CN1876734A - 收缩抑制剂和含该抑制剂的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物 - Google Patents
收缩抑制剂和含该抑制剂的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1876734A CN1876734A CNA2006101060359A CN200610106035A CN1876734A CN 1876734 A CN1876734 A CN 1876734A CN A2006101060359 A CNA2006101060359 A CN A2006101060359A CN 200610106035 A CN200610106035 A CN 200610106035A CN 1876734 A CN1876734 A CN 1876734A
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- monomer
- polymerizable unsaturated
- unsaturated group
- methyl
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/44—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
- C09D5/448—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications characterised by the additives used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D123/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
- C09D123/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能够同时有效抑制自收缩和油收缩的丙烯酸类共聚物型收缩抑制剂。该用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂是数均分子量为1000-50000的由单体混合物聚合得到的聚合物,该单体混合物包含:(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体和(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,其特征在于,上述单体混合物中,含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)的量占20质量%或更多,含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)和含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)的总量为40质量%或更多,且上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)的量大于上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种通过添加到阳离子电沉积涂料组合物中而抑制收缩产生的添加剂。
背景技术
[0002]通过涂覆阳离子电沉积涂料组合物得到的涂膜,由于具有高防锈性,已经如此广泛地以及在工业上得到使用,以致以汽车车身的底漆作为代表。当这些由电沉积阳离子电沉积涂料组合物获得的未固化膜通过烘焙固化时,存在于该未固化膜中的挥发性组分的挥发有时候会导致涂膜缺陷,如针孔或凹坑,这被称作自收缩。另一方面,烘焙过程中从周围散布的油滴对涂膜表面的粘附有时候会导致不合格,如许多凹坑的产生,与上述自收缩相对地称之为油收缩。
[0003]众所周知,上述自收缩能够通过减小表面张力得到解决。然而,表面张力的减小会导致新的问题,即,会导致对面漆涂膜的粘着性的降低。为了解决这个问题,在日本未经审查的专利公布No.10-110125中公开了一种阳离子电沉积涂料组合物,该组合物含有作为收缩抑制剂的丙烯酸类共聚物,该共聚物由作为必要组分的含羟基丙烯酸类单体、含氨基丙烯酸类单体和包含没有羟基的醚基的丙烯酸类单体得到。
[0004]然而,这种收缩抑制剂能够有效地防止自收缩,却仍不能充分抑制油收缩。为了弥补这一缺陷,可以添加交联的树脂颗粒来改进油收缩,但又会带来涂膜外观的劣化。
发明内容
[0005]本发明的目的是获得能够同时有效抑制自收缩和油收缩的丙烯酸类共聚物型收缩抑制剂。
[0006]本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂是数均分子量为1000-50000的聚合物,该聚合物由单体混合物聚合得到,该单体混合物包含:(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体和(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,其特征在于,上述单体混合物中单体(A)的量占20质量%或更多,上述单体(A)和单体(B)的总量为40质量%或更多,且上述单体(B)的量大于上述单体(A)。这里,在上述单体(A)中的链烃基的碳数可以为18或更少。
[0007]本发明的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物包含以固含量比计、相对粘合剂组分为0.1-30质量%的上述收缩抑制剂。
具体实施方式
[0008]由于以特定比率包含(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,和(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂不仅能够抑制自收缩,而且能够抑制油收缩。也就是说,认为在一定比率或更大下包含具有长链的单体(A)能够同时抑制自收缩和油收缩,而包含多于上述具有长链的单体(A)的具有氨基的单体(B)能够保持对面漆涂料的良好粘着性。由于产生的效果不受树脂种类的限制,本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂能够用于许多涂料,只要它们是阳离子电沉积涂料组合物。
[0009]本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂由单体混合物聚合得到,该单体混合物包含(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体和(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体。
[0010]认为上述具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)有助于减小所获得的涂膜的表面自由能,以及同时抑制自收缩和油收缩。
[0011]所述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)中的上述碳数为6或更大的链烃基可以是直链的或支化的。上述链烃基的碳数的上限优选是18。该碳数为6或更大的链烃基的实例包括己基、乙基己基、辛基、壬基、十二烷基和硬脂基。
[0012]上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)的具体例子包括(甲基)丙烯酸己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二烷基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂基酯。在本说明书中,(甲基)丙烯酸酯表示甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯。
[0013]上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)在上述单体混合物中的含量为20质量%或更多。该含量低于20质量%可能导致不能抑制收缩。上述含量的上限值优选是50质量%。当上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)是两种或更多种时,上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)的含量是指它们的总含量。
[0014]另一方面,认为具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)的功能,是在不提高由上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)减小的表面自由能的情况下,提供对面漆涂料的粘着。上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)的具体例子包括(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基丙基酯。
[0015]设定上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)在上述单体混合物中的含量,以使得上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)和含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)的总量为40质量%或更多,且上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)的含量大于上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)的含量。不满足这些条件的情况会导致抑制收缩和面漆涂料的粘着之间的兼容变得困难。
[0016]用于获得本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂的单体混合物可以典型地包含除上述含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A)和含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(B)之外的其它单体。上述其它单体通常为不含极性基团的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体。此类单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸甲基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己基酯、苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯。
[0017]通过利用具有氨基之外的极性基团的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体作为上述其它单体可以改进与面漆涂料的粘着。上述除氨基之外的极性基团的实例包括羟基、羧基、不具有羟基的醚基、腈基和酰胺基。上述具有羟基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟基丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟基己基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟基丁基酯和羟烷基单(甲基)丙烯酸酯的ε-己内酯加合物,具有羧基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的实例包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸,具有不含羟基的醚基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙氧基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙氧基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己基丁氧基乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己氧基丁基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸糠基酯,具有腈基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯腈,和具有酰胺基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酰胺、羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺和羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。
[0018]然而,使用上述具有氨基之外的极性基团的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,可能会降低抑制收缩的效果。因此,以不使本发明效果劣化的量使用上述具有氨基之外的极性基团的包含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,例如,占该单体混合物的5质量%或更少。
[0019]本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂可以通过聚合上述单体混合物得到。该聚合由通常熟知的溶液聚合进行。用于所述聚合的聚合引发剂的实例包括有机过氧化物如过氧化苯甲酰、叔丁基过苯甲酸酯、叔丁基氢过氧化物、二叔丁基过氧化物和叔丁基过辛酸酯,或偶氮化合物如偶氮二异丁腈和偶氮异丁酸腈。聚合引发剂可以单独使用或者以两种或更多种的适当组合使用。聚合引发剂的添加量优选为单体混合物的0.1-15质量%。使用有机过氧化物作为聚合引发剂有时候会导致获得的用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂具有酸值,例如,在这种情况下以固含量计为50或更小。
[0020]用于所述聚合的溶剂的实例包括芳族烃如甲苯和二甲苯,酮类如甲基异丁基酮、环己酮和异佛尔酮,酯类如乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯,以及醇类如正丁醇、乙基溶纤剂、丁基溶纤剂、甲氧基丙醇和二甘醇单丁醚。上述溶剂可以单独使用,也可以以多种组合的混合溶剂形式使用。
[0021]上述聚合的反应温度优选为50-170℃,更优选80-150℃。
[0022]本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂的数均分子量为1000-50000。数均分子量低于1000会导致抑制收缩的效果不足,而数均分子量超过50000会可能导致涂膜表面平滑度的降低。可以通过聚合条件和使用链转移剂如十二烷硫醇和硫基乙醇酸2-乙基己基酯,来调节上述分子量。
[0023]本发明用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂典型地处于溶解在用于上述聚合的溶剂中的状态,其固含量优选为5-80质量%。不在此范围的固含量可能会导致处理的困难。
[0024]本发明的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物包含以固含量比计、相对粘合剂组分为0.1-30质量%,优选1-10质量%的上述收缩抑制剂。上述粘合剂组分包括具有阳离子基团的基质树脂和用于固化该树脂的固化剂。上述具有阳离子基团的基质树脂的一般实例包括环氧改性基质树脂、丙烯酸类改性基质树脂和它们两者,只要可电沉积,对该基质树脂没有特别的规定。
[0025]上述具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂由作为原料的环氧树脂与胺类如伯、仲和叔胺酸盐,以及硫化物和酸的混合物的反应开环氧环而得到。“阳离子基团”在本说明书中表示阳离子本身和通过添加酸得到的阳离子。原料树脂的典型实例是作为多环酚化合物如双酚A、双酚F、双酚S、线型酚醛清漆树脂和甲酚线型酚醛树脂与表氯醇的反应产物的多元酚聚缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂。原料树脂的其它实例包括描述于日本未经审查专利公布No.5-306327中的包含唑烷酮环的环氧树脂。这种环氧树脂由二氨酯化合物与表氯醇反应得到,该二氨酯化合物通过用低级醇如甲醇和乙醇封端二异氰酸酯化合物或它的NCO基得到。
[0026]上述作为原料的环氧树脂,可以在由胺和硫化物进行环氧环的开环反应之前,通过以双官能的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、双酚类、二羧酸等的扩链而使用。此外,为了调节分子量或胺当量,以及改进热流动性能,该环氧树脂可以在环氧环的开环反应之前,通过单羟基化合物如十二烷基苯酚、甲酚、叔丁基苯酚、壬基苯酚,以及一元羧酸如硬脂酸和辛酸对部分环氧环的加成而使用。
[0027]能够用于开环氧环以引入氨基的胺类的实例包括伯、仲或叔胺酸盐如丁胺、辛胺、二乙胺、二丁胺、甲丁胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、二亚乙基三胺、三乙胺酸盐和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺酸盐。还可以使用酮亚胺封端的含伯氨基的仲胺,如氨基乙基乙醇胺甲基异丁基酮亚胺。这些胺需要与80%或更多的环氧环起反应。
[0028]与之相对的,硫化物的实例包括乙硫醚、二丙基硫化物、二丁基硫化物、二己基硫化物、二苯硫醚、乙基苯基硫化物、四氢噻吩、五甲撑硫、硫代二乙醇、硫代二丙醇、硫代二丁醇、1-(2-羟乙基硫)-2-丙醇、1-(2-羟乙基硫)-2-丁醇和1-(2-羟乙基硫)-3-丁氧基-1-丙醇,以及酸的实例包括甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、丙酸、硼酸、丁酸、二羟甲基丙酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、N-乙酰甘氨酸、N-乙酰基-β-丙氨酸和氨基磺酸。
[0029]上述环氧改性基质树脂的数均分子量优选为600-4000。数均分子量低于600有时候会降低所获得涂膜的物理性能如耐溶剂性和耐腐蚀性。相反地,数均分子量超过4000有时不仅会导致由于树脂溶液粘度难于控制而引起的合成困难,而且会导致所获得的树脂的操作处理如乳化分散变得困难。另外,这种高粘度有时会由于加热和固化时流动性能差而使涂膜的外观明显劣化。上述环氧改性基质树脂的氨基值或锍值优选为30-150,更优选45-120。氨基值或锍值低于30会导致难以获得稳定的乳液,而氨基值或锍值超过150可能会导致电沉积涂料的可加工性,如库仑效率(coulombic efficiency)和再溶解性问题。该“值”在本说明书的单位是mgKOH/g。
[0030]另一方面,上述丙烯酸类改性基质树脂可以是含氨基的丙烯酸类树脂。上述含氨基的丙烯酸类树脂可以通过具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体、具有羟基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体和描述的如上述收缩抑制剂中的其它单体的共聚而得到。
[0031]可以使以(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为代表的具有环氧基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,来替代上述具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体与仲胺反应。在这种情况下,具有环氧基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体优选通过使具有羟基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体与其他不饱和乙烯基单体共聚的方法得到,从而使所得共聚物中的环氧基团与仲胺反应。能够用于与上述环氧基起反应的仲胺的实例包括二乙胺、二丁胺、二环己基胺、吗啉、二乙醇胺和N-甲基乙醇胺,特别优选在分子上具有羟基和仲氨基的胺。还可以使用二亚乙基三胺的甲基异丁基酮二酮亚胺酯和2-(2-氨基乙基氨基)乙醇的甲基异丁基酮单酮亚胺酯。
[0032]可以通过常用方法如溶液聚合法进行上述含氨基的丙烯酸类树脂的聚合。该共聚物的数均分子量为1000-50000,优选2000-20000,也可以根据情况,通过使用链转移剂如十二烷硫醇和硫基乙醇酸2-乙基己基酯调节该聚合度。
[0033]半封端的二异氰酸酯化合物与羟基的加成也使得上述含氨基丙烯酸聚合物进行自交联。上述半封端表示用封端剂封端二异氰酸酯的一个异氰酸酯基。
[0034]上述二异氰酸酯化合物和上述用于半封端的封端剂将在后面提到的封端异氰酸酯固化剂中进行描述,以及上述二异氰酸酯化合物的优选实例包括脂环族二异氰酸酯如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4,4′-亚甲基双(环己基异氰酸酯)、4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和降冰片烷二异氰酸酯。上述用于半封端的封端剂的优选实例包括醇类如正丁醇、2-乙基己醇、乙二醇单丁醚和环己醇;酚类如苯酚、硝基苯酚、甲酚和壬基酚;肟类如二甲基酮肟、甲基乙基酮肟和甲基异丁基酮肟;和内酰胺如ε-己内酰胺。
[0035]作为本发明阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的另一粘合剂组分的固化剂通常是封端异氰酸酯固化剂。除上述封端异氰酸酯固化剂之外,也可以使用蜜胺固化剂。
[0036]通过使具有两个或多个异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯化合物与加成至该多异氰酸酯化合物的异氰酸酯基的封端剂反应得到上述封端异氰酸酯固化剂,它在常温下是稳定的,并且通过加热到超过离解温度能够再产生游离异氰酸酯基。
[0037]上述多异氰酸酯化合物的实例包括亚烷基二异氰酸酯如三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;亚环烷基二异氰酸酯如二(异氰酸酯甲基)环己烷、环戊烷二异氰酸酯、环己烷二异氰酸酯和异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯;芳族二异氰酸酯如甲苯二异氰酸酯、苯撑二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和二苯基醚二异氰酸酯;芳脂族二异氰酸酯如亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯和二异氰酸酯二乙苯;三异氰酸酯如三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯苯和三异氰酸酯甲苯;四异氰酸酯如二苯基二甲基甲烷四异氰酸酯;聚合多异氰酸酯如甲苯二异氰酸酯的二聚物或三聚物;以及含封端异氰酸酯的化合物,该含封端异氰酸酯的化合物由上述多种多异氰酸酯化合物与低分子含活性氢的有机化合物,如乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、氢化双酚A、己烷三醇、甘油、季戊四醇、蓖麻油和三乙醇胺反应得到。
[0038]另一方面,上述封端剂的实例包括酚封端剂如苯酚、甲酚、二甲苯酚、氯苯酚和乙基苯酚;内酰胺封端剂如ε-己内酰胺、δ-戊内酰胺、γ-丁内酰胺和β-丙内酰胺;活性亚甲基封端剂如乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙酰丙酮;醇类封端剂如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、苄醇、乙醇酸甲酯、乙醇酸丁酯、双丙酮醇、乳酸甲酯和乳酸乙酯;肟封端剂如甲醛肟、乙醛肟、丙酮肟、甲基乙基酮肟、二乙酰一肟和环己烷肟;硫醇封端剂如丁硫醇、己硫醇、叔丁硫醇、苯硫酚、甲基苯硫酚和乙基苯硫酚;酰胺封端剂如乙酰胺和苯甲酰胺;酰亚胺封端剂如琥珀酰亚胺和马来酰亚胺;以及咪唑封端剂如咪唑和2-乙基咪唑。当需要低温固化性时,优选使用至少一种选自酚、内酰胺和肟的封端剂。上述环氧改性基质树脂与封端异氰酸酯固化剂的固含量重量比优选为50/50-90/10,更优选60/40-80/20。不在此范围的重量比可能会在可固化性上出现问题。
[0039]本发明阳离子电沉积涂料组合物还包含用于水分散上述组分的中和用酸。该中和用酸的实例包括上述与硫化物结合使用的相同的酸。这种酸的用量随上述具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂中的氨基或锍基含量而变化,优选以能够水分散的量使用。
[0040]本发明阳离子电沉积涂料组合物可以包含用于典型地抑制收缩的树脂颗粒,以进一步改进抑制收缩的效果。这些树脂颗粒是交联的或是具有高玻璃化转变温度而没有交联的。此外,上述树脂颗粒优选包含阳离子基团。
[0041]就交联的情况而言,上述用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒可以例如通过不饱和乙烯基单体和分子中具有两个或多个可自由基聚合的不饱和乙烯键的多官能单体在水性介质中,进行乳液聚合得到。
[0042]上述收缩抑制剂中描述的多种含可聚合不饱和基团的单体都可被用作上述不饱和乙烯基单体,例如,包括丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯如(甲基)丙烯酸甲基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸乙基己基酯,以及下述可与之共聚的单体如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、叔丁基苯乙烯、乙烯、丙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯基酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈和(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯。这些单体通常以两种或多种结合使用。
[0043]另一方面,上述在分子中具有两个或多个可自由基聚合的不饱和乙烯基的多官能单体的实例包括多元醇的可聚合不饱和单羧酸酯、多元酸的可聚合不饱和醇酯和被两个或多个乙烯基基团取代的芳族化合物;它们的实例包括二丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸四甘醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸新戊基二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、二丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、三甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四甲基丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、二丙烯酸甘油酯、甘油烯丙氧基二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷二丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、对苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯和二乙烯基苯。
[0044]交联树脂颗粒可以以公知的方法,通过在水性介质中乳液聚合单体混合物得到,该单体混合物是上述不饱和乙烯基单体和在分子中具有两个或多个可自由基聚合的不饱和乙烯键的多官能单体的混合物。
[0045]在上述乳液聚合中,通常使用非离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂作为乳化剂。上述非离子表面活性剂的实例包括聚乙二醇烷基苯基醚,、聚乙二醇烷基醚、聚氧化烯烷基醚、聚乙二醇脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯和聚丙二醇聚乙二醇醚。另一方面,阳离子表面活性剂的实例包括月桂基三甲基氯化铵、二硬脂酰基二甲基氯化铵和烷基皮考啉氯化物。这里,树脂颗粒通过使用阳离子聚合物作为上述乳化剂能够包含阳离子,该阳离子聚合物通常用作颜料分散剂,用于制备颜料分散体浆料和阳离子电沉积涂料组合物。阳离子聚合物的特定例子包括具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂,其具有季铵基团和/或叔锍基团。
[0046]上述乳液聚合通过将乳化剂溶解或分散到水性介质中以向其中滴加上述单体混合物而进行。可以调节上述单体混合物与上述乳化剂的质量比以使得例如为从30/70到97/3。
[0047]由此获得的交联树脂颗粒的平均粒径优选为0.01-1.0μm,更优选0.02-0.5μm,进一步更优选0.05-0.2μm。如果平均粒径低于0.01μm,则不能充分达到抑制收缩的预期效果,而如果平均粒径超过1.0μm,则会降低树脂颗粒的稳定性,并导致涂膜的外观变差。
[0048]就具有高玻璃化转变温度而没有交联的情况而言,可以以与上述交联树脂颗粒制造方法相同的方法得到用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒。也就是说,优选使用具有高玻璃化转变温度,而不包含上述多官能单体的单体混合物。这里,高玻璃化转变温度表示80℃或更高。上述玻璃化转变温度能够通过基于每种单体的比率计算用于获得该聚合物的单体的特征值得到。
[0049]在非交联的情况下,上述用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒的含量没有特别的限制,以及在交联树脂颗粒的情况下,相对于涂料组合物中的粘合剂组分以固含量质量比优选为1-10%,更优选2-5%。如果添加量低于1%,可能观察不到添加的效果,而如果添加量超过10%,可能会导致涂膜外观的劣化。
[0050]本发明阳离子电沉积涂料组合物还可以进一步包含无机颜料和颜料分散树脂。上述颜料没有特别的限制,只要是典型使用的无机颜料,例如,包括着色颜料如二氧化钛、炭黑、和铁丹,无机体质颜料如高岭土、滑石、硅酸铝、碳酸钙、云母、粘土和二氧化硅,以及无机防锈剂颜料如磷酸锌、磷酸铁、磷酸铝、磷酸钙、亚磷酸锌、氰化锌、氧化锌、三聚磷酸铝、钼酸锌、钼酸铝、钼酸钙和钼磷酸铝。近来,考虑到对环境的影响一般不使用含铅的颜料;然而,不用说也可以使用含铅的颜料。
[0051]上述颜料分散树脂的一般实例包括阳离子或非离子的低分子量表面活性剂,以及具有季铵基团和/或叔锍基团的改性环氧树脂。
[0052]以预定量混合上述颜料分散树脂和无机颜料,然后使用常用的分散设备,如球磨机和砂磨机对其进行分散,直到混合物中的颜料达到预定的均一粒径,从而获得颜料分散体浆料。这些颜料分散体浆料可以以颜料固含量计,0-50质量%的量用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物。
[0053]此外,在不含无机体质颜料的情况下,替代性地包含具有特定比重和平均粒径的有机颜料,以及在通常使用的颜料量相对于涂料组合物固含量为5.0质量%或更少的情况下,为提高再分散性可以使用含颜料的树脂颗粒。
[0054]就前一种情况而言,使用的有机颜料具有的比重为0.9-3.0,优选0.9-2.2。如果比重超过3.0可能会导致颜料沉降稳定性的降低。上述有机颜料的平均粒径为10-700nm,优选10-200nm。如果平均粒径超过700nm可能会导致颜料聚集性和沉降稳定性的降低。
[0055]平均粒径通常用于表示颗粒的粒度(颗粒是粗糙的或精细的),一般使用下列直径:中值直径、算术平均直径、表面积平均直径和等于50质量%的体积平均直径。用于本发明的树脂细颗粒的平均粒径由中值直径表示,并通过激光衍射散射型粒度分布测量装置进行测量。
[0056]上述有机颜料的实例包括红或橘色有机颜料如β-萘酚、萘酚AS、pyralozone、苯并咪唑酮(benzimidazolo)、视红(watching red)、永久红2B、色淀红R、Bordeaux 10B、BON栗色介质、BON浅栗色、硫靛蓝、蒽醌、苝、紫环酮(perinone)、喹吖啶酮和二酮基吡咯并吡咯,黄色有机颜料如第一黄、苯并咪唑酮黄(benzimidazolo yellow)、二偶氮、多偶氮、异吲哚啉酮、二氢异吲哚、蒽醌、喹酞酮(quinophthalone)、偶氮、甲亚胺和包括具有亚硝基和金属离子的有机着色物质的化合物,绿色有机颜料如酞菁绿,蓝色有机颜料如酞菁蓝、阴丹士林蓝和阴丹酮蓝,和紫色有机颜料如二嗪紫和喹吖啶酮紫。
[0057]上述有机颜料在阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的涂料组合物固含量中的浓度为1-20质量%,优选1-5质量%。颜料浓度低于1质量%会降低遮盖力。颜料浓度超过20质量%可能会导致涂膜的外观劣化,引起表面粗糙化。
[0058]这里,为了改进被涂覆物质的掩蔽性,可以将无机着色颜料如炭黑与有机着色颜料一起使用。添加到涂料组合物中用作着色剂的无机着色颜料如炭黑,不是作为增量剂加入的无机体质颜料,但可以包括在本发明涂料组合物中。然而,在包括于其中的情况下,需要使用类似于有机颜料具有0.9-3.0的比重和10-700nm的平均粒径的无机着色颜料。如果使用超过该范围的无机着色颜料,则不能获得良好的颜料沉降稳定性和再分散性。
[0059]在这种情况下,不包含上述体质颜料如高岭土、滑石、硅酸铝、碳酸钙、云母、粘土和硫酸钡。也就是说,基本上不包括无机体质颜料。此处所述的无机体质颜料表示添加到涂料组合物中作为增量剂的无机颜料。通常,无机体质颜料具有2.5-4.5的比重和500-100000nm的平均粒径。如此获得的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物只包含有机颜料,而不包含任何无机体质颜料,从而提高包含于涂料组合物中的颜料的树脂吸附性。因此,分散在涂料组合物中的颜料难以聚集,产生出众的颜料分散性和再分散性。
[0060]另一方面,用于后一种情况的含颜料树脂颗粒具有颜料组分被树脂组分包含的结构。这些含颜料树脂颗粒可以具有所谓的核壳结构,即,颜料组分和树脂组分分别对应于核部分和壳部分,这就是颜料组分被树脂颗粒包含的结构。对于上述含颜料的树脂颗粒,并非包含的所有颜料组分都需要被树脂组分包覆,树脂颗粒可以处于一部分颜料没有被其覆盖的状态,即,可以不具有上述的核壳结构。上述含颜料树脂颗粒具有降低的颜料聚集性,并且优选其包覆程度能达到在沉降后再次搅拌时,能容易地进行再分散。
[0061]上述含颜料树脂颗粒中包含的颜料组分没有特别的限制,例如包括无机颜料如二氧化钛、炭黑、铁丹、高岭土、滑石、粘土、二氧化硅、硅酸铝、碳酸钙、磷酸锌、磷酸铁、磷酸铝、磷酸钙、亚磷酸锌、氰化锌、氧化锌、三聚磷酸铝、钼酸锌、钼酸铝、钼酸钙、钼磷酸铝和钼磷酸锌铝。另外,还可以使用有机颜料。这些颜料组分可以单独使用,或者以两种或更多种的混合物使用。
[0062]优选用于本发明的是其中含有二氧化钛、炭黑等作为颜料组分的含颜料树脂颗粒,原因是这些颜料组分具有特别适于本发明使用的高遮盖力。
[0063]包含上述颜料组分的树脂组分的实例包括聚氨酯树脂、丙烯酸类树脂(同样包括丙烯酸类共聚物树脂)、乙烯基树脂、烯烃树脂和芳族树脂。其中,聚氨酯树脂或丙烯酸类树脂是优选的。原因是包含使用这些树脂作为树脂成分的含颜料树脂颗粒的电沉积涂料组合物,在物理强度、涂膜外观等方面是出众的。
[0064]例如,就其中的树脂组分是聚氨酯树脂而言,这些含颜料树脂颗粒可以通过下列方法制备。即,制备颜料预先分散在低粘度有机溶剂中的分散液体,然后将多元醇树脂和多羟基异氰酸酯化合物和/或氨酯预聚物混入该分散液体中,然后再通过乳化进入其中分别或一起加入了乳化剂和保护胶体的水性或链烷烃溶剂中,对获得的液体混合物进行混合和分散。这种制备方法是生产含颜料树脂颗粒的方法的一个实例。上述制备方法是描述于日本未经审查专利公布No.5-230225等的公知制备方法。
[0065]上述含颜料树脂颗粒的平均粒径优选具有0.1μm的下限和10.0μm的上限。上述下限更优选1.0μm,上述上限更优选6.0μm。使用具有上述平均粒径范围的平均粒径的含颜料树脂颗粒,可以使所获得电沉积涂膜的平滑度更高。
[0066]上述含颜料树脂颗粒可以是彩色树脂颗粒。例如,通过使用由染料着色的树脂颗粒,可以得到具有更高遮盖力的电沉积涂料组合物。这里叙述的“彩色”并不是狭义上的具有彩色,它同时包括具有低光泽的非彩色。因此,含灰或黑色颜料的树脂颗粒也包含在这里叙述的“彩色树脂颗粒”之内。
[0067]上述含颜料树脂颗粒的比重优选为0.95-1.2。如果比重超过1.2,则可能会由于含颜料树脂颗粒沉降后存储而降低该树脂颗粒的再分散性。如果比重低于0.95,则可能导致含颜料树脂颗粒在电沉积浴(electrodeposition bath)中浮于涂料表面。
[0068]通过使用如上所述的含颜料树脂颗粒,可以制得具有高再分散性的电沉积涂料组合物。这些含颜料树脂颗粒与通常使用的无机颜料相比,在电沉积涂膜中倾向于取向至涂料表面,原因在于该颗粒表面被树脂成分包含。树脂组分向涂料表面的取向极大地影响涂膜的光泽度。因此,通过使用这种含颜料树脂颗粒可以任意调节涂膜的光泽度,而不劣化涂膜的表面粗糙度,换句话说,保持涂膜的平滑度。
[0069]顺便说一下,包含于电沉积涂料组合物中的颜料通常通过预先以高浓度分散在水性介质中,形成糊状(颜料分散浆料),然后以糊状的形式加入组合物。这样做的目的是为了促进颜料在电沉积涂料组合物中以低浓度、均匀的状态分散。然而,本发明的含颜料树脂颗粒早已被树脂覆盖,因此,可以省略制备成糊状的步骤。在含颜料树脂颗粒已经以分散于溶剂中的乳液形式的情况下,可以将所述乳液直接添加到电沉积涂料组合物中。这样减少了制备电沉积涂料组合物的步骤,使制备变得更容易。
[0070]上述含颜料树脂颗粒也可以根据需要在制成分散浆料以后添加。这种分散浆料可以以与下述颜料分散浆料相同的方法制备。
[0071]上述含颜料树脂颗粒的优选实例包括RUBCOULEUR(由Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg.Co.,Ltd.制造)、ARTPEARL(由NegamiChemical Industrial Co.,Ltd.制造)和BURNOCK(由Dainippon Ink and Chemicals,Incorporated制造)。
[0072]上述含颜料树脂颗粒的固含量优选为电沉积涂料组合物涂料固含量的2.0-50.0质量%。如果含颜料树脂颗粒的固含量低于2.0质量%,可能不能提供足够的遮盖力,而如果固含量超过50.0质量%,可能会导致涂膜外观或涂膜性能的劣化。
[0073]此外,本发明的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物可以包含通常用于涂料组合物的添加剂,如表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、紫外吸收剂和固化促进剂。
[0074]本发明阳离子电沉积涂料组合物可以通过混合上述具有阳离子基团的基质树脂、固化剂、根据需要的颜料分散浆料和用于涂料组合物的添加剂,然后在任选阶段向该体系中加入收缩抑制剂、树脂颗粒和添加剂得到。
[0075]本发明阳离子电沉积涂料组合物阳离子电沉积涂覆在基底上。电沉积涂覆本身可以根据已知方法进行,通常在典型地将电沉积浴调节至在100-450V的负载电压下槽温为20-35℃,所述电沉积浴容纳具有设定成5-40wt%、优选15-25wt%的固含量浓度以及通过用去离子水稀释调节在5.5-8.5范围内的pH的上述阳离子电沉积涂料组合物。
[0076]电沉积涂层的膜厚适当地以干膜厚度为5-40μm,优选10-30μm,以及优选设定上述电沉积涂覆的条件从而具有所述膜厚度。涂膜的烘焙通常在100-220℃,优选140-200℃的温度下适当地进行10-30分钟。
[0077]对于如此形成的本发明阳离子电沉积涂膜,在根据需要地在其上形成中间涂膜之后,可以形成面漆涂膜。用于汽车等的表面涂层的涂料组合物和涂覆条件可以应用于上述中间涂膜和面漆涂膜的形成。
实施例
[0078]下面将通过下列实施例说明本发明,然而,其并不限制本发明。
实施例1
制备用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂No.1
[0079]将77.6份甲基异丁基酮加入反应器中,该反应器装有搅拌器、温度计、滗析器、回流冷凝器、氮气导入管和滴液漏斗,并边通入氮气,边加热到115℃,然后在3小时内,以匀速滴入20份作为(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的丙烯酸乙基己基酯和30份作为另一种单体的甲基丙烯酸正丁基酯的混合物。在上述滴加的同时,分别在3.5和4.5小时之内匀速滴入50份作为(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体的甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙基酯,以及5份叔丁基过氧己基和15.5份甲基异丁基酮的混合溶液。在所有滴加结束以后,继续搅拌2小时以完成聚合反应。获得的用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂A的固含量浓度为50质量%,酸值为20.5,数均分子量为1800。
制备用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂No.2-5
[0080]除了如表1所示改变(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,以及另一种单体以外,以与上述制备No.1相同的方法制得用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂B-E。
制备用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的对比收缩抑制剂No.1-4
[0081]除了如表1所示改变(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,以及另一种单体以外,以与上述制备No.1相同的方法制得用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂F-I。
制备用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的对比收缩抑制剂No.5(日本未经审查专利公布No.10-110124的制备实施例1)
[0082]将1500份丁基溶纤剂加入反应器中,该反应器装有搅拌器、温度计、滗析器、回流冷凝器、氮气导入管和滴液漏斗,并边通入氮气,边加热到120℃,然后在3小时内,以匀速滴入627份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、191份甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、182份丙烯酸羟基丁基酯、300份丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙基酯、200份甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和50份叔丁基过氧-2-乙基己酸酯的混合物。在滴加结束以后,在120℃继续反应3小时,然后冷却获得用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的对比收缩抑制剂J。获得的树脂的固含量浓度为50质量%,数均分子量为10000。
制备用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒
[0083]将222.0份异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(以下缩写为IPDI)加入反应器中,该反应器装有搅拌装置、冷凝管、氮气导入管和温度计,并用39.1份甲基异丁基酮(以下缩写为MIBK)稀释,其后将0.2份二月桂酸二丁锡加入其中。然后,加热混合物至50℃,并在干燥氛围和搅拌下,在2小时内滴入131.5份2-乙基己醇(以下缩写为2EH)。通过适当的冷却使反应温度维持在50℃。从而获得2-乙基己醇半封端IPDI(树脂固含量为90.0%)。
[0084]将382.2份具有188环氧当量的双酚A型环氧树脂(由Dow ChemicalCompany生产)和117.8份双酚A加入另一个反应器,并在氮气氛和150-160℃下反应1小时,然后冷却到120℃,然后将209.8份所制备的2-乙基己醇半封端IPDI(MIBK溶液)加入其中。混合物在140-150℃下反应1小时,然后将205.0份双酚A的6mol-环氧乙烷加合物加入其中,并冷却至60-65℃。
[0085]将408.0份1-(2-羟乙基硫-2-丙醇、144.0份去离子水和134份二羟甲基丙酸加入其中,并在65-75℃反应,直到酸值变为1,以通过在该环氧树脂中引入叔锍基并加入1595.2份去离子水而完成叔化(tertiarization)反应,从而获得包含叔锍基的环氧树脂(树脂固含量为30质量%)。
[0086]加入9.25份由此获得的包含叔锍基的环氧树脂和80份去离子水,并加热至75℃。将20.73份包含0.5份2,2′-偶氮二-N,N′-二甲基异丁基脒、0.23份冰醋酸和20份去离子水的引发剂液体加入其中。
[0087]随后,在5分钟内滴入10份甲基丙烯酸甲酯,并在40分钟内进一步滴入将90份包含12份苯乙烯、10份丙烯酸正丁酯、52.5份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、2份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、3.5份FM-1(含羟基单体,由DAICEL CHEMICALINDUSTRIES,LTD生产)和10份新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的单体液体加入到27.75份上述含叔锍基环氧树脂和70.88份去离子水中形成的溶液,然后继续搅拌1小时结束反应。
[0088]获得的交联树脂颗粒的平均粒径为78nm,固含量浓度为36质量%。
制备颜料分散树脂
[0089]将222份IPDI、391份MIBK和0.2份月桂酸二丁基锡混合入装有回流冷凝器、搅拌器和滴液漏斗的五颈烧瓶中,在干燥的氮气氛围下,边搅拌边将99份糠醇通过滴液漏斗加入其中,以及进行监视以使反应混合物温度不要超过55℃。滴加结束后,在60℃下热混反应混合物1小时,从而获得固含量浓度为90%的糠醇半封端IPDI。
[0090]另一方面,除了上述以外,将385.3份DER331J(由Dow ChemicalCompany生产,双酚A型环氧树脂,环氧当量为188)、119.7份双酚A和28.8份2-乙基己酸加入装有回流冷凝器、搅拌器和滴液漏斗的五颈烧瓶中,并在氮气氛围和搅拌下,加热至150℃。将0.45份二甲基苄基胺加到反应混合物中,其产生热,搅拌下通过加热维持温度在170℃大约1个半小时。冷却反应混合物至130℃,随后强烈搅拌,并在30分钟内,通过滴液漏斗滴入198.4份上面得到的糠醇半封端IPDI。滴加结束后,搅拌反应混合物,在相同温度下加热,然后将157.1份丁基溶纤剂加入其中,并在搅拌下冷却至105℃或更低。停止搅拌,加入276.6份二亚乙基三胺的甲基异丁基二酮亚胺(MIBK的73%溶液),并恢复搅拌。反应混合物发热,通过加热在115-120℃下搅拌大约1小时。将129.2份丁基溶纤剂加入到冷却至95℃或更低的反应混合物中。通过加热在70-90℃下,将20.5份离子交换水加入其中,并将77.5份乙酸酐在1小时内分四次加入,同时搅拌。然后,在相同温度下加热,搅拌1小时,向其中加入164.5份去离子水,并加热至约100℃,然后在97-110℃下加热搅拌,在常压下回流馏出MIBK。将207.3份丁基溶纤剂加入其中,并冷却至95℃或更低,随后边搅拌边加入1996.3份去离子水,从而获得固含量浓度为大约25%的颜料分散树脂。
制备颜料分散浆料
[0091]将1025.9份上述制得的颜料分散树脂和350份去离子水加入不锈钢烧瓶并搅拌均匀。随后,将78.3份炭黑、705.2份高岭土、71.4份二丁基锡氧化物和84.6份去离子水加入其中,并通过砂磨机分散,以使粒度为15μm或更小,从而得到总固含量为48%,树脂固含量为11.1%,颜料固含量为36.9%的颜料分散浆料。
制备封端异氰酸酯固化剂
[0092]将480.2份IPDI和78.2份MIBK加入装有回流冷凝器、搅拌器和滴液漏斗的五颈烧瓶中,并在干燥的氮气氛围下溶解均匀。边搅拌边加热该混合物至70℃,其后加入0.1份二月桂酸二丁锡,并通过滴液漏斗滴入319.8份糠醇。反应混合物发热,在75-85℃下加热搅拌30分钟。冷却混合物至65℃,其后通过滴液漏斗滴入121.7份甲基乙基酮肟。反应混合物发热,在65-75℃下加热搅拌30分钟。通过IR光谱证实异氰酸酯基消失,以获得具有80%固含量浓度的封端异氰酸酯固化剂。
制备具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂
[0093]将1283.6份EPOTOHTO YD-013 BK67(由Tohto Kasei Co.,Ltd.,生产,具有860环氧当量的双酚A型环氧树脂的67质量%MIBK溶液)加入装有回流冷凝器和搅拌器的四颈烧瓶中,并边搅拌边加热至大约100℃。通过MIBK去除工艺得到80%非挥发性组分后,冷却该混合物至95℃或更低。停止搅拌,加入58.7份二亚乙基三胺的甲基异丁基二酮亚胺(MIBK的73%溶液)、32.8份甲基乙醇胺和42.0份二乙醇胺,并恢复搅拌。反应混合物发热,通过加热保持温度在110-120℃1小时,同时搅拌,以获得固含量浓度为大约80%的具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂。
制备具有阳离子基团的丙烯酸类改性基质树脂
[0094]将41.7份MIBK加入装有回流冷凝的器、滴液漏斗和搅拌器的五颈烧瓶中,并在氮气氛围下边搅拌边加热至115℃。通过滴液漏斗在3小时内滴入包含17.5份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、23.5份丙烯酸正丁酯、22.6份苯乙烯、18.6份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、17.8份甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和5.3份叔丁基过氧-2-乙基己酸酯的混合物液体,随后在该温度下搅拌加热1小时。随后,通过滴液漏斗在30分钟内滴入包含0.5份MIBK和0.5份叔丁基过氧-2-乙基己酸酯的混合溶液,在相同温度下加热继续搅拌30分钟,以获得固含量浓度为大约67.5质量%的具有阳离子基团的丙烯酸类改性基质树脂。
实施例2
制备阳离子电沉积涂料组合物No.1
[0095]以固含量质量比计,将上述分别制得的512.7份封端异氰酸酯固化剂、1196.2份具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂和3份在实施例1中制备的用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂A混合在一起,并用53.7份50%乳酸中和。其后,将去离子水加入其中,并慢慢稀释,在减压下馏出MIBK,以得到36质量%的固含量浓度,从而制得主乳液。
[0096]将265.1份上述获得的颜料分散浆料混入1004.3份该主乳液中,并向其中添加去离子水,以获得具有20质量%固含量的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物A。
实施例3
制备阳离子电沉积涂料组合物No.2-5
[0097]在上述阳离子电沉积涂料组合物制备中,除了如表2所示更改收缩抑制剂的种类和用量,以及添加用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒以外,以相同的方法制备阳离子电沉积涂料组合物B-F。
制备阳离子电沉积涂料组合物No.6
[0098]将上述分别制得的523.7份封端异氰酸酯固化剂、1185.2份具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂和43.4份具有阳离子基团的丙烯酸类改性基质树脂混合在一起,并用53.7份50%乳酸中和。其后,将去离子水加入其中,并慢慢稀释,在减压下馏出MIBK,以得到36质量%的固含量浓度,从而制得主乳液。
[0099]以固含量质量比计,将265.1份上述制得的颜料分散浆料和3份在实施例1中制得的用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂A混入1004.3份这种主乳液中,并在其中添加去离子水,以获得固含量为20质量%的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物G。
制备对比阳离子电沉积涂料组合物
[0100]在上述阳离子电沉积涂料组合物制备中,除了如表2所示更改收缩抑制剂的种类和用量,以及添加用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒以外,以相同的方法制备对比阳离子电沉积涂料组合物H-N。
实施例4
评价阳离子电沉积涂料组合物
<自收缩>
[0101]在使得烘焙后的膜厚度为20μm的电压下,用上述获得的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物A-N在表面粗糙度为0.9-1.0μm的锌-磷化处理的钢板上进行电涂覆,烘焙在170℃下进行20分钟。目测观察获得的固化涂膜的表面,统计所引起的收缩数目,然后按照下列评定标准进行评价。
◎:没有观察到收缩的发生,在外观上没有出现问题
○:观察到极少量收缩的发生,在外观上没有出现问题
△:观察到有收缩发生,但没有引起外观的劣化
×:观察到有收缩发生,并引起外观的劣化
<油收缩>
[0102]将30ppm防锈机油混入上述得到的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物A-N,并连续搅拌48小时。其后,以与自收缩评价相同的方法进行电涂覆和烘焙。目测观察所获得的固化涂膜的表面,以按照上述自收缩评定的标准评价所产生的收缩的状态。
<粘着性>
[0103]以与上述自收缩的评价相同的方法进行电涂覆,烘焙在220℃下进行20分钟。用Nippon Paint Co.,Ltd生产的ORGASELECT 130(醇酸树脂面漆涂料组合物)作为面漆涂料组合物对获得的固化涂膜进行喷涂,得到的干膜厚度为35μm,烘焙在140℃下进行30分钟。根据JIS K5600在获得的涂膜上形成100片尺寸为2mm×2mm的栅格,在栅格表面粘上玻璃纸胶带,然后确认在突然剥落后留在涂膜表面上的栅格涂膜数目。然后,栅格面积的50%或更多被剥离则认为该栅格被剥离。
○:留下的涂膜栅格数目=100
×;留下的涂膜栅格数目≤99
<平滑度>
[0104]在上述评价自收缩得到的涂膜的表面上,使用平面粗糙度仪SJ-201P(由Mitsutoyo Corporation生产)进行表面粗糙度(Ra)的测量,规格为截止(cutoff)0.8mm,扫描长度4mm。评定标准如下。
◎:Ra≤0.2
○:0.2<Ra≤0.25
×:Ra>0.25
上述评价的结果一起描述于表2中。
[0105]
表1
单体材料 | 收缩抑制剂 | 对比收缩抑制剂 | ||||||||
单体种类*1 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | |
含可聚合不饱和基团的单体(A) | EHAEHMA | 20 | 1019 | 20 | 21 | 1510 | 36 | 14 | 2526 | |
具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体 | DMAEMA | 50 | 30 | 35 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 30 | 5 | 25 |
其它单体 | nBASTnBMAMMATBMAHEMA | 30 | 151610 | 101520 | 39.49.6 | 1010105 | 54 | 284.523.5 | 5045 | 1077 |
单位:份
*1 EHA:丙烯酸乙基己酯,EHMA:甲基丙烯酸乙基己基酯,DMAEMA:甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯,nBA:丙烯酸正丁酯,ST:苯乙烯,nBMA:甲基丙烯酸正丁基酯,MMA:甲基丙烯酸甲酯,TBMA:甲基丙烯酸叔丁基酯,HEMA:甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯
[0106]
表2
阳离子电沉积涂料组合物 | ||||||||
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | ||
主乳液的种类*1 | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ac+Ep | |
收缩抑制剂(量) | A3 | B3 | C5 | D5 | E10 | A3 | A3 | |
树脂颗粒的量 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | |
评价 | 自收缩油收缩粘着性平滑度 | ◎○○◎ | ◎○○◎ | ◎○○◎ | ◎○○◎ | ◎○○◎ | ◎◎○○ | ◎◎○○ |
对比阳离子电沉积涂料组合物 | ||||||||
H | I | J | K | L | M | N | ||
主乳液的种类*1 | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | Ep | |
收缩抑制剂(量) | F3 | G5 | H5 | I5 | I3 | I3 | -3 | |
树脂颗粒的量 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 7 | 3 | |
评价 | 自收缩油收缩粘着性平滑度 | ◎○×◎ | ○×○◎ | ○×○◎ | ◎×○◎ | ◎△○○ | ◎○○× | △△◎○ |
*1 EP:具有阳离子基团的环氧改性基质树脂
Ac+Ep:具有阳离子基团的丙烯酸类改性基质树脂和环氧改性基质树脂的混合物
[0107]可以证实通过包含在阳离子电沉积涂料组合物中,本发明收缩抑制剂能够同时抑制自收缩和油收缩。另一方面,未包含在本发明之内的收缩抑制剂不能满足所有评价项目,例如,使得对面漆的粘着性劣化。
[0108]用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒被进一步添加到包含本发明收缩抑制剂的阳离子电沉积涂料组合物中,从而能高水平地抑制油收缩,并能够控制平滑度的降低在不产生问题的范围之内。相反地,现有技术的收缩抑制剂可获得抑制自收缩效果,然而不能抑制油收缩。而向其中添加用于抑制收缩的树脂颗粒时,虽然能够抑制油收缩,但会降低平滑度。
工业实用性
[0109]通过包含于多种阳离子电沉积涂料组合物中,本发明的收缩抑制剂能够同时抑制自收缩和油收缩,以及所得到的电沉积涂膜在外观上没有任何问题。
Claims (3)
1、一种用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂,其是数均分子量为1000-50000的由单体混合物聚合得到的聚合物,该单体混合物包含:(A)具有碳数为6或更大的链烃基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体和(B)具有氨基的含可聚合不饱和基团的单体,其特征在于,上述单体混合物中单体(A)的量占20质量%或更多,上述单体(A)和单体(B)的总量为40质量%或更多,以及上述单体(B)的量大于上述单体(A)。
2、根据权利要求1的用于阳离子电沉积涂料组合物的收缩抑制剂,其中在上述单体(A)中的链烃基的碳数为18或更少。
3、一种阳离子电沉积涂料组合物,其包含以固含量比计、相对粘合剂组分为0.1-30质量%的根据权利要求1和2中任一项的收缩抑制剂。
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JP2010529229A (ja) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-08-26 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | 硬化制御改善のためのイソシアネート−エポキシ配合物 |
KR20100084561A (ko) | 2007-10-26 | 2010-07-26 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | 전기적 적층물에 사용하기 위한 이소시아누레이트 함유 에폭시 수지 조성물 |
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JP4334806B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-05 | 2009-09-30 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | 多層塗膜形成方法および多層塗膜 |
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JP2004307800A (ja) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-11-04 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | カチオン電着塗料組成物、電着浴の管理方法および電着塗装システム |
-
2005
- 2005-06-10 JP JP2005171286A patent/JP2006342303A/ja active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-06-07 TW TW095120226A patent/TW200702407A/zh unknown
- 2006-06-09 CN CNA2006101060359A patent/CN1876734A/zh active Pending
- 2006-06-09 GB GB0611479A patent/GB2426977A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-09 US US11/449,747 patent/US20060281854A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-09 KR KR1020060052071A patent/KR20060128743A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2006342303A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
TW200702407A (en) | 2007-01-16 |
GB2426977A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
KR20060128743A (ko) | 2006-12-14 |
US20060281854A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
GB0611479D0 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
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