DE832313C - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelzusaetzen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelzusaetzen

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Publication number
DE832313C
DE832313C DEP25364D DEP0025364D DE832313C DE 832313 C DE832313 C DE 832313C DE P25364 D DEP25364 D DE P25364D DE P0025364 D DEP0025364 D DE P0025364D DE 832313 C DE832313 C DE 832313C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricants
production
lubricant additives
compounds
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEP25364D
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mintje Van Loon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Original Assignee
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV filed Critical Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE832313C publication Critical patent/DE832313C/de
Priority to DEP23366A priority Critical patent/DE1091669B/de
Priority to US48888A priority patent/US3090883A/en
Priority to GB27999/60A priority patent/GB963700A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/02—Alkylation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F240/00—Copolymers of hydrocarbons and mineral oils, e.g. petroleum resins
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    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/14—Group 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelzusätzen.
Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,· daß aromatische Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere polare Gruppen, wie die O H- oder COO H-Gruppe, enthalten, zusammen mit einem Überschuß von Verbindungen mit einer aliphatischen Doppelbindung, die mehr als vier Kohlenstoffatome im Molekül enthalten, gleichzeitig einem Alkylierungs- und Polymerisationsprozeß unterworfen werden.
Beispielsweise kommen gemäß der Erfindung folgende aromatische Verbindungen in Betracht: Benzylalkohol, Benzoesäure, Mandelsäure, Phenol, Salicylsäure, Aminophenol, Nitronaphthalin, Naph- j thalinsulfonsäure oder Mischungen von diesen oder ähnliche Substanzen.
Beispiele von Verbindungen mit einer aliphatischen Doppelbindung, die mehr als etwa vier Kohlenstoffatome im Molekül enthalten, sind: Olefine, wie Hexen, Decen und Ceten, Cycloolefine, wie Cyclohexen, Mischungen, die Olefine enthalten, wie z. B. Destillate, erzeugt durch Cracker! von Paraffinwachs im dampfförmigen oder flüssigen Zustand, ungesättigte Alkohole, wie Allyl- und Oleinalkohol, ungesättigte Carbonsäuren, wie öl- und Linolsäure, ungesättigte Aldehyde, wie Acrolein, ungesättigte Ester, wie sie im Rübsamenöl oder Sojabohnenöl usw. enthalten sind.
Die Alkylierungs- und Polymerisationsprozesse werden in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren, wie z. B. von Aluminiumchlorid, Borfluorid und Flußsäure, durchgeführt, und zwar in der Regel bei einer Temperatur von über etwa 500.
Obwohl die durch den Alkylierungs- und Polymerisationsprozeß erhaltenen Produkte als Schmieröle oder als Zusätze zu diesen geeignet sind, kommen sie noch mehr als Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung von Metallsalze enthaltenden Schmiermitteln oder von Metallsalzzusätzen zu an sich bekannten Schmiermitteln in Betracht, um diesen Spezialeigenschaften zu verleihen.
So fördern die Salze der Metalle der zweiten und
ίο dritten Gruppe des periodischen Systems, von Metallen der sechsten Gruppe und von denen der Fe-Gruppe, wenn sie in Schmiermitteln beispielsweise für Zylinder von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen verwendet werden, das Reinhalten der Zylinder, verhindern die Bildung von kohlenstoffartigen Ablagerungen auf den Kolben und in den Kolbenringnuten, beugen dem Kleben der Kolbenringe in ihren Nuten vor und schrärfken die Abnutzung und das Reißen infolge Korrosion ein.
Im allgemeinen verbessern die Zusätze gemäß der Erfindung die Beständigkeit der Schmiermittel gegen Oxydation und Zersetzung bei hohen Temperaturen.
Diese Wirkungen sind an sich bekannt, und es ist, um sie zu erzielen, bereits vorgeschlagen worden, den Schmiermitteln Salze mehrwertiger Metalle aromatischer Carbonsäuren, die im Kern substituiert sein können, z. B. das Calciumsalz der Di isopropy!salicylsäure, zuzusetzen.
Jedoch es ist ein Nachteil der bekannten Zusätze, daß ihre Herstellung nicht einfach ist und daß es schwierig ist, sie dem Schmiermittel einzuverleiben-Die Produkte gemäß der Erfindung und die daraus erhaltenen Metallsalze können auf einfachere Weise hergestellt und darüber hinaus ohne Schwierigkeiten mit dem Schmiermittel gemischt werden, dem sie beizufügen sind. Überdies haben sie den bedeutenden Vorteil, daß sie ausgezeichnete Erfolge ergeben, wenn sie in Schmiermitteln mit einem hohen Viskositätsindex verwendet werden, was auf die erwähnten, bereits bekannten Zusätze nicht zutrifft, die am besten in ölen mit einem niedrigen Viskositätsindex wirken. Jedoch ist es ein wesentlicher Punkt für ein in jeder Hinsicht überlegenes Schmieröl, z. B. für Dieselmotoren, daß es einen hohen Viskositätsindex aufweist, um einerseits die Schwierigkeiten beim Ingangsetzen bei kaltem Wetter zu vermeiden und andererseits eine ausreichend hohe Viskosität bei der Arbeitstemperatur der Maschine zu haben.
Die Überlegenheit der die Metallsalze enthaltenden Produkte gemäß der Erfindung kann nicht erklärt werden durch die Anwesenheit der durch Polymerisation der ungesättigten aliphatischen Verbindüngen gebildeten Komponente, denn ein durch Mischen erhaltenes Produkt, z. B. durch Mischen des Calciumsalzes der Diisopropylsalicylsäure mit einem Produkt, das durch Polymerisation eines durch Cracken von Paraffinwachs im dampfförmigen Zustand erzeugten Destillats (Siedepunkte etwa zwischen 30 und 3400) erhalten wurde, war im praktischen Gebrauch dem Calciumsalz eines gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten Produktes weit unterlegen, nämlich dadurch, daß man eine Mischung von Salicylsäure und eines Überschusses des gleichen Crackdestillats gleichzeitig einem Alkylierungs- und Polymerisationsprozeß unterwarf.
Die Erfindung wird an dem nachstehenden Beispiel erläutert.
Beispiel
Eine Mischung von Salicylsäure mit einem zwischen 30 und 3400 siedenden, durch Spalten von Paraffin in dampfförmigem Zustand erhaltenen Destillat in dem Gewichtsverhältnis von 1 : 8 wurde auf etwa ioo° erhitzt, während gasförmiges Borfluorid eingeführt wurde. Nach annähernd 2 Stunden wurde festgestellt, daß etwa 70% der Salicylsäure und 75% der Olefine sich umgesetzt hatten. Nach Vornahme einer Wasserdampfdestillation und Waschen mit Wasser, um unveränderte Olefine und nicht umgesetzte Salicylsäure zu entfernen, blieb ein ziemlich viskoses öl mit einer Säurezahl 55 übrig.
Durch Erhitzen unter gleichzeitigem Verrühren mit der für die Neutralisation erforderlichen Menge von gelöschtem Kalk erhielt man ein Calciumsalz enthaltendes ölartiges Produkt.
Eine Menge von 4% von diesem Produkt wurde in gereinigtem Venezuela-Schmieröl-Destillat ge- go löst. Bei dem Ausprobieren dieses Öls in einem Benzinmotor wurde gefunden, daß die Kolben sauberer blieben und daß die Ablagerung auf dem Kolben geringer war als in dem Falle, in dem das gleiche Schmieröl bei einem Zusatz von 1 Gewichtsprozent von Calcium-Diisopropylsalicylat ausprobiert wurde (beide Schmieröle hatten den gleichen Calciumgehalt).
Auch bei Verwendung in einer Dieselmaschine ergab das das Calciumsalz enthaltende Produkt ein besseres Resultat hinsichtlich der Ablagerung von verunreinigenden Stoffen auf dem Kolben und Zylinder im Vergleich mit dem Calciumdiisopropylsalicylat.

Claims (1)

  1. PATENTANSPRUCH:
    Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelzusätzen, insbesondere für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aromatische Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere polare Gruppen, wie die OH- oder COOH-Gruppe, enthalten, zusammen mit einem Überschuß von Verbindungen mit einer aliphatischen Doppelbindung, die mehr als vier Kohlenstoffatome im Molekül enthalten, gleichzeitig einer Alkylierungs- und Polymerisationsbehandlung unterworfen und gegebenenfalls anschließend in ihre Metallsalze übergeführt werden.
    © 3234 2.52
DEP25364D 1945-07-31 1948-12-18 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmiermitteln bzw. Schmiermittelzusaetzen Expired DE832313C (de)

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DEP23366A DE1091669B (de) 1948-12-18 1959-08-14 Hochdruckentladungslampe
US48888A US3090883A (en) 1948-12-18 1960-08-11 Electric high pressure discharge lamps
GB27999/60A GB963700A (en) 1948-12-18 1960-08-12 Improvements in high pressure discharge lamps

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US4320021A (en) 1975-10-14 1982-03-16 The Lubrizol Corporation Amino phenols useful as additives for fuels and lubricants
US5207940A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-05-04 Ethyl Corporation α-olefin oligomer-phenol lubricant oil adducts
US5225588A (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-07-06 Ethyl Corporation Process for alkylating salicylates with polyalphaolefin
CN108264892A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-07-10 东北农业大学 一种用于释放地下油质材料的表面活性剂的组合物

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US2197837A (en) * 1936-08-29 1940-04-23 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Mineral oil composition
US2228671A (en) * 1938-10-04 1941-01-14 Standard Oil Co Compounded mineral oil
US2228661A (en) * 1938-10-08 1941-01-14 Standard Oil Co Compounded oil
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US2347546A (en) * 1940-12-07 1944-04-25 Sinclair Refining Co Lubricating oil composition
US2324784A (en) * 1941-01-02 1943-07-20 Standard Oil Dev Co Condensation product and method of preparing and using same
US2347547A (en) * 1941-08-15 1944-04-25 Sinclair Refining Co Lubricating oil composition
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GB625104A (en) 1949-06-22
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US2483859A (en) 1949-10-04
FR929275A (fr) 1947-12-22

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