DE1270805B - Stabilisieren von polymeren N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidonen - Google Patents
Stabilisieren von polymeren N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidonenInfo
- Publication number
- DE1270805B DE1270805B DEP1270805A DE1270805DA DE1270805B DE 1270805 B DE1270805 B DE 1270805B DE P1270805 A DEP1270805 A DE P1270805A DE 1270805D A DE1270805D A DE 1270805DA DE 1270805 B DE1270805 B DE 1270805B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- vinyl
- solution
- polymeric
- pyrrolidone
- polymers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical class C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940099427 potassium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VIESAWGOYVNHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=CN1 VIESAWGOYVNHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHYYINIEKJKMDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CCN(C=C)C1=O JHYYINIEKJKMDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVAXBMZXTAQVPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC1CN(C=C)C(=O)C1 TVAXBMZXTAQVPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWWJIQWIJBMGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CN(C=C)C(=O)C1 LWWJIQWIJBMGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJABNVJZYFGAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)N1C=C DJABNVJZYFGAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SUPUVLWGKPVHBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium sulfite Chemical compound [Li+].OS([O-])=O SUPUVLWGKPVHBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US555244A US2872433A (en) | 1955-12-27 | 1955-12-27 | Stabilization of polymeric n-vinyl pyrrolidones with sulfurous acid or alkali metal salts thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1270805B true DE1270805B (de) | 1968-06-20 |
Family
ID=25949769
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP1270805A Pending DE1270805B (de) | 1955-12-27 | Stabilisieren von polymeren N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidonen |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2872433A (forum.php) |
| BE (1) | BE553727A (forum.php) |
| DE (1) | DE1270805B (forum.php) |
| FR (1) | FR1170752A (forum.php) |
| GB (1) | GB836831A (forum.php) |
| NL (1) | NL92465C (forum.php) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3331798A (en) * | 1962-01-08 | 1967-07-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Viscous aqueous blend of polystyrene sulfonate and n-vinylpyrrolidinone, and preparation thereof |
| US3258493A (en) * | 1962-09-11 | 1966-06-28 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | alpha, alpha'-bis(laurylthio)-p-xylene |
| US3425982A (en) * | 1965-04-02 | 1969-02-04 | Us Navy | Water soluble winding mandrels and method of making the same |
| US3405084A (en) * | 1965-06-30 | 1968-10-08 | Barr Company G | Neutralized terpolymeric resin of vinyl pyrrolidone, alkyl acrylate or methacrylate,and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid |
| US3532657A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1970-10-06 | Dow Chemical Co | Stabilized polymeric amines |
| US3620773A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1971-11-16 | Robert P Gabriel | Method for treating harvested nonchlorophylleous produce |
| SE8504501D0 (sv) * | 1985-09-30 | 1985-09-30 | Astra Meditec Ab | Method of forming an improved hydrophilic coating on a polymer surface |
| US4863989A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1989-09-05 | Seitetsu Kagaku Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbent resin composition |
| US5604275A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1997-02-18 | Isp Investments Inc. | Color stabilized aqueous n-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer solutions |
| WO1996018673A1 (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1996-06-20 | Isp Investments Inc. | Color stabilization of aqueous heterocyclic copolymer |
| US5534564A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1996-07-09 | Isp Investments Inc. | Process for the color stabilization of an aqueous N-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer solution |
| SE9600276D0 (sv) * | 1996-01-25 | 1996-01-25 | Astra Ab | A wetting device for wetting a hydrophilic catheter and a urine collection bag incorporating said device |
| DE102005005974A1 (de) * | 2005-02-09 | 2006-08-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Polyvinylpyrrolidonen |
| JP5483793B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-09 | 2014-05-07 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ビニルピロリドン系重合体溶液、及び、その製造方法 |
| DE202009000692U1 (de) | 2008-11-04 | 2009-04-16 | Basf Se | Verpackungsform |
| EP2342079B1 (de) | 2008-11-04 | 2018-06-20 | Basf Se | Verwendung von verbundfolien als verpackungsmaterial für und verfahren zur verpackung von oxidationsempfindlichen polymeren sowie verpackungsformen diese enthaltend |
| US8623978B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-01-07 | Basf Se | Process for the preparation of low-peroxide crosslinked vinyllactam polymer |
| DE202011005055U1 (de) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-09-12 | Basf Se | Peroxidarmes Polymer enthaltend Phosphorverbindung |
| US9023931B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2015-05-05 | Basf Se | Oxidation-sensitive, low-peroxide polymer comprising at least one inorganic phosphorus compound |
| CN103459480B (zh) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-02-22 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含至少一种无机磷化合物的氧化敏感性低过氧化物聚合物 |
| EP2511331A1 (de) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-17 | Basf Se | Peroxidarmes Polymer enthaltend Phosphorverbindung |
| US9260546B2 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2016-02-16 | Basf Se | Producing aqueous solutions of vinyllactam polymers and powders thereof |
| WO2014023602A1 (de) * | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-13 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wässriger lösungen von vinyllactam-polymeren und deren pulver |
| EP3738951B1 (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2022-09-14 | Boai NKY Medical Holdings Ltd. | Use of a polymerization inhibitor for n-vinyl pyrrolidone monomer |
| DE102020205100A1 (de) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Additivzusammensetzung sowie deren verwendung, kondensationspolymerzusammensetzung, formmasse und hieraus hergestellte formmassen und formteile und deren verwendung |
| DE102020205101A1 (de) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verwendung von anorganischen Sulfiten und/oder Thiosulfaten zur Stabilisierung von thermoplastischen Kondensationspolymeren, stabilisierte Formmasse und hieraus hergestellte Formmassen und Formteile |
| DE102021202103A1 (de) | 2021-03-04 | 2022-09-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verwendung einer Stabilisatorzusammensetzung zur Stabilisierung von halogenfreien thermoplastischen Kunststoff-Recyclaten, eine Stabilisatorzusammensetzung, ein Masterbatch oder Konzentrat, eine stabilisierte Kunststoffzusammensetzung, hier ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von halogenfreien thermoplastischen Kunststoff-Recyclaten sowie Verwendung von Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102022206466A1 (de) | 2022-06-27 | 2023-12-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verwendung einer Stabilisatorzusammensetzung zur Stabilisierung von halogenfreier thermoplastischer Kunststoff-Neuware, Stabilisatorzusammensetzung, ein Masterbatch oder Konzentrat, eine stabilisierte Kunststoffzusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von halogenfreien thermoplastischen Kunststoff-Neuware sowie Verwendung der Zusammensetzung |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2548169A (en) * | 1949-05-17 | 1951-04-10 | Goodrich Co B F | Stabilization of polyvinylidene cyanide solutions |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE664231C (de) * | 1934-07-25 | 1938-08-23 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyvinylverbindungen |
| US2495918A (en) * | 1948-08-28 | 1950-01-31 | Du Pont | Poly-n-vinyl lactam photographic silver halide emulsions |
| CH278309A (de) * | 1949-07-04 | 1951-10-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur direkten Herstellung von positiven photographischen Bildern. |
-
0
- NL NL92465D patent/NL92465C/xx active
- BE BE553727D patent/BE553727A/xx unknown
- DE DEP1270805A patent/DE1270805B/de active Pending
-
1955
- 1955-12-27 US US555244A patent/US2872433A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1956
- 1956-12-17 GB GB38413/56A patent/GB836831A/en not_active Expired
- 1956-12-26 FR FR1170752D patent/FR1170752A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2548169A (en) * | 1949-05-17 | 1951-04-10 | Goodrich Co B F | Stabilization of polyvinylidene cyanide solutions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US2872433A (en) | 1959-02-03 |
| NL92465C (forum.php) | |
| FR1170752A (fr) | 1959-01-19 |
| GB836831A (en) | 1960-06-09 |
| BE553727A (forum.php) |
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