DE3143421C2 - Laser-Skalpell - Google Patents

Laser-Skalpell

Info

Publication number
DE3143421C2
DE3143421C2 DE3143421A DE3143421A DE3143421C2 DE 3143421 C2 DE3143421 C2 DE 3143421C2 DE 3143421 A DE3143421 A DE 3143421A DE 3143421 A DE3143421 A DE 3143421A DE 3143421 C2 DE3143421 C2 DE 3143421C2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
laser
output power
scalpel
handpiece
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE3143421A
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English (en)
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DE3143421A1 (de
Inventor
Tomoyuki Kyoto Haga
Kyoshiro Imagawa
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
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Publication of DE3143421A1 publication Critical patent/DE3143421A1/de
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Publication of DE3143421C2 publication Critical patent/DE3143421C2/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00696Controlled or regulated parameters
    • A61B2018/00702Power or energy
    • A61B2018/00708Power or energy switching the power on or off

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Bei einem Laser-Skalpell (Fig.1) für chirurgische Zwecke kann mittels an einem bei chirurgischen Eingriffen in der Hand des Operateurs liegenden Handstück (4) angeordneter Drucktasten (DW, UP) die Energie eines aus dem Handstück (4) auf ein Operationsfeld abgegebenen Laserstrahls innerhalb die Sicherheit gewährleistender Grenzen verändert werden. Jede gewünschte Leistungsänderung kann risikofrei und einfach durch Fingerdruck vom Operateur selbst vorgenommen werden, der Operationsablauf wird dadurch nicht unterbrochen.

Description

— der Laser- Generator (1) einen Strahlenauslaß-Verschluß {ta) besitzt,daß
— der Strahlenauslaß-Verschluß (ta) von der Einstelleinrichtung (RS) aus, unabhängig von der Laser-Ausgangsleistung betätigbar ist, daß
— der Laser- Generator nur bei geschlossenem Strahleöäuslaß-Verschluß (ta) in Betrieb genommen werden kann, daß
— die Laser-Ausgangsleistung nur innerhalb eines eine voreingestellte Ausgangsleistung einschließenden Sicherheitsbereiches veränderbar ist, und daß
— die prozentuale Abweichung der Bereichsgrenzen von der voreingestellten Ausgangsleistung bei größerer Ausgangsleistung kleiner ist.
2. Laser-Skalpell nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Einstelleinrichtung je einen Schalter zum Betätigen des Strahlenauslaß-Verschlusses (RS), zum Anheben (UP) und zum Absenken (DW) der Ausgangsleistung besitzt.
3. Laser-Skalpell nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Laser-Generator (1) bei gleichzeitiger Betätigung der Schalter zum Anheben (UP) und zum Absenken (DW) die voreingestellte Ausgangsleistung abgibt.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Laser-Skalpell mit einem Laser-Generator, der mittels einer, an einem in der Hand des Operateurs zu haltenden und zur Abgabe eines Laserstrahls auf ein Operationsfeld eingerichteten Operations- und Bedienungsteil angebrachten, manuell bedienbaren Eintstelleinrichtung bezüglich seiner Ausgangsleistung kontinuierlich veränderbar ist.
Bei der Verwendung eines Laser-Skalpells bei einem chirurgischen Eingriff wird die Stärke oder Abgabeleistung des Laserstrahls je nach Art des Eingriffes, der Tiefe des Operationsfeldes und dergleichen ausgewählt. Zu diesem Zweck wird üblicherweise vor dem Beginn einer Operation an einem Steuergerät die gewünschte Ausgangsleistung eines Laser-Oszillators bzw. Laser-Generators eingestellt.
Häufig ergibt sich während einer Operation die Notwendigkeit, die eingestellte Ausgangsleistung zu ändern. Bei einem aus der DE-OS 21 45 921 bekannten Laser-Skalpell ist zu diesem Zweck eine Stellvorrichtung zur Intensitätssteuerung vorgesehen, die durch einen verschiebbaren Knopf beeinflußbar ist, der sich am Griffende des Operations- und Bedienungsteils befindet. Die Laserstrahl-Ausgangsleistung ist allerdings ein äußerst kritischer Wert, der oft bis auf wenige Prozent oder sogar Zehntel-Prozent eingehalten werden muß, so daß die bei dem bekannten Skalpell vorhandene Möglichkeit der Fehleinstellung unter Umständen zu schwerwiegenden Folgen führen kann. Darüberhinaus können sich unerwünschte Folgen dadurch ergeben, daß mit dem Einschalten des Laser-Generators sofort ein Laserstrahl abgegeben wird, ohne da-3 der Operationsund Bedienungsteil schon unter einem geeigneten Abstand auf die Operationsstelle gerichtet ist, ein. Umstand, der auch dann zu Handhabungsschwierigkeites. führt, wenn mit einer Intensitätssteuerung wie bei dem bekannten Laser-Skalpell die Anfangsintensität praktisch auf Null eingestellt ist Diese Null-Einstellung erfolgt im Rahmen der kontinuierlichen Veränderung der Laserstrahl-Ausgangsleistung. Eine davon unabhängige und jederzeit vornehmbare Strahlunterbrechung ist bei dem Laser-Skalpell nach der DE-OS 21 45 921 nicht vorgesehen.
Bei einem anderen aus der DE-OS 28 29 516 bekannten Laser-Skalpell werden durch die Handhabung bedingte Dosierungsfehler dadurch vermieden, daß Änderungen der thermischen Rückstrahlung an der laserbestrahlten Operationsstelle oder Änderungen des dort rückgestellten Laserlichts gemessen, registriert und ausgewertet werden, um bei Überschreitung festgelegter Grenzwerte eine Ausschalteelektronik für den Arbeitslaser anzusteuern. Es fehlt hier dann allerdings die, wie erwähnt erwünschte Vlöglichkeit der Veränderung der Ausgangsleistung während der Operation durch den Operateur. Außerdem ist hier ebenfalls nicht vermieden, daß die Laserstrahlung sofort beim Einschalten des Laser-Generators, unter Umständen in unbeabsichtiger Intensität und Zielrichtung abgegeben wird, wenn das Laser-Skalpell versehentlich unter einem Abstand zu einem Objekt liegt der kleiner als ein Grenzabstand ist, bei dem das Laser-Skalpell automatisch eingeschaltet wird.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Laser-Skalpell mit kontinuierlich veränderbarer Ausgangsleistung der eingangs genannten Art v» weiterzubilden, daß aufgrund von Fehlbedienungen beim Einschalten des Laser-Generators und Verändern seiner Ausgangsleitung keine Gefährdung von Patient bzv/. Bedienungspersonal auftritt.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Laser-Skalpell der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale im Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.
Nachstehend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung und vorteilhafte Einzelheiten unter Bezug auf eine Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt
F i g. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Laser-Skalpells,
F i g. 2 ein schematisches Schaltbild zu der Ausführung von Fig. 1, und
Fig.3 die schematische Darstellung eines abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
Hauptbaugruppen des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Laser-Skalpells sind ein Laser-Generator 1, dessen Lascrstrahl-Auslaß mit einem Verschluß la versehen ist, ein Steuergerät 2, durch das die Ausgangs- bzw. Abgabeleistung des Laser-Generators 1 veränderbar ist und der Verschluß la offen oder geschlossen gehalten wird, ein Operations- und Bedienungsteil 4, das nachstehend kurz »Handstück 4« genannt wird, und eine das Handstück 4 mit dem Laser-Generator 1 verbindende Lichtleitfaser 3. Das bei einem chirurgischen Eingriff in der Hand des Operateurs liegende Handstück 4 bildet das Skalpell-
Führungsteil, überträgt den aus der Lichtleitfaser 3 kommenden Laserstrahl auf die Operationsstelle und enthält in seinem Gehäuse eine Unterbrechertaste RS mit Schalter, eine Taste DW mit Schalter zur Strahlleistungsverringerung und eine Taste UP mit Schalter zur Strahlleistungserhöhung. Alle drei Schalter sind über das Steuergerät 2 elektrisch mit dem Laser-Generator 1 verbunden. Durch die Schalterzustände EIN oder AUS der Unterbrecbertaste ÄS wird der Verschluß la offen- bzw. geschlossengehalten. Bei offenem Verschluß ia wird ein Laserstrahl mit einer Generator 1 voreingestellten Ausgangsleistung durch das Handstück 4 abgestrahlt Aus Gründen der Operationssicherheit ist der Laser-Generator 1 so konstruiert, daß er nur bei im AUS-Zustand befindlichem Unterbrecherschalter RS eingeschaltet werden kann.
Es ist ein Merkmal der Erfindung, daß der Änderungsbereich, in dem die eingestellte Ausgangsleistung des Laser-Generators 1 über die Taste t/P erhöht und durch die Taste D^reduziert werden kann, nach Vorwahl fest z. B. +10% und — 10% begrenzt ist Durch diese Begrenzung bleibt die Operationssicherheit auch bei Bedienungsfehlern gewahrt Allgemein wird der Detrag des Änderungsbereichs (Sicherheitsbereichs) von der Größe der voreingestellten Ausgangsleistung abhängig sein. Da ein Änderungsbetrag um wenige Prozent bei relativ großer voreingestellter Ausgangsleistung schon in die -zig Watt gehen würde, muß in diesem Fall der Änderungsbereich noch schmaler gewählt werden. Andererseits kann bei sehr kleiner voreingestellter Ausgangsleistung der Änderungsbereich ohne Bedenken auf z. B. 50% oder sogar 100% ausgedehnt werden. Der gewünschte Leistungs-Änderungsbereich wird auf der Frontseite des Steuergerätes 2 an einer z. B. in % und/ oder in Watt unterteilten Feineinstellskala 2a eingestellt.
Die drei Tasten RS, UP und D Wsind mit der in F i g. 2 schematisch dargestellten Steuerschaltung verbunden, die jeweils dur~h ein hochliegendes Signal auf Signalleitungen a, b, c bzw. d einen entsprechenden Befehl »Ver-Schluß auf«, »mehr Leistung«, »weniger Leistung« bzw. »voreingesteüte Leistung« an das Steuergerät 2 abgibt, um den Laser-Generator 1 durch das betreffende Signal entsprechend zu steuern. Ferner enthält die Steuerschaltung in F i g. 2 einen Schalter SW zum Ein- oder Ausschalten des Laser-Generators 1, Inverter Ii ... I5, UND-Glieder Ai ... A5, ein ODER-Glied OR und ein Excl. ODER-Glied EX. Das ODER-Glied OR gibt abhängig davon, ob an seiner1 beiden Eingängen Signale mit hochliegenden oder unterschiedlich hohen Pegeln anliegen, ein Ausgangssigna! für niedrige bzw. höhere Laser-Ausgangsleistung ab.
Der Laser-Generator 1 kann nur aktiviert werden, wenn der Schalter SW bei Schalter RS »AUS« eingeschaltet wird, arbeitet aber bei späteren Umschaltungen des Schalters RS weiter. Mit Einschaltung von RS bei oszillierendem und arbeitendem Generator 1 wird durch entsprechende Signale auf den Signalleitungen a und d der Verschluß la offengehalten und ein Laserstrahl mit der vöreingestellten Leistung aus dem Handstück 4 des Laser-Skalpells abgegeben. Ein Druck auf die Taste UP hat ein hochliegendes Signal auf Leitung b und eine Signalabsenkung auf Signalleitung dzur Folge, so daß die Laserstrahl-Ausgangsleistung am Handstück 4 wie gewünscht erhöht wird. Dagegen bewirkt ein Fingerdruck auf Taste DW ύκ rch Signalpegelanhebung auf Leitung c und -absenkung auf Leitung d die Abgabe eines gemäß der Einstellung an der Skala 2a in der Leistung reduzierten Laserstrahls aus dem Handstück 4. Falls versehentlich beide Tasten UP und DW gedrückt werden, dann liegen die Signalpegel auf Leitung b und c niedrig, auf Leitung d hoch, und folglich erfolgt die Laserstrahlabgabe aus dem Handstück 4 mit der vorgestellten Ausgangsleistung.
Der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Laser-Skalpell arbeitende Chirurg kann jederzeit während der Operation und ohne fremde Hilfe an dem in seiner Hand liegenden Handstück 4 durch einfache Betätigung der Tasten DW und UP die Laserstrahl-Ausgangsleistung verändern. Operationen können ununterbrochen und in kürzerer Zeit durchgeführt werden. Der Operateur kann zwar die Laserstrahl-Ausgangsleistung nach seinem Willen ändern, aber nur im Rahmen der vorher festgelegten Änderungsgrenzen. Deshalb wird auch bei einer Verwechselung der Tasten wie UP statt DW die Operationssicherheit immer gewahrt und keine Gefahr für den Patienten entstehen.
Das in F i g. 3 dargestellte Ausführu -^sbeispiel unterscheidet sich von dem zuvor erläuterten 'ladurch, daß die Unterbrechertaste RS fehlt und der zugehörige Unterbrecherschalter RS in einen durch den operierenden Arzt während der Operation betätigbaren Fußschalter 5 verlegt ist
Falls eine feiner dosierbare Leistungsänderung innerhalb der vorher festgelegten Grenzen erwünscht ist beispielsweise in drei Stufen, dann kann die Steuerschaltung z. B. in Verbindung mit einer separaten Überwachungs-Leuchtanzeige o. dgl. so ausgelegt sein, daß sie auf mehrmalige Betätigung der Taste D Wbzw. UP entsprechend abgestuft reagiert.
Das im Sinne der Erfindung ausgebildete Laser-Skalpell ist besonders leicht und problemlos zu bedienen, weil der damit arbeitende Chirurg über das in seiner Hand befindliche Handstück jederzeit selbst die Laser-Ausgangsleistung der Situation anpassen kann. Durch die fest vorgegebenen Grenzen, zwischen denen eine Leistungsänderung durch Tasten- bzw. Schalterbetätigung nur möglich ist, wird jede Gefahr aufgrund von Schalter-Bedienungsfehlern ausgeschlossen, die Operationssicherheit bleibt immer gewährleistet
Da die gewünschte Änderung der Laserstrahl-Ausgangsleistung nicht mit Strom- oder Gerätabschaltungen verbunden ist und statt dessen durch Tastendruck jederzeit nach Wunsch vorgenommen werden kann, sind Operationen jetzt nicht nur sicherer sondern auch schneller und problemloser ausführbar.
Hierzu ': Blatt Zeichnungen

Claims (1)

Patentansprüche:
1. Laser-Skaipell mit einem Laser-Generator (1), der mittels einer, an einem in der Hand des Operateur zu haltenden und zur Abgabe eines Laserstrahls auf ein Operationsfeld eingerichteten Operationsund Bedienungsteil (4) angebrachten, manuell bedienbaren Einstelleinrichtung (UP, DW) bezüglich seiner Ausgangsleistung kontinuierlich veränderbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
DE3143421A 1980-11-04 1981-11-02 Laser-Skalpell Expired DE3143421C2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55153736A JPS5778844A (en) 1980-11-04 1980-11-04 Lasre knife

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3143421A1 DE3143421A1 (de) 1982-05-27
DE3143421C2 true DE3143421C2 (de) 1985-05-02

Family

ID=15568969

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE3143421A Expired DE3143421C2 (de) 1980-11-04 1981-11-02 Laser-Skalpell

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US (1) US4470414A (de)
JP (1) JPS5778844A (de)
DE (1) DE3143421C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2494986B1 (de)
IL (1) IL64087A (de)

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DE4341967A1 (de) * 1993-12-09 1995-06-14 Dornier Medizintechnik Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Lasers
DE19959698A1 (de) * 1999-12-08 2001-06-28 Aesculap Meditec Gmbh Handstück zur kosmetischen oder medizinischen Behandlung
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US7651492B2 (en) 2006-04-24 2010-01-26 Covidien Ag Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit
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US4470414A (en) 1984-09-11
JPS5778844A (en) 1982-05-17
DE3143421A1 (de) 1982-05-27
IL64087A (en) 1984-10-31
FR2494986B1 (fr) 1985-08-09
IL64087A0 (en) 1982-01-31
FR2494986A1 (fr) 1982-06-04

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