CN1926118A - 二聚的小分子细胞凋亡增强剂 - Google Patents
二聚的小分子细胞凋亡增强剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1926118A CN1926118A CNA2005800066953A CN200580006695A CN1926118A CN 1926118 A CN1926118 A CN 1926118A CN A2005800066953 A CNA2005800066953 A CN A2005800066953A CN 200580006695 A CN200580006695 A CN 200580006695A CN 1926118 A CN1926118 A CN 1926118A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及活性的二聚Smac模拟肽,其通式为M1-L-M2,其中片断M1和M2为Smac模拟肽单体,L为使活性二聚体中的M1和M2共价连接的连接基团,该二聚模拟肽可促进Caspase活性和凋亡。目标癌症或者炎症细胞与有效量的所述活性二聚Smac模拟肽接触,并检测到目标细胞的凋亡增加。该接触步骤可通过给药包含治疗有效量的所述二聚模拟肽的药物组合物来实施,其中患者可同时或者在此之前接受放射或者化疗以治疗新增殖性疾病。
Description
发明人:Patrick G.Harran,Xiaodong Wang,JefK.De Brabander,Lin Li,Ranny MathewThomas,以及Hidetaka Suzuki,所有人均来自Dallas,TX。
受让人:Texas System大学董事会。
本工作受美国健康研究所资助,题目号P01 CA9547101,美国政府在本专利申请书所涉及的所有专利中可享有权利。
本专利申请书对于2004年3月1日申请的US 60/549,520要求优先权。
引言
发明领域
本发明领域为二聚的小分子细胞凋亡增强剂。
发明背景
在所有多细胞组织的发育和自体调节中,细胞凋亡起到关键性作用。细胞凋亡受到不正常抑制是癌症以及自身免疫性疾病发生的标志,而细胞凋亡的过度活化则暗示着神经退行性疾病如阿耳茨海默氏病的出现。促细胞凋亡的化疗药物是一种新的临床上克服抗药性的手段,例如参见:Makin等人,Cell Tissue Res 2000 Jul;301(1):143-52(“Apoptosis and cancer chemotherapy(细胞凋亡与肿瘤的化学治疗)”)。
细胞凋亡机制在物种间是保守的,由一连串被称为caspase的蛋白酶顺序活化所执行。这些caspase一旦被活化就开始对目标细胞进行广谱的酶解,最终导致细胞死亡。IAP(凋亡抑制剂蛋白)通过抑制caspase调节细胞凋亡,被称为Smac(secondmitochondria-derived activator of caspases)的蛋白结合IAP并抑制其活性,由此促进了caspase的活化。由Smac的N-端衍生出的多肽及模拟肽也表现出类似的IAP抑制活性,并能够促进caspase活化。IAP是TNFR(肿瘤坏死因子受体)的成分,因此IAP抑制剂可以改变TNFR信号传导,将NfkB介导的促炎症信号转变成为抗炎症凋亡信号。
相关文献
Liu等人,Structural basis for binding of Smac/DIABLO to the XIAP BIR3 domain;Nature 2000 Dec 21-28;408(6815):1004-8.
Wu等人,Structural basisof IAP recognition by Smac/DIABLO;Nature 2000 Dec21-28;408(6815):1008-12.
Fesik等人,Peptides derived from smac(DIABLO)and methods of using them toscreen for apoptosis modulating compounds;WO 2002030959.
McLendon等人,IAP binding peptides and assays for identifying compounds thatbind IAP;WO 2002096930.
Shi,Compositions and methods for regulating apoptosis;WO 2002026775.
Debatin等人,Smac-peptides as therapeutics against cancer and autoimmune diseasesby sensitizing for TRAIL-or anticancer drug-induced apoptosis;WO 2003086470.
Alnemri,Conserved sequence of XIAP-binding motif in human caspase-9 andSmac/DIABLO and therapeutic uses for screening modulators of apoptosis;WO2003010184.
Arnt等人,Synthetic Smac/DIABLO peptides enhance the effects ofchemotherapeutic agents by binding XIAP and cIAP1 in situ;J Biol Chem.2002 Novl5;277(46):44236-43.Epub 2002 Sep 05.
IAP binding peptide or polypeptide and methods of using the same;第20020132786号美国专利申请公开.
第20020160975号美国专利申请公开,Conserved XIAP-interaction motif incaspase-9 and Smac/DIABLO for mediating apoptosis.
第20020177557号美国专利申请公开,Compositions and method for regulatingapoptosis.
第6,608,026号美国专利,Wang等人,Apoptotic Compounds;
Li等人,Targeting and amplification of immune killing of tumor cells bypro-Smac,Int J Cancer.2004 Mar 10;109(1):85-94.
发明简述
我们偶然发现,与现有的单体相比,二聚体形式的Smac肽以及模拟肽的促细胞凋亡活性得到明显的改善。这些二聚体类似地结合胞质IAP,并且减弱它们的caspase抑制作用,但是在此方面具有超常的效力。我们认为它们与IAP蛋白内的BIR(杆状病毒抑制性重复序列)结构域的邻近重复序列结合,而且这种双向识别对其活性具有决定性作用:相应的单体在细胞提取液中活性明显偏低(即活性低10000倍)。事实上我们的实验数据证明这些二聚体的作用是催化性的,将未结合的IAP导入泛素/蛋白酶体降解途径中。这些二聚体与TRAIL(肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体)协同作用,诱导培养的神经胶质瘤细胞发生细胞凋亡,其典型作用浓度为pmol级。这些化合物为癌症,特别是通过IAP蛋白过度表达对抗程序性细胞死亡的肿瘤,提供了新的辅助化疗药物。
如优选实施方案所述,我们开发出了一系列新型的二聚型分子,这些化合物模拟了Smac的内源性功能,而且活性明显优于现有的Smac模拟肽。这些化合物是稳定的,耐受蛋白酶的,并且能够自由地透过细胞膜,这些分子没有细胞毒性。此前尚无类似化合物被描述。虽然有人试图将Smac衍生肽以及肽-载体构建体(peptide-carrier construct)用于类似用途,由于其生理化学性质的原因,这些现有技术中的化合物被严格限制,而且其效力比本发明的化合物低,呈数量级差异。
因此,本发明提出了促进病变细胞发生细胞凋亡的方法和组合物,在这些方法和组合物中采用了促细胞凋亡的二聚Smac模拟肽。通用的方法包括以下步骤:将细胞与有效量的,具有活性的二聚Smac模拟肽接触,典型地,此后直接、间接或推论性地检测所出现的目标细胞凋亡增加。二聚体的活性可以由IAP结合力、procaspase-3活化作用或凋亡促进效果等指标加以确定。
在优选的实施方案中,细胞原位存在于一个个体中,对该个体给药包含治疗有效剂量的所述模拟肽的组合物,由此实现接触步骤,其中该个体可能与此同时或之前接受用于治疗新增殖性(neoproliferative)疾病的射线或化学治疗。在一个具体的实施方案中,病变细胞是肿瘤细胞,例如,选自以下组中的肿瘤:恶性胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、卵巢癌、肾癌、肝细胞瘤、黑素瘤、淋巴瘤和肉瘤。在其它实施方案中,目标细胞是促炎症细胞或炎症和/或自体免疫疾病组织的细胞。多种疾病,包括类风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、哮喘、狼疮、炎性肠疾病(克罗恩氏病及相关疾病)、多发性硬化病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、炎性肠和骨盆疾病、过敏性鼻炎(花粉热)、心血管疾病等,均能提供致病性目标炎症。
本发明的组合物包含药用组合物,其中含有单剂量形式的,治疗有效量的活性二聚Smac模拟肽以及药学可接受的载体。在一些实施方案中,除模拟肽以外,这些组合物还包含其它治疗药物,如抗新增殖性疾病的化疗药物。
本发明还提供制备和筛选活性二聚Smac模拟肽的方法。例如,通用的筛选试验以下步骤:由单体模拟肽生成二聚Smac模拟肽,以单体前体作比较,通过如IAP结合力、procaspase-3活化作用或凋亡促进效果等指标检测所得二聚体的活性提高。
本发明的模拟肽包括多种具有活性的二聚Smac模拟肽,其通式为M1-L-M2,其中片断M1和M2为Smac模拟肽单体,L为使活性二聚体中的M1和M2共价连接的连接基团。M1和M2分别为Smac模拟肽单体,特别是促细胞凋亡的模拟肽,尤其是AVP型和AV型类肽(peptoid)的模拟肽,例如参见:WO 2002030959;WO2002096930;WO 2002026775;WO 2003086470;WO 2003010184;第20020177557、20020132786、20020160975号美国专利申请公开;第6,608,026号美国专利等,并且包括这些专利所公开的或所引用的各种不同的模拟肽结构。
连接基团L用于共价偶联二聚体结构中的M1和M2,与未偶联的单体相比,使得促细胞凋亡的活性提高,同时连接基团L也与本发明所公开的二聚体用途相适应(如生理学相容性和稳定性)。可以采用多种连接基团,具体的连接基团根据经验易于分析。连接基团L通常是一个连续的链,其中含有2至200个原子,优选含有4至100个原子,更优选含有4至25个原子,其分子量(MW)在20至2KD之间,优选为40至1KD,更优选为56至1KD。L可以是左右对称的或非对称的,可以连接不同的、异构的或相同的M1和M2,典型地,其跨度大约在3至3KA之间,优选为约6至2000A,更优选为约12至1000A。示例性的,非界定性的适用连接基团将在下文中作进一步描述。
在一个具体的实施方案中,本发明提出了一种由式II所代表的二聚化合物或其药学可接受的盐:
式II
其中:
R1和R1’选自氢原子,任选取代的甲基,和羟基;
R2和R2’选自任选取代的甲基和任选取代的乙基;
R3和R3’选自CH2,NH,O和S;
R4和R4’选自CH和N;
R5-R8以及R5’-R8’选自氢原子,任选杂的、任选取代的烷基,任选杂的、任选取代的烯基,任选杂的、任选取代的炔基,任选杂的、任选取代的芳基,
L为将R2、R5、R6或R7和R2’、R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接的连接基团。
在多种具体的实施方案中包含了各种组合,其中:
R1和R1’选自氢原子和甲基;
R2和R2’选自甲基和乙基;
R3和R3’为NH;
R4和R4’为CH;
R5和R5’为C1-C3烷基;以及
R6/R6’和R7/R7’或者R7/R7’或R8/R8’相互连接构成5至8元环;更具体地,R1和R1’选自氢原子和甲基;R2和R2’选自甲基和乙基;R3和R3’为NH;R4和R4’为CH;R5和R5’为C1-C3烷基;L将R5、R6或R7与R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接。
在更为具体的实施方案中包含了各种组合,其中:
R1/R1’和R2/R2’连接构成4元环(吖啶环);
R7和R8连接构成5或6元环;
R6和R7连接构成5或6元环,特别地,R6和R7连接构成5元环;L将该环与R2’、R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接;
R8包含5或6元环,特别地,R8包含5元环,其中包含至少一个杂原子、至少一个取代基、以及至少一个不饱和基团。
在具体的实施方案中,L是一个连续的链,其中含有4至100个原子,其分子量在40至1KD之间,是一个任选杂的、任选取代的二炔基。在具体的实施方案中,连接基团相对于连接基团左右对称;在具体的实施方案中,二聚体本身左右对称。
本发明还提供药用组合物,其包含本发明的化合物和药学可接受的赋形剂,特别地,这些组合物包含单位剂量的本发明化合物,特别地,这些组合物与使用说明书共同包装,该说明书描述了所述组合物在治疗在多种肿瘤和炎症中所见的与IAP活性偏高和/或caspase或细胞凋亡活性偏低有关的疾病中的使用方法。
因此,本发明提供治疗与caspase活性异常有关的疾病的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:给药有效剂量的本发明化合物和组合物,可以随后检测用药所致的,与疾病有关的病理学改善,还可以在给药步骤之前诊断所述疾病和/或开具所述组合物的处方。适用的疾病包括肿瘤或炎症。
本发明还提供抑制caspase活性的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将一种含有caspase的组合物和有效量的本发明的化合物和组合物进行接触,可以随后检测所得的caspase活性改的变。
具体实施方案
以下有关具体实施方案和实施例的描述均为示例性的,本身不具有界定性质。除表述不当或另有说明外,在这些描述以及整个专利说明书中,术语“a”或“an”指一个或多个,术语“or”指和/或,多聚核苷酸序列被理解为也包括其反链以及本专利所描述的其它骨架。
本发明中“杂原子”包含氧(O)原子、氮(N)原子、硫(S)原子和硅(Si)原子。
除另有说明外,不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“烷基”指完全饱和的,具有指定碳原子数目(即C1-C8指含1至8个碳原子)的直链、支链或环状烃基。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、第二丁基、环己基、环己基甲基、环丙基甲基及其高级同系物或异构体,如正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基等。
不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“烯基”指不饱和或多不饱和的,具有指定碳原子数目(即C2-C8指含2至8个碳原子)和一个或多个双键的直链、支链或环状烃基。烯基的实例包括乙烯基、2-丙烯基、巴豆基、2-异戊烯基、2-(丁二烯)基、2,4-戊二烯基、3-(1,4-戊二烯)基及其高级同系物或异构体。
不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“炔基”指不饱和或多不饱和的,具有指定碳原子数目(即C2-C8指含2至8个碳原子)和一个或多个三键的直链、支链或环状烃基。炔基的实例包括乙炔基、1-或3-丙炔基、3-丁炔基及其高级同系物或异构体。
不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“亚烷基”指源自烷基的二价基团,其实例有-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-。典型地,本发明中烷基(或亚烷基)具有1至24个碳原子,优选为具有10个或更少的碳原子。“低级烷基”或“低级亚烷基”指较短的烷基或亚烷基,通常含有8个或更少的碳原子。
本发明中“烷氧基”、“烷氨基”和“烷硫基(硫代烷氧基)”与常规概念相同,指分别通过氧原子、氨基或硫原子与分子的其它部分连接的烷基。
除另有说明外,不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“杂烷基”指直链、支链或环状烃基,其中含有指定数目的碳原子和1至3个选自O、N、Si和S的杂原子。其中N和S原子可任选被氧化,N原子可以被任选季铵化。杂原子O、N和S可以位于杂烷基内部的任何位置。杂原子Si可位于杂烷基任何位置,包括烷基与分子其它部分进行连接的位点。其实例包括-CH2-CH2-O-CH3,-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3,-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)-CH3,-CH2-S-CH2-CH3,-CH2-CH2-S(O)-CH3,-CH2-CH2-S(O)2-CH3,-CH=CH-O-CH3,-Si(CH3)3,-CH2-CH=N-OCH3以及-CH=CH-N(CH3)-CH3。两个杂原子可以相邻,如-CH2-NH-OCH3和-CH2-O-Si(CH3)3。
类似地,不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“杂亚烷基”指源自杂烷基的二价基团,如-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-和-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-。在杂亚烷基中,杂原子可占据基团的一端互两端(如亚烷氧基、亚烷二氧基、亚烷氨基、亚烷二氨基等)。此外,作为连接基团的亚烷基和杂亚烷基是没有取向性的。
除另有说明外,不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“环烷基”和“杂环烷基”指环状“烷基”和“杂烷基”。因此,环烷基含有指定数目的碳原子(即C3-C8指3至8个碳原子),也可以含有一个或二个双键。杂环烷基含有指定数目的碳原子和1至3个选自O、N、Si和S的杂原子。其中N和S原子可任选被氧化,N原子可以被任选季铵化。此外,在杂环烷基中,杂原子可以占据杂环烷基与分子其它部分进行连接的位点。环烷基的实例有环戊基、环己基、1-环己烯基、3-环己烯基、环庚基等。杂环烷基的实例有1-(1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶基)、1-哌啶基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基、4-吗啉基、3-吗啉基、四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃-3-基、四氢噻吩-2-基、四氢噻吩-3-基、1-哌嗪基、2-哌嗪基等。
除另有说明外,不论指其本身或作为其它取代基的一部分,“卤代”或“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘原子。此外,“卤代烷基”指被卤原子取代的烷基,卤原子可以相同或不同,数目为1至(2m′+1)个,其中m′为烷基的总碳原子数。例如,“(C1-C4)卤代烷基”包括三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、4-氯丁基、3-溴丙基等。因此,“卤代烷基”包括单卤代烷基(被一个卤原子取代的烷基)和多卤代烷基(被2至(2m′+1)个卤原子取代的烷基,其中m′为烷基的总碳原子数)。
除另有说明外,全卤代烷基指被(2m′+1)个卤原子取代的烷基,其中m′为烷基的总碳原子数。例如,“(C1-C4)全卤代烷基”包括三氟甲基、五氯乙基、1,1,1-三氟-2-溴-2-氯乙基等。
“酰基”指将有机酸中的羟基去除所衍生出的基团。因此,举例而言,酰基包括乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、癸酰基、新戊酰基、苯甲酰基等。
除另有说明外,“芳基”指多不饱和的,典型具有芳香性的烃基,可以为单环或多环(多达三个环),环之间可以是稠合的或共价连接的。芳基的非界定性的实例包括苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、4-联苯基、以及1,2,3,4-四氢萘基。
“杂芳基”指含有0至4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的芳基(或芳环),其中N和S原子可任选被氧化,N原子可以被任选季铵化。杂芳基可以通过杂原子与分子的其它部分相连接。杂芳基的非界定性实例包括1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-吡唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、吡嗪基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、2-苯基-4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基、5-异噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、2-苯并咪唑基、5-吲哚基、1-异喹啉基、5-异喹啉基、2-喹喔啉基、5-喹喔啉基、3-喹啉基、6-喹啉基。
为简明起见,当与其它术语联合使用时(如芳氧基、硫代芳氧基、芳烷基),“芳基”包括以上定义的芳基和杂芳基。因此,“芳烷基”指芳基与烷基连接的基团(如苄基、苯乙基、吡啶甲基等),其中烷基部分的碳原子(如亚甲基)可以被氧原子等取代(如苯氧甲基、2-吡啶氧基甲基、3-(1-萘氧基)丙基等)。
以上术语(如“烷基”、“杂烷基”、“芳基”和“杂芳基”)包括指定基团的取代和未取代形式。各类型基团的优选取代基列举如下。
烷基和杂烷基(以及亚烷基、烯基、杂亚烷基、杂烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环烷基、环烯基、杂环烯基)的取代基可广泛地选自:-OR′、=O、=NR′、=N-OR′、-NR′R″、-SR′、卤素、-SiR′R″R、-OC(O)R′、-C(O)R′、-CO2R′、-CONR′R″、-OC(O)NR′R″、-NR″C(O)R′、-NR′-C(O)NR″R、-NR′-SO2NR、-NR″CO2R′、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR′C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR′、-S(O)R′、-SO2R′、-SO2NR′R″、-NR″SO2R、-CN和-NO2,取代基的数目为0至3个,优选的取代基数目为0、1或2个。R′、R″和R相互独立地为氢原子,未取代的C1-C8烷基和杂烷基,未取代的芳基,由1至3个卤原子取代的芳基,未取代的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基,或芳基-C1-C4烷基。当R′和R″与相同氮原子相连时,它们可相互连接,与氮原子一起构成五、六或七元环。例如,-NR′R″包括1-吡咯烷基和4-吗啉基。典型地,烷基或杂烷基具有0至3个取代基,优选为具有2个或更少的取代基。更优选地,烷基或杂烷基为未取代的或单取代的。最优选地,烷基或杂烷基为未取代的。通过以上关于取代基的讨论,本领域的技术人员应当认识到术语“烷基”的含义包含带有取代基的基团,如卤原子三取代的烷基(如-CF3和-CH2CF3)。
优选的烷基或杂烷基的取代基选自OR′、=O、-NR′R″、-SR′、卤素、-SiR′R″R、-OC(O)R′、-C(O)R′、-CO2R′、-CONR′R″、-OC(O)NR′R″、-NR″C(O)R′、-NR″CO2R′、-NR′-SO2NR″R、-S(O)R′、-SO2R′、-SO2NR′R″、-NR″SO2R、-CN和-NO2,其中R′和R″如上所述。更为优选的取代基选自-OR′、=O、-NR′R″、卤素、-OC(O)R′、-CO2R′、-CONR′R″、-OC(O)NR′R″、-NR″C(O)R′、-NR″CO2R′、-NR′-SO2NR″R、-SO2R′、-SO2NR′R″、-NR″SO2R、-CN和-NO2。
类似地,优选的芳基或杂芳基的取代基品种多样,选自卤素、-OR′、-OC(O)R′、-NR′R″、-SR′、-R′、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R′、-CONR′R″、-C(O)R′、-OC(O)NR′R″、-NR″C(O)R′、-NR″CO2R′、-NR′-C(O)NR″R、-NR′-SO2NR″R、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR′C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR′、-S(O)R′、-SO2R′、-SO2NR′R″、-NR″SO2R、-N3、-CH(Ph)2、全氟代C1-C4烷氧基、全氟代C1-C4烷基、取代基的数目为0至芳环中未取代位点的总和,其中R′、R″和R相互独立地为氢原子、未取代的C1-C8烷基和杂烷基、未取代的芳基和杂芳基、(未取代的芳基)取代的C1-C4烷基和未取代的芳氧基)取代的C1-C4烷基。当芳基为1,2,3,4-四氢萘时,它可以被取代或未取代的C3-C7螺环烷基取代。C3-C7螺环烷基可以按本发明“环烷基”中所定义的取代方式进行取代。典型地,芳基或杂芳基具有0至3个取代基,优选为具有2个或更少的取代基。在本发明的一个实施方案中,芳基或杂芳基是未取代的或单取代的。在另一个实施方案中,芳基或杂芳基是未取代。
优选的芳基或杂芳基的取代基选自卤素、-OR′、-OC(O)R′、-NR′R″、-SR′、-R′、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R′、-CONR′R″、-C(O)R′、-OC(O)NR′R″、-NR″C(O)R′、-S(O)R′、-SO2R′、-SO2NR′R″、-NR″SO2R、-N3、-CH(Ph)2、全氟代C1-C4烷氧基和全氟代C1-C4烷基。其中R′和R″与上述相同。更优选的取代基选自卤素、-OR′、-OC(O)R′、-NR′R″、-R′、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R′、-CONR′R″、-NR″C(O)R′、-SO2R′、-SO2NR′R″、-NR″SO2R、全氟代C1-C4烷氧基和全氟代C1-C4烷基。
本发明的取代基-CO2H包括其生物电子等排体,例如参见:The Practice ofMedicinal Chemistry;Wennuth,C.G.,Ed.;Academic Press:New York,1996;p.203。
芳基或杂芳基环中相邻原子上的两个取代基可被基团-T-C(O)-(CH2)q-U-任选取代,其中T和U各自独立地分别为-NH-、-O-、-CH2-或单键,q为选自0至2的整数。此外,芳基或杂芳基环中相邻原子上的两个取代基可被基团-A-(CH2)r-B-取代,其中A和B各自独立地分别为-CH2-、-O-、-NH-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)2NR′-或单键,r为选自1至3的整数。所构成的新环中的一个单键可以被双键任意替代。此外,芳基或杂芳基环中相邻原子上的两个取代基可被基团-(CH2)s-X-(CH2)t-取代,其中s和t各自独立,分别为选自0至3的整数。X为-O-、-NR′-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-或-S(O)2NR′-。-NR′-和-S(O)2NR′-中的取代基R′选自氢原子或未取代的C1-C6烷基。
术语“药学可接受盐”指依据本发明化合物中的取代基而定,采用相对无毒的酸或碱制备出的活性化合物的盐。当本发明的化合物带有相对酸性的官能团时,将游离形式的化合物与足够用量的所需碱反应,构成碱加成盐,可以在适当惰性溶剂中或不使用溶剂进行反应。药学可接受的碱加成盐的实例包括钠盐,钾盐,钙盐,铵盐,有机胺盐或镁盐等。当本发明的化合物带有相对碱性的官能团时,将游离形式的化合物与足够用量的所需酸反应,构成酸加成盐,药学可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括由无机酸衍生的盐,如盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硝酸盐,碳酸盐,碳酸氢盐,磷酸盐,磷酸氢盐,磷酸二氢盐,硫酸盐,硫酸氢盐,氢碘酸盐,亚磷酸盐等,以及由相对无毒的有机酸衍生的盐,如乙酸盐,丙酸盐,异丁酸盐,草酸盐,马来酸盐,丙二酸盐,苯甲酸盐,琥珀酸盐,辛二酸盐,富马酸盐,扁桃酸盐,苯二甲酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,柠檬酸盐,酒石酸盐,甲磺酸盐等。也可以是氨基酸,如精氨酸的盐,或有机酸,如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等的盐(参见,如Berge等人(1977)J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19)。本发明的某些化合物同时具有碱性或酸性官能团,可以将这些化合物转化成碱加成盐或酸加成盐。
可以将盐与碱或酸反应,重新生成游离形式的化合物,并采用常规方法纯化母体化合物。虽然母体化合物的某些物理性质,如极性溶剂中的溶解度与盐不同,但就本发明的目的而言,母体化合物和盐是等价的。
除采取盐的形式外,本发明提出了采取前药形式的化合物。本发明化合物的前药指在生理条件下容易发生化学转化,生成本发明化合物的化合物。此外,在体外环境中,采用化学或生物化学的方法也可以将前药转化成本发明的化合物。例如,在一个透皮给药的药贴储库中,通过适当的酶或化学药剂将前药缓慢转化成本发明的化合物。前药常常被使用,这是因为在某些场合下,它们比母体药物更易于给药。例如,与母体药物相比,其生物利用度更好。前药也可以改进母体药物在药用组合物中的溶解度。本领域中已知有多种作为前药的衍生物,如根据水解或氧化机理活化的前药。此处不作界定,前药的一个实例可以是这样一种化合物,它采取酯的形式(前药),通过代谢途径水解成羧酸并恢复全部活性。其它的实例包括本发明化合物的多肽衍生物。
本发明化合物可以采取未溶剂化的形式或溶剂化,包括水合的形式。一般而言,溶剂化的形式等价于未溶剂化的形式,并涵盖在本发明的范围以内。本发明化合物可以采取多晶或无定形的形式。一般地,对于本发明的用途而言,所有物理形式都是等价的,并涵盖在本发明的范围以内。
本发明的某些化合物具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键,其外消旋体,非对映异构体,几何异构体和各个异构体均涵盖在本发明的范围以内。
本发明化合物中的一个或多个原子可以具有非天然的同位素比例。例如,化合物被放射性同位素,如氚(3H)、碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C)所标记。本发明化合物的所有同位素变化,不论其是否具有放射性,均涵盖在本发明的范围以内。
术语“治疗有效量”指本发明化合物在组织、系统、动物或人体内引发生物学或药物反应所需的用量,可以由研究者、兽医、医师或其它临床工作者加以确定。术语“治疗有效量”包括这样一些用量,当给药化合物时,足以防止所治疗疾病的一种或多种症状发展,或缓解至某种程度所需的用量。治疗有效量依赖于化合物、疾病以及患病程度、所治疗哺乳动物的年龄、体重等因素而定。
在一个具体的实施方案中,本发明提出了一种二聚化合物M1-L-M2,其中M1和M2相互独立地分别为式I所示的片断,二者间由连接基团L通过R2、R5、R6或R7共价连接:
式I
该具体实施方案的特征还在于一种式II所示的二聚化合物,
式II
包括所有的组合或其药学可接受的盐,其中:
R1和R1’选自氢原子,任选取代的甲基,和羟基;
R2和R2’选自任选取代的甲基和任选取代的乙基;
R3和R3’选自CH2,NH,O和S;
R4和R4’选自CH和N;
R5-R8以及R5’-R8’选自氢原子,任选杂的、任选取代的烷基,任选杂的、任选取代的链烯基,任选杂的、任选取代的炔基,任选杂的、任选取代的芳基,以及
L为将R2、R5、R6或R7和R2’、R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接的连接基团。
一个或多个相应的R和R’基团可以相同或不同。多种具体的实施方案包括所有的组合,其中:
R1和R1’选自氢原子和甲基;
R2和R2’选自乙基和优选的甲基;
R3和R3’为选自CH2,O和优选的NH;
R4和R4’为CH;
R5和R5’为C1-C3烷基;以及
R6/R6’和R7/R7’或者R7/R7’或R8/R8’相互连接构成5至8元环。
在更具体的实施方案中,R1和R1’选自氢原子和甲基;R2和R2’选自甲基和乙基;R3和R3’为NH;R4和R4’为CH;R5和R5’为C1-C3烷基;L将R5、R6或R7和R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接。
更为具体的实施方案包括所有的组合,其中:
R1/R1’和R2/R2’连接构成4元环(吖啶环);
R7和R8连接构成5或6元环;
R6和R7连接构成5或6元环,特别地,R6和R7连接构成5元环;L将该环与R2’、R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接;
R8包含5或6元环,特别地,R8包含5元环,其中包含至少一个杂原子、至少一个取代基、和至少一个不饱和基团。
在具体的实施方案中,L是一个连续的链,其含有4至100个原子,其分子量在40至1KD之间,是一个任选杂的、任选取代的二炔基。在具体的实施方案中,该连接基团左右对称;并且在更为具体的实施方案中,二聚体本身是对称的,即连接基团左右对称,而M1和M2是异构体(相应的R和R′是相同的)。
在一个的实施方案中,L被氨基化片断,特别是氨基酸,如赖氨酸或精氨酸或其biostere所取代,或者是一个含有氨基化片断,特别是氨基酸,如赖氨酸或精氨酸或其biostere的连续链,其中所述氨基可以质子化或烷基化,产生正电荷,使得化合物成为一个三胺,具有三个潜在的能够与BIR结构域相结合的位点(例如参见示例性二聚体)。
本发明的这些以及其它实施方案可以在题目为“示例性二聚体”、“示例性单体”和“实验过程”的段落中找到或被列举。
本发明还提供药用组合物,其包含本发明的化合物和药学可接受的赋形剂,特别地,这些组合物包含单位剂量的本发明化合物,特别地,这些组合物与使用说明书共同包装,说明书中描述了组合物在治疗在多种肿瘤和炎症中所见的与IAP活性偏高和/或caspase或细胞凋亡活性偏低有关的疾病中的使用方法。
因此,本发明提供治疗与caspase活性异常有关的疾病的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:给药有效剂量的本发明化合物和组合物,随后可检测用药所致的与疾病有关的病理学改善,还可在给药步骤之前诊断所述疾病和/或开具所述组合物之处方。适用的疾病包括肿瘤或炎症。
本发明还提供抑制caspase活性的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将一种含有caspase的组合物和有效量的本发明的化合物和组合物进行接触,随后可检测所得的caspase活性的改变。
示例性的模拟肽不具有界定作用。模拟肽化学是一个完善的研究领域,采用常规化学手段,本领域技术人员可以轻易地制备出多种模拟肽(例如参见:Liao等人(1998)J.Med.Chem 41,4767-4776;Andrade-Gordon et al.(1999)PNAS USA96,12257-12262;Boatman等人(1999)J.Med.Chem.42,1367-1375;Kasher等人(1999)J.Mol.Biol 292,421-429;US专利5,981,467等),而且这些模拟肽开发的策略也适用于本发明,只要所得的模拟肽经筛选后被确定具有本发明所需的活性即可。
模拟肽的合成方法在本领域中已为人所熟知。在Chemistry and Biochemistry of氨基Acids,Peptides and Proteins,A Survey of Recellt Developments,Weinstein,B.ed.,Marcell Deldcer,Inc.,publ.New York(1983)中列出了一些制备多肽、多肽类似物或衍生物的通用方法。可采用多种已为人所熟知的方法合成模拟肽,例如参见:R.Zuckermann等人的亚单体(submonomer)法,J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1992)0114:10646-7。US专利5,958,792中描述了有机杂环化合物的固相合成技术,其中采用N-取代的甘氨酸单体构建骨架,对所得有机杂环化合物的混合物的组合库进行筛选,按如下所述的方法评价其IAP抑制活性。将亚单体方法与强效溶液相化学相结合,可以在固相载体上合成高度取代的环状结构。在亚单体方法中,首先合成线性骨架,然后进行分子间或分子内环合,由此构成具有一个、二个、三个或更多个稠合环的环状化合物,这种方法在US专利5,958,792中也有描述。示例性模拟肽的通用合成方法分类如下:
采用手性α-羟基酸作为构建块制备α-聚酯。可以采用本领域技术人员所熟知化学合成方法制备α-聚酯结构。反应细节参见Brewster,P.等人,Nature,(1990)166:179。Chan,P.C.和Chong,J.M.,Tetrahedron Lett.(1990)1985中描述了另外一个制备类似结构的方法。此外,该文献所引用的参考文献中描述了手性α-羟基酸的合成方法。
采用手性α-氨基酸作为构建块制备聚硫代酰胺。可以采用Clausen,K.等人,J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.I(1984)785和Tetrahedron Lett.(1990)31:23中所描述的方法制备聚硫代酰胺结构。
采用手性α-氨基酸作为构建块制备Poly羟基mate。可以采用Kolasa,T.和Chimiak,A.,Tetrahedron(1977)33:3285中所描述的方法制备Poly羟基mate。该文献所引用的参考文献中描述了用于模拟肽合成的N-羟基氨基酸的合成。
采用手性β-羟基酸作为构建块制备β-聚酯。可以采用Elliott,J.D.等人,Tetrahedron Lett.(1985)26:2535和Tetrahedron Lett.(1974)15:1333中所描述的方法制备β-聚酯。
采用手性β-氨基磺酸作为构建块制备聚磺酰胺。可以采用US专利6,075,121中所描述的方法制备聚磺酰胺。手性β-氨基酸在Kokotos,G.,Synthesis(1990)299中有描述。
采用手性β-氨基磺酸作为构建块制备N-烷基化聚磺酰胺。类似地,可以采用US专利6,075,121中所描述的方法制备这些聚磺酰胺。
采用手性β-氨基磺酸作为构建块制备聚脲。可以采用Shiori,T.等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1972)94:6302和Scholtz,J.,and Bartlett,P.,Synthesis(1989)542中所描述的方法制备聚脲。
采用手性β-氨基醇作为构建块制备聚氨酯。可以采用US专利6,075,121中所描述的方法制备聚氨酯。N-取代的甘氨酸类似物在本领域中已为人所熟知,可以采用已知方法进行合成,例如参见:Sempuku等人,JP 58/150,562(Chem Abs(1984)100:68019b);Richard等人,U.S.专利4,684,483;Pulwer等人,EPO 187,130。
某些N-取代的甘氨酸类似物已有商品来源。例如N-苄基甘氨酸乙酯可以从Aldrich Chemical Co.(Milwaukee,Wis.)购得。采用KOH/MeOH将该化合物水解,HCl酸化后可得N-苄基甘氨酸。在高pH(约为10)的条件下,在含水二氧六环中用Fmoc-Cl处理,由此进行Fmoc(芴甲氧羰基)保护。
可以采用简单的化学方法合成其它的N-取代的甘氨酸。将过量2-甲基丙胺与卤代乙酸反应合成N-异丁基甘氨酸。
将过量1,2-二氨基乙烷与卤代乙酸反应制备N-(2-氨乙基)甘氨酸,此后采用乙酸作流动相洗脱在Dowex-l(OH型)上进行纯化。在pH=11.2条件下,采用常规方法对未保护的氨基作t-丁氧羰基(t-Boc)保护,此后用Fmoc对仲胺基进行保护。
将过量2-氨基乙醇与卤代乙酸反应制备N-(2-羟基乙基)甘氨酸,此后采用乙酸作流动相洗脱在Dowex-l(OH型)上进行纯化。然后将氨基的氮原子用Fmoc保护,此后在酸性条件下采用甲醇对羧基进行酯化。然后使甲酯与异丁烯反应生成叔丁醚。接下来在pH=8.0的磷酸缓冲液中用猪肝酯酶水解该甲酯,得到适于模拟肽合成的经保护的N-取代甘氨酸类似物。此外,还可以在DMF和咪唑中采用叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷处理Fmoc-羟乙基甘氨酸,得到硅烷基保护的醇。
在含水溶液中将甘氨酸叔丁酯与2-卤代乙酸反应制备N-(羧甲基)甘氨酸,该产品可直接用Fmoc保护。此外,也可以在pH 6的条件下,于氢气氛中将甘氨酸叔丁酯、乙醛酸和钯碳混合制备N-(羧甲基)甘氨酸,然后采用常规方法对化合物进行Fmoc保护。
单体合成完成后,可以采用标准的多肽化学方法将该单体和其它单体和/或常规氨基酸偶联构成类似物。例如,在适当溶剂中,于碱性条件(如pH 9)下将Fmoc-保护的单体(N-取代甘氨酸或常规氨基酸)与苯并三唑-1-基氧基-三(二甲基氨基)六氟磷酸鏻(BOP)或碳二酰亚胺(如二环己基碳二酰亚胺)反应,将其固定于适当的树脂(如HMP)上。哌啶处理去除Fmoc保护基。此后采用BOP或碳二酰亚胺顺序连接其它单体,直至全部序列被构建。采用三氟乙酸(TFA)进行处理,将合成完成的分子链从树脂上脱除并脱保护。
此外,可以将N-取代的甘氨酸类似物连接到通过其它方法如通过基因重组表达或天然提取制备的模拟肽的末端。此外,可以将模拟肽在所需位置上裂解,连接N-取代的甘氨酸类似物,然后再连接分子的其余部分或化学合成的替代片断,由此将N-取代的甘氨酸类似物插入到这些模拟肽的序列中。
用于给药的组合物可以采取散装的液体溶液或混悬剂的形式。但是更为普遍的作法是将组合物制成单元剂量形式以方便精确给药。术语“单元剂量形式”指适用于人或其它动物单次给药的物理分隔的单元,各单元中含有预定用量的经计算能够达到所需治疗效果的活性化合物,另外还含有适用的药用赋形剂。典型的单元剂量形式包括适用于液体组合物的预先充填的、预先计量的安瓶或注射器,适用于固体组合物的丸剂、片剂、胶囊、锭剂等。在这些组合物中,模拟肽为少量成分(以重量为计,约0.1至50%,优选为约1至40%),其余成分为有助于构成所需剂型的多种赋形剂、载体和加工助剂。
适用的赋形剂或载体以及药用组合物的制备方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的,在文献如Remington′s PharmaceuticalScience,Mack Publishing Co,NJ(1991)中被更为具体地描述。此外,为有利起见,模拟肽可以和其它化学治疗药物联合用药,如乙烯雌酚或DES、5-氟尿嘧啶、甲氨蝶呤、α-干扰素、天冬酰胺酶、他莫昔芬、氟他胺等,以及Merck Manuel,16th edition 1992,Merck Research Laboratories,Rahway,NJ;Goodman&Gilman′s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,9th Ed.,1996,McGraw-Hill,esp.Chabner等人,Antineoplastic Agents等所描述的,或其它本领域已知的化学治疗药物。因此,组合物按单位剂量可以单独、联合或组合给药。在一个具体实施方案中,将模拟肽与抗新增殖性疾病的药物或其它药物共价结合构成缀合物,实现组合给药。可以采用任何适用的缀合反应。
模拟肽的给药量有赖于模拟肽配方、给药途径等因素,一般通过常规实验按经验加以确定,依据作用靶点、宿主和给药途径可以作必要的调整。一般而言,单元制剂中活性化合物的用量可以根据具体用途作改变或调整,其范围在约0.1mg至1000mg之间,优选为1mg至300mg之间,更优选为10mg至200mg之间。实际用量可以根据患者要求和所治疗疾病的严重程度作调整。本领域技术水平能够解决具体情况下的确定适用剂量的问题。一般而言,治疗首先以低于最佳剂量的小剂量开始,此后逐渐小幅增加剂量,直至达到最佳治疗效果。为方便起见,如果有必要,可以对日剂量分份,分次进行给药。
以下为模拟肽胶囊配方的实例(配方1-4)。
表1 胶囊配方
胶囊配方 | 配方1mg/胶囊 | 配方2mg/胶囊 | 配方3mg/胶囊 | 配方4mg/胶囊 |
模拟肽(固体溶液) | 100 | 400 | 400 | 200 |
二氧化硅 | 0.625 | 2.5 | 3.75 | 1.875 |
硬脂酸镁NF2 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.625 |
交联羟甲纤维素钠NF | 11.000 | 44.0 | 40.0 | 20.0 |
Pluronic F68 NF | 6.250 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 |
二氧化硅NF | 0.625 | 2.5 | 3.75 | 1.875 |
硬脂酸镁NF | 0.125 | 0.5 | 1.25 | 0.625 |
总重 | 118.750 | 475.00 | 475.00 | 475.00 |
胶囊尺寸 | No.4 | No.0 | No.0 | No.2 |
固体溶液的制备
将结晶性模拟肽(80g/批)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(NF K29/32,160g/批)溶解于二氯甲烷(5000mL)中。利用适当的喷雾干燥机对该溶液进行干燥,将所得残余物研磨成细粉。粉末通过30目筛,X-射线分析证明为无定形的。
在适用的混合器中将该固体溶液、二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁混合10分钟。采用适用的滚筒压缩机挤压混合物并采用适用的磨研磨,使混合物通过30目筛。向研磨后的混合物中加入交联羟甲纤维素钠、Pluronic F68和二氧化硅并混合10分钟。将硬脂酸镁和等量的混合物构成预混物,然后将预混物加到其余混合物中,混合5分钟,将混合物装入硬质明胶胶囊中。
此处不作界定,可以采用多种方法实现模拟肽的给药,如用于疾病预防和/或治疗的肠胃外给药,局部给药,口服给药或局部给药,如气雾剂或透皮给药剂。可以按照本领域已为人所熟知的方法实施化疗和/或放射治疗。对本领域技术人员而言,显然化疗和/或放疗可以根据所治疗的疾病以及化疗和/或放疗对于该疾病的疗效作调整。同时,依据训练有素的临床医生的经验,治疗方案(如剂量和给药次数)可以根据给药(即抗肿瘤药或射线)后患者的反应以及疾病对于治疗药物的反应作调整。
模拟肽、化疗药物和/或射线的选取有赖于主治医生对于疾病的诊断以及对于病情和所采用的治疗方案的评判。根据增殖性疾病的性质、患者的病情、与模拟肽联合给药时化疗药物和/或射线的实际搭配情况(即处于单个治疗方案中),模拟肽、化疗药物和/或射线可以同时给药(如同时,基本同时或结合在同一治疗方案中)或顺序给药。类似地,模拟肽和化疗药物不必处于同一药用组合物中,由于物理和化学性质的不同,也可以采用不同的给药途径。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的方法包括模拟肽的全身性或局部给药。当需要全身性给药时,例如,可以通过静脉注射或口服进行给药。本发明的一个实施方案中提供一种模拟肽的局部给药方法,如在肿瘤上给药。在模拟肽的局部给药中,优选的局部给药方式是局部注射。根据肿瘤的性质和位置,也可以通过导管或局部沉积实现局部给药,如通过商标为Depofoam的肿瘤内或肿瘤外周给药器具,缓释泵/药物输送装置,可植入的或局部使用的凝胶或聚合物进行给药。也可以通过基因治疗的途径实现本发明治疗剂的给药。
按照治疗有效剂量和用量,遵照治疗患者有效的治疗方案,可以实现本发明治疗剂的给药。起始的和后续的给药剂量依据患者年龄、体重、病情以及所治疗疾病、病症或体征而定。剂量和用药方案根据治疗剂作调整,剂量也与所选择的给药方法如局部或全身性给药相关。就活性很高的模拟肽而言,微克/公斤体重的剂量水平可能就是足够的,例如,剂量为约1μg/kg至500mg/kg,以及约100μg/kg至5mg/kg,以及约1μg/kg至50μg/kg,以及约10μg/kg。
一般而言,常规的临床实验可以确定达到最佳治疗效果的具体剂量范围,对于各种治疗剂而言,给药方案以及对具体病人的给药将依据患者的病情以及对于初始给药的响应作调整,使其落入有效且安全的范围内。最终给药方案将根据主治医生的判断作调整,医生做判断时将考虑患者的年龄、状态、体重以及模拟肽的活性、病情等因素。例如,为降低肿瘤的生长速度,模拟肽的给药方案可以是口服10mg至2000mg/天,优选为10mg至1000mg/天,更优选为50mg至600mg/天,分2次至4次(优选为2次)给药。当模拟肽结构特征为稠合的环状苯并环庚吡啶时,该抑制剂的优选剂量为口服50mg至600mg/天,更优选为50mg至400mg/天,分2次给药。也可以采用间歇式治疗方案(如每3周用药1周,每4周用药3周)。
在一个胰腺癌联合治疗的实例中,模拟肽口服50mg至400mg/天,分2次给药,采用连续给药的方式,抗肿瘤药为吉西他滨,剂量为每周750至1350mg/m2,治疗期间每4周用药3周。在另一个肺癌联合治疗的实例中,模拟肽口服50mg至400mg/天,分2次给药,采用连续给药的方式,抗肿瘤药为紫杉醇,剂量为65至175mg/m2,每3周用药1次。在另一个神经胶质瘤联合治疗的实例中,模拟肽口服50mg至400mg/天,分2次给药,抗肿瘤药为替莫唑胺,剂量为100至250mg/m2。在另一个联合治疗的实例中,模拟肽口服50mg至400mg/天,分2次给药,采用连续给药的方式,抗肿瘤药为5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU),剂量为每周500mg/m2(每周1次),或每日200至300mg/m2连续输注5-FU。当采取每周注射5-FU的方式时,可以与叶酸激动剂如Leucovoran(剂量20mg/m2/周)联合给药。
本发明的一个优选实施方案包括以肿瘤衰退为指标监测模拟肽的治疗效果,据此调整后续剂量。例如,乳腺癌患者可以接受药物,如环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、5-FU(CMF)或他莫昔芬的局部治疗或局部放射治疗,同时给药模拟肽。将乳房造影、超声或物理检查结果与治疗前作对比,用于指导随后的治疗方案和用药剂量。
在判断所给剂量水平对治疗是否有效时,主治医生将考虑患者的总体恢复情况以及更为明确的信号,如与疾病相关的症状的缓解、肿瘤生长的抑制、肿瘤的萎缩或转运的抑制。可利用标准方法,如放射法测量肿瘤的大小,连续测量结果可用于判断肿瘤生长是否被阻碍甚至被逆转。与疾病相关的症状,如疼痛的缓解以及总体情况的改善也可用于判断治疗的效果。因此,本发明的优选实施方案中包括以肿瘤衰退为指标监测给药模拟肽后的治疗效果,此处不作界定,监测方法包括物理检查、CT、MRI、乳房造影、胸片、骨扫描、超声、气管镜、内窥镜、结肠镜、腹腔镜、肿瘤标志物,如PSA、CEA和CA125的分析。监测方法的适用性由所治疗癌症的性质所决定。
实施例
以下实施例用于评价Smac模拟肽的活性,例如,通过IAP结合力、procaspase-3活化或细胞凋亡促进的测定评价Smac模拟肽的活性。这些试验也可用于筛选增强模拟肽活性的药物(如拮抗剂)。
实施例1:体外IAP(BIR)结合/相互作用试验
采用GST介导的亲合力色层分析法评价模拟肽和IAP的相互作用。将约0.4mg重组IAP片断(XIAP的第二和第三BIR基元)结合到200ml谷胱甘肽树脂上,作为一种GST融合蛋白,并在室温下与0.5mg经放射标记的模拟肽一起温育。采用含有25mM Tris,pH 8.0,150mM NaCl和2mM二硫苏糖醇(DTT)的缓冲液充分清洗后,复合物用5mM还原谷胱甘肽洗脱,SDS-PAGE考马斯染色。实验结果证明模拟肽特异性结合IAP。
实施例2:体外高通量荧光极化结合试验
传感器:罗丹明标记的模拟肽(终浓度=1-5nM)
受体:谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶/BIR2,3融合蛋白(终浓度=100-200nM)
缓冲液:10mM HEPES,10mM NaCl,6mM MgCl2,pH 7.6
1.在一个96孔的微孔板中加入90μl模拟肽/BIR2,3混合物。
2.在各孔中加入10μl测试化合物。
3.振摇5分钟,利用Fluorolite FPM-2荧光极化微滴定系统(DynatechLaboratories,Inc)在5分钟内测定荧光极化量。
所测试模拟肽明显和特异性结合IAP BIR2,3结构域。
实施例3:高通量固相模拟肽-BIR2,3结合/结合-干扰试验
A.试剂:
-Neutralite抗生物素蛋白:20μg/ml,溶剂PBS。
-封闭缓冲液:5%BSA,0.5%Tween 20,溶剂PBS;室温下1小时。
-试验缓冲液:100mM KCl,20mM HEPES pH 7.6,1mM MgCl2,1%甘油,0.5%NP-40,50mMβ-巯基乙醇,1mg/ml BSA,混合蛋白酶抑制剂。
-33P模拟肽10倍贮备液:10-8-10-6M“冷(无放射性)”模拟肽中加入200,000-250,000cpm标记的模拟肽(Beckman计数器)。筛选期间置于4℃小冰箱中。
-混合蛋白酶抑制剂(1000倍):将10mg胰岛素抑制剂(BMB#109894),10mg抑酶肽(BMB#236624),25mg苄脒(Sigma#B-6506),25mg亮抑蛋白酶肽(BMB#1017128),10mg APMSF(BMB#917575),以及2mM NaVO3(Sigma#S-6508)置于10ml PBS中。
-BIR2,3:10-7-10-5M生物素BIR2,3结构域(同前),溶剂PBS。
B.测试板的制备:
-于4℃下每个孔中涂布N-抗生物素蛋白原液120μl,放置过夜。
-200μl PBS洗2次。
-加入150μl封闭缓冲液封闭。
-200μl PBS洗2次。
C.试验:
-每孔中加入40μl试验缓冲液。
-加入10μl化合物或萃取物。
-加入10μl 33P模拟肽(20-25,000cpm/0.1-10pmoles/孔,终浓度相当于10-9-10-7M),25℃下振摇15分钟。
-于25℃下继续温育45分钟。
-加入40μM生物素BIR2,3(0.1-10pmoles/40μl,溶剂为试验缓冲液),室温下温育1小时。
-200μl PBS洗4次终止反应。
-加入150μM闪烁鸡尾酒。
-在Topcount中进行计数。
D.所以试验的对照(每个板上均有):
a.非特异性结合
b.80%抑制时可溶解(非生物素BIR2,3)
模拟肽明显和特异性结合IAP BIR2,3结构域。
实施例4:HeLa细胞萃取物:经放射性标记的procaspase-3活化试验
将20mg HeLa细胞的S-100萃取物单独温育(对照),或与模拟肽(50nM)一起温育,或与30-1000mM不同长度的N-端Smac多肽温育。加入1mM dATP、1mMMgCl2、0.2mg/ml马心细胞色素c、以及1ml体外转译的35S-标记的caspase-3进行反应,反应终体积为20ml。30℃下将反应混合物温育1小时,然后在15%PAGE凝胶上进行电泳。将凝胶转移至硝酸纤维滤膜上并照像。模拟肽和Smac片断明显促进procaspase-3的活化,而阴性对照Smac-7R无促进作用。
实施例5:HeLa细胞萃取物:procaspase-3活化荧光分析
在150mm的组织培养皿中,将人HeLa S3细胞置于DMEM培养基(Dulbecco优化的eagle′s培养基,其中包含100U/ml青霉素,100μg/m硫酸链霉素)中,加入10%(v/v)小牛血清,于37℃和5%CO2条件下进行培养,生成单层细胞。细胞融合达70%后,用1倍磷酸缓冲液(PBS)将细胞洗一遍,然后于4℃下离心(800xg)5分钟进行收集。将细胞团块重新悬浮于3倍体积的缓冲液A(20mM Hepes-KOH,pH7.5,10mM KCl,1.5mM MgCl2,1mM EDTA钠盐,1mM EGTA钠盐,1mM DTT和0.1mM PMSF)中。将整个的或截短的,含有头三个BIR结构域,或第二或第三BIR结构域的人c-IAP-1、c-IAP-2或XIAP加到HeLa细胞萃取物中,然后加入1mMdATP和300nM细胞色素c,由此开始caspase活化反应。采用MacFarlane等人描述的荧光分析法测量caspase活性(1997,J.Cell Biol.137,469-479)。按Liu等人所述制备S-100,每份8mg,进行96孔微量滴定,150ml的反应物中含有0.1mM Hepes,pH7.4,2mM DTT,0.1%(w/v)Chaps,和1%(w/v)蔗糖。加入caspase特异性荧光底物(Enzyme Systems,CA)开始反应,终浓度为20mM,反应于37℃下持续30分钟。激发/发射波长为400/505nm,连续检测底物中AFC的释放。模拟肽和Smac片断(7R除外)明显促进procaspase-3的活化。
实施例6:复原的,重组的经放射标记的procaspase-3的活化试验
在1mM dATP,1mM MgCl2和1ml体外转译的35S-标记的caspase-3存在下,将模拟肽和N-端Smac肽(30-3000mM)与重组的人Apaf-1(40nM)、重组的人procaspase-9(2nM)、纯化的马心细胞色素c(nM)和小鼠XIAP(70nM)一起温育,反应终体积为20ml。反应混合物于30℃下温育1小时,然后在15%PAGE凝胶上进行电泳。将凝胶转移至硝酸纤维滤膜上并照像。采用活性Smac(50nM)和无活性的Smac-7R(3000mM)作为对照。模拟肽和Smac片断(7R除外)明显促进procaspase-3的活化。
实施例7:经复原的重组procaspase-3活化荧光分析
如上所述构建经复原的重组procaspase-3活化体系,只是人caspase-3如Liu等人(1997)所述(同前)通过细菌表达并且不作标记。采用上述MacFarlane等人描述的荧光分析法测量caspase-3活性(1997,J.Cell Biol.137,469-479)。按Liu等人所述制备S-100,每份8mg,进行96孔微量滴定,150ml的反应物中含有0.1mMHepes,PH 7.4,2mM DTT,0.1%(w/v)Chaps,和1%(w/v)蔗糖。加入caspase特异性荧光底物(Enzyme Systems,CA)开始反应,终浓度为20mM,反应于37℃下持续30分钟。激发/发射波长为400/505nm,连续检测底物中AFC的释放。模拟肽和Smac片断(7R除外)明显促进procaspase-3的活化。
实施例8:基于细胞的试验:Smac增强了培养HeLa细胞中因UV或依托泊苷所致的细胞凋亡
将0.75×105HeLa-S细胞/孔置于48孔组织培养板中。细胞与1mM无活性的Smac肽,或1mM N-端4-氨基酸Smac肽,或模拟肽,或载体(对照)一起温育12小时。然后利用交联仪对细胞施加320,000μJ的UV照射或采用100mM依托泊苷处理细胞。在不同时间点采用1mg/ml Hoechst 33342对细胞染色,对凋亡细胞进行计数,这种细胞在荧光显微镜下细胞核染色体发生凝聚。模拟肽,包括多种类型的Smac肽在2、4和6小时(UV照射)以及10和20小时(依托泊苷处理)时明显增加了细胞凋亡。
实施例9:体内转移试验
将免疫抑制的小鼠(无胸腺的和无毛的/无毛的SCID雌性小鼠,来自HarlanSprague Dawley)置于带有微型隔离盖的、高温灭菌的笼中饲养,将层流罩、手套和饲养笼用ABQ消毒剂擦洗,有关动物的全部操作均在层流罩中进行。小鼠饲喂经灭菌的饲料(Pico Lab Chow,Purina)和灭菌的St.Louis自来水。将模拟肽加到经灭菌的含有2%羧甲基纤维素的水中,每日利用灭菌的一次性动物给饲管(Poper&SonsCat#9921;20g×1.5″)灌胃,每周进行7天,时间在上午7:00至8:00。将化合物和对照(含有2%羧甲基纤维素的水)保存在-80℃下,以铝箔包覆以避免光学所致的性质改变,每天在使用前进行解冻。
以对照作比较,测量经尾静脉注射的,剂量为40至100mg/kg的化合物对于C8161细胞转移的抑制活性。剂量为100mg/kg的化合物浓度约为40mg/kg剂量组的2.5倍,使得两种情况下使用的体积基本相同,约为每只动物0.5mL。在第4天时开始试验,每组9只动物。在第0天时,将处于冷的Hank′s平衡盐溶液(HBSS)中的2×105个C8161细胞通过胃静脉接种经静脉注射入小鼠体内。试验进行24天,将动物处死并取出其肺脏,采用Bouins/福尔马林(5∶1)固定。旋转肺脏,对肺脏表面肿瘤进行计数,并通过6倍放大镜对各个肺叶上的肿瘤进行计数。采用微软公司的Microsoft′s Excel进行统计分析。
试验评价了受试模拟肽在两种浓度下对于C8161细胞转移的抑制活性:动物口服模拟肽明显降低了SCID小鼠体内肿瘤的转移。
实施例10:体内联合治疗:B.I.D.&Q.I.D
采用5-6周龄的无胸腺的和无毛的/无毛的雌性小鼠评价模拟肽(20或80mpl/剂,p.o.or i.p.)和化疗药物紫杉醇(5或20mpk)、5-Fu(50mpk)、长春新碱(1mpk)或环磷酰胺(100mpk,BID,ip)联合用药对于HTB 177异体移植物(NCI-H460,一种人肺大细胞癌),用药为每日2至4次。在第0天时,将3×106个HTB177细胞s.c注射至220只小鼠的肋部,并将小鼠分为治疗组和对照组:
将模拟肽溶解在20%羟丙基-β-环糊精(载体I)中,模拟肽溶液的给药体积是0.2ml。将紫杉醇溶解在稀的乙醇/cremophor EL溶液(载体II)中,紫杉醇的i.p给药体积为0.1ml,环磷酰胺、5-FU和长春新碱溶解在经灭菌的水中。将17ml 20%HPBCD加到含有136mg模拟肽的50ml试管中配制80mpk模拟肽溶液。对混合物作超声处理直至完全溶解。将2ml 80mpk溶液加到15ml试管中,加入6ml 20%HPBCD并振荡混合,制备20mpk模拟肽溶液。
在第0天早晨将肿瘤细胞接种于小鼠体内,对小鼠称重,随机分组并在耳朵上作标记。药物治疗开始于第4天早晨7:30。动物在早晨7:30和下午7:30给药模拟肽或载体I。在第7和14天测量肿瘤体积,对肿瘤生长作定量。模拟肽和化疗药物均有抑制活性,联合给药的疗效要优于单独给药。
实施例11:采用WAP-RAS转基因模型评价疗效
在WAP-RAS转基因模型中评价了模拟肽和紫杉醇联合给药的效果。在这种模型中,在小鼠体内肿瘤发育完全后再进行治疗。
将模拟肽(20mpk/剂,po)溶解于20%羟丙基-β-环糊精(载体I)中,模拟肽溶液的给药体积为0.2ml。将紫杉醇溶解在稀的乙醇/cremophor EL溶液(载体II)中,紫杉醇的i.p给药体积为0.1ml。
在第0天对小鼠称重,随机分组并在耳朵上作标记。在第1天给药模拟肽和载体I,每12小时给药一次并持续到第21天。在第4天给药紫杉醇和载体II,并在第5、6和7天每天给药。Wap-ras肿瘤对于紫杉醇无反应,但对于单独给药20mpk模拟肽有响应,联合给药效果更佳。
本专利说明书中所引用的所有文献和专利及其参考文献均作为本发明的参考文献,这种情况相当于将这些文献,专利及其参考文献一一列出作为参考文献。尽管为方便理解,以上通过说明和实例描述了本发明的一些细节,在本发明描述的启发下,在不背离权利要求的精神和范围的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以轻易地作出某些改变和改良。
示例性二聚体
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R7和R7’可相同或不同,包括芳基、杂芳基、芳甲基、杂芳甲基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基);
Q和Q’可相同或不同,包括O、S、NR1。
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R7和R7’可相同或不同,包括芳基、杂芳基、芳甲基、杂芳甲基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基);
Q和Q’可相同或不同,包括O、S、NR1。
R4’可包括:
R和R’可相同或不同,包括CH2;CHMe;CHEt;CMe2;1,1-二取代环丙基
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R3和R3’可相同或不同,包括H、Me、卤素、直链或支链烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、和杂芳基)、OR5、NR5R6
R4可选自R5和R4′
R5和R6可包括H、Me、直链烷基或任意R7
R7=芳基、杂芳基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、和杂芳基);
R8=CH2OR5、CH2OC(O)R5、CH2OC(O)NHR5、CO2R5、C(O)NR5R6
R9=H、OR5、NR5R6
A、B和Z包括CH、N、C-R7
Q=CH2、CHMe、O、S、NR5
X和X′可相同或不同,包括NH、O、CH2
Y=CH2、C(O)、C(S)、CHMe
LINKER是一个连续的链,其可包含取代基、杂原子、不饱和(烯烃、炔烃)、环状、芳香性和杂芳香性片断。
此处不作界定,其实施例包括:
不对称连接基团的实例
(Ar可以是1,3或1,4连接的芳环或杂芳环)
O(CH2)nO (CH2)n
n=5-12 n=6-12
截短的连接基团的实例
R4’可包括:
R和R’可相同或不同,包括CH2;CHMe;CHEt;CMe2;1,1-二取代环丙基
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R3和R3’可相同或不同,包括H、Me、直链或支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基)
R4可选自R5和R4′
R5和R6可包括H、Me、直链烷基或任意R7
R7=芳基、杂芳基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基);
R8=CH2OR5、CH2OC(O)R5、CH2OC(O)NHR5、CO2R5、C(O)NR5R6
R9=H、OR5、NR5R6
A、B和Z包括CH、N、C-R7
Q=CH2、CHMe、O、S、NR5
X和X′可相同或不同,包括NH、O、CH2
Y=CH2、C(O)、C(S)、CHMe
LINKER是一个连续的链,其可包含取代基、杂原子、不饱和(烯烃、炔烃)、环状、芳香性和杂芳香性片断。
此处不作界定,其实施例包括:
R4’可包括:
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R4可选自R5和R4′
R5和R6可包括H、Me、直链烷基或任意R7
R7=芳基、杂芳基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基);
R8=CH2OR5、CH2OC(O)R5、CH2OC(O)NHR5、CO2R5、C(O)NR5R6
R9=H、OR5、NR5R6
A、B和Z包括CH、N、C-R7
Q和Q’可相同或不同,包括CH2、CHMe、O、S、NR5
X和X′可相同或不同,包括NH、O、CH2
Y=CH2、C(O)、C(S)、CHMe
LINKER是一个连续的链,其可包含取代基、杂原子、不饱和(烯烃、炔烃)、环状、芳香性和杂芳香性片断。
此处不作界定,其实施例包括:
R4’可包括:
R和R’可相同或不同,包括CH2;CHMe;CHEt;CMe2;1,1-二取代环丙基
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R3和R3’可相同或不同,包括H、Me、直链或支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基)
R4可选自R5和R4′
R5和R6可包括H、Me、直链烷基或任意R7
R7=芳基、杂芳基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基);
R8=CH2OR5、CH2OC(O)R5、CH2OC(O)NHR5、CO2R5、C(O)NR5R6
R9=H、OR5、NR5R6
A、B和Z包括CH、N、C-R7
Q=CH2、CHMe、O、S、NR5
X和X′可相同或不同,包括NH、O、CH2
Y=CH2、C(O)、C(S)、CHMe
LINKER是一个连续的链,其可包含取代基、杂原子、不饱和(烯烃、炔烃)、环状、芳香性和杂芳香性片断。
此处不作界定,其实施例包括:
R4’可包括:
R和R’可相同或不同,包括CH2;CH(O);
R1和R1’可相同或不同,包括H,Me;
R2和R2’可相同或不同,包括Me和Et;
R4可选自R5和R4′
R5、R5’、R6’和R6可相同或不同,包括H、Me、直链烷基或任意R7
R7=芳基、杂芳基、支链烷基、环烷基、官能化的烷基或环烷基(官能化可包括不饱和、杂原子、芳基、杂芳基);
R8=CH2OR5、CH2OC(O)R5、CH2OC(O)NHR5、CO2R5、C(O)NR5R6
R9=H、OR5、NR5R6
A、B和Z包括CH、N、C-R7
Q=CH2、CHMe、O、S、NR5
X和X′可相同或不同,包括NH、O、CH2
Y=CH2、C(O)、C(S)、CHMe
LINKER是一个连续的链,其可包含取代基、杂原子、不饱和(烯烃、炔烃)、环状、芳香性和杂芳香性片断。
此处不作界定,其实施例包括:
R=H,烷基,支链烷基
示例性单体
实验过程
(S)-Boc-2-[5-(甲苯-4-磺酰基)-四唑-1-基甲基]-吡咯烷)(1)
将对甲苯磺酰氰(5.0g,22.1mmol)和(S)-Boc-2-叠氮基甲基吡咯烷酮3(4.0g,22.1mmol)置于一个密封的管中,混合物于80℃下搅拌反应40小时。利用硅胶闪柱纯化粗产品(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得到无色泡沫状化合物1(7.6g,84%)。[α]D-11.7(c0.64,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD,-20℃,光学异构体6:4):δ1.20&1.35(s,9H),1.83&2.01(m,4H),2.50(s,3H),3.40&3.45(m,2H),4.40&4.43(m,1H),4.71&4.82(m,2H),7.50&7.70(d,J=8Hz,2H),8.00&8.40(d,J=8Hz,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ22.0,23.7,28.4,46.5,52.1,56.1,76.9,80.6,129.4,134.4,147.4,154.4,154.8,155.5;IR(film):2976,1693,1392,815,704cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+408.2。
(S)-Boc-2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1′-基甲基)-吡咯烷(2)
室温下将化合物1(6.0g,14.7mmol)、苯硫酚(6.5g,58.8mmol)和K2CO3(4.5g,41.1mmol)和CH3CN(74ml)所构成的混合物搅拌反应2天。以硅藻土作助滤剂,将反应混合物过滤,减压浓缩。利用硅胶柱纯化粗产品(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得到无色油状化合物2(5.2g,97%)。[α]D-29.2(c 1.34,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD,-20℃,光学异构体1:1):δ1.30&1.42(s,9H),1.73&2.01(m,4H),3.40&3.45(m,13.2Hz,2H),4.23&4.25(m,1H),4.38&4.58(m,2H),7.42&7.46(m,3H)7.56&7.60(m,2H);13CNMR(CDCl3,75MHz):δ21.2,23.6,28.5,46.5,49.7,50.4,56.7,60.5,80.7,128.1,129.9,133.1,153.5,154.9;IR(film):2975,1693,1391,1167,688cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+361.2
(S)-2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷(3)
室温下采用50%TFA的CH2Cl2溶液(69ml)处理化合物2(5.0g,13.8mmol),反应时间15分钟。加入饱和NaHCO3中止反应,CH2Cl2萃取(3×20ml)。合并有机相,Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。利用硅胶闪柱纯化粗产品(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=20∶0∶9∶1)得到化合物3(2.5g,69%)。[α]D+9.9(c 1.14,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.45(m,J=2Hz,8.4Hz,1H),1.80(m,2H),1.95(m,1H),2.5(bs,1H),2.99(t,J=1.6Hz,2H),3.60(m,1H),4.20(dd,J=8.0Hz,13.0Hz,1H),4.30(dd,J=8.0Hz,13.0Hz 1H),7.40(m,3H),7.58(m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ23.5,28.6,46.1,47.8,58.2,127.2,130.0,130.2,133.1,153.4;IR(film):3350,2961,2871,1442,1389,746,688cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+262.2。
{1-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-氨基甲酸烯丙基酯(4)
向由化合物3(2.5g,9.5mmol)、N-Alloc-(炔丙基)苏氨酸-(2S,3R)(2.7g,11.4mmol)和DMF(48ml)所构成的冷溶液中加入DIPEA(3.3ml,19.0mmol)和HATU(5.4g,14.2mmol)。0℃下搅拌反应30分钟后,加入Et2O稀释反应液。加入饱和NaHCO3并分相。水相用Et2O萃取(3×30ml)。合并有机相,5%HCl(25ml),H2O(25ml),饱和NaHCO3(20ml)和饱和食盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。利用硅胶柱纯化粗产品(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得油状化合物4(3.2g,70%)。[α]D-12.2(c1.30,CHCl3);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.22(d,J=6Hz,3H),1.75-1.90(m,4H),2.50(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.70(m,2H),4.00(m,1H),4.20(dq,J=5.6Hz,18.4Hz,2H),4.31(m,2H),4.50(m,1H),4.55(m,2H),4.62(dd,J=4.2Hz,1H),5.20(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.23(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.50(d,J=8Hz,1H),5.90(m,1H),7.40(m,3H),7.60(m,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.0,24.3,27.5,47.9,48.5,56.5,56.7,66.1,74.2,74.9,75.0,79.8,117.9,127.6,129.9,130.0,132.7,133.3,153.5,156.4,169.8;IR(film):3292,2979,1715,1644,1513,1442,1073,750,688cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+485.2。
1-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸9H-芴-9-基甲基酯(5)
向Fmoc-N(Me)L-Ala(6g,18.5mmol)和HOBt(2.5g,18.5mmol)和CH2Cl2(60ml)所构成的溶液中加入EDCI(3.5g,18.5mmol),0℃下搅拌1小时,此后转为室温继续搅拌1小时。室温下向该反应液中加入Pd(PPh3)4(3.6g,3.0mmol)、化合物4(3g,6.2mmol)的CH2Cl2(30ml)溶液和DABCO(3.7g,31mmol),继续搅拌15分钟。减压除去溶剂,利用硅胶柱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得浅黄色泡沫状化合物5(3.8g,89%)。[α]D-31.9(c 1.56,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(d,J=3.6Hz,3H),1.41(d,J=4.2Hz,3H),1.75-1.98(bm,4H),2.50(bs,1H),2.95(s,3H),3.60(bm,1H),3.70(bm,1H),4.01(bm,1H),4.10(dq J=5.6Hz,18.1Hz,2H),4.20(bm,1H),4.25(bm,1H),4.28(bm,2H),4.32(bm,1H),4.40(bm,2H),4.59(dd,J=4.2,8.0Hz,1H),6.81(bd,1H),7.28(bm,2H),7.34(bm,5H),7.52(br m,4H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.1,24.3,27.5,47.4,48.5,55.3,56.4,68.2,74.0,75.0,79.8,120.1,125.2,125.3,127.2,127.6,127.9,128.6,129.9,130.1,132.2,132.4,133.3,141.5,153.5,169.3,171.4;IR(film):3297,2978,1693,1650,1442,1400,1312,1157,10948,758,742cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+708.2。
{1-[2-二-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸9H-芴-9-基甲基酯(6)
化合物5(3.5g,4.9mmol)和Cu(OAc)2(6.2g,34.3mmol)在CH3CN中回流30分钟。除去有机溶剂,通过硅胶短柱过滤(CH2Cl2/MeOH 9∶1)除去Cu(II)盐,滤液蒸干后等浅黄色泡沫状粗品6(3.3g,94%)。取少量粗品精制,供光谱分析使用。[α]D-13.8(c 1.41,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.14(d,J=6Hz,6H),1.34(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.74-1.98(bm,8H),2.84(s,6H),3.60(bm,4H),3.87(bm,2H),4.09(ABq,J=16.8Hz,4H),4.20(bm,2H),4.24(m,2H),4.31(bm,4H),4.36(m,4H),4.60(dd,J=4.2Hz,2H),4.69(dd,J=4,8.8Hz,2H),6.80(bm,2H),7.28(bm,4H),7.34(bm,10H),7.52(bm,8H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,m,4H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.3,24.3,27.5,47.4,48.5,55.3,56.4,68.2,74.0,75.0,79.8,120.1,125.2,125.3,127.2,127.6,127.9,128.6,129.9,130.1,132.2,132.4,133.3,141.5,153.5,169.3,171.4;IR(film):2920,2850,1687,1643,1441,1311,1155,1083,741cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+1412。
二-2-甲基氨基-N-(1-{1-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-丙酰胺(7)
采用20%CH2Cl2-哌啶(21ml)处理化合物6(3g,2.1mmol)的溶液,时间为5分钟。减压浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=8∶2∶0.5),得粘性泡沫状化合物7(1.4g 70%)。[α]D-7.4(c 0.23,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.19(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.28(d,J=7.2Hz 6H),1.78(m,4H),1.90(m,4H),2.50(s,6H),3.05(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.60(bm,2H),3.70(m,2H),4.01(m,2H),4.20(ABq,J=18.4Hz,4H),4.43(dd,J=4.0Hz&13.6Hz,2H),4.50(m,2H),4.70(dd,J=4Hz&13.6Hz,2H),4.75(dd,J=4,8.8Hz,2H),7.40(m,6H),7.60(m,4H),7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.2,19.6,22.8,24.4,27.5,31.8,35.2,47.8,48.5,54.6,56.3,56.9,60.4,70.4,74.4,76.1,76.8,127.7,129.9,130.0,133.3,153.6,169.5,175.4;IR(film):3339,2975,1644,1513,1428,1086,751,667cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+969.4。
参考文献:
1.Lumma,W.C.;Wohl,Ronald A.Eur.Pat.Appl.1985,EP 134424 A1
2.Bejjani,J;Chemla,F;Audouin,M.J.Org.Chem,2003,68,9747-9752.
3.Black,Julian;Brown,Alan D;Erizabet C L;Smith,J D;Mckelloy,A B.2000JP2000063380
4.Dininno,F;Guthikonda,R N.;Schmitt,S M.1994 US 5292879 A
合成路线1
(S)-(Boc-2-[5-(甲苯-4-磺酰基)-四唑-1-基甲基]-吡咯烷)(2)
将对甲苯磺酰氰(5.0g,22.1mmol)和(S)-Boc-2-叠氮基甲基吡咯烷酮[Black,J.;Brown,A.D.;Erizabet C.L.;Smith,J.D.;Mckelloy,A.B.2000 JP2000063380](4.0g,22.1mmol)置于一个密封的管中,混合物于80℃下搅拌反应40小时。利用硅胶闪柱纯化粗产品(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得到无色泡沫状化合物1(7.6g,84%)。[α]D-11.7(c0.64,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD,-20℃,光学异构体6:4):δ1.20&1.35(s,9H),1.83&2.01(m,4H),2.50(s,3H),3.40&3.45(m,2H),4.40&4.43(m,1H),4.71&4.82(m,2H),7.50&7.70(d,J=8Hz,2H),8.00&8.40(d,J=8Hz,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ22.0,23.7,28.4,46.5,52.1,56.1,76.9,80.6,129.4,134.4,147.4,154.4,154.8,155.5;IR(film):2976,1693,1392,815,704cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+408.2。
(S)-Boc-2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1′-基甲基)-吡咯烷(3a)
室温下将化合物2(6.0g,14.7mmol),苯硫酚(6.5g,58.8mmol)和K2CO3(4.5g,41.1mmol)和CH3CN(74ml)所构成的混合物搅拌反应2天。以硅藻土作助滤剂,将反应混合物过滤,减压浓缩。利用硅胶柱纯化粗产品(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得到无色油状化合物2(5.2g,97%)。[α]D-29.2(c 1.34,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD,-20℃,rotamers 1:1):δ1.30&1.42(s,9H),1.73&2.01(m,4H),3.40&3.45(m,13.2Hz,2H),4.23&4.25(m,1H),4.38&4.58(m,2H),7.42&7.46(m,3H)7.56&7.60(m,2H);13CNMR(CDCl3,75MHz):δ21.2,23.6,28.5,46.5,49.7,50.4,56.7,60.5,80.7,128.1,129.9,133.1,153.5,154.9;IR(film):2975,1693,1391,1167,688cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+361.2
(S)-2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷(4a)
室温下采用50%TFA的CH2Cl2溶液(69ml)处理化合物3a(5.0g,13.8mmol),反应时间15分钟。加入饱和NaHCO3中止反应,CH2Cl2萃取(3×20ml)。合并有机相,Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。利用硅胶闪柱纯化粗产品(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=20∶0∶9∶1)得到化合物3(2.5g,69%)。[α]D+9.9(c 1.14,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.45(m,J=2Hz,8.4Hz,1H),1.80(m,2H),1.95(m,1H),2.5(bs,1H),2.99(t,J=1.6Hz,2H),3.60(m,1H),4.20(dd,J=8.0Hz,13.0Hz,1H),4.30(dd,J=8.0Hz,13.0Hz1H),7.40(m,3H),7.58(m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ23.5,28.6,46.1,47.8,58.2,127.2,130.0,130.2,133.1,153.4;IR(film):3350,2961,2871,1442,1389,746,688cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+262.2。
{1-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-氨基甲酸烯丙基酯(5a)
向由化合物4a(2.5g,9.5mmol)、化合物9(2.7g,11.4mmol)和DMF(48ml)所构成的冷溶液中加入DIPEA(3.3ml,19.0mmol)和HATU(5.4g,14.2mmol)。0℃下搅拌反应30分钟后,加入Et2O稀释反应液。加入饱和NaHCO3并分相。水相用Et2O萃取(3×30ml)。合并有机相,用5%HCl(25ml)、H2O(25ml)、饱和NaHCO3(20ml)和饱和食盐水(30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。利用硅胶柱纯化粗产品(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得油状化合物4(3.2g,70%)。[α]D-12.2(c 1.30,CHCl3);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.22(d,J=6Hz,3H),1.75-1.90(m,4H),2.50(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.70(m,2H),4.00(m,1H),4.20(dq,J=5.6Hz,18.4Hz,2H),4.31(m,2H),4.50(m,1H),4.55(m,2H),4.62(dd,J=4.2Hz,1H),5.20(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.23(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.50(d,J=8Hz,1H),5.90(m,1H),7.40(m,3H),7.60(m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.0,24.3,27.5,47.9,48.5,56.5,56.7,66.1,74.2,74.9,75.0,79.8,117.9,127.6,129.9,130.0,132.7,133.3,153.5,156.4,169.8;IR(film):3292,2979,1715,1644,1513,1442,1073,750,688cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+485.2。
{1-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基--丙基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸9H-芴-9-基甲基酯(6a)
向Fmoc-N(Me)L-Ala(6g,18.5mmol)和HOBt(2.5g,18.5mmol)和CH2Cl2(60ml)所构成的溶液中加入EDCI(3.5g,18.5mmol),0℃下搅拌1小时,此后转为室温继续搅拌1小时。室温下向该反应液中加入Pd(PPh3)4(3.6g,3.0mmol)、化合物4(3g,6.2mmol)的CH2Cl2(30ml)溶液和DABCO(3.7g,31mmol),继续搅拌15分钟。减压除去溶剂,利用硅胶柱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得浅黄色泡沫状化合物5(3.8g,89%)。[α]D-31.9(c 1.56,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(d,J=3.6Hz,3H),1.41(d,J=4.2Hz,3H),1.75-1.98(bm,4H),2.50(bs,1H),2.95(s,3H),3.60(bm,1H),3.70(bm,1H),4.01(bm,1H),4.10(dq J=5.6Hz,18.1Hz,2H),4.20(bm,1H),4.25(bm,1H),4.28(bm,2H),4.32(bm,1H),4.40(bm,2H),4.59(dd,J=4.2,8.0Hz,1H),6.81(bd,1H),7.28(bm,2H),7.34(bm,5H),7.52(br m,4H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.1,24.3,27.5,47.4,48.5,55.3,56.4,68.2,74.0,75.0,79.8,120.1,125.2,125.3,127.2,127.6,127.9,128.6,129.9,130.1,132.2,132.4,133.3,141.5,153.5,169.3,171.4;IR(film):3297,2978,1693,1650,1442,1400,1312,1157,10948,758,742cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+708.2。
{1-[2-二-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸9H-芴-9-基甲基酯(7a)
化合物6a(3.5g,4.9mmol)和Cu(OAc)2(6.2g,34.3mmol)在CH3CN中回流30分钟。除去有机溶剂,通过硅胶短柱过滤(CH2Cl2/MeOH 9∶1)除去Cu(II)盐,滤液蒸干后等浅黄色泡沫状粗品6(3.3g,94%)。取少量粗品精制,供光谱分析使用。[α]D-13.8(c 1.41,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.14(d,J=6Hz,6H),1.34(d,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.74-1.98(bm,8H),2.84(s,6H),3.60(bm,4H),3.87(bm,2H),4.09(ABq,J=16.8Hz,4H),4.20(bm,2H),4.24(m,2H),4.31(bm,4H),4.36(m,4H),4.60(dd,J=4.2Hz,2H),4.69(dd,J=4,8.8Hz,2H),6.80(bm,2H),7.28(bm,4H),7.34(bm,10H),7.52(bm,8H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,m,4H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.3,24.3,27.5,47.4,48.5,55.3,56.4,68.2,74.0,75.0,79.8,120.1,125.2,125.3,127.2,127.6,127.9,128.6,129.9,130.1,132.2,132.4,133.3,141.5,153.5,169.3,171.4;IR(film):2920,2850,1687,1643,1441,1311,1155,1083,741cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+1412。
二-2-甲基氨基-N(1-{1-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-炔基氧基-丙基}-丙酰胺(8a)
采用20%CH2Cl2-哌啶(21ml)处理化合物7a(3g,2.1mmol)的溶液,时间为5分钟。减压浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=8∶2∶0.5),得粘性泡沫状化合物7(1.4g 70%)。[α]D-7.4(c 0.23,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.19(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.28(d,J=7.2Hz 6H),1.78(m,4H),1.90(m,4H),2.50(s,6H),3.05(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.60(bm,2H),3.70(m,2H),4.01(m,2H),4.20(ABq,J=18.4Hz,4H),4.43(dd,J=4.0Hz&13.6Hz,2H),4.50(m,2H),4.70(dd,J=4Hz&13.6Hz,2H),4.75(dd,J=4,8.8Hz,2H),7.40(m,6H),7.60(m,4H),7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3):δ16.2,19.6,22.8,24.4,27.5,31.8,35.2,47.8,48.5,54.6,56.3,56.9,60.4,70.4,74.4,76.1,76.8,127.7,129.9,130.0,133.3,153.6,169.5,175.4;IR(film):3339,2975,1644,1513,1428,1086,751,667cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+969.4。
合成路线2
2-甲氨基-N-{2-(6-{1-甲基-2-(2-甲氨基-丙酰基氨基)-3-氧代-3-[2-(5-苯氧基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-基]-丙氧基}-己-2,4-二炔基氧基)-1-[2-(5-苯氧基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基-丙基]-丙酰胺(8b)。
根据合成路线2进行8b的合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.65-2.15(m,8H),2.50(s,6H),3.05(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.59(m,2H),3.75(m,2H),4.03(m,2H),4.20(ABq,J=11.6,16.4Hz,4H),4.39(m,2H),4.60(m,4H),4.67(dd,J=4.4Hz,8.4Hz,2H),7.20(m,2H),7.40(m,8H),7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);MS:(ESI)[M+1]+937.5。
合成路线3
N-(1-[2-(5-苄氧基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-{6-[3-[2-(5-苄氧基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-基]-1-甲基-2-(2-甲基氨基-丙酰基氨基)-3-氧代-丙氧基]-己-2,4-二炔基氧基}-丙基)-2-甲基氨基-丙酰胺(8c)。
根据合成路线3进行8c的合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.20(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.60(m,4H),1.81(m,4H),2.50(s,6H),3.05(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.51(m,4H),3.68(m,4H),4.03(m,2H),4.16(m,6H),4.36(dd,J=4.4,14.4Hz 2H),4.47(m,2H),4.67(dd,J=4.4,8.4Hz,2H),5.52(ABq,J=11.6,16.4Hz,4H),7.37(m,6H),7.48(m,4H),7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);MS:(ESI)[M/2]+482.4。
合成路线4
N-(1-[2-(5-苄基氨基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-羰基]-2-{6-[3-[2-(5-苄基氨基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-基]-1-甲基-2-(2-甲基氨基-丙酰基氨基)-3-氧代-丙氧基]-己-2,4-二炔基氧基}-丙基)-2-甲基氨基-丙酰胺(8d)。
根据合成路线4进行8d的合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.15(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.85-2.20(m,8H),2.50(s,6H),3.05(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.60(bm,2H),3.79(m,2H),3.96-4.40(m,14H),4.64(dd,J=8.8,14.8Hz,2H),4.73(dd,J=3.2,8.8Hz,2H),6.81(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.22(m,6H),7.39(m,4H),7.84(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);MS:(ESI)[M/2+Na]+485.4。
合成路线5
二-N-(1-{2-[5-苄基甲基氨基]-四唑-1-基甲基}-吡咯烷-1-羰基)-2-丙-2-炔基氧基-丙基)-2-甲基氨基-丙酰胺(8e)。
根据合成路线5进行8e的合成。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.15(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.79-2.15(m,8H),2.50(s,6H),3.05(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.15(s,6H),3.60(bm,4H),3.99(m,2H),4.10(m,6H),4.41(m,2H),4.51(m,4H),4.71(m 4H),7.25(m,10H),7.80(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);MS:(ESI)[M+Na]+1013.5。
合成路线6
(2S,4R)-2-叔丁基-4-(3-氯-苄基)-噁唑烷-3,4-二羧酸3-叔丁基酯4-甲基酯(11)
N2保护,于-78℃下向化合物10[1.Cagnon,J.;Bideau,F.;Marchand-Brynaert,J.;Ghosez,L.Tetrahedron Lett.,1997,38,2291;2.Seebach,D.;Aebi,J.D.Tetrahedron Lett.1984,25(24),2545-2548;3.Seebach,V.D.;Aebi,J.;Gander-Coquoz,M.;Naef,R.,Helvetica Chimica Acta,1987,70,1194-1216](1.0mmol)、3-氯苄溴(1.2mmol)和THF-HMPA(4∶1,10mL)所构成的溶液中滴加LHMDS(1.2mmol)的THF溶液,耗时30分钟。滴加完毕后于同一温度(-78℃)下搅拌反应30分钟。加入饱和NH4Cl(5mL)中止反应,反应液升温至室温。水相用Et2O萃取(3×20mL),合并有机相,用H2O(20mL)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。化合物11的粗品不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。取少量粗品,硅胶柱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=20∶1),用于光谱分析。[α]D-67.3(c 1.02,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ2.74(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),3.05(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),3.57(dd,J=1.5,10.8Hz,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.87(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),7.00(m,1H),7.12(m,1H),7.20-7.25(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ26.8,28.3,38.5,39.5,52.6,69.4,73.8,81.5,97.6,127.1,128.4,129.5,130.4,134.0,138.1,153.0,172.0;IR(film):2976,1743,1711,1359,1136cm-1;Mass(ESI)412.19([MH]+)。
(R)-2-氨基-2-(3-氯-苄基)-3-羟基-丙酸甲基酯(12)
N2保护,向化合物11的粗品(1mmol)和无水MeOH(5mL)所构成的溶液中滴加浓HCl(2mL),耗时1小时,此后搅拌反应过夜。除去溶剂后,0℃下用NaHCO3将残余物碱化。CH2Cl2(5×20mL)萃取,合并有机相,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。硅胶柱纯化.(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=500∶9∶1-100∶9∶1),得化合物(95%,以化合物10为计)。[α]D-3.6(c 1.45,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ2.75(d,J=13Hz,1H),3.05(d,J=13Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=10Hz,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.87(d,J=10Hz,1H),7.02(m,1H),7.13(m,1H),7.22-7.27(m,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ41.5,52.4,63.6,67.7,127.4,128.0,129.8,129.9,134.3,137.5,175.3;IR(film):3359,3300,3180,1736,1083cm-1;Mass(ESI)244.02([MH]+)。
(2S,1′R)1-Fmoc-2-[2′-(3″-氯-苯基)-1′-羟基甲基-1′-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-吡咯烷(13)
N2保护,向Fmoc-Pro-OH(1.0mmol)、氨基醇12(1.0mmol)和CH3CN(10mL)所构成的溶液中加入DMT-MM(1mmol),搅拌反应3小时。将反应液浓缩至原体积的一半。残余物用Et2O(30mL)稀释,用5%HCl(20mL)、H2O(20mL)、5%NaOH(20mL)、H2O(20mL)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。[α]D-41.8(c 1.75,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ1.82-1.94(m,2H),2.06-2.30(m,2H),3.02(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),3.44-3.58(m,3H),3.64(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.84(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.18-4.49(m,5H),6.89(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.05(s,2H),7.16(m,2H),7.30(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.75(d,J=7.6Hz,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ24.4,29.3,36.2,46.9,52.9,62.0,64.0,67.6,68.0,119.9,124.9,125.0,127.0,127.5,127.7,129.4,129.7,133.9,137.5,141.1,141.2,143.4,143.8,156.1,171.4,172.0;IR(film):3392,1741,1682,1418,758cm-1;Mass(ESI)585.10([MNa]+)。
(4R,2′S-4-(3″-氯-苄基)-2-[1′-Fmoc-吡咯烷-2′-基]-4,5-二氢-噁唑-4-羧酸甲基酯(14)
N2保护,向冷的(-78℃)化合物13(1.0mmol)的CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液中滴加DAST(1.2mmol),耗时10分钟,此后于-78℃下搅拌反应1小时。加入K2CO3(1.5mmol),反应液升温至室温。反应液用饱和NaHCO3(10mL)稀释,Et2O(3×20mL)萃取。合并有机相,H2O(10mL)饱和食盐水(10mL)洗,过滤,减压浓缩。硅胶柱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=2∶1),得白色产物14(72%,以化合物14为计)。[α]D-61.6(c 1.90,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz,光学异构体的混合物)δ1.77-2.21(m,4H),3.07和3.14(ABq,J=13.7/13.7Hz,2H),3.44-3.72(m,2H),3.56和3.70(s,3H),4.03-4.62(m,6H),6.98-7.24(m,4H),7.30(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.61(m,2H),7.75(dd,J=5.1,7.3Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz,光学异构体的混合物r)δ23.4和24.4,30.3和31.4,42.6和43.0,46.6和47.0,47.1和47.3,52.6和52.6,54.3和54.8,67.3和67.5,73.3和73.3,77.8和78.0,119.9,125.0和125.1,125.1和125.2,127.0和127.0,127.2和127.3,127.6,128.5,129.5和129.5,130.4和130.5,133.9和134.0,136.9和137.2,141.1和141.2,141.2,141.2,143.8和143.9,144.0和144.2,154.4和154.6,169.2和169.6,172.7和172.8;IR(film):2952,1735,1705,1417cm-1;Mass(ESI)567.15([MNa]+)。
(2S,3S)-1-Alloc-3-甲基-吖丙啶-2-羧酸甲基酯
N2保护,0℃下向已知化合物(2S,3S)-3-甲基-1-三苯甲游基-吖丙啶-2-甲酸甲酯[1.Mckeever,B.;Pattenden,G.Tetrahedron,2003,59,2713-2727;2.Wipf,P.;Uto,Y.,J.Org.Chem.,2000,65,1037-1049](20g,56mmol)、CH2Cl2(100mL)和MeOH(2.3mL)所构成的溶液中加入TFA(8.6mL,112mmol),搅拌反应1小时。减压除去溶剂,将固体残余物溶于Et2O,再除去溶剂,重复操作2次,将TFA完全除去。将固体残余物溶于Et2O,H2O萃取(5×30mL)。合并水相,0℃下分批小心加入NaHCO3,此后加入EtOAc(56mL),0℃下滴加氯甲酸烯丙酯(8.9mL,84mmol),此后于室温下搅拌反应16小时。EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取,合并有机相,H2O(50mL)和饱和食盐水(50mL)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。柱色谱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=10∶1)得产物(59%)。[α]D-81.7(c 1.02,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ1.36(d,J=5.7Hz,3H),2.83(dq,J=5.7,6.7Hz,1H),3.19(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),4.61(m,2H),5.26(dd,J=1.2,10.4Hz,1H),5.33(dd,J=1.5,17.2Hz,1H),5.91(ddt,J=5.7,10.4,17.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ12.8,38.8,39.7,52.3,67.3,118.8,131.5,161.3,167.5;IR(film):1733,1296,1282,1204cm-1;Mass(ESI)200.10([MH]+)。
(2S,3R)-2-Alloc-氨基-3-丙-2′-炔基氧基-丁酸甲基酯
N2保护,室温下向上述产物(3.2g,16mmol)和炔丙醇(186mL)所构成的溶液中加入BF3·Et2O(4.1mL,32mmol),搅拌反应1小时。减压浓缩,残余物溶于水(50mL)中,Et2O(3×40mL)萃取。合并有机相,H2O(30mL)和饱和食盐水(30mL)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。柱色谱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=10∶1),得炔丙基苏氨酸衍生物(95%)。[α]D 6.9(c 1.53,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ1.24(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),2.41(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),4.12(qd,J=2.4,16.1Hz,2H),4.31(m,1H),4.36(dd,J=2.2,9.5Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=5.5Hz,2H),5.22(dd,J=1.1,10.4Hz,1H),5.33(dd,J=1.5,17.2Hz,1H),5.43(br d,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.93(ddt,J=5.5,10.8,17.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ15.9,52.4,56.0,58.5,65.9,73.8,74.4,79.2,117.7,132.6,156.5,171.0;IR(film):3292,1750,1724,1517,1212,1075cm-1;Mass(ESI)256.17([MH]+)。
(2S,3R)-2-Alloc-1氨基-3-丙-2′-炔基氧基-丁酸(9)
N2保护,将以上化合物(1g,3.9mmol),0.26N HCl(15mL)和AcOH(45mL)所构成的溶液回流20小时。将反应液浓缩,短柱分离(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1),得产物9(95%)。[α]D-1.6(c 0.99,CHCl3);1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ1.27(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),2.45(t,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.17(qd,J=2.2,15.9Hz,2H),4.34(m,1H),4.41(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=5.5Hz,2H),5.23(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),5.47(br d,J=9.2Hz,1H),5.92(ddt,J=5.5,10.7,17.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ16.3,56.5,58.7,66.3,74.2,75.2,79.2,118.1,132.7,156.9,175.8;IR(film):3293,1717,1522,1076cm-1;Mass(ESI)242.04([MH]+)。
(4R,2′S)-2-[1′-Alloc-Thr(炔丙基)-吡咯烷-2′-基]-4-(3″-氯-苄基)-4,5-二氢-噁唑-4-羧酸甲基酯(15)
采用20%哌啶-CH2Cl2(10mL)处理化合物14(634mg,1.16mmol)。将反应液浓缩,短柱分离(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=200∶9∶1)。产物溶于DMF,0℃下加入化合物9(309mg,1.28mmol)、DIPEA(404μL,2.32mmol)和HATU(487mg,1.28mmol),搅拌反应30分钟。反应液用Et2O稀释,加入饱和NaHCO3。水相用Et2O萃取,合并有机相,H2O(30mL)和饱和食盐水(30mL)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。柱色谱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=10∶1),得化合物15(55%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,光学异构体的混合物)δ1.20和1.24(d,J=6.2/6.2Hz,3H),1.83-2.24(m,4H),2.40和2.43(t,J=2.4/2.4Hz,1H),3.11和3.27(ABq,J=13.7/13,9Hz,2H),3.72-3.75(s,3H),3.50-4.97(m,13H),5.20-5.30(m,2H),5.68和5.78(d,J=8.2/8.4Hz,1H),5.90(m,1H),7.08(m,1H),7.17-7.25(m,3H);Mass(ESI)546.15([MH]+),568.10([MNa]+)
(4R,2′S)-2-[1′-Fmoc-Ala-Thr(炔丙基)-吡咯烷-2′-基]-4-(3″-氯-苄基)-4,5-二氢-噁唑-4-羧酸甲基酯(16)
N2保护,0℃下向Fmoc-Ala-OH(633mg,1.9mmol),HOBt(305mg,1.9mmol)和CH2Cl2(40mL)所构成的溶液中加入EDCI(369mg,1.9mmol),0℃下搅拌反应1小时,此后转为室温搅拌反应1小时。向反应液中加入Pd(PPh3)4(295mg,0.26mmol),化合物15(350mg,0.64mmol)的溶液和DABCO(359mg,3.2mmol),搅拌反应20分钟。减压浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=1∶1-1∶9),得化合物16(99%)。1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz,光学异构体的混合物)δ1.17和1.22(d,J=6.4/64Hz,3H),1.40(br d,J=7.7Hz,3H),1.81-2.16(m,4H),2.31and 2.38(t,J=2.4/2.4Hz,1H),3.10和3.24(ABq,J=13.9/13.9Hz,2H),3.72和3.74(s,3H),3.70-5.00(m,9H),5.36(m,1H),6.75(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.05-7.70(m,10H),7.76(d,J=7.5Hz,2H);Mass(ESI)755.15([MH]+)。
化合物17a
氧气氛下将化合物18(34mg,0.045mmol),CuI(8.6mg,0.045mmol),吡啶(11μL,0.135mmol)和THF(0.45mL)所构成的混合物搅拌反应20小时。反应液用10%甘氨酸水溶液稀释,CH2Cl2萃取(5×5mL)。合并有机相,MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物用20%哌啶-DMF处理10分钟。反应液浓缩,制备TLC纯化(CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=100∶9∶1),得化合物17a(46%,以化合物18为计)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,20具有旋转异构体,仅显示了主要的旋转异构体)δ1.21(d,J=6.2Hz,6H),1.36(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.80-2.12(m,8H),3.11(ABq,J=13.7Hz,4H),3.48-3.96(m),4.15(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),4.30(q,J=16.5Hz,4H),4.58(d,J=9.2Hz 2H),4.61-4.93(m),7.06-7.10 8(m,2H),7.17-7.24(m,6H),7.94(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);Mass(ESI)532.38([[M+/2]H]+),1063.61([MH]+)。
按以上相同方法合成N-Me二聚体(R=Me,17b)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,17b含有旋转异构体)δ1.19和1.22(d,J=6.2/6.4Hz,6H),1.29和1.31(d,J=6.6/6.8Hz,6H),1.80-2.12(m,8H),2.40和2.42(s,6H),3.10和3.28(ABq,J=13.6/13.8Hz,4H),3.72和3.74(s,6H),3.71-3.96(m,6H),4.14和4.28(ABq中的A,J=9.2/9.0Hz,2H),4.31(ABq,J=16.3Hz,2H),4.58和4.62(ABq中的B,J=9.2/9.0Hz,2H),4.66-4.94(m,2H),7.06-7.10(m,2H),7.18-7.25(m,6H),7.80(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);Mass(ESI)546.85([[M+/2]H]+),1113.35([MNa]+)。
合成路线7
[5-(3,5-二碘-苯基氨甲酰基)-戊基]-氨基甲酸-2-三甲基硅烷基-乙基酯(21)
向3,5-二碘苯胺[Dininno,F.;Guthikonda,R.N.;Schmitt,S.M.1994 US5292879 A](1g,2.90mmol),6-(2-三甲硅基乙氧羰基氨基)-己酸(1g,3.77mmol)和DMF(12ml)所构成的反应液中加入DIPEA(0.9ml,5.8mmol)和HATU(1.65g,4.35mmol)。室温搅拌反应过夜。反应液用Et2O稀释,加入饱和NaHCO3,分相,水相用Et2O萃取(3×40ml)。合并有机相,5%HCl(30ml),H2O(50ml),饱和NaHCO3(30ml)和饱和食盐水(30ml)洗,MgSO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。硅胶柱纯化(己烷∶EtOAc=6∶4),得化合物21(1g,59%),为无色粉末状物。1H NMR(300MHz,(CD3)2SO):δ0.09(S,9H),0.84(t,J=2.1Hz,2H),1.34(m,2H),1.40(m,2H),1.50(m,2H),2.41(t,J=1.8Hz,2H),2.47(m,2H),2.89(m,2H),4.01(t,2H),6.92(bt,1H),7.68(m,1H),7.99(m,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,(CD3)2SO):δ-0.72,18.0,25.2,26.4,29.9,36.9,61.9,96.4,127.0,139.0,142.3,156.9,172.2;IR(film):3326,2853,2361,1687,1541,1450,1249,837cm-1;MS:(ESI))[M+Na]+624.96.
[4-(2-氧代-六氢-噻吩并[3,4-d]咪唑-6-基]-丁酰基氨基)-己酸(3,5-二碘-苯基)-酰胺(22a)
用50%TFA-CH2Cl2(4ml)处理化合物21(0.37g,0.61mmol),反应1小时。除去溶剂得粗产品,不经分离直接用于下一步反应。
向这种盐(0.34g,0.59mmol)、(+)-生物素(0.18g,0.76mmol)和DMF(4ml)所构成的反应液中加入DIPEA(0.3ml,1.7mmol)和HATU(0.33g,0.88mmol)。室温搅拌反应过夜。减压浓缩,硅胶柱纯化(MeOH∶CHCl3∶NH4OH=1∶9∶0.1),得到片状化合物22a(0.3g,84%)。[α]D+16(c 1,DMF).1H NMR(400MHz,(CD3)2SO):δ1.25-1.60(m,12H),1.95(t,J=1.8Hz,2H),2.27(m,2H),2.89(m,2H),3.01(m,2H),3.15(m,4H),3.61(m,2H),4.15(m,1H),4.25(m,1H),6.40(d,1H),7.60(s,1H),8.00(s,2H);13C NMR(75MHz,(CD3)2SO):25.2,26.0,26.6,28.6,28.8,29.6,35.8,36.9,38.7,42.4,54.0,56.1,59.7,96.4,126.9,139.0,142.2;IR(film)3296,2930,1675,1571,1201,719cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+Na]+707。
6-[4-(2-氧代-六氢-噻吩并[3,4-d]咪唑-6-基)-丁酰基氨基]-己酸(3,5-二-(3-{1-甲基-2-(1-甲基氨基-乙基氨基)-3-氧代-3-[2-(5-苯基硫烷基-四唑-1-基甲基)-吡咯烷-1-基]-丙氧基}-丙-1-炔基)-苯基)-酰胺(24a)
向22a(0.026g,0.039mmol)和23a(0.038g,0.078mmol)的DMF溶液中加入PdCl2(PPh3)2(2.7mg,10mol%)、Cul(1.1mg,16mol%)和Et3N(27μl,0.19mmol)。室温搅拌反应5小时。除去溶剂,制备TLC纯化(CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH=8∶2∶0.4),得目标化合物24a,产率60%。[α]D+10(c 1,CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.09(d,J=8.4Hz,6H),1.11(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.45-1.81(m,20H),1.97(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.13(dd,J=4.4,12Hz,2H),2.21(s,6H),2.53(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),2.89(m,5H),3.40(m,2H),3.42-3.60(m,4H),3.95(m,2H),4.15(m,2H),4.19(ABq,J=19.0Hz,4H),4.37(m,2H),4.45(dd,J=4.8,14Hz,2H),4.57(bd,2H),6.95(s,1H),7.22(m,6H),7.38(m,4H),7.78(s,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3):16.1,19.6,24.3,24.9,25.5,26.2,27.5,27.7,29.1,35.2,37.1,39.2,40.9,47.8,48.8,54.9,55.7,56.2,56.8,60.3,61.9,73.5,84.8,85.9,93.8,122.1,127.6,128.8,130.0,133.5,135.1,139.8,163.9,169.7,173.4,185.6;I.R:3307,2931,1651,1430,1087,667cm-1;MS:(ESI)[M+1]+1399.9。
合成路线8
化合物33a
根据合成路线8合成33a。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ1.18(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),1.23(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),1.31(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.32(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.75-2.00(m,8H),2.40(s,3H),2.43(s,3H),3.07(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.12(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.40-3.78(m,7H),3,97(dq,J=4.8,6.2Hz,1H),4.06(dq,J=4.4,6.2Hz,1H),4.21-4.48(m,5H),4.68(dd,J=4.0,13.4Hz,1H),4.75(dd,J=4.4,8.8Hz,1H),7.40(m,3H),7.62(m,2H),7.81(bd,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.88(bd,J=8.6Hz,1H);Mass(ESI)[MNa]+801.35。
合成路线9
a:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=SPh k:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=SPh
b:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=OPh l:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=OPh
c:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=OBn m:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=OBn
d:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=NHBn n:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=NHBn
e:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=NMeBn o:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=NMeBn
f:R1=H,R2=H,Z=SPh p:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=SPh
g:R1=H,R2=H,Z=OPh q:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=OPh
h:R1=H,R2=H,Z=OBn r:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=OBn
i:R1=H,R2=H,Z=NHBn s:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=NHBn
j:R1=H,R2=H,Z=NMeBn t:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=NMeBn
按6a-e相同方法合成6f-t。
合成路线10
b:RI=Me,R2=H,X=m-Cl k:R1=H,R2=Me,X=m-Clf:R1=Me,R2=H,X=o-Cl l:R1=H,R2=Me,X=o-Clc:R1=Me,R2=H,X=o-Cl m:R1=H,R2=Me,X=p-Cld:R1=Me,R2=H,X=H n:R1=H,R2=Me,X=He:R1=Me,R2=H,X=p-F o:R1=H,R2=Me,X=p-Fa:R1=H,R2=H,X=m-Cl p:R1=Me,R2=Me,X=m-Clg:R1=H,R2=H,X=o-Cl q:R1=Me,R2=Me,X=o-Clh:R1=H,R2=H,X=p-Cl r:R1=Me,R2=Me,X=p-Cli:R1=H,R2=H,X=H s:R1=Me,R2=Me,X=Hj:R1=H,R2=H,X=p-F t:R1=Me,R2=Me,X=p-F
按16a,b相同方法合成16c-t。
合成路线11
按31a相同方法合成31b-d。
合成路线12
6a-t或16a-t和6a-t或16a-t或31a-d所构成的所有均二聚体和交叉二聚体均包括在内。
按8a-e相同方法合成18。
合成路线13
6′a-t或16′a-t和6′a-t或16′a-t或31′a-d所构成的所有均二聚体和交叉二聚体均包括在内。
6′a-t、16′a-t和31′a-d是由6a-t或16a-t或31a-d通过哌啶处理制得的。
按24a相同方法合成19。
合成路线14
化合物40:[Freskos,J.N.Synthotic Communications(1994).24(4).557-63]
42a-t和42a-t所构成的所有均二聚体和交叉二聚体均包括在内。
以Et2O作溶剂,在Ag2O存在下将42a-t与炔丙基二溴反应,由此制备化合物60。
合成路线15
a:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=SPh k:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=SPh
b:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=OPh l:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=OPh
c:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=OBn m:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=OBn
d:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=NHBn n:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=NHBn
o:R1=Me,R2=H,Z=NMeBn o:R1=H,R2=Me,Z=NMeBn
f:R1=H,R2=H,Z=SPh p:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=SPh
g:R1=H,R2=H,Z=OPh q:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=OPh
h:R1=H,R2=H,Z=OBn r:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=OBn
i:R1=H.R2=H,Z=NHBn s:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=NHBn
j:R1=H.R2=H,Z=NMeBn t:R1=Me,R2=Me,Z=NMeBn
按化合物60相同方法,以Et2O作溶剂,在Ag2O存在下与炔丙基溴反应,经标准后处理后制备化合物43a-t。
合成路线16
R1,R2,R1′,R2′=H or Me
Z,Z′=SPh,NHBn,
NMeBn,Oph,OBn
43a-t和43a-t所构成的所有均二聚体和交叉二聚体均包括在内。按上述化合物18相同方法,采用Cu(OAc)2和CH3CN合成化合物61。
合成路线17
43a-t和6a-t或16a-t或31a-d所构成的所有均二聚体和交叉二聚体均包括在内。
按上述化合物18相同方法,采用Cu(OAc)2在CH3CN中合成化合物62。
Claims (25)
2、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1和R1’选自氢原子和甲基。
3、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R2和R2’选自甲基和乙基。
4、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3和R3’为NH。
5、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R4和R4’为CH。
6、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R5和R5’为C1-C3烷基。
7、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1和R1’选自氢原子和甲基;R2和R2’选自甲基和乙基;R3和R3’为NH;R4为CH;R5和R5’为C1-C3烷基;以及L将R5、R6或R7与R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接。
8、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R6/R6’和R7/R7’或者R7/R7’或R8/R8’相互连接构成5至8元环。
9、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R7和R8连接构成5或6元环。
10、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R6和R7连接构成5或6元环。
11、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R6和R7连接构成5元环;而L将该环与R2’、R5’、R6’或R7’共价连接。
12、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R8包含5或6元环。
13、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R8包含5元环,其中包含至少一个杂原子、至少一个取代基、以及至少一个不饱和基团。
14、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1/R1’和R2/R2’连接构成5元环。
15、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中L是一个连续的链,其中含有4至100个原子,分子量在40至1kD之间。
16、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中L是一个任选杂的、任选取代的二炔基。
17、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中L被质子化或烷基化的胺基取代,其中该化合物是一种三胺。
18、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述二聚体相对于所述连接基团是对称的。
19、根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述二聚体是对称的。
20、一种药用组合物,其包含根据权利要求1所述的化合物以及药学可接受的赋形剂。
21、一种药用组合物,其包含根据权利要求1所述的化合物、药学可接受的赋形剂、以及共同包装的描述了该组合物在治疗与caspase活性异常有关的疾病中的使用说明。
22、根据权利要求20所述的药用组合物,其包含单位剂量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物。
23、一种治疗与caspase活性异常有关的疾病的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:给药有效剂量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物,以及检测由此所致的与所述疾病有关的病理学的改善。
24、一种治疗与caspase活性异常有关的疾病的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:给药有效剂量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物,以及检测由此所致的与所述疾病有关的病理学的改善,其中所述疾病为炎症或新增殖性疾病。
25、一种抑制caspase的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将含有caspase的组合物和有效量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物进行接触,以及检测所得的caspase活性降低。
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CN101668426A (zh) * | 2007-04-12 | 2010-03-10 | 焦阳特制药股份有限公司 | 可用作抗癌药的smac模拟二聚体和三聚体 |
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US10980850B2 (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2021-04-20 | Guangzhou Virotech Phamaceutical Co., Ltd. | Use of IAP inhibitor and oncolytic virus in preparation of anti-tumor drug |
CN109400496A (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波大学 | 一种1,3-丁二炔衍生物的绿色制备方法 |
CN109400496B (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-04-06 | 宁波大学 | 一种1,3-丁二炔衍生物的制备方法 |
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US20050197403A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
US7816538B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
CA2582734A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1723122B1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
WO2005084317A2 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
JP2007526321A (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
EP1723122A2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
EP1723122A4 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
US20090312379A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
AU2005218555A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US8143418B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 |
US20110124585A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
WO2005084317A3 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
US7884211B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
US20090281155A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
AU2005218555B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
US7638544B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
US20080119532A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
JP4674231B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
CA2582734C (en) | 2011-05-03 |
USRE46129E1 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
US7309792B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 |
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