DE3004973C2 - Injektions-Entschwefelungsmittel - Google Patents
Injektions-EntschwefelungsmittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE3004973C2 DE3004973C2 DE3004973A DE3004973A DE3004973C2 DE 3004973 C2 DE3004973 C2 DE 3004973C2 DE 3004973 A DE3004973 A DE 3004973A DE 3004973 A DE3004973 A DE 3004973A DE 3004973 C2 DE3004973 C2 DE 3004973C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lime
- desulfurization
- agent
- rate
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 32
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 alkaline earth metal carbonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001618 alkaline earth metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 46
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
- C21C1/025—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
- C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1650979A JPS55110712A (en) | 1979-02-15 | 1979-02-15 | Desulfurizing agent for blowing-in |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3004973A1 DE3004973A1 (de) | 1980-08-21 |
| DE3004973C2 true DE3004973C2 (de) | 1987-10-01 |
Family
ID=11918231
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3004973A Expired DE3004973C2 (de) | 1979-02-15 | 1980-02-11 | Injektions-Entschwefelungsmittel |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4263043A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS55110712A (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU514537B2 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR8000934A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1137759A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE3004973C2 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2449128A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB2048308B (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT1140591B (OSRAM) |
| SE (1) | SE8001147L (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0166019A1 (de) * | 1984-06-28 | 1986-01-02 | Thyssen Stahl Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Entschwefelung von Roheisen |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56158827A (en) * | 1980-05-10 | 1981-12-07 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Ltd | Powdered composition for desulfurizing agent |
| JPS5770219A (en) * | 1980-10-21 | 1982-04-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method for dephosphorizing, desulfurizing and denitrifying iron alloy |
| JPS57170823A (en) * | 1981-04-09 | 1982-10-21 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Ltd | Fluidized roasting method and apparatus |
| US4572737A (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-02-25 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Agents for the removal of impurities from a molten metal and a process for producing same |
| KR880001380B1 (ko) * | 1984-12-26 | 1988-07-29 | 포항종합제철 주식회사 | 취입용 탈황제 |
| IT1184686B (it) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-10-28 | Pasquale Tommaso De | Miscela desolforante per il trattamento della ghisa |
| DE3535280A1 (de) * | 1985-10-03 | 1987-04-09 | Hoechst Ag | Entschwefelungsgemisch fuer metallschmelzen, ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung |
| JP2578276B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-28 | 1997-02-05 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | クライミング式タワークレーンの電源ケーブル布設装置 |
| US20050056120A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-17 | Flores-Morales Jose Ignacio | Desulphurization of ferrous materials using sodium silicate |
| US20050066772A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-31 | Flores-Morales Jose Ignacio | Desulphurization of ferrous materials using glass cullet |
| US20090013827A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2009-01-15 | Wolfe Larry D | Conditioned Quicklime for Injection to a Molten Bath of a Steel-Making Vessel |
| BRPI1011388A2 (pt) * | 2009-04-17 | 2016-03-15 | Nippon Steel Corp | método de transporte de pó |
| EP3042965A1 (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-13 | S.A. Lhoist Recherche Et Developpement | Process for dephosphorization of molten metal during a refining process |
| JP6737161B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-08-05 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 気流搬送方法及び製鋼の精錬方法 |
| JP2022550951A (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-12-06 | ジャミポル・リミテッド | Ｋｒ（ｋａｎｂａｒａ ｒｅａｃｔｏｒ）法における溶銑脱硫 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB787098A (en) * | 1954-09-30 | 1957-12-04 | Rheinische Kalksteinwerke | An improved method for the introduction of fine substances into baths of molten steel |
| FR1166389A (fr) * | 1956-02-23 | 1958-11-05 | Procédé de désulfuration de la fonte et de l'acier et produits conformes à ceux obtenus par ledit procédé | |
| FR1194778A (fr) * | 1957-04-22 | 1959-11-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Carbure de calcium traité à l'huile pour la désulfuration du fer |
| DE1583268B1 (de) * | 1967-12-29 | 1971-08-05 | Konink Nl Hoogovens En Staalfa | Mittel zur Entschwefelung von fluessigem Eisen auf der Basis von technischem Kalkstickstoff und Verfahren zur Entschwefelung von Eisen |
| DE1758250B1 (de) * | 1968-04-29 | 1971-10-28 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Mittel zum Entschwefeln von Eisenschmelzen |
| NL7102540A (OSRAM) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-08-29 | Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal | |
| LU65436A1 (OSRAM) * | 1971-06-07 | 1972-08-24 | ||
| LU63607A1 (OSRAM) * | 1971-07-26 | 1973-02-05 | ||
| DE2252795C3 (de) * | 1972-10-27 | 1982-09-09 | Skw Trostberg Ag, 8223 Trostberg | Entschwefelungsmittel für Roheisen- und Ferrolegierungsschmelzen |
| DE2301987A1 (de) * | 1973-01-16 | 1974-07-25 | Polysius Ag | Verfahren zum entschwefeln von fluessigem roheisen |
| DE2326539C3 (de) * | 1973-05-24 | 1975-11-13 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff-Werke Ag, 8223 Trostberg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Entschwefelungsgemisches für Eisenschmelzen aus Calciumcarbid und mindestens einem wasserhaltigen Stoff |
| DE2337957A1 (de) * | 1973-07-26 | 1975-02-06 | Polysius Ag | Verfahren zum entschwefeln von fluessigem roheisen |
| US4014685A (en) * | 1973-11-27 | 1977-03-29 | Foseco International Limited | Manufacture of steel |
| CH573276A5 (OSRAM) * | 1974-01-29 | 1976-03-15 | Concast Ag | |
| JPS5412083B2 (OSRAM) * | 1974-02-23 | 1979-05-19 | ||
| US3998625A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1976-12-21 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation | Desulfurization method |
| BE852929A (fr) * | 1977-03-25 | 1977-07-18 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede de desulfuration de la fonte |
-
1979
- 1979-02-15 JP JP1650979A patent/JPS55110712A/ja active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-02-05 AU AU55226/80A patent/AU514537B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-06 US US06/119,124 patent/US4263043A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-02-07 CA CA000345218A patent/CA1137759A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-07 GB GB8004118A patent/GB2048308B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-11 DE DE3004973A patent/DE3004973C2/de not_active Expired
- 1980-02-14 BR BR8000934A patent/BR8000934A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-14 FR FR8003293A patent/FR2449128A1/fr active Granted
- 1980-02-14 IT IT19906/80A patent/IT1140591B/it active
- 1980-02-14 SE SE8001147A patent/SE8001147L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0166019A1 (de) * | 1984-06-28 | 1986-01-02 | Thyssen Stahl Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Entschwefelung von Roheisen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55110712A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
| US4263043A (en) | 1981-04-21 |
| FR2449128B1 (OSRAM) | 1984-03-16 |
| SE8001147L (sv) | 1980-08-16 |
| FR2449128A1 (fr) | 1980-09-12 |
| GB2048308B (en) | 1983-05-25 |
| JPS5715167B2 (OSRAM) | 1982-03-29 |
| AU514537B2 (en) | 1981-02-12 |
| IT8019906A0 (it) | 1980-02-14 |
| DE3004973A1 (de) | 1980-08-21 |
| AU5522680A (en) | 1980-09-25 |
| GB2048308A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| IT1140591B (it) | 1986-10-01 |
| CA1137759A (en) | 1982-12-21 |
| BR8000934A (pt) | 1980-10-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OAP | Request for examination filed | ||
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
| 8366 | Restricted maintained after opposition proceedings | ||
| 8305 | Restricted maintenance of patent after opposition | ||
| D4 | Patent maintained restricted |