DE2048861C3 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE2048861C3 DE2048861C3 DE2048861A DE2048861A DE2048861C3 DE 2048861 C3 DE2048861 C3 DE 2048861C3 DE 2048861 A DE2048861 A DE 2048861A DE 2048861 A DE2048861 A DE 2048861A DE 2048861 C3 DE2048861 C3 DE 2048861C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sorbitol
- reaction
- cyclohexane
- benzaldehyde
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 benzal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HZVFRKSYUGFFEJ-YVECIDJPSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-7-phenylhept-6-ene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HZVFRKSYUGFFEJ-YVECIDJPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JYVHOGDBFNJNMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCCCCC JYVHOGDBFNJNMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- QEOSCXACXNFJCY-AKHDSKFASA-N (2R,3R,4S,5R)-6-benzyl-7-phenylheptane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QEOSCXACXNFJCY-AKHDSKFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/18—Radicals substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D317/20—Free hydroxyl or mercaptan
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D319/04—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes
- C07D319/06—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes not condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D493/14—Ortho-condensed systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Compounds That Contain Two Or More Ring Oxygen Atoms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP44080076A JPS4843748B1 (OSRAM) | 1969-10-06 | 1969-10-06 | |
| US7820770A | 1970-10-05 | 1970-10-05 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2048861A1 DE2048861A1 (de) | 1971-04-22 |
| DE2048861B2 DE2048861B2 (OSRAM) | 1974-06-06 |
| DE2048861C3 true DE2048861C3 (OSRAM) | 1975-02-06 |
Family
ID=26421121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702048861 Granted DE2048861A1 (de) | 1969-10-06 | 1970-10-05 | Herstellungsverfahren von Benzvhden sorbit |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3721682A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS4843748B1 (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2048861A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2065001A5 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1291819A (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (52)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5181769U (OSRAM) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-06-30 | ||
| DE2548911C3 (de) * | 1975-10-31 | 1981-06-11 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verwendung von cyclischen Acetalen der Polyole bei der Herstellung von gegen Ozonangriff geschützten Kautschuken |
| JPS535165A (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1978-01-18 | Ec Chem Ind Co | Purification of dibenzylidenesorbitol |
| US4267110A (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1981-05-12 | E.C. Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing dibenzylidenesorbitol and composition containing the same |
| US4562265A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1985-12-31 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method for producing a di-acetal of sorbitol and an aromatic aldehyde |
| US4371645A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1983-02-01 | Milliken Research Corporation | Polyolefin plastic compositions comprising meta- or papa-derivatives (choro- or bromo-) of di-benzyuidene sorbitol |
| JPS5822157B2 (ja) * | 1980-05-16 | 1983-05-06 | 新日本理化株式会社 | １，３：２，４−ジベンジリデンソルビト−ル類及び１，３：２，４−ジベンジリデンキシルト−ル類の製造法 |
| US4419473A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-12-06 | Milliken Research Corporation | Polyolefin plastic compositions having improved transparency |
| US4429140A (en) | 1981-12-29 | 1984-01-31 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing dibenzylidene sorbitols and dibenzylidene xylitols |
| US4611024A (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1986-09-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co. | Propylene polymer composition containing a hydrotalcite and an acetal of an alditol |
| US4743444A (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1988-05-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antiperspirant and deodorant sticks |
| FR2613713B1 (fr) * | 1987-04-07 | 1989-08-04 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de diacetals d'alditols, notamment du dibenzylidene-sorbitol, en milieu aqueux |
| JPH07107067B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-07 | 1995-11-15 | 新日本理化株式会社 | アセタール類の製造方法 |
| US5135975A (en) * | 1989-09-20 | 1992-08-04 | Milliken Research Corporation | Bis(3,4-dialkylbenzylidene) sorbitol acetals and compositions containing same |
| US5049605A (en) * | 1989-09-20 | 1991-09-17 | Milliken Research Corporation | Bis(3,4-dialkylbenzylidene) sorbitol acetals and compositions containing same |
| EP0497976B9 (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 2005-01-12 | New Japan Chemical Co.,Ltd. | Method of producing acetals |
| US5216051A (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-06-01 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Polyolefins containing polyol nucleating agents and articles formed therefrom |
| CN1048987C (zh) * | 1992-11-24 | 2000-02-02 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 二亚苄基山梨糖醇的制备方法 |
| US5470898A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-11-28 | Montell North America Inc. | Sorbitol derivatives as nucleators and clarifiers for polyolefins, and polyolefin compositions obtained therewith |
| US6458873B1 (en) | 1995-05-03 | 2002-10-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Polyolefin compositions |
| US5731474A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-03-24 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method of making acetals |
| US6102999A (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-08-15 | Milliken & Company | Liquid dispersion comprising dibenzylidene sorbital acetals and ethoxylated nonionic surfactants |
| CN1255410C (zh) * | 2000-09-01 | 2006-05-10 | 美利肯公司 | 氟化和烷基化糖醇衍生物及含有该物质的聚烯烃制品 |
| US6586007B2 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2003-07-01 | Milliken & Company | Polyolefin additive composition comprising 3,4-dimethyl dibenzylidene sorbitol and rho-methyl dibenzylidene |
| US6548581B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2003-04-15 | Milliken & Company | Asymmetric halogen-alkyl alditol derivatives as nucleators and clarifiers for polyolefins, and polyolefin plastic compositions containing same |
| US6599964B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2003-07-29 | Milliken & Company | Symmetric substituted benzaldehyde alditol derivatives and compositions and articles containing same |
| US6547988B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2003-04-15 | Milliken & Company | Symmetrical halogenated and alkylated alditol derivatives and compositions and articles containing same |
| US6555696B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2003-04-29 | Milliken & Company | Asymmetric dipolar multi-substituted alditol derivatives, methods of making thereof, and compositions and articles containing same |
| US6495620B1 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2002-12-17 | Milliken & Company | Asymmetric substituted benzaldehyde alditol derivatives and compositions and articles containing same |
| US6582503B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2003-06-24 | Milliken & Company | Polyolefin additive composition comprising 3,4-dimethyldibenzylidene sorbitol and 3,4-dichlorodibenzylidene sorbitol |
| US6521685B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2003-02-18 | Milliken & Company | Clarifying agent formulations for thermoplastics exhibiting very high nucleation efficacy |
| US6585819B2 (en) | 2001-08-11 | 2003-07-01 | Milliken & Company | Clarified thermoplastics exhibiting very high nucleation efficacy |
| US20060079720A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-13 | Milliken & Company | Method for preparing acetal-containing compositions |
| US7351758B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2008-04-01 | Milliken & Company | Addictive composition and articles containing the same |
| US7662978B2 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2010-02-16 | Milliken & Company | Dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS)-based compounds, compositions and methods for using such compounds |
| JP5426120B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-06 | 2014-02-26 | 南海化学株式会社 | ジベンジリデンアルジトール類の製造方法 |
| KR101442104B1 (ko) | 2009-12-28 | 2014-09-18 | 미쯔비시 가스 케미칼 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | 폴리아미드 화합물 |
| RU2012149242A (ru) | 2010-04-20 | 2014-05-27 | Мицубиси Гэс Кемикал Компани, Инк. | Полиамидное соединение |
| EP2573127A4 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-12-11 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co | polyesteramide |
| KR20130088023A (ko) | 2010-06-29 | 2013-08-07 | 미쯔비시 가스 케미칼 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | 폴리아미드 화합물 |
| RU2579138C2 (ru) | 2010-12-27 | 2016-03-27 | Мицубиси Гэс Кемикал Компани, Инк. | Полиамидная композиция |
| KR20140017548A (ko) | 2011-01-10 | 2014-02-11 | 릴라이언스 인더스트리즈 리미티드 | 수성 매질에서 디아세탈 화합물을 제조하는 방법 |
| SG191886A1 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2013-08-30 | Reliance Ind Ltd | Process for preparation of acetals |
| EP2663542B1 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2016-07-06 | Reliance Industries Limited | Process for the preparation of alditol acetals |
| JP5887360B2 (ja) | 2011-01-10 | 2016-03-16 | リライアンス、インダストリーズ、リミテッドＲｅｌｉａｎｃｅ Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ | アルジトールアセタールの製造方法 |
| KR20150048742A (ko) | 2012-08-31 | 2015-05-07 | 미쯔비시 가스 케미칼 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | 폴리아미드 수지조성물 및 그 제조방법 |
| US11634427B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2023-04-25 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Crystal nucleating agent for polyolefin resin, method for producing crystal nucleating agent for polyolefin resin, and method for improving fluidity of crystal nucleating agent for polyolefin resin |
| WO2018037908A1 (ja) | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | 新日本理化株式会社 | ポリオレフィン系樹脂用結晶核剤、ポリオレフィン系樹脂用結晶核剤の製造方法、及び、ポリオレフィン系樹脂用結晶核剤の流動性の改良方法 |
| KR102634775B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-05 | 2024-02-07 | 쥐씨에이치 테크놀로지 코., 엘티디. | 소르비톨트리아세탈과 모노아세탈을 포함한 투명 조핵제 조성물 |
| EP3604383B1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-09-06 | NOF Corporation | Production method of polyoxyethylene derivative having plurality of hydroxyl groups at terminal |
| CN112694506B (zh) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-06-14 | 大连理工大学 | 一种从d-葡萄糖制备l-山梨糖的方法 |
| CN117756768A (zh) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-03-26 | 湖北新南化科技有限公司 | 组合物的用途 |
-
1969
- 1969-10-06 JP JP44080076A patent/JPS4843748B1/ja active Pending
-
1970
- 1970-10-05 DE DE19702048861 patent/DE2048861A1/de active Granted
- 1970-10-05 US US00078207A patent/US3721682A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-10-05 FR FR7035860A patent/FR2065001A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-06 GB GB47409/70A patent/GB1291819A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2048861B2 (OSRAM) | 1974-06-06 |
| DE2048861A1 (de) | 1971-04-22 |
| GB1291819A (en) | 1972-10-04 |
| JPS4843748B1 (OSRAM) | 1973-12-20 |
| FR2065001A5 (OSRAM) | 1971-07-23 |
| US3721682A (en) | 1973-03-20 |
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