CN1929824B - 包含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的软明胶胶囊 - Google Patents

包含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的软明胶胶囊 Download PDF

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CN1929824B
CN1929824B CN2005800046998A CN200580004699A CN1929824B CN 1929824 B CN1929824 B CN 1929824B CN 2005800046998 A CN2005800046998 A CN 2005800046998A CN 200580004699 A CN200580004699 A CN 200580004699A CN 1929824 B CN1929824 B CN 1929824B
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让-皮埃尔·萨谢托
罗利·巴夫顿
托马斯·布塞
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Abstract

包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受衍生物的药物配方包含在软明胶胶囊中,该软明胶胶囊的特征在于胶囊包含由包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶。与包含同一配方、但包含由包括碱预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶的软明胶胶囊相比,本发明的一个优点是:本发明不随时间推移而明显地硬化,因此具有较长的贮藏期限。

Description

包含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的软明胶胶囊
技术领域
本发明涉及软明胶胶囊,具体而言,涉及包含药物配方的胶囊,所述药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受的衍生物。
背景技术
明胶是高分子量水溶性蛋白质的不均匀混合物,提取自多种胶原来源,例如牛骨和兽皮、猪皮或鱼皮。概括地说,有两种类型的明胶,A型明胶和B型明胶,依据提取办法而定。
根据“明胶加工”(US National Organic Standards Board Technical advisoryPanel Review;1st March 2002),A型明胶在酸预处理过程之后提取,猪明胶通常用这种方式提取。猪皮经去毛、脱脂,得到的皮肤通过切碎机或浸渍机切成均匀大小。随后将皮肤在pH 1-4的食品级无机酸中浸透8-30小时,所述无机酸例如盐酸、磷酸或硫酸。随后用水清洗酸处理的猪皮除去杂质并用热水提取。提取物通过阴-阳离子交换柱过滤以降低灰分或矿物水平。明胶提取物经过真空浓缩或超滤达到浓度为15-35%,过滤,将pH调节至3.5-6,并蒸发至50%固体。将剩余物冷却、挤压、干燥和磨碎至所需大小,然后包装。用酸在明胶提取之前预处理牛骨胶原(去除矿物的骨)也是已知的,尽管牛骨胶原通常用碱预处理。
B型明胶在碱预处理过程之后提取,牛明胶通常用这种方式提取(同上)。骨经碾碎、煮、离心和干燥。提取的骨在明胶提取之前脱脂,并用4-6%盐酸去除矿物5-7天。用水反复清洗骨胶原以除去杂质,随后在35-70天期间用1-4%石灰(氢氧化钙)浆在搅拌下将pH调节至约12,并且每周更换石灰以去除非胶原成分。随后清洗骨胶原,加入无机酸中和过量的石灰并将pH调节至3。所有清洗操作之后的最终pH为5-7。随后用去除矿物的热水提取明胶。液体明胶溶液可以通过纤维素/硅藻土板框式压滤机过滤,并用阴阳离子树脂床去离子化。将树脂溶液蒸发至浓度为15-45%。将浓缩的明胶过滤,调节pH至5-7,灭菌,冷却并风干。随后磨碎至所需大小并包装。碱法可以继续20周。
例如,明胶用于包封各种食品和营养补品,但尤其用于治疗多种疾病的口服药物。明胶中可以加入增塑剂例如甘油来生产软明胶胶囊。甲醛和其它醛类可以用于硬化明胶胶囊并使它们能够穿过胃进入肠。绝大多数软明胶胶囊由B型明胶生产,例如由牛明胶生产。
公知ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸例如5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(或“EPA”)或4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(或“DHA”)在治疗炎性肠病(或“IBD”)中是有用的(例如见EP-A-0244832、EP-A-0289204、EP-A-0311091和WO-A-93/21912,其公开内容通过引用并入本文)。WO-A-96/36329(Buser et al;1996年11月21日公布)公开了IBD的疗法,包括口服包含含有EPA和DHA混合物的配方的硬明胶胶囊。每个胶囊用EudragitTM NE30-D覆膜,EudragitTM NE30-D是包含平均分子量约800,000的聚(丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)的肠溶材料。胶囊经过胃,随后崩解并在小肠中释放内容物。结果显示,可以通过口服这种包覆的胶囊预防局限性回肠炎的临床复发。
US-A-2870062(Scherer et al;1959年1月20日公布)中公开了“标准明胶胶囊”与包封在其中的潮解的或吸湿的化学品接触时崩解,所述化学品例如是液体非离子型去污剂、强酸和碱的盐、氯化胆碱和水合氯醛。US-A-2870062公开了由特别选择的低粘性、高喷霜力的明胶制成的胶囊的用途,所述明胶由酸处理的骨前体制备。这种胶囊当与潮解的或吸湿的化学品接触时不显示崩解。
在EP-A-0100052(Yu;1984年2月8日公布)中公开了包含PGE型前列腺素脂肪酸组合物的软明胶胶囊。比较的研究看来似乎显示,由B型明胶制造的软明胶胶囊加速前列腺素组合物的降解,然而由A型明胶制造的软明胶胶囊保持溶解前列腺素脂肪酸的溶剂的稳定作用。
在US-B-6234464(Krumbholz et al;2001年5月22日公布)中公开了微胶囊包封的不饱和脂肪酸或脂肪酸化合物或其混合物。微胶囊壁包含两层。内层由骨明胶(明胶A或明胶B)、酪蛋白或藻酸盐或其衍生物或盐组成,外层由明胶B、阿拉伯树胶、果胶或脱乙酰壳多糖或其衍生物或盐组成。不饱和脂肪酸可以是ω-3脂肪酸或其乙酯或甘油酯。US-B-6234464列举了微胶囊包封的95%EPA乙酯,其中每个微胶囊的壁包含明胶A/阿拉伯树胶、明胶A/果胶或明胶A/明胶B的内/外层组合。
发明内容
发明人已经发现,在特定条件下,由B型明胶制造并包含含有ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的药物配方的软明胶胶囊可以随着时间的推移而硬化,甚至在明胶中存在增塑剂条件下也是如此,推断硬化是由于ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸配方和明胶自身的化学相互作用。这种硬化作用可以缩短胶囊的贮藏期限,当口服硬化的胶囊时,在胶囊崩解和药物配方释放之前,胶囊不仅经过胃,而且经过小肠,甚至经过大肠的相当大一部分。如果服用该胶囊作为IBD治疗,则ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸配方在小肠外的释放在此治疗中无效。因此,本发明优选实施方案的目的是提供包含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的软明胶胶囊,当与包含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸配方的现有软明胶胶囊比较时,其显示减少的硬化速率,因此具有更长的贮藏期限。
软明胶胶囊在体内的崩解不仅通过在水介质中的溶解而发生,而且通过蛋白酶对明胶的作用而发生。然而,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和明胶之间的化学相互作用是不受控制的,可以持续产品的整个贮藏期限。此外,胶囊上的包衣通常阻碍蛋白酶的作用,从而降低它们的效力。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供包含含有游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(“PUFA”)或其药理学上可接受衍生物的药物配方的软明胶胶囊,其特征在于,胶囊包含由包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶。
这种类型的软明胶胶囊的一个优点是,硬化速率明显小于包含由包括碱预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶的现有软明胶胶囊(包含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸配方)。减低的硬化速率转化成胶囊的更长贮藏期限。进一步的优点是,可以不使用牛骨和牛皮制成的明胶。近年来,已经关注关于海绵状脑病例如牛海绵状脑病(或“BSE”)传播到人类的可能性。A型明胶,或通过包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶,通常由猪皮制成,因此,使用这种明胶来生产软明胶胶囊避免了从牛B型明胶感染BSE的风险。
硬化速率的降低是惊人的和意外的,因为猪明胶(通常是A型明胶)和牛明胶(通常是B型明胶)具有基本上相同的化学结构,其特征在于两种类型明胶的氨基酸残基基本一致。因此,本领域技术人员不会意料到两种类型的明胶与同样的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸有不同的相互作用。
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸优选地以游离酸形式存在。然而,也可以使用药理学上可接受的衍生物。适当的衍生物的实例包括甘油三酸酯、酯(例如乙酯)、酰胺、复合体(例如与胆汁盐、胆固醇或脱乙酰壳多糖)和盐(例如钠或钾盐)。在优选的实施方案中,配方基本上由游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受衍生物组成,但通常还包含添加剂,例如抗氧化剂,如α-生育酚。
优选地,配方包含5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(或“EPA”)。EPA存在的量为配方的至少约50重量%,优选地为约50重量%-约60重量%,尽管也可以期望EPA存在的量为配方的至少约90重量%,用于特定的应用和/或将能提供治疗有效剂量的需要服用的胶囊数目降至最少。
配方可以包含4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(或“DHA”)。DHA存在的量为配方的约20重量%-约30重量%。
软明胶胶囊优选地包含约100mg-约2000mg的所述配方。目前,优选胶囊的两个实施方案,第一个实施方案包含约500mg的所述配方,例如计划用于儿童,第二个实施方案包含约1000mg的所述配方,计划用于成人。
使用的明胶优选是选自猪明胶、牛明胶和鱼明胶的至少一种,只要明胶是通过包括酸预处理相关胶原源的提取方法提取的。也可以使用这些明胶的混合物。
本发明的每个软明胶胶囊的壁通常只由一层组成。
本发明的软明胶胶囊可以用在治疗或预防慢性炎症,如炎性肠病、局限性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣或贝赫切特综合症;高脂血症或高甘油三酯血症;哮喘;躁郁症和肿瘤性疾病,例如前列腺癌或肠癌。在某些优选的实施方案中,软明胶胶囊用于治疗和防止IBD或局限性回肠炎。此外,胶囊可以用于防止手术之后局限性回肠炎的复发。
如果肠道外给药,免疫抑制剂(例如氨甲喋呤或环孢菌素)或抗肿瘤药(例如氨甲喋呤)通常具有不利的全身副作用。GB0413729.5(2004年6月18日提交)描述了PUFA或其药理学上可接受的盐或衍生物与免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药的至少一种结合在生产治疗肠病的药物上的用途,所述药含有至少一个氨基酸残基或其药理学上可接受的盐或衍生物。GB0413730.3(2004年6月18日提交)描述了PUFA或其药理学上可接受的盐或衍生物与免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药或其药理学上可接受的盐或衍生物的至少一种结合在生产局部治疗肠病的药物上的用途。PUFA在GB0413730.3和GB0413729.5中公开的用途中的作用是提高免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药的口服生物利用度,以便可以服用少量药并减少副作用。GB0413729.5和GB0413730.3中的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
本发明的软明胶胶囊可以用于提供PUFA以达到对免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药的这种节约作用,免疫抑制剂例如氨甲喋呤、环孢菌素、放线菌素、6-巯基嘌呤、环磷酰胺、麦考酚酸酯、赛尼哌、莫罗莫那、强的松龙、西罗莫司、地塞米松、雷帕霉素、FK506、咪唑立宾、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司和英夫单抗,抗肿瘤药例如氨甲喋呤、放线菌素、氟尿嘧啶、博莱霉素、依托泊苷、紫杉醇、长春新碱、阿霉素、顺氯氨铂、道诺红菌素和VP-16。
EP-A-1054678公开了PUFA作为类固醇节约剂的用途。本发明的软明胶胶囊能够用于提供PUFA以节约类固醇,例如布地缩松或强的松龙。EP-A-1054678中的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
胶囊优选将配方的释放延迟到经过胃之后。释放优选地经过胰管发生在十二指肠中,更优选地发生在回肠中。优选地,释放不应该发生在中-空肠之后。pH5.5时,释放典型地滞后于口服至少30分钟,优选30-60分钟。配方的释放在胶囊壁的完整性损害之后开始,即,在明胶壁溶解或穿孔之后开始。如果由于胶囊变成多孔发生释放,那么释放也可以持续,其是有利的,尤其对治疗IBD或局限性回肠炎。
可以通过使用至少一种肠溶材料包覆胶囊来延迟释放,所述肠溶材料以时间依赖和/或pH依赖方式耐溶解。作为替代方案或附加方案,至少一种这种肠溶材料结合在胶囊的明胶中。优选地,使用依赖时间而不是依赖pH释放的包衣材料。优选的肠溶材料是中性聚丙烯酸酯,例如聚(丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯),尤其是平均分子量约为800,000的Eudragit NE30-D(R
Figure 058046998_0
hm Pharma GmbH),其是依赖时间而不是依赖pH释放的包衣材料的实例。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了由包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶在生产用于口服治疗或预防选自慢性炎症、高脂血症、高甘油三酯血症、哮喘、躁郁症和肿瘤性疾病的病症的药物中的用途,所述药物包含至少一种第一方面定义的软明胶胶囊。该药物在治疗或预防炎性肠病(“IBD”)或局限性回肠炎上有特殊用途。该药物可以包含至少一种软明胶胶囊,其具有上述任何优选的特性的任何适当组合。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了生产包含药物配方的软明胶胶囊的方法,其中药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受的衍生物,所述方法包括在明胶中包封所述药物配方,其中明胶通过包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取。
根据本发明的第四方面,提供了软明胶胶囊中的、由包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶用于提高软明胶胶囊对与配方化学相互作用的耐受性的用途,所述软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受衍生物。优选地,所述耐受性大于另一种软明胶胶囊的耐受性,所述另一种软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受衍生物,其中明胶基本上由通过包括碱预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶组成。
根据本发明的第五方面,提供了软明胶胶囊中的、由包括酸预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶用于增加软明胶胶囊的贮藏期限的用途,所述软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受衍生物。优选地,所述贮藏期限长于另一种软明胶胶囊的贮藏期限,所述另一种软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受衍生物,其中明胶基本上由通过包括碱预处理胶原源的提取方法提取的明胶组成。
软明胶胶囊可以用于治疗或预防IBD,尤其是局限性回肠炎。在这种治疗或上面列出的其它治疗中,配方的日剂量将由负责患者的医生指定并依赖诸如年龄的很多因素。通常,每天向患者施用约1g-约8g配方,尤其对治疗IBD或局限性回肠炎。可以施用多个根据本发明第一方面的软明胶胶囊。每天施用的胶囊总数目依据每个胶囊中的配方量。因此,例如,每天4g的配方剂量可以8个500mg胶囊或4个1000mg胶囊的形式用药,每天8g的配方剂量可以8个1000mg胶囊的形式用药。
根据本发明的第六方面,提供了治疗或预防选自慢性炎症、高脂血症、高甘油三酯血症、哮喘、躁郁症和肿瘤性疾病的病症的方法,该方法包括每天施用多个根据本发明第一方面的软明胶胶囊形式的治疗有效量的药物配方,所述药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸或其药理学上可接受的盐。在待治疗或预防的病症是IBD或局限性回肠炎时,治疗有效量通常为约1g-约8g。胶囊可以具有上述任何优选的特性的任何适当组合。
具体实施方式
下面只是以实施例方式对本发明的目前优选的实施方案的描述。
A型明胶胶囊是用已知方式形成并同时用ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸配方填充。A型猪明胶粉末与水和增塑剂混合,随后加热形成融化的明胶物质。产生两条薄的熔融明胶带状物并通过决定胶囊形状的两个塑模辊之间。刚好在塑模辊通过施加热和压力将胶囊密封在一起之前,将配方注入两条明胶带状物中。得到的胶囊随后干燥至所需水分含量。
比较这种方式生产的A型明胶胶囊的稳定性和用同样方法生产的B型明胶胶囊的稳定性。在不同周期(3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月)和不同温度(25℃、30℃和40℃)储存两批次的胶囊,随后在37℃根据欧洲药典测量在纯水中胶囊的崩解时间。结果如表1所示。
表1
胶囊 储存温度(℃) 0月 3个月 6个月 9个月 12个月
B型明胶(牛)
  25   7分钟   9分钟   9分钟   6分钟   10分钟
  30   7分钟   9分钟   20分钟   n.p.   不可溶
  40   7分钟   不可溶   不可溶   n.p.   n.p.
  A型明胶(猪)
  25   6分钟   6分钟   7分钟   6分钟   7分钟
  30   6分钟   7分钟   8分钟   n.p.   10分钟
  40   6分钟   8分钟   10分钟   n.p.   n.p.
如果要有效释放软明胶胶囊的内容物,软明胶胶囊崩解时间不应超过30分钟。因此,如果胶囊在30分钟之内没有崩解,就认为是“不可溶”。术语“n.p.”表示测试“未进行”。
结果显示,对于在给定温度储存的B型(牛)明胶胶囊,当储存时间增加时崩解时间通常增加。此外,对于储存给定时间的B型(牛)明胶胶囊,当储存温度升高时崩解时间通常增加。这些结果与ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和B型明胶化学相互作用使胶囊壁硬化相一致。
相反,当储存时间增加或储存温度升高时,A型(猪)明胶胶囊的崩解时间基本上不增加。这些结果显示A型(猪)明胶胶囊硬化的程度明显小于B型(牛)明胶胶囊。具体而言,引起注意的是在30℃储存12个月和在40℃储存3个月和6个月的B型(牛)明胶胶囊的崩解结果,这些胶囊被归类于“不可溶”,而相应的A型(猪)明胶胶囊仅仅用10分钟即溶解。
应该理解,本发明不局限于优选的实施方案的上述细节,在不背离下面的权利要求定义的本发明实质或范围情况下可以有很多改进和变换方式。

Claims (22)

1.一种包含药物配方的软明胶胶囊,所述药物配方至少包含游离酸形式的5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸或“EPA”,其特征在于:所述软明胶胶囊的明胶是A型明胶。
2.根据权利要求1的软明胶胶囊,其中EPA存在的量为配方的至少约50重量%。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中EPA存在的量为配方的约50重量%-约60重量%。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中EPA存在的量为配方的至少约90重量%。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述配方包含4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸或“DHA”。
6.根据权利要求5的软明胶胶囊,其中DHA存在的量为配方的约20重量%-约30重量%。
7.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其包含约100mg-约2000mg的所述配方。
8.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其包含约500mg的所述配方。
9.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其包含约1000mg的所述配方。
10.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述A型明胶是猪明胶。
11.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述A型明胶是牛明胶。
12.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述A型明胶是鱼明胶。
13.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述胶囊壁由单层组成。
14.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述胶囊将配方的释放延迟到经过胃之后。
15.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的软明胶胶囊,其中所述胶囊将配方的释放延迟到经过胰管之后而发生在十二指肠中。
16.根据权利要求14的软明胶胶囊,其中所述胶囊被至少一种肠溶材料包覆。
17.根据权利要求14的软明胶胶囊,其中至少一种肠溶材料结合在胶囊的明胶中。
18.根据权利要求16的软明胶胶囊,其中肠溶材料或至少一种肠溶材料是中性聚丙烯酸酯聚合物。
19.根据权利要求16的软明胶胶囊,其中肠溶材料或至少一种肠溶材料是聚(丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)。
20.游离酸形式的至少EPA在生产用于口服治疗或预防选自慢性炎症、高脂血症、高甘油三酯血症、哮喘、躁郁症和肿瘤性疾病的病症的药物中的用途,所述药物包含至少一种软明胶胶囊,软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少EPA,其特征在于:所述软明胶胶囊的明胶是A型明胶。
21.一种生产包含药物配方的软明胶胶囊的方法,所述药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少EPA,所述方法包括将所述药物配方包封在A型明胶中。
22.A型明胶作为软明胶胶囊中的明胶用于增加软明胶胶囊的贮藏期限的用途,所述软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少EPA,其中所述贮藏期限长于另一种软明胶胶囊的贮藏期限,所述另一种软明胶胶囊所含的药物配方包含游离酸形式的至少EPA,其中该胶囊的明胶基本上由B型明胶组成。
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