DE3208052C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3208052C2 DE3208052C2 DE3208052A DE3208052A DE3208052C2 DE 3208052 C2 DE3208052 C2 DE 3208052C2 DE 3208052 A DE3208052 A DE 3208052A DE 3208052 A DE3208052 A DE 3208052A DE 3208052 C2 DE3208052 C2 DE 3208052C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- organic
- clay
- acid
- anion
- cation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkyl radical Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical group O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBLZLIFKVPJDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-aminododecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O PBLZLIFKVPJDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHWVMMHIJHHXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-trisulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1S(O)(=O)=O MHWVMMHIJHHXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBDSSBMEKXHSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC1 JBDSSBMEKXHSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZHCAAFJSYLFLPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclohexatriene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C=C[CH]1 ZHCAAFJSYLFLPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CACRRXGTWZXOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O CACRRXGTWZXOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPNKBSRBPMAEPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanethioic s-acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(S)=O WPNKBSRBPMAEPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEZZSHJLXOIHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(Cl)=O REEZZSHJLXOIHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940103494 thiosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/44—Products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds, e.g. organoclay material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M113/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickening agent being an inorganic material
- C10M113/16—Inorganic material treated with organic compounds, e.g. coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
-
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/061—Metal salts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
- Y10S507/901—Organically modified inorganic solid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
- Y10S507/926—Packer fluid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
- a) eines Tons vom Smektit-Typ mit einer Kationenaustauschkapazität von zumindest 75 Milliäquivalenten je 100 g des Tons;
- b) eines primären Anions, abgeleitet von einer organischen Schwefelsäure, wie organische Sulfonsäuren und Alkylsulfate, mit einer linearen oder verzweigten Alkylgruppe mit mehr als 9 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder einem aromatischen Ring;
- c) eines sekundären Anions, abgeleitet von organischen Säuren mit einem pKs von weniger als etwa 11,0 und
- d) eines organischen Kations in einer Menge, die ausreicht, um zumindest der Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons und der kationischen Aktivität der primären und sekundären Anionen zu genügen; wobei die Kombination der primären und sekundären Anionen die Leichtigkeit der Dispersion des organophilen Tongelierungsmittels in einer organischen Flüssigkeit in einem Ausmaß erhöht, das größer ist als bei einer äquivalenten Menge entweder des primären oder des sekundären Anions allein.
- (a) eine Aufschlämmung des Tons vom Smektit-Typ in Wasser mit 1 bis 80 Gewichts-% des Tons herstellt;
- (b) die Aufschlämmung auf eine Temperatur zwischen 20°C und 100°C erhitzt;
- (c) insgesamt 5 bis 100 Milliäquivalente einer Mischung der organischen Anionen pro 100 g Ton, 100% aktive Ton-Basis, und das organische Kation in ausreichender Menge zugibt, um der Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons vom Smektit-Typ und der kationischen Aktivität der organischen Anionen zu genügen, während man die Reaktionsmischung rührt, wobei der Anteil an organischem Kation mindestens (100+n) Milliäquivalente beträgt, wobei n der Anteil an primärem Anion ist, ausgedrückt in Milliäquivalenten pro 100 g Ton, 100% aktive Ton-Basis;
- (d) die Reaktion eine ausreichende Zeit fortsetzt, um ein Reaktionsprodukt zu bilden, das organisches Kation-organisches Anion-Komplexe umfaßt, die mit dem Ton vom Smektit-Typ eine Einlagerung bilden und wobei die Kationaustauschstellen des Tons vom Smektit-Typ mit dem organischen Kation substituiert sind; und
- (e) das Reaktionsprodukt gewinnt.
- (1) Benzolsulfonsäuren, wie Benzolsulfonsäure; Phenolsulfonsäure; Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure; Benzoldisulfonsäure, Benzoltrisulfonsäuren; p-Toluolsuilfonsäure; und
- (2) Alkylsulfonsäuren, wie Sulfobernsteinsäurealkylester, wie Dioctylsuccinylsulfonsäure; und Alkylpolyäthoxy-succinylsulfonsäure; Decansulfonsäure, Dodecansulfonsäure und Octadecansulfonsäure.
- (1) Säureanhydride einschließlich Essigsäureanhydrid, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Bernsteinsäureanhydrid und Phthalsäureanhydrid;
- (2) Säurehalogenide einschließlich Acetylchlorid, Octanoylchlorid, Lauroylchlorid, Lauroylbromid und Benzoylbromid;
- (3) 1,1,1-Trihalogenide einschließlich 1,1,1-Trichloräthan und 1,1,1-Tribromoctan; und
- (4) Orthoester einschließlich Äthyl-orthoformiat und Äthyl-orthostearat.
- (1) Carbonsäuren einschließlich
- (a) Benzolcarbonsäuren, wie Benzoesäure; ortho-, meta- und para-Phthalsäure; 1,2,3-Benzoltricarbonsäure; 1,2,4-Benzoltricarbonsäure; 1,3,5-Benzoltricarbonsäure; 1,2,4,5-Benzoltetracarbonsäure; 1,2,3,4,5,6- Benzolhexacarbonsäure (Mellitsäure);
- (b) Alkylcarbonsäuren mit der Formel H-(CH₂)n-COOH, worin n eine Zahl von 0 bis 20 ist. Derartige Verbindungen umfassen Essigsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, Pentansäure, Hexansäure, Heptansäure, Octansäure, Nonansäure, Decansäure, Undecansäure, Laurinsäure, Tridecansäure, Tetradecansäure, Pentadecansäure, Hexadecansäure, Heptadecansäure, Octadecansäure (Stearinsäure), Nonadecansäure, Eicosansäure;
- (c) Alkyldicarbonsäuren mit der Formel HOOC-(CH₂)n-COOH, worin n 0 bis 8 ist, wie Oxalsäure, Malonsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Pimelinsäure, Suberinsäure, Azelainsäure, Sebacinsäure;
- (d) Hydroxyalkylcarbonsäuren, wie Citronensäure, Weinsäure, Apfelsäure, Mandelsäure und 12-Hydroxystearinsäure;
- (e) ungesättigte Alkylcarbonsäuren, wie Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure und Zimtsäure;
- (f) kondensierte ringaromatische Carbonsäuren, wie Naphthalinsäure und Anthracencarbonsäure;
- (g) cycloaliphatische Säuren, wie Cyclohexancarbonsäure, Cyclopentancarbonsäure, Furancarbonsäuren.
- (2) Organische Schwefelsäuren, umfassend:
- (a) Sulfonsäuren einschließlich
- (1) Benzolsulfonsäuren, wie Benzolsulfonsäure, Phenolsulfonsäure, Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure, Benzoldisulfonsäure, Benzoltrisulfonsäuren, p-Toluolsulfonsäure; und
- (2) Alkylsulfonsäuren, wie Methansulfonsäure, Äthansulfonsäure, Butansulfonsäure, Butandisulfonsäure; Sulfosuccinatalkylester, wie Dioctylsuccinylsulfonsäure; und Alkylpolyäthoxysuccinylsulfonsäure; und
- (b) Alkylsulfate, wie die Laurylhalbester von Schwefelsäure, die Octadecylhalbester von Schwefelsäure und die Octylhalbester von Schwefelsäure.
- (a) Sulfonsäuren einschließlich
- (3) Organophosphorsäuren einschließlich
- (a) Phosphonsäuren mit der Formel worin R eine Arylgruppe oder eine Arylgruppe mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist;
- (b) Phosphinsäuren mit der Formel worin R eine Arylgruppe oder eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, wie Dicyclohexylphosphinsäure, Dibutylphosphinsäure und Dilaurylphosphinsäure;
- (c) Thiophosphinsäuren mit der Formel worin R eine Arylgruppe oder eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, wie Diisobutyl-dithiophosphinsäure, Dibutyl-dithiophosphinsäure, Dioctadecyl- dithiophosphinsäure;
- (d) Phosphite, d. h. Diester von Phosphooriger Säure mit der Formel HO-P(OR)₂, worin R eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, wie Dioctadecylphosphit;
- (e) Phosphate, d. h. Diester von Phossphorsäure mit der Formel worin R eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, wie Dioctadecylphosphat.
- (4) Phenole, wie Phenol; Hydrochinon; tert.-Butylcatechin; p-Methoxyphenol und Naphthole.
- (5) Thiosäuren der Formel worin R eine Arylgruppe oder eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, wie Thiosalicylsäure, Thiobenzoesäure, Thioessigsäure, Thiolaurinsäure und Thiostearinsäure.
- (6) Aminosäuren, wie natürlich vorkommende Aminosäuren und Derivate davon, wie 6-Aminohexansäure, 12-Aminododecansäure, N-Phenylglycin und 3-Aminocrotonsäure.
- (7) Polymere Säuren, hergestellt aus sauren Monomeren, worin die saure Funktion in der Polymerkette verbleibt, wie Acrylsäurepolymere und -copolymere mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht; Styrol-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymere.
- (8) Verschiedene Säuren und saure Salze, wie Ferrocyanid, Ferricyanid, Natriumtetraphenylborat, oder jegliche andere, deren Anion ein enges Ionenpaar mit dem organischen Kation bildet, d. h. jegliches Anion, das eine wasserunlösliche Ausfällung mit dem organischen Kation bildet.
- (a) eine Aufschlämmung eines Tons vom Smektit-Typ in Wasser mit 2 bis 7 Gewichts-% des Tons herstellt;
- (b) die Aufschlämmung auf eine Temperatur von 20 bis 100°C erhitzt;
- (c) ein organisches Kation in einer Menge bis zu der Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons vom Smektit-Typ zu der Tonaufschlämmung unter Rühren zugibt, um ein organophiles Ton-Reaktionsprodukt herzustellen;
- (d) insgesamt 5 bis 100 Milliäquivalente einer organischen Anionenmischung pro 100 g Ton, auf 100% aktiver Ton-Basis, unter Rühren zur Herstellung einer homogenen Mischung zugibt;
- (e) zusätzliche Anteile eines organischen Kations zu der homogenen Mischung in einer ausreichenden Menge zugibt, um der zugänglichen verbleibenden Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons vom Smektit-Typ und der kationischen Aktivität der organischen Anionen zu genügen, während die Reaktionsmischung gerührt wird, wobei der Gesamtanteil an organischem Kation mindestens (100+n) Milliäquivalente beträgt, wobei n der Anteil an primärem, in der Anionenmischung anwesendem Anion ist, ausgedrückt in Milliäquivalenten pro 100 g, auf 100% aktiver Ton-Basis;
- (f) die Reaktion eine ausreichende Zeit fortsetzt, um ein Reaktionsprodukt zu bilden, das organisches Kation-organisches Anion-Komplexe umfaßt, die mit dem Ton vom Smektit-Typ eine Einlagerung bilden, und wobei die Kationenaustauschstellen des Tons vom Smektit-Typ mit dem organischen Kation substituiert sind; und
- (g) das Reaktionsprodukt gewinnt.
- (a) eine Aufschlämmung eines Tons vom Smektit-Typ in Wasser mit 2 bis 7 Gewichts-% des Tons herstellt;
- (b) die Aufschlämmung auf eine Temperatur von 20 bis 100°C erhitzt;
- (c) insgesamt 5 bis 100 Milliäquivalente einer organischen Anionenmischung pro 100 g Ton, auf 100% aktiver Ton-Basis, unter Rühren zur Herstellung einer homogenen Mischung zusetzt;
- (d) Anteile eines organischen Kations zu der homogenen Mischung in ausreichender Menge zusetzt, um der zugänglichen Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons vom Smektit-Typ und der kationischen Aktivität des organischen Anions zu genügen, während die Reaktionsmischung gerührt wird, wobei der Anteil an organischem Kation mindestens (100+n) Milliäquivalente beträgt, wobei n die Menge einer primmären Anionenmischung ist, ausgedrückt in Milliäquivalenten pro 100 g Ton, auf 100% aktiver Ton-Basis;
- (e) die Reaktion eine ausreichende Zeit fortsetzt, um ein Reaktionsprodukt zu bilden, das organisches Kation-organisches Anion-Komplexe umfaßt, die mit dem Ton vom Smektit-Typ eine Einlagerung bilden, und wobei die Kationenaustauschstellen des Tons vom Smektit-Typ mit dem organischen Kation substituiert sind; und
- (f) das Reaktionsprodukt gewinnt.
Claims (3)
- a) eines Tons vom Smektit-Typ mit einer Kationenaustauschkapazität von zumindest 75 Milliäquivalenten je 100 g des Tons;
- b) eines primären Anions, abgeleitet von einer organischen Schwefelsäure, wie organische Sulfonsäuren und Alkylsulfate, mit einer linearen oder verzweigten Alkylgruppe mit mehr als 9 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder einem aromatischen Ring;
- c) eines sekundären Anions, abgeleitet von organischen Säuren mit einem pKS von weniger als etwa 11,0 und
- d) eines organischen Kations in einer Menge, die ausreicht, um zumindest der Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons und der kationischen Aktivität der primären und sekundären Anionen zu genügen; wobei die Kombination der primären und sekundären Anionen die Leichtigkeit der Dispersion des organophilen Tongelierungsmittels in einer organischen Flüssigkeit in einem Ausmaß erhöht, das größer ist als bei einer äquivalenten Menge entweder des primären oder des sekundären Anions allein.
- (a) eine Aufschlämmung des Tons vom Smektit-Typ in Wasser mit 1 bis 80 Gewichts-% des Tons herstellt;
- (b) die Aufschlämmung auf eine Temperatur zwischen 20°C und 100°C erhitzt;
- (c) insgesamt 5 bis 100 Milliäquivalente einer Mischung der organischen Anionen pro 100 g Ton, 100% aktive Ton-Basis, und das organische Kation in ausreichender Menge zugibt, um der Kationenaustauschkapazität des Tons vom Smektit-Typ und der kationischen Aktivität der organischen Anionen zu genügen, während man die Reaktionsmischung rührt, wobei der Anteil an organischem Kation mindestens (100+n) Milliäquivalente beträgt, wobei n der Anteil an primärem Anion ist, ausgedrückt in Milliäquivalenten pro 100 g Ton, 100% aktive Ton-Basis;
- (d) die Reaktion eine ausreichende Zeit fortsetzt, um ein Reaktionsprodukt zu bilden, das organisches Kation- organisches Anion-Komplexe umfaßt, die mit dem Ton vom Smektit-Typ eine Einlagerung bilden, und wobei die Kationaustauschstellen des Tons vom Smektit-Typ mit dem organischen Kation substituiert sind; und
- (e) das Reaktionssprodukt gewinnt.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/348,641 US4517112A (en) | 1982-02-18 | 1982-02-18 | Modified organophilic clay complexes, their preparation and non-aqueous systems containing them |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3208052A1 DE3208052A1 (de) | 1983-08-18 |
| DE3208052C2 true DE3208052C2 (de) | 1993-09-09 |
Family
ID=23368916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823208052 Granted DE3208052A1 (de) | 1982-02-18 | 1982-03-05 | Modifizierte organophile ton-komplexe |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4517112A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS58153534A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU551910B2 (de) |
| BE (1) | BE892779A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8202246A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1179571A (de) |
| CH (2) | CH655736A5 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3208052A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK90482A (de) |
| FI (1) | FI75101C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2521580B1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB2116157B (de) |
| GR (1) | GR76110B (de) |
| IE (1) | IE53365B1 (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1151109B (de) |
| LU (1) | LU84076A1 (de) |
| MX (2) | MX172269B (de) |
| NL (1) | NL187433C (de) |
| NO (1) | NO157334C (de) |
| SE (1) | SE455303B (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA821507B (de) |
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| US4412018A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1983-10-25 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Organophilic clay complexes, their preparation and compositions comprising said complexes |
-
1982
- 1982-02-18 US US06/348,641 patent/US4517112A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-03-02 IE IE468/82A patent/IE53365B1/en unknown
- 1982-03-02 DK DK90482A patent/DK90482A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-03-02 CA CA000397436A patent/CA1179571A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-02 GB GB08206010A patent/GB2116157B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-03 FI FI820750A patent/FI75101C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-03 NO NO820662A patent/NO157334C/no unknown
- 1982-03-04 AU AU81118/82A patent/AU551910B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-05 DE DE19823208052 patent/DE3208052A1/de active Granted
- 1982-03-05 SE SE8201380A patent/SE455303B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-08 ZA ZA821507A patent/ZA821507B/xx unknown
- 1982-03-10 GR GR67547A patent/GR76110B/el unknown
- 1982-03-11 CH CH3726/85A patent/CH655736A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-11 CH CH151582A patent/CH655511B/de unknown
- 1982-03-12 NL NLAANVRAGE8201038,A patent/NL187433C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-18 MX MX016163A patent/MX172269B/es unknown
- 1982-03-18 MX MX191874A patent/MX160755A/es unknown
- 1982-03-23 FR FR8204959A patent/FR2521580B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-03-24 IT IT20357/82A patent/IT1151109B/it active
- 1982-04-06 BE BE0/207771A patent/BE892779A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-07 LU LU84076A patent/LU84076A1/fr unknown
- 1982-04-19 BR BR8202246A patent/BR8202246A/pt unknown
-
1983
- 1983-02-18 JP JP58024961A patent/JPS58153534A/ja active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4418613A1 (de) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Sued Chemie Ag | Dichtmaterial gegen organische Flüssigkeiten |
| DE4418629A1 (de) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Sued Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dichtwänden |
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