CN1951371A - 即时释放片剂 - Google Patents

即时释放片剂 Download PDF

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CN1951371A
CN1951371A CNA2006100996728A CN200610099672A CN1951371A CN 1951371 A CN1951371 A CN 1951371A CN A2006100996728 A CNA2006100996728 A CN A2006100996728A CN 200610099672 A CN200610099672 A CN 200610099672A CN 1951371 A CN1951371 A CN 1951371A
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S·福尔斯曼
C·卡尔松
M·卡尔松
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有pH依赖性溶解度的固体形式的低分子量含肽凝血酶抑制剂的口服即时释放制剂,其特征在于:该制剂含有具有崩解特性并且含量超过35%(w/w)的一种填充剂或填充剂混合物。

Description

即时释放片剂
本申请是申请号为200410038573.X、申请日为1999年8月27日的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种配制为即时释放(IR)片剂的低分子量凝血酶抑制剂的固体剂型及其制备方法。本发明还涉及该制剂在预防和/或治疗血栓栓塞中的医学应用。
发明背景
本发明所用的凝血酶抑制剂是具有pH依赖性溶解度的低分子量药物。其特征在于在碱性pH下溶解度低,而在酸性pH下以质子化的形式溶解度急剧提高。因此,当给予常规IR制剂时,药物在酸性pH下迅速溶解,而在大于中性pH下溶解作用明显减慢。溶解作用中的这种变异性是安全、有效和便捷治疗中所不能接受的。本发明提供一种即时释放制剂,该制剂基于常规制备方法并且仔细选择赋形剂以便提供不依赖或很少依赖pH的溶解度。
业已提出若干不同的方法用于制备即时释放固体剂型。
Lachman(《工业化制药的理论和实践》(The theory and practiveof industrial pharmacy)1986,343,appA)描述了适合IR的两种不同标准颗粒的组合物和制备方法。这两种组合物提供质量极差的颗粒。得到硬度很低的、无法接受的片剂。这些组合物与本发明所用的低分子量凝血酶抑制剂不匹配。片剂不符合在工业指南中对快速溶解药物产品的定义。《基于生物制药分类体系放弃的对含有某些活性基团/活性成分的即时释放固体剂型的体内生物利用度和生物等效性研究》(Waiver of in Vivo Bioavailability and BioequivalensStudies for Immediate Release Solids Dosage Forms ContainingCertain Active Moieties/Active Ingredients Based onBiopharmaceutics Classification System)。片剂必须在30分钟内释放出规定量的85%或更多。
发明内容
发明详述
现已发现,具有pH依赖性溶解度的低分子量含肽凝血酶抑制剂(包括其盐)可以配制为具有不依赖于或很少依赖于pH的溶解度的IR片剂。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供新的含有低分子量含肽凝血酶抑制剂的药物组合物,该组合物被配制为具有不依赖于或很少依赖于pH的溶解度的IR片剂,以及这种制剂的制备方法。
本申请所述的凝血酶抑制剂是指具有pH依赖性溶解度的低分子量含肽凝血酶抑制剂。术语“低分子量含肽凝血醇抑制剂”很容易为该领域普通技术人员所理解,其中包括具有1至4个肽键和/或分子量小于1000的凝血酶抑制剂,并且包括已广泛公开的那些,更优选Claesson发表在其“凝血纤维蛋白(Blood Coagul.Fibrin)”(1994)5,411评述文章中具体所述的那些,以及公开在以下文献中的那些:US专利号4346078;国际专利申请WO97/23499,WO97/02284,WO97/46577,WO98/01422,WO93/05069,WO93/11152,WO95/23609,WO9535309,WO96/25425,WO94/29336,WO93/18060和WO95/01168;和欧洲专利申请623596,648780,468231,559046,641779,185390,526877,542525,195212,362002,364344,530167,293881,686642,669317和601459。
优选的低分子量含肽凝血酶抑制剂包括那些总称为“葛川(gatran)类”的那些。特别可提及的葛川类化合物包括:HOOC-CH2(R)Cha-Pic-Nag-H(称作伊诺葛川(inogatran);参见国际专利申请WO93/11152和本文的缩写目录)和HOOC-CH2-(R)Cgl-Aze-Pab-H(称作美拉葛川(melagatran);参见国际专利申请WO94/29336和本文缩写目录)。
优选的低分子量含肽凝血酶抑制剂选自:伊诺葛川,([2R-[2S]]-N-[2-[2-[[[3-[(氨基亚氨基-甲基)氨基]丙基]羰基]-1-哌啶基]-1-(环己基甲基)-2-氧乙基]-甘氨酸),美拉葛川,([2R-[2S]]-N-[2-[2-[[[[4(氨基亚氨基甲基)苯基]-甲基]氨基]羰基]-1-氮杂环丁烷基]-1-(环己基甲基)-2-氧乙基]-甘氨酸)和化合物A,([S-(R*,S*]]-N-[1-环己基-2-[2-[[[[4(羟基亚氨基)氧基甲基]苯基]甲基]氨基]羰基]-1-氮杂环丁烷基]-2-氧乙基]-甘氨酸乙酯)。
特别优选的低分子量凝血酶抑制剂化合物A可有效治疗血栓栓塞。化合物A公开在国际专利申请WO97/23499。化合物A是具有良好口服生物利用度、低变异性和有限的食物相互作用的低分子量凝血酶抑制剂。迄今为止没有公开过含有这种凝血酶抑制剂的固体剂型。
为了制备使溶解作用不依赖或很少依赖于pH的片剂,化合物A应具有小于300μm,优选小于150μm的粒度,并且优选平均粒度小于80μm。对于其他在碱性pH下具有低溶解度和pH依赖性溶解度的低分子量凝血酶抑制剂,对其粒度的要求取决于低溶解度的水平。
发现通过仔细选择赋形剂,可减少溶解作用对pH的依赖,并且使片剂在30分钟内在酸性和中性环境中的释放量超过85%。这与具有非常依赖于pH的溶解度的化合物A无关。
本发明的制剂含有凝血酶抑制剂、一种填充剂或填充剂的混合物,所述填充剂具有崩解特性(由于溶胀),并且任选地含有非溶胀填充崩解剂、粘合剂和/或润滑剂。
具有崩解特性的填充剂的含量占该制剂的35%(w/w)以上,优选50%(w/w)以上。
一些赋形剂可以发挥多种作用,譬如同时作为填充剂和崩解剂。用量大于35%的赋形剂在本发明中被定义为填充剂,但也可以为制剂提供其他重要特性。即崩解、粘合或润滑。
具有崩解特性的填充剂选自:纤维素(例如微晶纤维素,微细纤维素),淀粉(例如玉米淀粉,淀粉乙醇酸钠、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉)。
非溶胀填充剂选自糖(例如甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、葡萄糖、木糖醇、蔗糖、乳糖)。
崩解剂选自:纤维素(例如微晶纤维素,微细纤维素,交联羧甲基纤维素钠,交联羟丙基纤维素),淀粉(例如淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶凝淀粉、玉米淀粉、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉)和其他(例如交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,阳离子交换树脂)。
所述粘合剂选自:纤维素(例如羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素),聚合物(例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚乙二醇),明胶(例如水解明胶),和传统粘合剂(例如淀粉,天然树胶)。
润滑剂选自:不溶性润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、油类、滑石、硬脂基富马酸钠),和可溶性润滑剂(例如聚乙二醇、苯甲酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠)。
在本发明的制剂中,不同的组分适宜以下列比例存在,以最终片剂的百分重量比(w/w)计。
凝血酶抑制剂:1-35%,优选1-15%。
填充剂:35-90%,优选45-80%,当是微晶纤维素时50-90%,优选60-80%并且首选72-76%,当是非溶胀填充剂时0-50%,当是甘露糖醇时0-15%,优选5-10%。
崩解剂:0-35%,优选7-35%,当是淀粉乙醇酸钠3-20%,优选5-10%。
粘合剂:0-15%,优选4-12%,当是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮时3-15%,优选5-10%。
润滑剂:0-5%,优选0.5-1.5%,当硬脂基富马酸钠0.5-1.5%,优选大于1%。
在本发明中发现,一种含有粒度小于300μm,优选小于150μm并且优选平均粒度小于80μm的活性化合物、填充剂(例如微晶纤维素(50-90%,优选74%)),甘露糖醇(0-15%,优选8.5%)和崩解剂(例如淀粉乙醇酸钠3-20%,优选8.5%)的制剂,该制剂被适当粘合剂(例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K90(3-15%,优选8%))湿润并且与适当润滑剂(例如硬脂基富马酸钠(0.5-1.5%,优选1%))混合,这种制剂可以提供一种具有良好加工性质和很小pH依赖性溶解作用的片剂。
本发明的制剂适宜通过直接压片法或通过湿法制粒技术制备。
直接压片法
将低分子量凝血酶抑制剂与一种或多种填充剂混合,并且如果需要与崩解剂混合。随后将该混合物与润滑剂混合并且压缩成片剂。
湿法制粒
将低分子量凝血酶抑制剂与一种或多种填充剂混合,并且如果必要与崩解剂混合。随后将该混合物用适当溶剂湿润,其中该溶剂中溶解有粘合剂。干燥后,研磨颗粒,进而与润滑剂混合并且压制为片剂。
具体实施方式
工作例
实施例1  本发明片剂的药物溶解作用
凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的IR片剂是通过将化合物A、微晶纤维素、淀粉乙醇酸钠和甘露糖醇混合来制备,并且用适量的、溶解在水中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K90湿润该混合物。干燥后,研磨颗粒,随后用硬脂基富马酸钠混合并且压制为片剂。
                          mg/片
化合物A                   24
微晶纤维素(MCC pH 101)    140
淀粉乙醇酸钠              16
甘露糖醇                  16
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K90         15
水                        适量
硬脂基富马酸钠            2
冲锤                      9mm
片剂重量:                213mg
硬度                      110N
用500ml的2号USP溶解仪(桨式)在100rpm下分析所得片剂中化合物A的溶解作用。所用溶解介质的温度为37℃。采用两种不同的溶解介质,0.1M HCl pH 1和磷酸盐缓冲液pH 6.8(离于强度0.1)。利用UV光谱测定法测定化合物A的释放量。
结果如图1所示。30分钟后,化合物A的溶解量在0.1M HCl中是94%(平均n=3)而在磷酸盐缓冲液pH 6.8中为94%(平均n=3)。
实施例1b  本发明片剂的药物溶解作用
凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的IR片剂是通过将化合物A、微晶纤维素和玉米淀粉混合制备,并且用适量的玉米淀粉(糊)湿润该混合物。干燥后,研磨颗粒,随后用交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮混合。最后与硬脂基富马酸钠混合并且将颗粒压制为片剂。
                           mg/片
化合物A                    30
微晶纤维素(MCC pH 101)     115
玉米淀粉                   55
玉米淀粉(糊)               6
水                         适量
交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮         10
硬脂基富马酸钠             2.2
冲锤                       8.5mm
片剂重量:                 219mg
硬度                       110N
按照实施例1所述方法分析所得片剂中化合物A的溶解作用。结果如图2所示。30分钟后,化合物A的溶解量在0.1M HCl中是100%(平均n=3)而在磷酸盐缓冲液pH 6.8中为97%(平均n=3)。
实施例2本发明片剂的药物溶解作用
Lachman(《工业制药的理论和实践》1986,343,appA)公开了另一种适用于IR片剂的“标准”颗粒的组成和制备方法。按照这种方法通过将化合物A、磷酸三钙混合来制备凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的IR片剂,并且用溶解在水中的预胶凝玉米淀粉湿润该混合物,干燥后,研磨颗粒,随后与微细滑石粉、矿物油混合并且将颗粒压制为片剂。
化合物A     24
磷酸三钙    100
预胶凝淀粉  15
水          适量
滑石        60
轻质矿物油  4
冲锤        9mm
按照实施例1所述方法,分析所得片剂中化合物A的溶解作用。结果如图2所示。30分钟后,化合物A的溶解量在0.1M HCl中是40%(平均n=3)而在磷酸盐缓冲液pH 6.8中为5%(平均n=3)。
实施例3本发明片剂的药物溶解作用
Lachman(《工业制药的理论和实践》1986,343,appA)公开了另一种适用于IR片剂的“标准”颗粒的组成和制备方法。按照这种方法通过将化合物A、乳糖混合来制备凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的IR片剂,并且用溶解在水中的玉米淀粉湿润该混合物。
干燥后,研磨颗粒,随后与干燥淀粉和滑石混合。最后与矿物油混合并且将颗粒压制为片剂。
化合物A       24
乳糖          110
淀粉(糊)      5
淀粉          28
滑石          28
矿物油50cps   11
冲锤          9mm
片剂重量:    206mg
硬度          13N
按照实施例1所述方法,分析所得片剂中化合物A的溶解作用。结果如图3所示。30分钟后,化合物A的溶解量在0.1M HCl中是100%(平均n=3)而在磷酸盐缓冲液pH 6.8中为74%(平均n=3)。
附图简述
图1:如实施例1所述本发明片剂中凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的溶解作用(未给出实施例1b的图)。
图2:如实施例2所述本发明片剂中凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的溶解作用。
图3:如实施例3所述本发明片剂中凝血酶抑制剂化合物A的溶解作用。
结论(实施例)
由实施例显然可以看出,当采用“标准”颗粒时无法获得足够量的产物。加工性质也不好[实施例2和3]和/或在磷酸盐缓冲液pH6.8中不符合工业指南(Guidance for Industry)中对快速溶解药物产品的定义。《基于生物制药分类体系放弃的对含有某些活性基团/活性成分的即时释放固体剂型的体内生物利用度和生物等效性研究》。对于本发明的制剂,在两种介质中均可快速溶解并且加工性质良好。

Claims (18)

1.一种固体形式的口服即时释放制剂,其包含(a)具有pH依赖性溶解度和小于300μm的粒度的低分子量肽凝血酶抑制剂,和(b)含量大于制剂的35%w/w的、微晶纤维素与选自如下的填充剂的混合物:微细纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、预胶凝淀粉、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阳离子交换树脂及其混合物。
2.按照权利要求1的口服即时释放制剂,其中(a)低分子量肽凝血酶抑制剂是[S-(R*,S*)]-N-[1-环己基-2-[2-[[[[4-[(羟基亚氨基)氨基甲基]苯基]甲基]氨基]羰基]-1-氮杂环丁烷基]-2-氧代乙基]-甘氨酸乙酯,其具有pH依赖性溶解度和小于300μm的粒度。
3.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其特征在于该制剂视需要而定,还可以含有糖、崩解剂、粘合剂和/或润滑剂。
4.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其特征在于所述凝血酶抑制剂的粒度小于150μm。
5.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其特征在于所述凝血酶抑制剂的平均粒度小于80μm。
6.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其特征在于微晶纤维素占该制剂的50-90%(w/w)。
7.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其进一步含有粘合剂。
8.按照权利要求7的口服制剂,其中所述粘合剂占该制剂的最多达15%(w/w)。
9.按照权利要求7或8的口服制剂,其中所述粘合剂是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
10.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其特征在于它还含有甘露糖醇。
11.按照权利要求10的口服制剂,其特征在于甘露糖醇占制剂的最多达15%(w/w)。
12.按照权利要求1或2的口服制剂,其中所述的凝血酶抑制剂占该制剂的1-35%(w/w)。
13.权利要求1或2的口服制剂用于治疗。
14.权利要求1或2的口服制剂用于预防和/或治疗血栓栓塞。
15.(a)具有pH依赖性溶解度和小于300μm的粒度的低分子量肽凝血酶抑制剂,和(b)含量大于制剂的35%w/w的、微晶纤维素与选自如下的填充剂的混合物:微细纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、预胶凝淀粉、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阳离子交换树脂及其混合物在制备预防和/或治疗血栓栓塞的医学制剂中的应用。
16.权利要求15的应用,其是(a)具有pH依赖性溶解度和小于300μm的粒度的低分子量肽凝血酶抑制剂[S-(R*,S*)]-N-[1-环己基-2-[2-[[[[4-[(羟基亚氨基)氨基甲基]苯基]甲基]氨基]羰基]-1-氮杂环丁烷基]-2-氧代乙基]-甘氨酸乙酯,,和(b)含量大于制剂的35%w/w的、微晶纤维素与选自如下的填充剂的混合物:微细纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、预胶凝淀粉、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阳离子交换树脂及其混合物在制备预防和/或治疗血栓栓塞的医学制剂中的应用。
17.权利要求1所述口服即时释放制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该制备是通过直接压片或通过湿法制粒技术进行的。
18.含量大于制剂的35%w/w的、选自微细纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、预胶凝淀粉、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阳离子交换树脂及其混合物的填充剂、视需要而定的糖、崩解剂、粘合剂和/或润滑剂在制备口服即时释放制剂中的应用,该口服即时释放制剂含有(a)具有pH依赖性溶解度和小于300μm的粒度的低分子量肽凝血酶抑制剂[S-(R*,S*)]-N-[1-环己基-2-[2-[[[[4-[(羟基亚氨基)氨基甲基]苯基]甲基]氨基]羰基]-1-氮杂环丁烷基]-2-氧代乙基]-甘氨酸乙酯,和(b)含量大于制剂的35%w/w的、微晶纤维素与选自如下的填充剂的混合物:微细纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、预胶凝淀粉、土豆淀粉、米淀粉、小麦淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阳离子交换树脂及其混合物。
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