DE4329323C2 - Brennstoffzellenstromerzeugungssystem - Google Patents
BrennstoffzellenstromerzeugungssystemInfo
- Publication number
- DE4329323C2 DE4329323C2 DE4329323A DE4329323A DE4329323C2 DE 4329323 C2 DE4329323 C2 DE 4329323C2 DE 4329323 A DE4329323 A DE 4329323A DE 4329323 A DE4329323 A DE 4329323A DE 4329323 C2 DE4329323 C2 DE 4329323C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- power generation
- generation system
- fuel
- electrical energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
- (1) Der mittlere Abstand d(002) zwischen benachbarten (002) Ebenen des Kristalliten des Kohlenstoffmaterials ist 0,37 nm oder weniger, vorzugsweise 0,33 nm oder mehr bis 0,34 nm oder weniger, gemessen mit einem Röntgendiffraktionsanalyseverfahren. Wenn das Kohlenstoffmaterial mit einem innerhalb des genannten Bereiches liegenden mittleren Abstand d(002) für die Anode der sekundären Lithiumzelle verwendet wird, kann die Kapazität der sekundären Lithiumzelle vergrößert werden. Zusätzlich kann die Lebens dauer der sekundären Lithiumzelle verlängert werden. Dies kann der Tatsache zugeschrie ben werden, daß, wenn der mittlere Abstand d(002) innerhalb des genannten Bereiches liegt, viele Lithium-Ionen einfach zwischen benachbarten, hexagonal netzgeformten Ebenen des Kohlenstoffmaterials eingeschlossen werden können, so daß die Ionen leicht absorbiert und entladen werden.
- (2) Kohlenstoffmaterial mit einer Graphitstruktur, dessen Kristallit eine mittlere Länge La in Richtung der a-Achse von 10 nm oder mehr hat, gemessen aus der Diffraktionsspitze der (100) Ebene oder (10) Ebene mittels Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse.
- (3) Kohlenstoffmaterial mit einer Graphitstruktur, dessen Kristallit eine mittlere Länge Lc in Richtung der c-Achse von 15 nm oder mehr hat, gemessen aus der Diffraktionsspitze der (002) Ebene oder (004) Ebene mittels Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse.
- (4) Kohlenstoffmaterial, dessen Verhältnis R₁/R₂ einer Spitzenintensität (R₁) bei 1360 cm-1 eines Raman Spektrums, gemessen mit dem Kohlenstoffmaterial unter Verwendung eines Argoniaser Lichtstrahls (mit einer Wellenlänge von 514,5 um) als Lichtquelle, zu einer Spitzenintensität (R₂) bei 1580 cm-1, ebenso gemessen, einen Wert von 1 oder weniger hat.
Claims (12)
eine Reformereinneit (13) zum Erhitzen und Zersetzen eines Rohmaterials, das aus einem flüssigen Brennstoff und Wasser als Hauptbestandteile zusammengesetzt ist, wobei Verbrennungsgas zum Erzeugen von Wasserstoffgas verwendet wird,
eine Brennstoffzelle (12) zur kontinuierlichen Versorgung einer vorbestimm ten Last (33) mit elektrischer Energie, welche Brennstoffzelle (12) umfaßt eine elek trolytische Schicht (12a), eine längs einer Hauptoberfläche der elektrolytischen Schicht (12a) angeordnete Brennstoffelektrode (12b) und eine längs der anderen Hauptoberfläche der elektrolytischen Schicht (12a) angeordnete Sauerstoffelektrode (12c), wobei die Brennstoffelektrode (12b) das in der Reformereinheit (13) erzeugte Wasserstoffgas aufnimmt und die Sauerstoffelektrode (12c) Sauerstoff aufnimmt, so daß elektrische Energie erzeugt wird,
Sekundärzellen (45a, 45b) zur Versorgung der Last (33) mit einer erforderli chen Menge an elektrischer Energie zumindest während der Anfangszeit, bis die Erzeu gung elektrischer Energie in der Brennstoffzelle (12) beginnt, oder zu der Zeit zu der sich die Größe der Last (33) verändert, und
eine Einrichtung (48a, 48b) zur Leistungsverschiebung oder zum Umschalten der Quelle der der Last (33) zuzuführenden elektrischen Energie von der Brennstoffzelle (12) zur Sekundärzelle (45a, 45b) oder von der Sekundärzelle (45a, 45b) zur Brenn stoffzelle (12),
wobei die elektrolytische Schicht (12a), die die Brennstoffzelle (12) aufbaut, aus einem Film hochmolekularen Materials mit ionischer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit zusammengesetzt ist und die Sekundärzelle (45a, 45b) eine sekundäre Lithiumzelle ist, welche aus einem auf nichtwäßriger Lösung basierenden Material oder einem auf einem Festkörperelektrolyt basierenden Material als Elektrolyt besteht.
eine Reformereinheit (13) zum Erhitzen und Zersetzen eines Rohmaterials, das aus einem flüssigen Brennstoff und Wasser als Hauptbestandteile zusammengesetzt ist, wobei Verbrennungsgas zum Erzeugen von Wasserstoffgas verwendet wird,
eine Brennstoffzelle (12) zur kontinuierlichen Versorgung einer vorbestimm ten Last (33) mit elektrischer Energie, welche Brennstoffzelle (12) eine Brennstoffel ektrode (12b) und eine Sauerstoffelektrode (12c) mit einer zwischen der Brennstoffel ektrode (12b) und der Sauerstoffelektrode (12c) angeordneten elektrolytischen Schicht (12a) umfaßt, wobei die Brennstoffelektrode (12b) das in der Reformereinneit (13) erzeugte Wasserstoffgas aufnimmt und die Sauerstoffelektrode (12c) Sauerstoff auf nimmt, so daß elektrische Energie erzeugt wird,
eine Sekundärzelle (14) zur Versorgung der Last (33) mit der erforderlichen Menge an elektrischer Energie zumindest während der Anfangszeit, bis die Erzeugung elektrischer Energie in der Brennstoffzelle (12) beginnt, oder zu der Zeit zu der sich die Größe der Last (33) verändert, und
eine Einrichtung (32a, 32b) zur Leistungsverschiebung bzw. zum Umschal ten der Quelle der der Last (33) zuzuführenden elektrischen Energie von der Brennstoff zelle (12) zur Sekundärzelle (14) oder von der Sekundärzelle (14) zur Brennstoffzelle (12),
wobei das Stromerzeugungssystem eine Brennstoffzellenheizeinrichtung (12d, 18, 18a, 20a) zum Aufheizen der Brennstoffzelle (12) auf eine vorbestimmte Tempera tur für das Ingangsetzen der Erzeugung elektrischer Energie durch die Brennstoffzelle (12), indem das zum Erhitzen und Zersetzen des Rohmaterials in der Refor mereinheit (13) verwendete Verbrennungsgas der Brennstoffzellenseite zugeleitet wird, aufweist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4345319A DE4345319C2 (de) | 1992-09-08 | 1993-08-31 | Brennstoffzellenstromerzeugungssystem |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP23958892 | 1992-09-08 | ||
JP5076761A JPH06140065A (ja) | 1992-09-08 | 1993-04-02 | 燃料電池発電システム |
Publications (2)
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DE4329323A1 DE4329323A1 (de) | 1994-03-10 |
DE4329323C2 true DE4329323C2 (de) | 1996-05-02 |
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DE4329323A Expired - Fee Related DE4329323C2 (de) | 1992-09-08 | 1993-08-31 | Brennstoffzellenstromerzeugungssystem |
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US (2) | US5434015A (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06140065A (de) |
DE (1) | DE4329323C2 (de) |
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- 1993-08-31 DE DE4329323A patent/DE4329323C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1995
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DE19982376B4 (de) * | 1998-10-26 | 2010-05-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Kawasaki | Polymer-Elektrolyt-Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE19944121A1 (de) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-22 | Opel Adam Ag | Brennstoffzelle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US5482790A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
US5434015A (en) | 1995-07-18 |
DE4329323A1 (de) | 1994-03-10 |
JPH06140065A (ja) | 1994-05-20 |
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