CN203089369U - 一种用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的装置 - Google Patents

一种用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的装置 Download PDF

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CN203089369U
CN203089369U CN2013201015221U CN201320101522U CN203089369U CN 203089369 U CN203089369 U CN 203089369U CN 2013201015221 U CN2013201015221 U CN 2013201015221U CN 201320101522 U CN201320101522 U CN 201320101522U CN 203089369 U CN203089369 U CN 203089369U
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catheter
mapping
guide catheter
ablation catheter
mapping ablation
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王捷
李楚武
王建聪
邹波
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的装置,包括引导导管、标测消融导管、手柄、和接头,所述引导导管有一个可控其弯度的前端并且引导导管内有至少一个腔;所述标测消融导管是置于引导导管的一个腔内并且其头端有一个或多个电极和一个或多个探测装置;所述标测消融导管有一个有弯度、可伸出或退回引导导管、并能旋转的前端;所述手柄连接引导导管和标测消融导管并包括一个或多个操控部件,所述操控部件是用于移动引导导管和标测消融导管;所述接头是用于向电极提供能量的接头。

Description

一种用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的装置
 本申请要求2012年8月24日提交的国际专利申请序号PCT/IB2012/054303的优先权,以及2012年8月24日提交的国际专利申请序号PCT/IB2012/054310的优先权。
技术领域
本实用新型涉及用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的导管装置系统,以便提高经导管介入手术进行肾神经消融以去除肾神经的准确性, 有效性和安全性。
背景技术
肾交感神经过度兴奋是充血性心力衰竭、高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾衰竭和心率失常等疾病都具有的病理生理机制。 使用最近所开展的去肾交感神经术来治疗这些疾病从根本上来说都是与这一疗法能降低交感神经过度兴奋有关,换言之, 以交感神经过度兴奋为病理基础的疾病都可通过去肾交感神经术进行治疗。肾交感神经被认为是交感神经的效应器和感应器,通过肾交感神经可以调节心血管系统及其他各脏器的病理生理状况。
去除肾交感神经术的可能临床适应症
1.高血压:Krum等人在2009年开始了经导管消融去肾交感神经术治疗高血压患者的人体研究。已报道的有Symplicity HTN-1(Krum et al.,2009; Sadowski et al., 2011)、Symplicity HTN-2(Esler et al., 2010)以及正在进行的Symplicity HTN-3;前两者分别入选患者50和106名,随访期限分别为12和6个月;Symplicity HTN-3的详情目前还未见报道。受试者为药物耐受性高血压患者,即在服用至少三种包括利尿剂在内的抗高血压药物后,其诊室收缩血压仍≥160mmHg,或是哪些因各种原因根本无法使用药物治疗其高血压的患者。Symplicity HTN-1中的45名接受去肾神经术的患者的血压在治疗后的1、3、6、9和12个月,分别从术前的平均收缩压和舒张压177/101mmHg分别下降了-14/-10、-21/-10、-22/-11、-24/-11和-27/17mmHg;而5名未接受此疗法的患者血压水平在同时期内则有相应升高(Krum et al.,2009)。Symplicity HTN-2使用了随机入选病人和设立对照组的研究方法,使用动态血压监测以替代诊室手动血压监测,以避免“白大衣效应”,进一步证实了Symplicity HTN-1的结果。52名患者在术后1、3和6个月时收缩压和舒张压仍分别降低了-20/-7、-24/-8、和-32/-12 mmHg (Esler et al., 2010)。这一疗法平均手术时间只有约38分钟,采用5-8瓦的低射频能量,消融点间距至少为5毫米,每侧肾动脉消融点为4-6处,每点消融2分钟(Sobotka et al.,2012)。此方法安全,至今尚无报道有血管栓塞、肾栓塞、肾功能损伤等副作用。
2.糖代谢异常和糖尿病: Mahfoud等研究了37名患者在去肾交感神经术后3个月时糖尿病相关指数的变化,观察到空腹血糖从118下降到108mg/dL,胰岛素水平从20.8下降到9.3μIU/mL,C肽水平从5.3减少到3.0ng/mL,而胰岛素抵抗则从6.0减少到2.4,平均口服葡萄糖耐量试验时2小时后葡萄糖水平也减少了27mg/dL。而未接受手术的13名对照组患者血压和代谢标志物水平均无明显变化(Mahfoud et al., 2011)。证实了去除肾神经确实可明显改善患者的胰岛素耐受性和葡萄糖代谢状况。
3.睡眠呼吸暂停综合征:Witkowski等发现去肾交感神经术可明显改善顽固性高血压患者的睡眠呼吸暂停程度。他们发现, 在术后6个月,10名患有药物耐受性高血压同时伴有呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)病人的AHI从术前的16.3次/h降低到了4.5次/h。这说明该疗法在降低顽固性高血压伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸障碍患者的血压同时,也改善了患者睡眠呼吸障碍程度(Witkowski et al., 2011)。
4.心力衰竭:Brandt报道在药物耐受性高血压患者进行了去肾交感神经术后6个月时,患者的左室肥厚指数、室间膜厚度以及左室舒张末期容积和等容舒张期以及左室充盈压明显降低,心脏的射血分数则明显升高。而在未接受此疗法的18名对照组患者中则未观察到相应的变化(Brandt et al., 2012)。这说明去肾交感神经术可明显改善患者的心脏功能。目前正在进行的专门针对心衰患者进行的去肾交感神经术临床研究有Symplicity-H和REACH,但结果还未见发表(Sobotka et al.,2012) 。
5.慢性肾病和肾衰竭:交感神经过度兴奋与慢性肾衰的发生和发展有密切关系。引起肾脏损伤的因素通过肾脏感觉传入神经可引起全身交感神经过度兴奋,会直接导致肾脏损伤(Schlaich et al., 2009)。因此,通过去肾交感神经术降低全身交感神经兴奋性可能也是治疗慢性肾病和肾衰竭的新手段。已有文献报道, 在患有晚期慢性肾病的药物耐受性高血压患者经去肾交感神经术治疗一年后, 其eGFR无明显变化(Hering et al.,2012; Hering et al.,2012;Dasgupta et al., 2012)。表明此疗法可能会减缓慢性肾病的进程.
6.由高交感张力所引起的心律失常:动物试验和临床研究证实,交感神经张力的改变对某些心律失常的发生和发展起着重要的作用(D’Agrosa, 1997; Esler, 1992). 由此推测,去肾神经术可通过抑制全身交感神经的张力,进而治疗由此机制引发的心律失常。
  然而目前所使用的肾神经消融术或其他的去肾神经的方法无法对肾神经的分布进行定位, 术者并不知道需要在肾动脉的哪一部分进行肾神经去除术,无法确定肾交感神经的分布点, 从而手术是以盲目的方式进行的, 其治疗效果和安全性都有待改进和提高。特别是最近Brinkmann等人在12名高血压病人施行了肾神经消融术以去除肾神经, 但只有三名病人的血压在治疗后降低, 有七名病人的血压在治疗后没有降低 ( Brinkmann et al., 2012). 其原因之一就是施行肾神经消融术的位点不是肾交感神经的分布点. Brinkmann等人也认为完全不清楚他们在术中所施行的射频能量是否阻断了肾传入和传出神经. 特别是术者没有临床指标可以评价和证实手术的成功与否(Brinkmann et al., 2012). 因此, 临床上急需切实可行的方法来标测肾交感神经, 和肾副交感神经, 用以指导临床医生准确的, 有效的和安全的去除肾交感神经, 评价和证实去肾交神经手术的成功与否。
美国临时专利公开说明书US 2011/0306851 A1首先提出肾神经标测的概念、具体方法和实施肾神经标测的装置。该专利说明书中使用猪做实验机体, 施行肾动脉内电刺激, 同时监测动脉血压, 心率和其他生理参数的方法来标测肾交感神经的分布, 当刺激肾动脉的某一位置时, 如果血压和心率增加, 这一位置被确定有肾交感神经的分布。该实验在最近被Masaomi Chinushi等人的研究结果再次证实 (Chinushi et al., 2013)。这组研究者在使用犬的实验中证明, 当电刺激肾动脉的某些部位时, 血压和心率增加。当在这些部位施行射频消融损毁神经后, 再施行电刺激, 血压和心率不再变化。
 虽然肾神经消融术有潜力为因交感神经过度兴奋而引致的疾病提供适当治疗,然而, 包括上述两项研究所使用的装置, 均不是专为肾神经标测和消融而设计的专门装置。目前在临床上用于肾神经消融的大部份导管系统是与某些为冠状动脉系统设计的导管系统类似;特别是用于治疗心率失常、专门为冠状动脉设计的特殊头端的消融导管系统。这些导管系统的特点是其头端电极可检测心脏组织中引起心率失常的异常电流回路。理想的去肾神经导管系统,应当具有双重功能:既有能通过提供电流来刺激肾神经以标测肾神经分布的功能,又能够传导能量进行去肾神经手术, 同时其形状的设计又符合肾动脉的解剖结构特点。这样医生就可以实时监测在进行电刺激时和去肾神经术后患者的生理学变化,但目前此类导管系统还未被开发。
肾神经消融前,肾动脉的结构是需要首先考虑的因素,在进行介入手术,经导管去神经之前,必须仔细考虑每侧肾动脉的结构。进行介入导管治疗,在很大程度上取决于肾动脉的解剖结构、肾动脉有无狭窄、是否预先有肾支架置入或血管成形术以及双侧肾血管的情况。不仅畸形和异常的肾动脉结构会妨碍导管的插入,即使是肾动脉结构的正常变异也会对是否能进行手术其有很大影响,特别是当使用非专用导管系统(即不是为肾动脉消融专门设计的导管)时其风险更大。用这一类导管系统或是没有考虑到肾动脉特性的导管进行肾动脉介入手术时的可能风险包括,由于导管尖端与动脉直径不匹配,或是在动脉内扭曲从而在手术操作过程中导致肾动脉破裂、如果消融的能量过大可导致肾动脉壁或肾动脉内皮的破裂和/或损伤,甚至肾动脉剥离。因此,设计符合肾动脉结构和常见变异的专门导管系统用于肾神经去除术是非常必要的,这将会使大量许多患有与肾交感神经张力过高有关疾病的患者得到适当的治疗。
综合上述,现有用于肾神经消融的大部份导管系统不易操作而且精度低下,并不能完全地确保肾神经消融术的准确性、有效性和安全性。本实用新型试图解决这一问题。
发明内容
本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于提供一种可以标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的导管装置系统,从而提高经导管介入手术进行肾神经消融以去除肾神经的准确性、有效性和安全性。
为解决上述问题,本实用新型提供了一种用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的导管装置系统,所述导管包括前端曲度可控的中空两腔引导导管、置于引导导管内可活动的并前端塑形的标测消融导管、手柄及其内置的操控部件、手柄末端与引导导管相通的液体导管和用于连接外置仪器的接头、连接引导导管头端和操控部件的牵引丝。
本实用新型的导管是多功能的单一导管,合标测消融导管和引导导管于一身,其电极能分别施加电刺激或消融潜在神经的能量从而达到标测或去神经的目的;本实用新型更能让施术者通过引导导管注射造影剂、 采取血样、和注射治疗药物。本实用新型进一步可根据肾动脉的结构或是腹主动脉与肾动脉的相对位置而改变其前端的形态,让施术者更容易操控,从而使导管更容易进入肾动脉并精确地选择在肾动脉内导管头端电极所接触的位置;导管前端更有可固定其位置的形状以确保操作时导管头端不会移位。
本实用新型的手柄上的操控部件包括一个或多个用于控制标测消融导管和引导导管前端的控制钮。所述控制钮与手柄部分、标测消融导管和牵引丝连接;其中与手柄部分的连接可以是转动连接、滑动连接、固定连接;其中与标测消融导管的连接可以是固定连接、同轴固定连接。
引导导管内有一或多条牵引丝连接导管头端与手柄部上一个或多个操控部件,从而通过操纵该一个或多个操控部件可以令导管前端弯曲。所述操控部件可以包括一个或多个滑块和控制钮。所述控制钮利用螺杆螺纹结构与一个或多个滑块传动,旋转控制钮使滑块在导轨上做直线运动,将牵引钢丝固定在滑块上,通过拉动牵引钢丝实现引导导管前端拉弯。
标测消融导管是固定于手柄上的一个或多个操控部件内,从而通过操纵该一个或多个操控部件可将标测消融导管推出引导导管,  并控制标测消融导管推出的长度。  所述控制部件可以包括控制钮、结构件和旋转固定块。所述控制钮通过结构件与旋转固定块相互接触,旋转固定块与结构件接触处设计有一圈凹槽,保证旋转固定块在旋转时,结构件不会跟着旋转固定块一起旋转。当推动控制钮时,控制钮通过结构件,带动旋转固定块前后移动。导管头端电极固定在旋转固定块上,头端电极与旋转固定块保持相同的运动状态。手柄上控制推出标测消融导管的控制钮上标有刻度, 可准确的控制标测消融导管伸出或回收引导导管的长度, 如5mm、 10mm、 15mm、 20mm、 25mm、 30mm、 35mm、 40mm、 45mm、 50mm、 55mm,60mm, 65mm, 70mm, 75mm 和80mm。准确控制标测消融导管伸出引导导管的长度可确保消融点之间至少是一定的距离,例如5mm。 通过同一个控制钮或其他控制钮可以将伸出引导导管的标测消融导管退回引导导管腔内。
标测消融导管是固定于手柄上的一个或多个操控部件内,从而通过操纵该一个或多个操控部件可以令标测消融导管旋转。所述操控部件包括控制钮、齿轮或齿轮组、旋转固定块、固定块。所述控制钮通过齿轮或齿轮组与旋转固定块接触,旋转固定块外沿设计有齿与齿轮或齿轮组通过齿轮传动。导管头端电极固定在旋转固定块上,与旋转固定块保持相同的运动状态。固定块处通过螺钉挤压不锈钢管固定头端电极。旋转控制钮通过齿轮或齿轮组传动,使旋转固定块旋转,远从而实现导管头端电极旋转。手柄上控制旋转标测消融导管的控制钮上可以标有刻度, 以便准确的控制标测消融导管所旋转的度数, 每一刻度可控制标测消融导管作出一定的旋转直至360o,以确保刺激标测点时没有盲区,例如每一刻度控制标测消融导管旋转15o
标测消融导管可在至少两个状态下做旋转操作。 在其中一个状态,标测消融导管可在伸出引导导管后旋转。在另一个状态,标测消融导管可在全部退入引导导管后旋转。
本实用新型内可操控的标测消融导管和引导导管的前端由于可因应肾血管内的结构或是腹主动脉与肾动脉的相对位置而改变曲度,从而使导管更容易进入肾动脉和在肾动脉内操作。
通过手柄上的控制钮经牵引丝可控制引导导管前端的弯曲度,以确保形成适当的角度便于将引导导管前端进入肾动脉。
本实用新型的标测消融导管前端可以形成一定弯度;所述弯度可以确保导管前端在肾动脉内保持一定的支撑力;所述弯度也可以确保导管前端能够在肾动脉内保持固定的位置,从而确保导管前端与动脉内壁形成良好的接触,保证标测点与消融点一致,并确保施行电刺激时电能量能够有效的传递到动脉壁上, 在施行射频消融时能量能够有效的传递到动脉壁上损毁神经。
保持标测消融导管前端弯度的方式可以是采用事先已进行塑性的记忆性镍钛合金材料,装配后前端可保持塑性后的弯型。该方式也可以是采用牵引丝固定,将牵引丝一端固定在标测消融导管前端,而另一端固定在手柄中并在牵引丝尾部套入压缩弹簧圈(不锈钢或镍钛合金);当标测消融导管在初始状态(内置引导导管中),前端受力拉伸牵引丝压缩弹簧圈被压缩。当标测消融导管前端从引导导管中伸出时,前端不受力,压缩弹簧圈自然恢复拉伸牵引丝,形成头部弯曲。
标测消融导管头端设有一个或多个电极;所述电极可释放电刺激从而进行标测功能;所述电极也可释放射频消融能量从而损毁肾神经。所述电极更可释放其他类型的能量进行消融,如激光能量、高密度聚焦超声,或者低温消融技术等消融技术, 将能量传递到肾动脉壁上,以去除肾交感神经或任何神经。 
本实用新型的标测消融导管头端可以设有一个或多个探测装置。所述装置可以是温度探测装置,以便让施术者测量动脉内和动脉壁的温度。 所述装置也可以是电阻探测装置,以便让施术者测量电极和动脉壁之间的电阻,从而知道导管头端与动脉壁是否形成良好的接触。
本实用新型提供的导管进一步包括一个密封机制,从而控制液体进入或离开引导导管头端。所述密封机制可以由标测消融导管头端非常圆滑的电极坐卧在引导导管非常圆滑平整的开口缘端上所形成;当把标测消融导管向回拉时, 两者间的机密结合使得液体不得进出引导导管的开口缘端。当密封机制打开时, 液体可以根据操作者的要求进入或离开引导导管。本实用新型所述的液体包括造影剂、血液和药物。控制液体进入或离开引导导管可以是用于注入造影剂施行血管造影、采取肾动脉内或主动脉内血样、或在肾动脉内或主动脉内注射治疗药物。
本实用新型的手柄的末端部分设有和引导导管相通的液体导管,所述液体可以从该导管进出引导导管头端。引导导管头端更可以设有一个或数个侧孔让液体可以经过并进入或离开引导导管头端。
本实用新型的手柄末端设有接头以连接外置的仪器;所述外置仪器可以是标测消融控制仪。所述标测消融控制仪为标测消融电极提供刺激或消融神经的能量。
制造引导导管的材料因应置入肾动脉时的需要而决定所述材料的硬度。所述引导导管可以由一种或多种不同硬度的高分子材料构成,所述材料包括聚醚嵌段酰胺(polyether block amide)、聚酰亚胺(polyimide)、热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane)。所述材料可以根据其硬度而分布在引导导管:前端最软、中间次之、末端最硬;其硬度分布包括邵氏硬度90A到80D。不同材料可以直接通过对接焊接而成。引导导管有至少一个大腔和至少一个小腔。所述大腔是用于通过标测消融导管,其外径包括1.0到5.00mm,内径包括0.5到4.0mm。所述小腔是用于通过牵引丝。 
本实用新型的标测消融导管包括前端管身和末端管身;其中所述前端管身和末端管身由编织增强的高分子材料管体构成,所述高分子材料包括聚醚嵌段酰胺(polyether block amide)、聚酰亚胺(polyimide)、热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane)。所述末端管身也可以由金属管构成,所述金属包括不锈钢、镍钛合金等。标测消融导管的外径包括0.1到3.0mm。
本实用新型所述置于标测消融导管头端的电极可以是由金属制造,所述金属包括铂、铂铱合金、金和银。所述电极的形状包括圆形、椭圆形、螺旋形、球形、圆柱形、环形等几何形状。所述电极的大小适用于肾动脉内使用,其直径0.1-4mm,长度0.1-4mm等。
本实用新型所述的手柄可以是聚甲醛(polyoxymethylene)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)、聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)、聚酰胺(polyamide)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate)等高分子材料所造。
本实用新型所述的牵引丝可以是不锈钢、镍钛合金等所造。
本实用新型的导管更能因应实际所需从而选择标测或消融的状态。所述导管可在标测消融导管完全退入引导导管的状态下将头端置入到肾动脉管腔中进行标测和消融。
本实用新型可任意与各种类与其匹配合适的医疗器械一起使用,所述医疗器械包括导管导丝、牵引导丝、鞘管、扩张器、心血管和肾血管疾病的介入器械。所述导管导丝可以预先置入到患者血管内用来引导导管前端到达所希望的位置。所述牵引导丝帮助将导管前端放置到合适的位置。
本实用新型进一步提供使用所述导管来标测肾神经分布的方法,从而以标测肾动脉上的肾神经分布并识别和决定肾动脉中的消融点,以进行优化的肾神经消融术;其包括以下步骤:将本实用新型包括标测消融导管和引导导管的导管头端放置于肾血管腔内;使用手柄上的控制钮移动标测消融导管或引导导管的前端,从而使标测消融导管的电极与肾动脉壁达到良好接触;通过所述电极在肾动脉中施加电刺激,并同步监测一种或多种生理学临床指标的反应变化;总和分析包括所述所述生理反应变化的肾神经标测数据,从而提供肾神经分布的信息,有效指导临床医生进行肾神经消融去除手术。所述生理学临床指标包括血压、心率、心率变异性、肌肉交感神经兴奋性或肾去甲肾上腺素外溢水平等。当刺激部位引起对所述生理反应变化是正性时,表明此处有交感神经分布,所述刺激部位是进行消融的优选位置。当刺激部位引起对所述生理反应变化是负性时,表明此处有副交感神经分布,所述刺激部位是应当避免进行消融的位置。
总和分析包括所述生理反应变化的肾神经标测数据,可以提供肾神经分布的信息,有效指导临床医生进行肾神经消融去除手术。
本实用新型中尚未详述的部分,可参考2012年8月24日提交的国际专利申请序号PCT/IB2012/054303以及2012年8月24日提交的国际专利申请序号PCT/IB2012/054310的专利文件中公开的内容进行理解。
附图说明
图1-1是本实用新型装置一个实例,所述导管是由可控的中空两腔引导导管(11)、置于引导导管内可活动的并前端塑形的标测消融导管(12)、手柄(13)及其内置的操控部件、手柄末端与引导导管相通的液体导管(14)和与标测消融控制仪相连的接头(15)、连接引导导管头端和操控部件的牵引丝组成;图中的导管在其初始状态。
图1-2示出图1-1的装置在转动控制钮(16)后,引导导管(11)的前端变为弯曲的形态。
图1-3示出图1-1的装置在推动控制钮(17)后,标测消融导管(12)伸出引导导管(11)外的形态。
图1-4示出图1-1的装置在转动控制钮(18)后,其伸出其引导导管(11)外的标测消融导管(12)绕引导导管(11)开口端的中心轴线旋转的形态。
图2-1示出标测消融导管前端(21)的一个实例,其头端有电极(22)和温度探测装置(23),其管体内有令导管前端呈固定弯形或可控弯形的牵引丝(24)或记忆装置(25)。
图2-2示出本实用新型标测消融导管前端的一个实例;标测消融导管(12)头端和引导导管(11)之间的密封机制是由非常圆滑的电极(22)坐卧在引导导管(11)非常圆滑平整的开口缘端上所形成。标测消融导管的牵引丝(24)和引导导管的牵引丝(26)是不锈钢或镍钛合金所制。
图3-1是本实用新型另一个实例中的装置,所述装置和图1所示的实例不同之处在于控制钮(19)是一个能前后移动并且旋转的控制钮;图中的导管在其初始状态。
图3-2示出控制引导导管(11)弯曲的机制的一个实例,控制钮(16)利用螺杆螺纹结构与滑块(31)传动 ,旋转控制钮(16)使滑块(31)在导轨(32)上做直线运动,牵引丝的一端固定在滑块(31)上另一端固定在引导导管头端,通过拉动牵引丝拉弯引导导管。
图3-3示出控制标测消融导管(12)伸出引导导管(11)外的机制的一个实例,控制钮(19)通过结构件(33)与旋转固定块(34)相互接触,旋转固定块(34)与结构件(33)接触处设计有一圈凹槽,保证旋转固定块在旋转时,结构件不会跟着旋转固定块一起旋转;当推动控制钮(19)时,控制钮(19)通过结构件(33),带动旋转固定块(34)及固定在其上的标测消融导管(12)前后移动,从而实现前后移动控制钮(19)可以使标测消融导管(12)伸出或退回引导导管(11)。
图3-4示出控制标测消融导管(12)绕引导导管(11)开口端的中心轴线旋转的机制的一个实例,控制钮(19)通过齿轮组(35)与旋转固定块(34)接触,旋转固定块(34)外沿设计有齿与齿轮组(35)通过相合的齿轮传动;由于固定块(36)通过螺钉挤压不锈钢管固定标测消融导管(12)在旋转固定块(34)上,旋转控制钮(19)可通过齿轮组(35)传动,使旋转固定块(34)旋转,从而实现标测消融导管(12)绕引导导管(11)开口端的中心轴线旋转。
具体实施方式
实例1
图1-1至1-4示出了本实用新型的第一个实例。如图1所示所述导管由可控的中空引导导管(11)、置于引导导管内可活动的并前端塑形的标测消融导管(12)、手柄(13)及其内置的操控部件、手柄末端与引导导管相通的液体导管(14)和用于连接标测消融控制仪的接头(15)、连接引导导管头端和操控部件的牵引丝组成。
所述的手柄(13)及其内置的操控部件是由聚甲醛(polyoxymethylene)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate)所制。
所述引导导管(11)的外径是2.66mm,内径是并且有一个用于通过牵引丝的小腔, 小腔内径为0.40mm; 和一个通过标测消融导管的大腔, 大腔内径为1.57mm。引导导管(11)由三种不同硬度的热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane)所制;前端最软、中间次之、末端最硬,其硬度范围是邵氏硬度分别是90A到40D、40D到70D、70D到80D。三种材料直接通过对接焊接而成。
所述标测消融导管(12)的外径是1.1mm;其前端管身是由编织的聚酰亚胺(polyimide)所制,其末端管身由不锈钢构成。
图2-1示出图1-1实例中的标测消融导管前端;保持标测消融导管前端弯度的方式是采用牵引丝(24)固定,将牵引丝(24)一端固定在标测消融导管(12)前端,而另一端固定在手柄(13)中并在牵引丝(24)尾部套入压缩不锈钢或镍钛合金弹簧圈;当标测消融导管在初始状态(内置引导导管中),前端受力拉伸牵引丝(24)压缩弹簧圈被压缩。当标测消融导管(12)前端从引导导管(11)中伸出时,前端不受力,压缩弹簧圈自然恢复拉伸牵引丝(24),形成头部弯曲。该标测消融导管有一个电极(22)和一个温度探测装置和电阻探测装置(23)。
所述电极(22)是圆头状的铂铱合金电极,直径为2.33mm。所述电极能施加电和射频能量。
图2-2示出图1-1实例中的前端的密封机制;标测消融导管(12)头端和引导导管(11)之间的密封机制是由非常圆滑的电极(22)坐卧在引导导管(11)非常圆滑平整的开口缘端上所形成。标测消融导管的牵引丝(24)和引导导管的牵引丝(26)是不锈钢或镍钛合金所制。
所述手柄(13)内的操控部件由三个控制钮(16、17、18)、滑块(31)、结构件(33)、旋转固定块(34)、齿轮或齿轮组(35)和固定块(36)组成。
第一控制钮(16)利用螺杆螺纹结构与滑块(31)传动 ,旋转第一控制钮(16)使滑块(31)在导轨(32)上做直线运动,牵引丝的一端固定在滑块(31)上另一端固定在引导导管(12)头端,通过拉动牵引丝实现引导导管(11)拉弯。
第二控制钮(17)通过结构件(33)与旋转固定块(34)相互接触,旋转固定块(34)与结构件(33)接触处设计有一圈凹槽,保证旋转固定块在旋转时,结构件不会跟着旋转固定块一起旋转;当推动第二控制钮(17)时,控制钮(17)通过结构件(33),带动旋转固定块(34)前后移动。导管头端电极(22)固定在旋转固定块(34)上,头端电极与旋转固定块保持相同的运动状态,从而实现前后移动第二控制钮(17)可以使标测消融导管(12)伸出或退回引导导管(11)。第二控制钮(17)上标有确保消融点之间至少是5mm的刻度。
第三控制钮(18)通过齿轮组(35)与旋转固定块(34)接触,旋转固定块(34)外沿设计有齿与齿轮或齿轮组(35)通过相合的齿轮传动。标测消融导管(12)固定在旋转固定块(34)上,与旋转固定块(34)保持相同的运动状态。固定块(36)通过螺钉挤压不锈钢管固定标测消融导管(12)。旋转第三控制钮(18)可通过齿轮或齿轮组(35)传动,使旋转固定块(34)旋转,从而实现标测消融导管(12)绕引导导管(11)开口端的中心轴线旋转。第三控制钮(18)上标有控制标测消融导管每次旋转15o 的刻度。
本实例的标测消融导管(12)可在两个状态下做旋转操作。标测消融导管(12)可在伸出引导导管(11)后旋转或在全部退入引导导管(11)后旋转。
实例2
在本实用新型的第二个实例,第二控制钮(17)和第三控制钮(18)是同一个控制钮(19)(图3-1), 即可控制标测消融导管的伸出和退回, 也可控制标测消融导管的旋转; 但带有互锁装置, 即在推拉该控制钮时无法旋动, 在用该控制钮控制标测消融导管旋转时无法进行推来的操作。前后移动所述单一个控制钮能使标测消融导管(12)伸出或退回引导导管(11)(图3-3);转动所述单一个控制钮(19)能使标测消融导管(12)绕引导导管(11)开口端的中心轴线旋转(图3-4)。
图3-2至3-4示出第二个实例中的内部结构;所述手柄(13)内的操控部件由两个控制钮(16、19)、滑块(31)、结构件(33)、旋转固定块(34)、齿轮或齿轮组(35)和固定块(36)组成。
第一控制钮(16)利用螺杆螺纹结构与滑块(31)传动 ,旋转第一控制钮(16)使滑块(31)在导轨(32)上做直线运动,牵引丝的一端固定在滑块(31)上另一端固定在引导导管(12)头端,通过拉动牵引丝实现引导导管(11)拉弯(图3-1)。
第二控制钮(19)通过结构件(33)与旋转固定块(34)相互接触,旋转固定块(34)与结构件(33)接触处设计有一圈凹槽,保证旋转固定块在旋转时,结构件不会跟着旋转固定块一起旋转;当推动第二控制钮(17)时,控制钮(19)通过结构件(33),带动旋转固定块(34)前后移动。导管头端电极(22)固定在旋转固定块(34)上,头端电极与旋转固定块保持相同的运动状态,从而实现前后移动第二控制钮(19)可以使标测消融导管(12)伸出或退回引导导管(11)。第二控制钮(19)上标有确保消融点之间至少是5mm的刻度。
第二控制钮(19)通过齿轮组(35)与旋转固定块(34)接触,旋转固定块(34)外沿设计有齿与齿轮或齿轮组(35)通过相合的齿轮传动。标测消融导管(12)固定在旋转固定块(34)上,与旋转固定块(34)保持相同的运动状态。固定块(36)通过螺钉挤压不锈钢管固定标测消融导管(12)。旋转第二控制钮(19)可通过齿轮或齿轮组(35)传动,使旋转固定块(34)旋转,从而实现标测消融导管(12)绕引导导管(11)开口端的中心轴线旋转。第二控制钮(19)上标有控制标测消融导管每次旋转15o 的刻度。第二个实例和第一个实例在其他方面完全相同。
实例3
在本实用新型的第三个实例,保持标测消融导管前端弯度的方式是采用事先已进行塑性的记忆性镍钛合金材料(25),装配后前端可保持塑性后的弯型。第三个实施方式和第一个实例在其他方面完全相同。
实例4
在本实用新型的第四个实例,引导导管(11)是由三种不同材料制成;其最软的前端使用热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane)、中间使用热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane)、最硬的末端使用热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic polyurethane),硬度范围是邵氏硬度分别是90A到40D、40D到70D、70D到80D。三种材料直接通过对接焊接而成。
实例5
在本实用新型的第五个实例,标测消融导管(12)头端的探测装置是电阻探测装置。第六个实例和第一个实例在其他方面完全相同。
实例6
在本实用新型的第六个实例,标测消融导管(12)头端同时有电阻探测装置和温度探测装置(23)。第七个实例和第一个实例在其他方面完全相同。
实例7
在使用上述的各个实例时,接头(15)接上外置的标测消融控制仪从而向标测消融导管头端的电极提供刺激神经所需的电能和消融神经所需的射频能量。
使用上述任何一个实例的导管的优选方法是先将导管置入腹主动脉,因应机体的肾动脉结构, 和肾动脉与腹主动脉的相对位置而转动第一控制钮(16)从而令引导导管(11)弯曲并更容易进入肾动脉。在进入肾动脉后,向前移动第二控制钮(17,19)使标测消融导管(12)离开引导导管(11),并使标测消融导管(12)头端的电极(22)和肾动脉壁达到良好接触。向电极(22)接触的位置施加电能,从而刺激潜在的神经。同步监测心率、血压和心电图的反应变化。如果血压和心率, 和从心电图得来的心率变异性上升,该刺激部位有潜在的交感神经,是进行消融的优选位置;如果血压, 心率和从心电图得来的心率变异性, 或是心率单独下降,该刺激部位有潜在的副交感神经,应该避免进行消融。确定消融位置后,不再移动标测消融导管(12)的头端,并通过头端上的电极(22)施加射频能量以达到神经消融。进行消融时,同步监测心率、血压和心电图的反应变化,如果射频能量成功施加在交感神经上,血压和心率皆上升。进行消融后,再次向电极接触的位置施加电能,从而刺激潜在的神经;如果血压和心率皆不变,显示潜在神经已成功被消融。转动第三控制钮(18)或第二控制钮(19),从而使标测消融导管转动,并将其头端的电极(22)移向肾动脉壁的另一个位置。根据实际所需,重复向新的电极接触位置进行标测和消融的过程。可标测并消融1-9个点。
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Claims (11)

1.一种用于标测和消融位于肾动脉上所分布的肾神经的装置,包括引导导管、标测消融导管、手柄、和接头,其特征在于:
所述引导导管有一个可控其弯度的前端并且引导导管内有至少一个腔;
所述标测消融导管是置于引导导管的一个腔内并且其头端有一个或多个电极和一个或多个探测装置;
所述标测消融导管有一个有弯度、可伸出或退回引导导管、并能旋转的前端;
所述手柄连接引导导管和标测消融导管并包括一个或多个操控部件,所述操控部件是用于移动引导导管和标测消融导管;
所述接头是用于向电极提供能量的接头。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述手柄进一步包括一个在其末端与引导导管相通的液体导管,所述液体导管是用于控制液体进入或离开引导导管。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述探测装置包括温度探测装置、电阻探测装置。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述标测消融导管和引导导管之间构成控制液体进入或离开的密封机制。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述电极包括可施加电能、射频能量、激光能量、高密度聚焦超声、或低温消融的电极。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述引导导管的远端最软、中间次之、近端最硬;其硬度分布包括邵氏硬度90A到80D。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:保持所述标测消融导管前端的弯度的方式包括:
采用牵引丝固定,将牵引丝一端固定在标测消融导管前端,而另一端固定在手柄中并在牵引丝尾部套入压缩弹簧圈;当标测消融导管前端退回引导导管中,前端受力拉伸牵引丝压缩弹簧圈被压缩;当标测消融导管前端从引导导管中伸出时,头端不受力,压缩弹簧圈自然恢复拉伸牵引丝,形成头部弯曲;
采用事先已进行塑性的记忆性镍钛合金材料,装配后前端可保持塑性后的弯型。
8. 根据权利要求1至7任何一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述操控部件包括一个能令引导导管前端拉弯的控制钮。
9. 根据权利要求1至7任何一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述操控部件包括一个能令标测消融导管前端伸出或退回引导导管的控制钮。
10. 根据权利要求1至7任何一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述操控部件包括一个能令标测消融导管前端旋转的控制钮。
11. 根据权利要求1至7任何一项所述的装置,其特征在于:所述操控部件包括一控制钮, 所述控制钮能令标测消融导管前端伸出或退回引导导管, 也能令标测消融导管前端旋转。
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ES2765011T3 (es) 2020-06-05
WO2013030743A1 (en) 2013-03-07
EP3659537B1 (en) 2023-12-06
KR101862903B1 (ko) 2018-05-30
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AU2012303696B2 (en) 2014-05-29
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US9022948B2 (en) 2015-05-05
EP2747691B1 (en) 2019-10-09
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CN103796604B (zh) 2017-03-01
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US20190076191A1 (en) 2019-03-14
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US10842559B2 (en) 2020-11-24
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US20140213873A1 (en) 2014-07-31
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