05 2023-03-24 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 一种冷藏箱、冷藏车及其冷藏方法
CN116656071A (zh) * 2023-04-25 2023-08-29 东南大学 一种导热相变水凝胶及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2677664A (en) * 1951-02-19 1954-05-04 Telkes Maria Composition of matter for the storage of heat
US2827438A (en) * 1954-01-04 1958-03-18 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Heat storage media
US3720198A (en) * 1969-06-04 1973-03-13 Laing Nikolaus Heat storage elements, a method for producing them and devices comprising heat storage elements
DE2010110A1 (de) * 1970-03-04 1971-09-16 Farbenfabriken Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrokapseln mit Hilfe von synthetischen Koazervaten
US3986969A (en) * 1975-02-06 1976-10-19 The University Of Delaware Thixotropic mixture and method of making same
JPS5190989A (en) * 1975-02-07 1976-08-10 Honetsutaino seizohoho
DE2517920C2 (de) * 1975-04-23 1985-10-24 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Latentwärmespeichermittel und dessen Verwendung
US4003426A (en) * 1975-05-08 1977-01-18 The Dow Chemical Company Heat or thermal energy storage structure
US4111189A (en) * 1977-01-03 1978-09-05 Cities Service Company Combined solar radiation collector and thermal energy storage device
FR2376893A1 (fr) * 1977-01-10 1978-08-04 Comp Generale Electricite Materiau de stockage de chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU513058B2 (en) 1980-11-13
EP0000099A1 (fr) 1978-12-20
MX147710A (es) 1983-01-06
DK259778A (da) 1978-12-11
IN148032B (fr) 1980-09-27
ZA783256B (en) 1979-06-27
FI64808B (fi) 1983-09-30
AT379407B (de) 1986-01-10
NO781971L (no) 1978-12-12
ES470660A1 (es) 1979-02-16
IT1112264B (it) 1986-01-13
DE2860041D1 (en) 1980-11-13
ATA423478A (de) 1985-05-15
NO147797B (no) 1983-03-07
PT68155A (en) 1978-07-01
IT7824388A0 (it) 1978-06-09
CA1103454A (fr) 1981-06-23
AR217299A1 (es) 1980-03-14
IE47083B1 (en) 1983-12-14
BR7803722A (pt) 1979-01-16
IL54932A (en) 1981-01-30
IE781152L (en) 1978-12-10
FI781830A (fi) 1978-12-11
AU3689578A (en) 1979-12-13
JPS5730873B2 (fr) 1982-07-01
NO147797C (no) 1983-06-15
US4209413A (en) 1980-06-24
FI64808C (fi) 1984-01-10
GB1584559A (en) 1981-02-11
NZ187511A (en) 1980-08-26
JPS5416387A (en) 1979-02-06
GR64536B (en) 1980-04-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0000099B1 (fr) Matériau accumulateur d'énergie thermique.
US4273667A (en) Thermal energy storage material comprising hydrated compound and water-swollen cross-linked polymer
EP0087859B1 (fr) Compositions accumulant la chaleur
KR900001317B1 (ko) 열 에너지 저장 매질 및 그 제조 방법
US4545916A (en) Heat storage materials
US4341649A (en) Energy storage medium and method
EP0693542B1 (fr) Méthode pour empêcher la surfusion d'une composition de chaleur latente et dispositif utilisant cette composition
JP2733571B2 (ja) 蓄熱材の製造方法
US4619778A (en) Heat storage materials
US5100570A (en) Cool storage compositions
US4673520A (en) Thermal energy storage compositions
EP0133803B1 (fr) Compositions pour le stockage de l'énergie thermique
JPH0472871B2 (fr)
GB2110708A (en) Heat storage materials
US4740325A (en) Thermal energy storage compositions
JPS5947239B2 (ja) 潜熱型蓄熱材
KR940005189B1 (ko) 카르복시메틸 셀룰로즈를 이용한 잠열 축열재
US5882542A (en) Sodium sulfate base heat-storage composition and process for producing the same
GB2151249A (en) Heat storage material
JP4465727B2 (ja) 蓄熱材組成物
EP0638624B1 (fr) Composition de matiere a accumulation de chaleur et son procede de fabrication
JP3479172B2 (ja) 蓄熱材の製造方法
JPS6058480A (ja) 蓄熱材
JP2002088351A (ja) 潜熱蓄熱材
JPH06159965A (ja) 潜熱媒体およびそれを用いた熱回収蓄熱システム

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LU NL SE

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 2860041

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19801113

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19810630

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19830816

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Free format text: IC GAS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19840614

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19840615

Year of fee payment: 7

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19840615

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19840630

Year of fee payment: 7

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19840630

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19850630

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19860610

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19860630

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19860630

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: IC GAS INTERNATIONAL

Effective date: 19860630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19870101

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19870227

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19870303

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 78300030.0

Effective date: 19870504

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT