US20050208128A1 - Immediate release tablet - Google Patents

Immediate release tablet Download PDF

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US20050208128A1
US20050208128A1 US11/095,933 US9593305A US2005208128A1 US 20050208128 A1 US20050208128 A1 US 20050208128A1 US 9593305 A US9593305 A US 9593305A US 2005208128 A1 US2005208128 A1 US 2005208128A1
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formulation according
oral
formulation
thrombin inhibitor
starch
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US11/095,933
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Sigbrit Forsman
Christer Karlsson
Magnus Karlsson
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2009—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/397—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid dosage form of a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor formulated as immediate release (IR) tablets as well as a process for manufacture thereof.
  • IR immediate release
  • the invention also relates to the medical use of the formulation in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of thromboembolism.
  • the thrombin inhibitor, used in the formulation of the present invention is a low molecular weight drug with pH dependent solubility. It is characterised by a low solubility at basic pH which is dramatically increased in the protonated form at acidic pH. Thus, upon administration in conventional IR formulations, fast dissolution of the drug is obtained in acidic pH while markedly slower dissolution is obtained at more neutral pH. This variability in dissolution is not acceptable for safe, efficient and convenient therapy.
  • the present invention provides an immediate release formulation based on conventional manufacturing processes with careful chosen excipients that provides a dissolution which is not, or very little dependent on pH.
  • Lachman (The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 1986, 343, appA) describes the composition and manufacturing of two different standard granulates for IR tablets. These two compositions gave very poor quality of the granulates, which gave unacceptable tablets with very low hardness. These compositions do not work with the low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors used in connection with the present invention.
  • the tablets do not answer to the definition of a rapidly dissolving drug product presented in Guidance for Industry. Waiver of in Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalens Studies for Immediate Release Solids Dosage Forms Containing Certain Active Moieties/Active Ingredients Based on Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Tablets must release 85% or more of stated amount within 30 min.
  • FIG. 1 Dissolution of the thrombin inhibitor Compound A from tablets according to the invention as described in Example 1. (No figure is given for example 1b).
  • FIG. 2 Dissolution of the thrombin inhibitor Compound A from tablets according to the reference as described in Example 2
  • FIG. 3 Dissolution of the thrombin inhibitor Compound A from tablets according to the reference as described in Example 3
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel pharmaceutical formulation comprising a low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitor formulated as an IR-tablet with no or very little pH depending dissolution and a process for the preparation of such formulation.
  • Thrombin inhibitors referred to in this application are low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors with pH dependent solubility.
  • the term “low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors” will be well understood by one skilled in the art to include thrombin inhibitors with one to four peptide linkages, and/or with a molecular weight below 1000, and includes those described generically and, more preferably, specifically in the review paper by Claesson in Blood Coagul. Fibrin. (1994) 5, 411, as well as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
  • Preferred low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors include those known, collectively as the “gatrans”. Particular gatrans which may be mentioned include HOOC—CH 2 (R)Cha-Pic-Nag-H (known as inogatran; see International Patent Application WO 93/11152 and the list of abbreviations therein) and HOOC—CH 2 —(R)Cgl-Aze-Pab-H (known as melagatran; see International Patent Application WO 94/29336 and the list of abbreviations therein).
  • the preferred low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of inogatran, (Glycine, N-[2-[2-[[[3-[(aminoimino-methly) amino]propyl]amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-,[2R-[2S]]-), melagatran, (Glycine, N-[2-[2-[[[[[[[[[4 (aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]-methly]amino]carbonyl]-1-azetidinyl]-1-cyclohexyl-2-oxoethyl]-, [2R-[2S]]-) and compound A, (Glycine, N-[1-cyclohexyl-2-[2-[[[[[4-[(hydroxyimino)aminomethyl]-phenyl]methyl]a
  • the particularly preferred low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor Compound A is effective for the treatment of thrombo-embolism.
  • Compound A is described in the International Patent Application WO 97/23499.
  • Compound A is a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor with good oral-bioavaibility, low variability and limited food interaction. No solid dosage forms containing this thrombin inhibitor have been reported.
  • A In order to produce tablets which provides a dissolution which is not or very little dependent on pH compound A should have a particle size less than 300 ⁇ m, preferably less than 150 ⁇ m and with a preferred mean particle size less than 80 ⁇ m. With other low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor with low solubility at basic pH and pH dependent solubility the requirements on the particle size will depend on the level of low solubility.
  • the formulation according to the invention comprises the thrombin inhibitor, a filler or a combination of fillers, said filler/fillers having disintegrant properties (due to swelling) and, optionally, non swelling filler(s) disintegrant(s), binder(s) and/or lubricant(s).
  • the amount of filler/fillers having disintegrant properties constitutes more than 35% (w/w), preferably more than 50% (w/w) of the formulation.
  • excipients can serve multiple purposes, e.g. be a filler and a disintegrant at the same time.
  • An excipient used in higher amounts than 35% is in the invention defined as a filler but may contribute with other important properties for the formulation e.g. disintegration, binding or lubrication.
  • the filler with disintegrant properties is selected from the group consisting of cellulose per se (such as microcrystalline cellulose), microfine cellulose) starch per se (such as maize starch, sodium starch glycollate, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch).
  • cellulose per se such as microcrystalline cellulose
  • microfine cellulose starch per se such as maize starch, sodium starch glycollate, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch.
  • the nonswelling filler is selected from the group sugars (such as mannitol, sorbitol, dextrose, xylitol, sucrose, laktos).
  • sugars such as mannitol, sorbitol, dextrose, xylitol, sucrose, laktos.
  • the disintegrant is selected from the group consisting of cellulose per se (such as microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked hydroxypropyl cellulose), starch per se (such as sodium starch glycollate, pregelatinised starch, maize starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch) and others (such as cross linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, cationic exchange resin).
  • cellulose per se such as microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked hydroxypropyl cellulose
  • starch per se such as sodium starch glycollate, pregelatinised starch, maize starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch
  • others such as cross linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, cationic exchange resin.
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose per se (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl cellulose), polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol), gelatins (such as hydrolysed gelatin), and traditional binders (such as starch, natural gums).
  • cellulose per se such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl cellulose
  • polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol
  • gelatins such as hydrolysed gelatin
  • traditional binders such as starch, natural gums
  • the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of insoluble lubricants (such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zink stearate, stearic acid, oils, talc, sodium stearyl fumarate), and soluble lubricants (such as polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulphate).
  • insoluble lubricants such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zink stearate, stearic acid, oils, talc, sodium stearyl fumarate
  • soluble lubricants such as polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • the different constituents are preferably included in the following proportions, calculated by per cent w/w of the finished tablet:
  • Thrombin inhibitor 1-35%, preferably 1-15%.
  • Filler 35-90%, preferably 45-80%, when microcrystalline cellulose 50-90%, preferably 60-80% and most preferably 72-76%, when nonswelling filler 0-50% when mannitol 0-15%, preferably 5-10%.
  • Disintegrant 0-35%, preferably 7-35%, when sodium starch glycollate 3-20%, preferably 5-10%.
  • Binder 0-15%, preferably 4-12%, when polyvinylpyrrolidone 3-15%, preferably 5-10%.
  • Lubricant 0-5%, preferably 0.5-1.5%, when sodium stearyl fumarate 0.5-1.5%, preferably above 1%.
  • a formulation comprising the active component with a particle size less than 300 ⁇ m, preferably less than 150 ⁇ m and with a preferred mean particle size less than 80 ⁇ m, fillers (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose (50-90%, preferably 74%), mannitol (0-15%, preferably 8.5%) disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate 3-20%, preferably 8.5%), moistened with with a suitable binder (e.g.
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 (3-15%, preferably 8%) and final mixed with suitable lubricant (e.g: sodium stearyl fumarate (0.5-1.5%, preferably 1%) provided a tablet having good technical properties and a very small pH dependent dissolution.
  • suitable lubricant e.g: sodium stearyl fumarate (0.5-1.5%, preferably 1%) provided a tablet having good technical properties and a very small pH dependent dissolution.
  • the formulations according to the invention can preferably be prepared either by direct compression or by wet granulation technique.
  • a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor is mixed with the filler of fillers and if necessary the disintegrant. This mixture is then mixed with the lubricant and compressed to the tablets.
  • a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor is mixed with the filler of fillers, and if necessary the disintegrant. The mixture is then moistured with a suitable solvent in which the binder may be dissolved. After drying the granulate is milled and then mixed with the lubricant and compressed to tablets
  • IR tablets of the thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared by mixing Compound A microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycollate and mannitol The mixture was moistured with a suitable amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 dissolved in water. After drying, the granulate was milled and then mixed with sodium stearyl fumarate and compressed to tablets.
  • mg/tabl Compound A 24 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC pH 101) 140 Sodium starch glycollate 16 Mannitol 16 Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 15 Water q.s. Sodium stearyl fumarate 2 Punches: 9 mm Tablet weight: 213 mg Hardness: 110 N
  • the obtained tablets were analysed with regard to dissolution of Compound A using a USP dissolution apparatus No. 2 (paddle), 100 rpm, 500 ml.
  • the dissolution medium used had a temperature of 37° C.
  • Two different dissolution medium were used, 0.1 M HCl pH 1 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (ionic strength 0.1).
  • the amount of Compound A released was determined by UV-spectrometry.
  • IR tablets of thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared by mixing Compound A, microcrystalline cellulose and maize starch and the mixture was moistured with a suitable amount of maize starch (paste). After drying the granulate was milled and then mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked. Finally the sodium stearyl fumarate was admixed and the granulate was compressed into tablets. mg/tabl Compound A 30 Microcrystalline cellulose 115 Maize starch 55 Maize starch (paste) 6 Water q.s. Polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked 10 Sodium stearyl fumarate 2.2 Punches: 8.5 mm Tablet weight: 219 mg Hardness: 110 N
  • Lachman (The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 1986,343, appA) describes another composition and manufacturing of a “standard” granulate for an IR tablet.
  • IR tablets of the thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared according to this method by mixing Compound A, tricalcium phosphate and the mixture was moistured with pre-gelatinated maize starch dissolved in water. After drying the granulate was milled and then mixed with talc Finally, the mineral oil was admixed and the granulate was compressed to tablets.
  • Compound A 24 Tricalcium phosphate 100 Pregelatinized starch 15 Water q.s. Talc 60 Mineral oil, light 4 Punches: 9 mm Tablet weight: 198 mg Hardness: 12 N
  • Lachman (The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 1986,343, appA) describes composition and manufacturing of a another “standard” granulate for an IR tablet.
  • IR tablets of thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared according to this method by mixing Compound A, lactose and the mixture was moistured with starch dissolved in water.

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Abstract

A new oral IR formulation in solid form for a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor having pH dependant dissolution, characterized in that the formulation comprises a filler or a combination of fillers having disintegrant properties in an amount higher than 35% w/w of the formulation.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to a solid dosage form of a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor formulated as immediate release (IR) tablets as well as a process for manufacture thereof. The invention also relates to the medical use of the formulation in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of thromboembolism.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The thrombin inhibitor, used in the formulation of the present invention is a low molecular weight drug with pH dependent solubility. It is characterised by a low solubility at basic pH which is dramatically increased in the protonated form at acidic pH. Thus, upon administration in conventional IR formulations, fast dissolution of the drug is obtained in acidic pH while markedly slower dissolution is obtained at more neutral pH. This variability in dissolution is not acceptable for safe, efficient and convenient therapy. The present invention provides an immediate release formulation based on conventional manufacturing processes with careful chosen excipients that provides a dissolution which is not, or very little dependent on pH.
  • Several different ways have been suggested in order to prepare immediate-release solid dosage forms.
  • Lachman (The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 1986, 343, appA) describes the composition and manufacturing of two different standard granulates for IR tablets. These two compositions gave very poor quality of the granulates, which gave unacceptable tablets with very low hardness. These compositions do not work with the low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors used in connection with the present invention. The tablets do not answer to the definition of a rapidly dissolving drug product presented in Guidance for Industry. Waiver of in Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalens Studies for Immediate Release Solids Dosage Forms Containing Certain Active Moieties/Active Ingredients Based on Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Tablets must release 85% or more of stated amount within 30 min.
    • SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • FIG. 1: Dissolution of the thrombin inhibitor Compound A from tablets according to the invention as described in Example 1. (No figure is given for example 1b).
  • FIG. 2: Dissolution of the thrombin inhibitor Compound A from tablets according to the reference as described in Example 2
  • FIG. 3: Dissolution of the thrombin inhibitor Compound A from tablets according to the reference as described in Example 3
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • It has now been found that low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors with pH-dependent solubility—including their salts—can be formulated as IR tablets with no or very little pH depending dissolution.
  • Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel pharmaceutical formulation comprising a low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitor formulated as an IR-tablet with no or very little pH depending dissolution and a process for the preparation of such formulation.
  • Thrombin inhibitors referred to in this application are low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors with pH dependent solubility. The term “low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors” will be well understood by one skilled in the art to include thrombin inhibitors with one to four peptide linkages, and/or with a molecular weight below 1000, and includes those described generically and, more preferably, specifically in the review paper by Claesson in Blood Coagul. Fibrin. (1994) 5, 411, as well as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,078; International Patent Applications WO 97/23499, WO 97/02284, WO97/46577, WO 98/01422, WO 93/05069, WO93/11152, WO 95/23609, WO95/35309, WO 96/25426, WO 94/29336, WO WO 93/18060 and WO 95/01168; and European Patent Applications 623 596, 648 780, 468 231, 559 046, 641 779, 185 390, 526 877, 542 525, 195 212, 362 002, 364 344, 530 167, 293 881, 686 642, 669 317 and 601 459.
  • Preferred low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors include those known, collectively as the “gatrans”. Particular gatrans which may be mentioned include HOOC—CH2(R)Cha-Pic-Nag-H (known as inogatran; see International Patent Application WO 93/11152 and the list of abbreviations therein) and HOOC—CH2—(R)Cgl-Aze-Pab-H (known as melagatran; see International Patent Application WO 94/29336 and the list of abbreviations therein).
  • The preferred low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of inogatran, (Glycine, N-[2-[2-[[[3-[(aminoimino-methly) amino]propyl]amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-,[2R-[2S]]-), melagatran, (Glycine, N-[2-[2-[[[[4 (aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]-methly]amino]carbonyl]-1-azetidinyl]-1-cyclohexyl-2-oxoethyl]-, [2R-[2S]]-) and compound A, (Glycine, N-[1-cyclohexyl-2-[2-[[[[4-[(hydroxyimino)aminomethyl]-phenyl]methyl]amino]carbonyl]-1-azetidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-, ethyl ester, [S-(R*, S*)]-).
  • The particularly preferred low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor Compound A is effective for the treatment of thrombo-embolism. Compound A is described in the International Patent Application WO 97/23499. Compound A is a low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor with good oral-bioavaibility, low variability and limited food interaction. No solid dosage forms containing this thrombin inhibitor have been reported.
  • In order to produce tablets which provides a dissolution which is not or very little dependent on pH compound A should have a particle size less than 300 μm, preferably less than 150 μm and with a preferred mean particle size less than 80 μm. With other low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor with low solubility at basic pH and pH dependent solubility the requirements on the particle size will depend on the level of low solubility.
  • It has been found that by carefully selecting excipients the pH dependent dissolution could be reduced and giving a tablet release of more than 85% within 30 minutes in acidic as well as neutral environment. This in spite of Compound A having an extremely pH dependent solubility.
  • The formulation according to the invention comprises the thrombin inhibitor, a filler or a combination of fillers, said filler/fillers having disintegrant properties (due to swelling) and, optionally, non swelling filler(s) disintegrant(s), binder(s) and/or lubricant(s).
  • The amount of filler/fillers having disintegrant properties constitutes more than 35% (w/w), preferably more than 50% (w/w) of the formulation.
  • Some excipients can serve multiple purposes, e.g. be a filler and a disintegrant at the same time. An excipient used in higher amounts than 35% is in the invention defined as a filler but may contribute with other important properties for the formulation e.g. disintegration, binding or lubrication.
  • The filler with disintegrant properties is selected from the group consisting of cellulose per se (such as microcrystalline cellulose), microfine cellulose) starch per se (such as maize starch, sodium starch glycollate, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch).
  • The nonswelling filler is selected from the group sugars (such as mannitol, sorbitol, dextrose, xylitol, sucrose, laktos).
  • The disintegrant is selected from the group consisting of cellulose per se (such as microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked hydroxypropyl cellulose), starch per se (such as sodium starch glycollate, pregelatinised starch, maize starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch) and others (such as cross linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, cationic exchange resin).
  • The binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose per se (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl cellulose), polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol), gelatins (such as hydrolysed gelatin), and traditional binders (such as starch, natural gums).
  • The lubricant is selected from the group consisting of insoluble lubricants (such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zink stearate, stearic acid, oils, talc, sodium stearyl fumarate), and soluble lubricants (such as polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulphate).
  • In the formulation according to the invention the different constituents are preferably included in the following proportions, calculated by per cent w/w of the finished tablet:
  • Thrombin inhibitor: 1-35%, preferably 1-15%.
  • Filler: 35-90%, preferably 45-80%, when microcrystalline cellulose 50-90%, preferably 60-80% and most preferably 72-76%, when nonswelling filler 0-50% when mannitol 0-15%, preferably 5-10%.
  • Disintegrant: 0-35%, preferably 7-35%, when sodium starch glycollate 3-20%, preferably 5-10%.
  • Binder: 0-15%, preferably 4-12%, when polyvinylpyrrolidone 3-15%, preferably 5-10%.
  • Lubricant: 0-5%, preferably 0.5-1.5%, when sodium stearyl fumarate 0.5-1.5%, preferably above 1%.
  • In the invention it was found that a formulation comprising the active component with a particle size less than 300 μm, preferably less than 150 μm and with a preferred mean particle size less than 80 μm, fillers (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose (50-90%, preferably 74%), mannitol (0-15%, preferably 8.5%) disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate 3-20%, preferably 8.5%), moistened with with a suitable binder (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 (3-15%, preferably 8%) and final mixed with suitable lubricant (e.g: sodium stearyl fumarate (0.5-1.5%, preferably 1%) provided a tablet having good technical properties and a very small pH dependent dissolution.
  • The formulations according to the invention can preferably be prepared either by direct compression or by wet granulation technique.
  • Direct compression
  • A low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor is mixed with the filler of fillers and if necessary the disintegrant. This mixture is then mixed with the lubricant and compressed to the tablets.
  • Wet granulation
  • A low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor is mixed with the filler of fillers, and if necessary the disintegrant. The mixture is then moistured with a suitable solvent in which the binder may be dissolved. After drying the granulate is milled and then mixed with the lubricant and compressed to tablets
    • WORKING EXAMPLES Example 1 Drug Dissolution from Tablets According to the Invention
  • IR tablets of the thrombin inhibitor, Compound A, were prepared by mixing Compound A microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycollate and mannitol The mixture was moistured with a suitable amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 dissolved in water. After drying, the granulate was milled and then mixed with sodium stearyl fumarate and compressed to tablets.
    mg/tabl
    Compound A 24
    Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC pH 101) 140
    Sodium starch glycollate 16
    Mannitol 16
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 15
    Water q.s.
    Sodium stearyl fumarate 2
    Punches: 9 mm
    Tablet weight: 213 mg
    Hardness: 110 N
  • The obtained tablets were analysed with regard to dissolution of Compound A using a USP dissolution apparatus No. 2 (paddle), 100 rpm, 500 ml. The dissolution medium used had a temperature of 37° C. Two different dissolution medium were used, 0.1 M HCl pH 1 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (ionic strength 0.1). The amount of Compound A released was determined by UV-spectrometry.
  • Results are shown in FIG. 1. After 30 minutes the amount of Compound A dissolved was 94% (average n=3) in 0.1 M HCl and 94% (average n=3) in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.
    • Example 1b Drug Dissolution from Tablets According to the Invention
  • IR tablets of thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared by mixing Compound A, microcrystalline cellulose and maize starch and the mixture was moistured with a suitable amount of maize starch (paste). After drying the granulate was milled and then mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked. Finally the sodium stearyl fumarate was admixed and the granulate was compressed into tablets.
    mg/tabl
    Compound A
    30
    Microcrystalline cellulose 115
    Maize starch 55
    Maize starch (paste) 6
    Water q.s.
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked 10
    Sodium stearyl fumarate 2.2
    Punches: 8.5 mm
    Tablet weight: 219 mg
    Hardness: 110 N
  • The obtained tablets were analysed for dissolution of Compound A according to the method described in Example 1. Results are shown in FIG. 2. After 30 minutes the amount of Compound A dissolved was 100% (average n=3) in 0.1 M HCl and 97% (average n=3) in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.
    • Example 2 Drug Dissolution from Tablets According to the Reference
  • Lachman ((The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 1986,343, appA) describes another composition and manufacturing of a “standard” granulate for an IR tablet. IR tablets of the thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared according to this method by mixing Compound A, tricalcium phosphate and the mixture was moistured with pre-gelatinated maize starch dissolved in water. After drying the granulate was milled and then mixed with talc Finally, the mineral oil was admixed and the granulate was compressed to tablets.
    Compound A 24
    Tricalcium phosphate 100
    Pregelatinized starch 15
    Water q.s.
    Talc 60
    Mineral oil, light 4
    Punches: 9 mm
    Tablet weight: 198 mg
    Hardness: 12 N
  • The obtained tablets were analysed for dissolution of Compound A according to the method described in Example 1. Results are shown in FIG. 2. After 30 minutes the amount of Compound A dissolved was 40% (average n=3) in 0.1 M HCl and 5% (average n=3) in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.
    • Example 3 Drug Dissolution from Tablets According to the Reference
  • Lachman (The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy 1986,343, appA) describes composition and manufacturing of a another “standard” granulate for an IR tablet. IR tablets of thrombin inhibitor, Compound A were prepared according to this method by mixing Compound A, lactose and the mixture was moistured with starch dissolved in water.
  • After drying the granulate was milled and then mixed with dry starch and talc. Finally the mineral oil was admixed and the granulate was compressed to tablets.
    Compound A 24
    Lactose 110
    Starch(paste) 5
    Starch 28
    Talc 28
    Mineral oil 50 cps 11
    Punches: 9 mm
    Tablet weight 206 mg
    Hardness: 13 N
  • The obtained tablets were analysed for dissolution of Compound A according to the method described in Example 1. Results are shown in FIG. 3. After 30 minutes the amount of Compound A dissolved was 100% (average n=3) in 0.1 M HCl and 74% (average n=3) in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.
    • CONCLUSION (EXAMPLES)
  • From the Examples it is obvious that a sufficient quality of the product is not achieved when using a “standard” granulate. Either the technical properties are bad [Example 2 and 3,] and/or the dissolution in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 does not meet the definition of a rapidly dissolving drug product in Guidance for Industry. Waiver of in Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalens Studies for Immediate Release Solids Dosage Forms Containing Certain Active Moieties/Active Ingredients Based on Biopharmaceutics Classification System. With the formulation according to the invention the dissolution is fast in both medias and the technical properties are excellent.

Claims (16)

1. An oral immediate release formulation in solid form, comprising:
(a) a low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitor having pH dependent solubility and a particle size of less than 300 μm, wherein the thrombin inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of inogatran, melagatran and (glycine, N-[1-cyclohexyl-2-[2-[[[[4-[(hydroxyimino)aminomethyl]-phenyl]methyl]amino]carbonyl]-1-azetidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-, ethyl ester, [S-(R*,S*)]-), and
(b) a filler or a combination of fillers selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked hydroxypropyl cellulose, pregelatinized starch, maize starch, potato starch, rice starch and wheat starch in an amount higher than 35% w/w of the formulation.
2. The oral formulation according to claim 1, wherein the formulation optionally contains a sugar, a disintegrant, a binder and/or a lubricant.
3. The oral formulation according to claim 1, wherein the thrombin inhibitor has a particle size of less than 150 μm.
4. The oral formulation according to claim 1, further comprising mannitol.
5. The oral formulation according to claim 1, wherein microcrystalline cellulose constitutes 50-90% (w/w) of the formulation.
6. The oral formulation according to claim 4, mannitol constitutes 0-15% (w/w) of the formulation.
7. The oral formulation according to claim 1, wherein the thrombin inhibitor is (glycine, N-[1-cyclohexyl-2-[2-[[[[4-[(hydroxyimino)aminomethyl]-phenyl]methyl]amino]carbonyl]-1-azetidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-, ethyl ester, [S-(R*,S*)]-).
8-12. (canceled)
13. The oral formulation according to claim 1, wherein the thrombin inhibitor has a particle size of less than 80 μm.
14. The oral formulation according to claim 1, further comprising a binder.
15. The oral formulation according to claim 14, wherein the binder constitutes up to 15% (w/w) of the formulation.
16. The oral formulation according to claim 14, wherein the binder is a polyvinylpyrrolidone.
17. The oral formulation according to claim 1, wherein the thrombin inhibitor constitutes 1-35% (w/w) of the formulation.
18. A process for the preparation of the oral immediate release pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, comprising preparing the formulation by direct compression or by wet granulation techniques.
19. A method for the treatment of thromboembolism comprising administering, to a mammal in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of an oral immediate release formulation according to claim 1.
20. A method for inhibiting thrombin in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an oral immediate release formulation according to claim 1.
US11/095,933 1998-09-03 2005-03-31 Immediate release tablet Abandoned US20050208128A1 (en)

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PCT/SE1999/001471 WO2000013671A1 (en) 1998-09-03 1999-08-27 Immediate release tablet
US10/347,968 US6875446B2 (en) 1998-09-03 2003-01-21 Method for prophylaxis and/or treatment of thromboembolism
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