DE2754522C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE2754522C2 DE2754522C2 DE2754522A DE2754522A DE2754522C2 DE 2754522 C2 DE2754522 C2 DE 2754522C2 DE 2754522 A DE2754522 A DE 2754522A DE 2754522 A DE2754522 A DE 2754522A DE 2754522 C2 DE2754522 C2 DE 2754522C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- mixed electrolyte
- electrolyte material
- oxygen
- stabilized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010987 cubic zirconia Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002079 cubic stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007572 expansion measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/411—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing of liquid metals
- G01N27/4112—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
- C04B35/119—Composites with zirconium oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
- 1. In Form eines ein geschlossenes Ende aufweisenden, voll ständig aus dem festen Elektrolytmaterial hergestellten Rohrs (manchmal zur Ermöglichung eines Zugangs zum Prüf bereich und/oder aus Kostengründen durch Anbringung eines offenendigen Rohrs aus einem anderen Werkstoff verlängert);
- 2. in Form eines festen Elektrolytüberzugs um das Ende eines feuerfesten Rohrs herum, das durch ein Pellet und ein Bezugsmaterial, z. B. Nickel/Nickeloxid, verschlossen ist;
- 3. in Form eines Pellets bzw. eines Einsatzes des festen Elektrolyten, das bzw. der (a) mechanisch in einem ver schmolzenen Quarzrohr oder einem Rohr aus einem anderen nichtleitenden keramischen Material gehaltert, (b) in ein Metallrohr eingelötet oder eingeklebt oder (c) mit Hilfe eines Klebmittels angebracht oder durch Verschmelzen in oder an einem nichtleitenden Keramik rohr verschlossen ist.
- 1. Pellets aus dem gesinterten Mischelektrolytmaterial lassen sich leichter und wirksamer in für die Herstellung von Sauerstoffmeßfühlern verwendete Rohre aus Aluminiumoxid, tonerdehaltigem Porzellan oder Mullit eindichten, ein schmelzen oder einschweißen. Die Erfolgsrate beim Eindich ten in Aluminiumoxidrohr liegt bei über 80%, im Vergleich zu nur 50% im Fall der bisherigen Sonden ähnlichen Aufbaus.
- 2. Die auf die beschriebene Weise hergestellten "Pellet-in-Rohr"- Meßfühler besitzen einen größeren mechanischen Zusammen halt als die bisherigen Sonden ähnlicher Bauart, so daß sie auch eine höhere Dichtigkeitsrate und eine größere Be ständigkeit gegenüber thermischen und/oder mechanischen Schocks besitzen. Diese Faktoren erlauben einen Betrieb ohne Bezugsluftzufuhr und gewährleisten lange Be triebslebenszeiten der Meßfühler und die Verwendung von in-situ-Sauerstoffsonden unter Einsatzbedingungen, denen die bisher verwendeten Sonden dieser Art nicht gewachsen sind.
- 3. Das feste Mischelektrolytmaterial kann für jede neu ent wickelte Meßfühlerkonstruktion verwendet werden, bei wel cher der Meßfühler "grün" bzw. ungebrannt geformt und anschließend gebrannt wird, so daß mit erheblich verringer ten Fertigungskosten ein Meßfühler mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften geboten werden kann.
- 1. Der elektrische Widerstand jeder Probe wurde mittels einer einfachen Zweiklemmenanordnung in der Luft in einem Labora torium-Muffelofen in einem Temperaturbereich von 500-900°C ermittelt.
- 2. Die Stäbe wurden auf einen Durchmesser von 5 mm abge dreht, worauf die Dichten durch Quecksilberverdrängung und Massenberechnung ermittelt wurden.
- 3. Jeder Stab wurde zur Berechnung des Bruchmoduls in einer Vierpunkt-Biegevorrichtung gebrochen.
- 4. Eine kleine Scheibe vom Ende jedes Stabs wurde auf einen Träger montiert und poliert, um einer optischen Mikroskopie rung und einer Röntgenstrahlen-Diffraktion unterzogen zu werden.
- 5. Das thermische Ausdehnungsverhalten eines 25,4 mm langen Stücks jedes Stabs wurde in einem Dehnungsmesser ermittelt, der gegen glasartiges Siliziumoxid auf 1000°C geeicht bzw. abgeglichen war und der vorher zur Bestimmung des Ausdehnungsverhaltens vom Aluminiumoxid-Rohrmaterial be nutzt worden war.
- (a) In einem mit reduzierender Atmosphäre arbeitenden Metall sinterofen, bei welchem die Ofengase Zinkdämpfe von einem Zinkstearat-Preßhilfsmittel in den Metallpulvern enthalten;
- (b) in einem großen, kohlebefeuerten Drehherdofen, in welchem Ilmenit- bzw. Titaneisenkonzentrate zu Rutilit und metal lischem Eisen reduziert werden;
- (c) in einer Stahl-Ausgleichgrube;
- (d) in einem Reverberierofen zum Schmelzen von Kupferkonzentra ten, bei dem eine Sonde als Hilfsmittel zur Regelung der Festbrennstoffzugaben verwendet wurde; und
- (e) in anderen gasbefeuerten Öfen und Herden, in denen je weils eine Sonde für die on-line bzw. Parallelüberwachung und -regelung der Stöchiometrie der Verbrennung verwendet wurde.
- (a) "Zytritt", d. h. ein mit Alkoxyderivat stabilisiertes Zirkonoxidpulver mit 6,9 Mol-% Y₂O₃ (Pulver "A");
- (b) ein mit Ytteroxid stabilisiertes Zirkonoxidpulver mit 6 Mol-% Y₂O₃ (Pulver "B"); und
- (c) ein Gemisch aus unstabilisiertem Zirkonoxidpulver und Ytteroxidpulver, wobei die Mengenanteile an Zirkonoxid und Ytteroxid so gewählt wurden, daß ein stabilisiertes Zirkonoxid mit 7 Mol-% Y₂O₃ erhalten wurde (Pulver "C").
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPC839576 | 1976-12-07 | ||
AUPD130277 | 1977-08-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2754522A1 DE2754522A1 (de) | 1978-06-08 |
DE2754522C2 true DE2754522C2 (de) | 1988-04-14 |
Family
ID=25642148
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19772754522 Granted DE2754522A1 (de) | 1976-12-07 | 1977-12-07 | Festes mischelektrolytmaterial sowie sauerstoff-messfuehler daraus und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE2760440A Expired - Lifetime DE2760440C2 (de) | 1976-12-07 | 1977-12-07 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2760440A Expired - Lifetime DE2760440C2 (de) | 1976-12-07 | 1977-12-07 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4193857A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS6041736B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1112438A (de) |
DE (2) | DE2754522A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1575766A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015204723A1 (de) | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement für einen Sensor zur Erfassung mindestens einer Eigenschaft eines Messgases in einem Messgasraum |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2810134A1 (de) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-09-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Zirkonoxid-keramik mit feinkoernigem und thermisch stabilem gefuege sowie mit hoher thermoschockbestaendigkeit, daraus hergestellte formkoerper, verfahren zur herstellung der formkoerper und ihre verwendung |
DE2858801C2 (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1991-08-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Zirconia ceramic for use as solid electrolyte |
CA1139370A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1983-01-11 | Michael J. Bannister | Oxygen sensors |
DE2908368C2 (de) * | 1979-03-03 | 1985-05-09 | Schott Glaswerke, 6500 Mainz | Meßsonde zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoff-Partialdruckes in heißen Medien |
JPS5613745U (de) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-02-05 | ||
US4368166A (en) * | 1979-10-17 | 1983-01-11 | Champion Spark Plug Company | Method for the production of a ceramic insulator |
JPS5689048A (en) * | 1979-12-21 | 1981-07-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Exhaust gas sensor |
US4402897A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1983-09-06 | General Motors Corporation | Molding and machining of one piece electrical socket connector |
DE3022213C2 (de) * | 1980-06-13 | 1987-12-23 | Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Keramischer Formkörper mit eutektischen Gefügebestandteilen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE3128738A1 (de) * | 1981-07-21 | 1983-02-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | "elektrochemische messzelle" |
US4455180A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1984-06-19 | Corning Glass Works | Method of fabricating a sintered and selectively plugged honeycomb structure |
JPS58185478A (ja) * | 1982-04-26 | 1983-10-29 | 東芝セラミツクス株式会社 | 透光性アルミナ磁器の製造方法 |
US4414337A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1983-11-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Shaped ceramics |
JPS58217464A (ja) * | 1982-06-08 | 1983-12-17 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 酸化ジルコニウム磁器 |
AU574349B2 (en) * | 1983-02-02 | 1988-07-07 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Oxygen sensor and method for its production |
EP0166445B1 (de) * | 1984-06-27 | 1989-09-06 | NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Verstärkter, gesinterter Zirkondioxidträger, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und plattenförmiges Element als Träger aus Zirkondioxid mit Elektrolytfunktion |
US4588493A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-05-13 | Blumenthal Robert N | Hot gas measuring probe |
DE3615960A1 (de) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-27 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Fuehler zur ermittlung eines luft-kraftstoff-verhaeltnisses |
ES2017658B3 (es) * | 1986-04-17 | 1991-03-01 | Pierre Beuret | Sonda para medir las presiones parciales de oxigeno en una atmosfera de gas con respecto a una atmosfera referencial |
US4925609A (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1990-05-15 | Stemcor Corporation | Oxygen-sensing element |
US4814061A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-03-21 | Blumenthal Robert N | Hot gas measuring probe |
WO1989009398A1 (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1989-10-05 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or | Oxygen probe assembly |
US5352344A (en) * | 1988-10-06 | 1994-10-04 | Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Method and apparatus for measuring the oxygen potential of a heat-treatment furnance |
US4912989A (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1990-04-03 | Electro-Nite International | Shock absorbing immersion probe |
US4944861A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-07-31 | Barber-Colman Company | Oxygen sensing probe having improved sensor tip and tip-supporting tube |
DE3920851A1 (de) * | 1989-06-24 | 1991-01-10 | Asea Brown Boveri | Sintervorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
US5112456A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1992-05-12 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Electrochemical sensors and methods for their use |
US5596134A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1997-01-21 | Defense Research Technologies, Inc. | Continuous oxygen content monitor |
US5635044A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-06-03 | Lotze; Thomas H. | Electrode for zirconia oxygen sensors |
US5851369A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-12-22 | Marathon Monitors, Inc. | Electrolytic sensor providing controlled burn-off of deposits on the electrodes |
US5868918A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1999-02-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for separating oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas |
US6012303A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 2000-01-11 | Saphikon, Inc. | Eutectic bonding of single crystal components |
US6676817B2 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2004-01-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Solid electrolyte containing insulating ceramic grains for gas sensor |
ES2154239B1 (es) * | 1999-08-10 | 2001-10-01 | Union Fenosa Generacion S A | Sonda de oxigeno. |
US6387338B1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2002-05-14 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of multi-component Ce, Zr, Mox high oxygen-ion-conduct/oxygen-storage-capacity materials |
US6562747B2 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2003-05-13 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor electrolyte |
US6752002B2 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2004-06-22 | Marathon Sensors, Inc. | Sensor |
JP3931783B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-12 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社デンソー | ガスセンサ素子 |
US6843900B2 (en) * | 2002-01-03 | 2005-01-18 | The Ohio State University | Potentiometric NOx sensors based on yttria-stabilized zirconia with zeolite modified electrode |
GB0223273D0 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2002-11-13 | Sensox Ltd | Sensors |
JP2004191331A (ja) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-08 | Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd | SOx測定用ガスセンサ |
US20050139468A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-06-30 | Rao Rekapalli K. | System for calibration of gas sensors |
CN103217469A (zh) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-07-24 | 武汉天榜氧传感器有限公司 | 一种管式汽车氧传感器结构及其制作方法 |
JP6183287B2 (ja) | 2014-04-28 | 2017-08-23 | 株式会社デンソー | 樹脂製中空体の製造方法および流量測定装置 |
CN105067674B (zh) * | 2015-08-12 | 2017-08-22 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | 一种用于高压水热体系的甲烷传感器及其制备方法 |
WO2020028956A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | Ceramic Oxide Fabricators Pty Ltd | Furnace oxygen probe |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD48083B (de) * | ||||
LU58018A1 (de) * | 1969-02-18 | 1970-09-09 | ||
GB1242811A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1971-08-11 | Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd | Apparatus for determination of oxygen in molten metals and method of making same |
CA952983A (en) | 1971-04-14 | 1974-08-13 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Ceramic oxygen probe |
DE2206216C3 (de) | 1972-02-10 | 1978-12-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Meßfühler für die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes in Abgasen, vorwiegend von Verbrennungsmotoren, sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Meßfühler |
BE795297A (fr) * | 1972-02-10 | 1973-05-29 | Rheinisches Metallwerk Gmbh | Assemblage de pieces de construction et/ou de canalisation tubulaires, isolees electriquement l'une de l'autre |
DE2311165C2 (de) * | 1973-03-07 | 1983-02-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Elektrochemischer Meßfühler für die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes in Abgasen, vorwiegend von Verbrennungsmotoren |
US3843400A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1974-10-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Solid electrolyte cell |
US4067792A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1978-01-10 | Novella Vladimirovna Semkina | Solid metal oxide electrolyte and method of making |
US3980543A (en) * | 1974-12-04 | 1976-09-14 | Leeds & Northrup Company | Electrochemical cell structure |
-
1977
- 1977-12-06 CA CA292,490A patent/CA1112438A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 DE DE19772754522 patent/DE2754522A1/de active Granted
- 1977-12-07 GB GB51013/77A patent/GB1575766A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 DE DE2760440A patent/DE2760440C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-12-07 US US05/858,328 patent/US4193857A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-12-07 JP JP52146208A patent/JPS6041736B2/ja not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015204723A1 (de) | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement für einen Sensor zur Erfassung mindestens einer Eigenschaft eines Messgases in einem Messgasraum |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1575766A (en) | 1980-09-24 |
JPS5392193A (en) | 1978-08-12 |
DE2760440C2 (de) | 1990-03-01 |
DE2754522A1 (de) | 1978-06-08 |
CA1112438A (en) | 1981-11-17 |
US4193857A (en) | 1980-03-18 |
JPS6041736B2 (ja) | 1985-09-18 |
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