DK170860B1 - Fremgangsmåde til behandling af en overflade til påfølgende påføring af et organisk finishovertræk samt sur, vandig dispersion til anvendelse ved fremgangsmåden - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåde til behandling af en overflade til påfølgende påføring af et organisk finishovertræk samt sur, vandig dispersion til anvendelse ved fremgangsmåden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK170860B1 DK170860B1 DK679987A DK679987A DK170860B1 DK 170860 B1 DK170860 B1 DK 170860B1 DK 679987 A DK679987 A DK 679987A DK 679987 A DK679987 A DK 679987A DK 170860 B1 DK170860 B1 DK 170860B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- process according
- aluminum
- silica
- coating
- Prior art date
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000005002 finish coating Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229960002050 hydrofluoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ni]F DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001408653 Siona Species 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RPUZVWKKWXPKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].OP([O-])([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O RPUZVWKKWXPKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002020 Aerosil® OX 50 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002800 Si–O–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N gtpl8555 Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](B1O[C@@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](C3(C)C)C[C@H]2O1)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006115 industrial coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
- C09D5/084—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8630740 | 1986-12-23 | ||
| GB868630740A GB8630740D0 (en) | 1986-12-23 | 1986-12-23 | Treatment of metal surfaces |
| GB878703583A GB8703583D0 (en) | 1987-02-17 | 1987-02-17 | Anti-corrosives |
| GB8703583 | 1987-02-17 | ||
| GB8717231 | 1987-07-21 | ||
| GB878717231A GB8717231D0 (en) | 1987-07-21 | 1987-07-21 | Pretreatment processes |
| IN1120DE1987 | 1987-12-23 | ||
| IN1120DE1987 IN172497B (ja) | 1986-12-23 | 1987-12-23 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK679987D0 DK679987D0 (da) | 1987-12-22 |
| DK679987A DK679987A (da) | 1988-06-24 |
| DK170860B1 true DK170860B1 (da) | 1996-02-12 |
Family
ID=27449861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK679987A DK170860B1 (da) | 1986-12-23 | 1987-12-22 | Fremgangsmåde til behandling af en overflade til påfølgende påføring af et organisk finishovertræk samt sur, vandig dispersion til anvendelse ved fremgangsmåden |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US4881975A (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP0273698B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2564345B2 (ja) |
| AT (2) | ATE96853T1 (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU611120B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8707017A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1338435C (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE3751283T2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK170860B1 (ja) |
| ES (2) | ES2052587T3 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI90669C (ja) |
| IE (1) | IE60266B1 (ja) |
| IN (1) | IN172497B (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO180273C (ja) |
Families Citing this family (43)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4881975A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-11-21 | Albright & Wilson Limited | Products for treating surfaces |
| US5656074A (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1997-08-12 | Albright & Wilson Limited | Pigment which is substantially free of water-soluble salts and confers corrosion resistance |
| GB2228489B (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1992-06-10 | Albright & Wilson | Surface treatment |
| US5028489A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1991-07-02 | Union Oil Of California | Sol/gel polymer surface coatings and corrosion protection enhancement |
| US5166248A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1992-11-24 | Union Oil Company Of California | Sol/gel-containing surface coating polymer compositions |
| US5198487A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1993-03-30 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for preparing salt-containing surface coating polymer compositions |
| US5162413A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1992-11-10 | Union Oil Company Of California | Salt-containing surface coating polymer compositions and substrates coated therewith |
| US5158605A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1992-10-27 | Union Oil Company Of California | Sol/gel polymer surface coatings and corrosion protection enhancement |
| US5175202A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1992-12-29 | Union Oil Company Of California | Salt-containing glossy surface coating polymer compositions and substrates coated therewith |
| GB8906160D0 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1989-05-04 | Alcan Int Ltd | Surface preparation for aluminium |
| US5103550A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1992-04-14 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method of making a food or beverage container |
| US5281282A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-01-25 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating metal |
| US5356490A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-10-18 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating metal |
| GB9207725D0 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1992-05-27 | Brent Chemicals Int | Phosphating solution for metal substrates |
| JPH06145602A (ja) * | 1992-09-02 | 1994-05-27 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | 熱硬化性塗料組成物 |
| DE69330138T3 (de) * | 1992-11-30 | 2007-10-11 | Bulk Chemicals, Inc. | Verfahren und zusammensetzungen zur behandlung von metalloberflächen |
| BR9507776A (pt) * | 1994-05-27 | 1997-08-19 | Herberts & Co Gmbh | Processo para o revestimento de substratos de metal fosfatizados |
| US5532024A (en) * | 1995-05-01 | 1996-07-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for improving the adhesion of polymeric adhesives to nickel surfaces |
| US6190780B1 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 2001-02-20 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Surface treated metal material and surface treating agent |
| US6214132B1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2001-04-10 | Henkel Corporation | Conditioning metal surfaces prior to phosphate conversion coating |
| TWI221861B (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2004-10-11 | Toyo Boseki | Agent for treating metallic surface, surface-treated metal material and coated metal material |
| US6375782B1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-04-23 | J. Kumar | Process for the manufacture of decorative stainless steel articles |
| US6051672A (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-04-18 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method for making hydrophobic non-aggregated colloidal silica |
| GB9822523D0 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 1998-12-09 | Courtaulds Coatings Holdings | Powder coating compositions |
| GB9822527D0 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 1998-12-09 | Courtaulds Coatings Holdings | Powder coating compositions |
| US6743302B2 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2004-06-01 | Henkel Corporation | Dry-in-place zinc phosphating compositions including adhesion-promoting polymers |
| ES2405841T3 (es) * | 2001-02-26 | 2013-06-04 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Producto de acero tratado en la superficie, método para la producción del mismo y solución de tratamiento de conversión química |
| US20070178236A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2007-08-02 | Larsen N T | Method and apparatus for anti-corrosive coating |
| US20060000183A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2006-01-05 | Farwest Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus for anticorrosive coating |
| EP1587884A2 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2005-10-26 | University of Missouri Curators, Office of Tech. & Spec. Projects | Corrosion resistant coatings containing rare earth compounds |
| US20040249023A1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-12-09 | Stoffer James O. | Compounds for corrosion resistant primer coatings and protection of metal substrates |
| US7601425B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Corrosion resistant coatings containing carbon |
| FR2879219B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-13 | 2007-06-22 | Electro Rech Sarl | Procede de traitement de surface d'une piece revetue d'une couche de zinc ou de zinc allie ainsi que piece obtenue par la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| DE102005018925A1 (de) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
| DE102005042474A1 (de) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Ag | Beschichtung eines thermisch und erosiv belasteten Funktionsbauteil, sowie ein Trennmittel und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Beschichtung |
| US20090017294A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Coating for decorative metals with improved mar and scratch resistance and methods of application |
| JP5633117B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-12 | 2014-12-03 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 錫めっき鋼板の製造方法および錫めっき鋼板ならびに化成処理液 |
| WO2012143934A2 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-26 | Mahindra & Mahindra Limited | Corrosion resistance passivation formulation and process of preparation thereof |
| CN104862706A (zh) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽豪鼎金属制品有限公司 | 一种环保水基金属表面处理剂 |
| CN104862683A (zh) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽豪鼎金属制品有限公司 | 一种丝胶钾皂金属表面处理剂 |
| CN107899908A (zh) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-04-13 | 扬州纯平大师工具有限公司 | 涂料滚筒刷支架喷塑工艺 |
| RU2755598C2 (ru) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-09-17 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЕВРОКАР" | Защитный антикоррозионный материал |
| CN115637134A (zh) * | 2021-07-17 | 2023-01-24 | 纯钧新材料(深圳)有限公司 | 超低温相变凝胶 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB745890A (en) * | 1951-10-09 | 1956-03-07 | Columbia Southern Chem Corp | Improvements in or relating to a method and process for preparing and treating finely divided pigmentary silica |
| US2811473A (en) * | 1953-12-07 | 1957-10-29 | United States Steel Corp | Composition and method for increasing surface resistivity of silicon steel |
| US2811433A (en) * | 1955-01-14 | 1957-10-29 | Republic Steel Corp | Process of treating iron in gas-pervious form to improve its characteristics |
| US3139406A (en) * | 1960-10-12 | 1964-06-30 | Nalco Chemical Co | Method of producing hydrous metal oxide sols |
| DE1287890B (ja) * | 1961-03-23 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| NL281233A (ja) * | 1961-08-03 | |||
| FR1366777A (fr) * | 1963-04-02 | 1964-07-17 | Parker Ste Continentale | Procédé de revêtement du zinc |
| US3506499A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1970-04-14 | Yawata Seitetsu Kk | Method of surface-treating zinc,aluminum and their alloys |
| NL142817B (nl) * | 1965-03-02 | 1974-07-15 | Philips Nv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een indirect verhitte kathode, en kathode vervaardigd volgens deze werkwijze. |
| GB1234181A (ja) * | 1967-06-14 | 1971-06-03 | ||
| FR96396E (fr) * | 1968-02-28 | 1972-06-16 | Parker Ste Continentale | Procédé de revetement de métaux par phosphatation. |
| US3562011A (en) * | 1968-04-26 | 1971-02-09 | Gen Electric | Insulating coating comprising an aqueous mixture of the reaction product of chromium nitrate and sodium chromate,phosphoric acid and colloidal silica and method of making the same |
| US3650783A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1972-03-21 | Du Pont | Trivalent metal phosphate coated colloidal silica molding powders |
| DE1940412A1 (de) * | 1969-08-08 | 1971-04-29 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung feinteiliger,durch Metalloxid modifizierter Kieselsaeuren |
| US3705826A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1972-12-12 | Gen Electric | Insulating coating and method of making the same |
| DE2143957A1 (de) * | 1971-09-02 | 1973-03-08 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zum aufbringen eines phosphatueberzuges auf eisen und stahl |
| BE789262A (fr) * | 1971-09-27 | 1973-01-15 | Nippon Steel Corp | Procede de formation d'un film isolant sur un feuillard d'acierau silicium oriente |
| US3798074A (en) * | 1972-03-23 | 1974-03-19 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Surface finishing |
| SE377581B (ja) * | 1973-11-01 | 1975-07-14 | Asea Ab | |
| CA1029485A (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1978-04-11 | Herman E. Seymus | Fluorocarbon polymer coating compositions containing silica and aluminum phosphate |
| BE825180A (fr) * | 1974-02-12 | 1975-08-04 | Composition de revetement se durcissant a relativement basse temperature | |
| US3948786A (en) * | 1974-10-11 | 1976-04-06 | Armco Steel Corporation | Insulative coating for electrical steels |
| JPS5917521B2 (ja) * | 1975-08-22 | 1984-04-21 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 方向性けい素鋼板に耐熱性のよい上塗り絶縁被膜を形成する方法 |
| JPS52133837A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-11-09 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Metal surface treatment |
| SE402470B (sv) * | 1976-10-29 | 1978-07-03 | Asea Ab | Sett att behandla ett med en isolerande skyddsbeleggning av silikat forsett foremal av kiselhaltigt stal |
| DE2711431C2 (de) * | 1977-03-16 | 1986-12-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Metallen |
| DE2738282A1 (de) * | 1977-08-25 | 1979-03-01 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zum aufbringen von phosphatueberzuegen |
| GB1587147A (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1981-04-01 | Asea Ab | Method of treating objects of silicon steel |
| JPS5544522A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1980-03-28 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Fe-cr-co type magnet alloy |
| JPS6041705B2 (ja) * | 1978-09-25 | 1985-09-18 | 日本パ−カライジング株式会社 | 塗布型金属表面処理組成物 |
| GB2071070B (en) * | 1979-02-03 | 1983-02-02 | British Petroleum Co | Corrosion inhibitors method of producing them and protective coatings containing them |
| DE2905535A1 (de) * | 1979-02-14 | 1980-09-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur oberflaechenbehandlung von metallen |
| DE3236247A1 (de) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-12 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur oberflaechenbehandlung von aluminium |
| JPS6031903A (ja) * | 1983-07-31 | 1985-02-18 | 松下電工株式会社 | 凹凸木質化粧板の製法 |
| JPS6039169A (ja) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-02-28 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | 親水性金属表面処理剤 |
| CA1256003A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1989-06-20 | Parker Chemical Company | Metal base coating composition comprising chromium, silica and phosphate and process for coating metal therewith |
| GB8424159D0 (en) * | 1984-09-25 | 1984-10-31 | Pyrene Chemical Services Ltd | Cromate coatings for metals |
| CA1276002C (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1990-11-06 | Lawrence L. Murrell | Catalysts comprising silica supported on alumina their preparation and use |
| US4758281A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-07-19 | International Minerals & Chemical Corp. | Anti-corrosive protective coatings |
| US4881975A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-11-21 | Albright & Wilson Limited | Products for treating surfaces |
-
1987
- 1987-12-21 US US07/135,437 patent/US4881975A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-22 DK DK679987A patent/DK170860B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-22 FI FI875659A patent/FI90669C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-22 NO NO875394A patent/NO180273C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-22 IE IE349187A patent/IE60266B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-23 CA CA000555322A patent/CA1338435C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-23 DE DE3751283T patent/DE3751283T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1987-12-23 ES ES87311341T patent/ES2052587T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-23 ES ES92103303T patent/ES2075495T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-23 IN IN1120DE1987 patent/IN172497B/en unknown
- 1987-12-23 AT AT87311341T patent/ATE96853T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-23 BR BR8707017A patent/BR8707017A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-23 EP EP87311341A patent/EP0273698B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-23 JP JP62326640A patent/JP2564345B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-23 EP EP92103303A patent/EP0486476B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1987-12-23 AT AT92103303T patent/ATE122081T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-23 AU AU82984/87A patent/AU611120B2/en not_active Expired
- 1987-12-23 DE DE87311341T patent/DE3788050T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-10-10 US US07/419,149 patent/US5061315A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-10 US US07/419,156 patent/US5061314A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-28 AU AU73878/91A patent/AU634641B2/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PUP | Patent expired |