DE60016854T2 - Ein-und Auslasssteuersysteme für Brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Ein-und Auslasssteuersysteme für Brennkraftmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
DE60016854T2
DE60016854T2 DE60016854T DE60016854T DE60016854T2 DE 60016854 T2 DE60016854 T2 DE 60016854T2 DE 60016854 T DE60016854 T DE 60016854T DE 60016854 T DE60016854 T DE 60016854T DE 60016854 T2 DE60016854 T2 DE 60016854T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
exhaust
valve
exhaust pipe
control
intake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE60016854T
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
DE60016854D1 (de
Inventor
Hajime 4-1 Yamada
Toshihiko 4-1 Suda
Tetsuya 4-1 Nakayasu
Noriyoshi 4-1 Tsutsui
Shigeru 4-1 Kodaira
Kenjiro 4-1 Saito
Mitsuo 4-1 Kusa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE60016854D1 publication Critical patent/DE60016854D1/de
Publication of DE60016854T2 publication Critical patent/DE60016854T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
    • F02M35/10013—Means upstream of the air filter; Connection to the ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F02B27/0205—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the charging effect
    • F02B27/0215—Oscillating pipe charging, i.e. variable intake pipe length charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F02B27/0226—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
    • F02B27/0268—Valves
    • F02B27/0273—Flap valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F02B27/0294—Actuators or controllers therefor; Diagnosis; Calibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/04—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues in exhaust systems only, e.g. for sucking-off combustion gases
    • F02B27/06—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues in exhaust systems only, e.g. for sucking-off combustion gases the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/02—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/20—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders all in one line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
    • F02M35/10026—Plenum chambers
    • F02M35/10039—Intake ducts situated partly within or on the plenum chamber housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
    • F02M35/10118—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements with variable cross-sections of intake ducts along their length; Venturis; Diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10209—Fluid connections to the air intake system; their arrangement of pipes, valves or the like
    • F02M35/10216—Fuel injectors; Fuel pipes or rails; Fuel pumps or pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10242—Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
    • F02M35/10301—Flexible, resilient, pivotally or movable parts; Membranes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/104—Intake manifolds
    • F02M35/112—Intake manifolds for engines with cylinders all in one line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/16—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines characterised by use in vehicles
    • F02M35/162—Motorcycles; All-terrain vehicles, e.g. quads, snowmobiles; Small vehicles, e.g. forklifts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1816—Number of cylinders four
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Characterised By The Charging Evacuation (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
DE60016854T 1999-09-03 2000-08-11 Ein-und Auslasssteuersysteme für Brennkraftmaschinen Expired - Lifetime DE60016854T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25081399 1999-09-03
JP25081399 1999-09-03
JP2000101330 2000-03-31
JP2000101330A JP4344455B2 (ja) 1999-09-03 2000-03-31 エンジンの吸気及び排気制御装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE60016854D1 DE60016854D1 (de) 2005-01-27
DE60016854T2 true DE60016854T2 (de) 2005-12-08

Family

ID=26539929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE60016854T Expired - Lifetime DE60016854T2 (de) 1999-09-03 2000-08-11 Ein-und Auslasssteuersysteme für Brennkraftmaschinen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US6378471B1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1081370B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP4344455B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE60016854T2 (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006039952A1 (de) * 2006-08-25 2008-03-13 Mahle International Gmbh Luftfilter

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6598390B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2003-07-29 Liang Fei Industry Co. Ltd. Easily controlled exhaust pipe
DE10231056A1 (de) * 2002-07-10 2004-02-05 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Abgasanlage
JP4474111B2 (ja) * 2003-03-31 2010-06-02 本田技研工業株式会社 自動二輪車
JP4421941B2 (ja) 2003-07-01 2010-02-24 本田技研工業株式会社 車両用エンジンの吸気装置
JP4272029B2 (ja) * 2003-09-30 2009-06-03 本田技研工業株式会社 自動二輪車の排気制御装置
US7347045B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2008-03-25 Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, Inc. Motorcycle dynamic exhaust system
EP1628014B1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2014-12-03 Perkins Engines Company Limited Exhaust manifold arrangement
EP1630381B1 (de) * 2004-08-24 2011-06-01 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, A subsidary of Ford Motor Company Luftansaugkanalsystem mit in der Länge stufenlos verstellbaren Ansaugkanälen und Verfahren zur Veränderung der Länge derartiger Ansaugkanäle
JP4444868B2 (ja) * 2005-03-31 2010-03-31 本田技研工業株式会社 吸気ダクト構造
JP2007023802A (ja) * 2005-07-12 2007-02-01 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 鞍乗型車両
US7610993B2 (en) * 2005-08-26 2009-11-03 John Timothy Sullivan Flow-through mufflers with optional thermo-electric, sound cancellation, and tuning capabilities
JP2007218174A (ja) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Toyota Motor Corp 可変排気装置
US7401590B2 (en) * 2006-10-09 2008-07-22 Harley-Davidson Motor Company Group, Inc. Active air intake for an engine
WO2009020426A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 Engine Solution Sweden Aktiebolag Valve arrangement for a combustion engine
JP4909229B2 (ja) * 2007-09-28 2012-04-04 本田技研工業株式会社 車両用エンジンの排気制御装置
JP4680971B2 (ja) * 2007-09-28 2011-05-11 本田技研工業株式会社 車両用エンジンの排気制御装置
JP5086056B2 (ja) * 2007-12-27 2012-11-28 本田技研工業株式会社 自動二輪車の触媒配置構造
JP4996521B2 (ja) * 2008-03-28 2012-08-08 本田技研工業株式会社 自動二輪車のラジエータリザーブタンク配置構造
EP2317116B1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2012-07-11 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Two-wheeled motor vehicle
JP6012483B2 (ja) * 2013-01-16 2016-10-25 本田技研工業株式会社 鞍乗型車両の排気装置
JP6069154B2 (ja) * 2013-09-27 2017-02-01 本田技研工業株式会社 小型車両の吸気装置
DE102015113159A1 (de) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-16 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh Bauteil einer Abgasanlage
US10526043B2 (en) * 2016-06-24 2020-01-07 V&H Performance, Llc Motorcycle exhaust with catalytic converter
US11808186B2 (en) 2021-05-12 2023-11-07 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Surface component for vehicle exhaust system
WO2023141788A1 (zh) * 2022-01-25 2023-08-03 浙江春风动力股份有限公司 全地形车

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US2297235A (en) * 1938-02-03 1942-09-29 Muller Alfred Control for supercharged engines
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US3094836A (en) * 1961-02-20 1963-06-25 Continental Motors Corp Engine controls
JPS58155270A (ja) 1982-03-10 1983-09-14 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd エンジンの加速時燃料増量装置
JPS60147536A (ja) * 1984-01-11 1985-08-03 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd ４サイクル内燃機関の吸排気装置
JPS61218720A (ja) * 1985-03-25 1986-09-29 Mazda Motor Corp 過給機付エンジンの吸気装置
US4840029A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-06-20 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas control means for engine
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JPH0819853B2 (ja) * 1986-09-13 1996-02-28 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 エンジンの排気制御装置
EP0265889B1 (en) * 1986-10-27 1992-04-01 Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas control means for motorcycle and the like
CA1316114C (en) * 1988-02-05 1993-04-13 Takashi Ichimura Exhaust system for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines and method for controlling same
US4860538A (en) * 1988-02-23 1989-08-29 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas control means for motorcycle and the like
JP2701206B2 (ja) * 1988-09-12 1998-01-21 スズキ株式会社 排気制御装置
JPH02207132A (ja) * 1989-02-07 1990-08-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関
JP2733097B2 (ja) * 1989-06-05 1998-03-30 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の吸排気装置
JP3083599B2 (ja) * 1991-09-30 2000-09-04 株式会社日立製作所 排気ガス浄化システム
JPH0834092B2 (ja) 1992-08-28 1996-03-29 株式会社島津製作所 Ｘ線マイクロアナライザ
US5655362A (en) * 1993-09-24 1997-08-12 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust emission control system in engine
JP3336750B2 (ja) * 1994-08-08 2002-10-21 トヨタ自動車株式会社 パティキュレート捕集用フィルタの再生方法及びパティキュレート捕集用フィルタを具備する排気浄化装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006039952A1 (de) * 2006-08-25 2008-03-13 Mahle International Gmbh Luftfilter
DE102006039952B4 (de) * 2006-08-25 2012-12-20 Mahle International Gmbh Luftfilter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6772588B2 (en) 2004-08-10
EP1081370A3 (en) 2001-10-10
EP1081370A2 (en) 2001-03-07
US20020112470A1 (en) 2002-08-22
DE60016854D1 (de) 2005-01-27
JP4344455B2 (ja) 2009-10-14
JP2001140660A (ja) 2001-05-22
US6378471B1 (en) 2002-04-30
EP1081370B1 (en) 2004-12-22

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