CN1861602A - 恩替卡韦的制备方法 - Google Patents

恩替卡韦的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1861602A
CN1861602A CN 200510025792 CN200510025792A CN1861602A CN 1861602 A CN1861602 A CN 1861602A CN 200510025792 CN200510025792 CN 200510025792 CN 200510025792 A CN200510025792 A CN 200510025792A CN 1861602 A CN1861602 A CN 1861602A
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CN100379736C (zh
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张磊
曾振亚
杨琍苹
郭理维
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Shanghai Qingsong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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SHANGHAI ZHONGXIA CHEMISTRY CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种能有效抑制乙型肝类病毒复制的脱氧鸟核苷类似物,结构式为式I。本发明提供了式I结构化合物的制备方法,该方法原料易得,反应条件温和,操作简便,宜于规模型的工业化生产。

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恩替卡韦的制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及药物的制备方法。具体涉及一种恩替卡韦的制备方法。
发明背景:
恩替卡韦是一种能有效抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制的脱氧鸟核苷类似物,化学名为:(1S,3R,4S)-9-[4-羟基-3-(羟甲基)-2-亚甲基环戊基]-鸟嘌呤,结构式如下式I:
                       式I
大量临床试验表明,它对肝细胞内逆转录酶和乙型肝炎病毒DNA多聚酶有直接的抑制作用,有强的抗病毒能力,同时该化合物的选择性比较高,它的细胞毒性是抗乙肝病毒活性的1/8000,可有效治疗慢性乙肝而不干扰流感病毒和HIV病毒。而且由于其作用机制不同,长期使用产生的耐药性较低。
中国专利ZL91110831.9和国际申请WO98/09964公开了恩替卡韦的一种制备方法。该方法通过保护了2-氨基的-6-苄氧基嘌呤与苄基保护的环氧化物开环,形成糖苷键,再经MMT保护后将醇氧化为酮,最后经类卡宾反应形成环外双键。但是该制备方法存一些缺陷:①起始原料需采用价格昂贵的手性硼试剂等;②最终脱保护基需要用剧毒原料三氯化硼;③该制备方法步骤长、反应条件苛刻、原料价格高且不易获得;④某些原料剧毒,操作危险、成本较高。因而该制备方法不易工业化。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服上述缺陷,提供一种反应步骤短、反应条件简单、原料便宜易得、成本低的恩替卡韦的制备方法。
本发明提供了一种恩替卡韦的制备方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
a)将式II化合物与式III化合物反应:式II化合物1.0eq式III化合物1.0~1.5eq在三苯基膦0.5~1.0eq和二偶氮二羧酸二乙酯1.0~1.5eq的作用下,在四氢呋喃溶液中于0~30℃反应10~24小时;
Figure A20051002579200061
            式II                              式III                                    式IV
b)将得到的式IV进行水解、还原反应:式IV化合物1.0eq在浓盐酸1.0~2.0eq、高碘酸钠1.0~2.0eq和硼氢化钠2.0~4.0eq的作用下,在甲醇溶液中于室温反应3~10小时;
                 式IV                                                              式V
c)将得到的式V化合物进行脱水反应:式V化合物1.0eq与对甲苯磺酰氯1.0~2.0eq在二氯甲烷溶液中于0~30□反应2~8小时,然后再与氢化钠2.0~4.0eq在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中于0~30□反应2~8小时;
                    式V                                                             式VI
d)将得到的式VI化合物脱去保护基团即得恩替卡韦式I:式VI化合物1.0eq在盐酸3.0~7.0mol/L,1.0~2.0eq的甲醇溶液中于40~70□反应3~10小时,然后再在钠2.0~4.0eq的液氨溶液中于-80~-50□反应1~5小时;
Figure A20051002579200081
                式VI                                                          式I
其中所述化合物IV是通过下列方法制备的:式II化合物1.0eq与式III化合物1.0~1.5eq在三苯基膦0.5~1.0eq和二偶氮二羧酸二乙酯1.0~1.5eq的作用下,在四氢呋喃溶液中于0~30□反应10~24小时。
其中所述化合物式V是通过下列方法制备的:式IV化合物1.0eq在浓盐酸1.0~2.0eq、高碘酸钠1.0~2.0eq和硼氢化钠2.0~4.0eq的作用下,在甲醇溶液中于室温反应3~10小时。
其中所述化合物式VI是通过下列方法制备的:式V化合物1.0eq与对甲苯磺酰氯1.0~2.0eq在二氯甲烷溶液中于0~30℃反应2~8小时,然后再与氢化钠2.0~4.0eq在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中于0~30℃反应2~8小时。
本发明的制备方法原料易得,价格便宜,本发明方法操作简便、反应效率高,宜于工业化生产。
实施例
通过以下实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述。
实施例1(1S,2R,3R,4S)-2-氨基-6-苄氧基-9-[4-苄氧基-3-苄氧甲基-2-(2,2-二甲基-[1,3]二氧戊环)-环戊基]-9H-嘌呤(式IV)
将(1R,2R,3R,4S)-3-苄氧甲基-2-[2-(1-甲氧基-1-甲基-乙氧基)-乙基]-4-苄氧基-环戊醇(式II)(41.2g,0.1mol)和三苯基膦(12.6g,0.05mol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(500ml)中,冷却至0℃,加入2-氨基-6-苄氧基-9H-嘌呤(式III)(29.0g,0.12mol)。保持0℃,滴加二偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(20.9g,0.12mol)的四氢呋喃(200ml)溶液。滴加完后,室温搅拌过夜。减压蒸干溶剂,得式IV(53g),收率83%。
实施例2(1S,2R,3R,4S)-[5-(2-氨基-6-苄氧基-嘌呤-9-代-)-3-苄氧基-2-苄氧甲基-环戊基]-甲醇(式V)
向式IV(63.5g,0.1mol)的甲醇(500ml)溶液中滴加浓盐酸(10ml,0.12mol),然后室温搅拌3小时。减压蒸馏除去溶剂。加入甲醇(500ml),冷却至0℃,加入高碘酸钠(25.7g,0.12mol)的水(500ml)溶液,室温搅拌1小时。再加入硼氢化钠(7.6g,0.20mol),室温搅拌1小时。过滤,滤液浓缩,然后用二氯甲烷(300ml×3)提取,合并提取液,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液蒸干,得式V(44g),收率78%。
实施例3(1S,3R,4S)-2-氨基-6-苄氧基-9-(4-苄氧基-3-苄氧甲基-2-亚甲基-环戊基)-9H-嘌呤(式VI)
向式V(56.5g,0.1mol)中加入二氯甲烷(500ml),然后加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(25g,0.2mol),冷却至0℃,然后加入对甲苯磺酰氯(23g,0.12mol),0℃搅拌2小时。升至室温搅拌3小时。加入二氯甲烷(500ml)稀释,用水(500ml)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(500ml)分别洗涤,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液蒸干。向残余物中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(500ml)。
将60%氢化钠(12g,0.3mol)加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100ml)中,然后滴加2-甲氧基乙醇(40ml,0.5mol),搅拌1小时。冷却至0℃,慢慢加入上面所得溶液,加完后,继续于0℃搅拌4小时。然后加入水(1000ml)稀释,二氯甲烷(700ml×3)提取,有机层用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。有机层用无水硫酸钠,过滤,滤液蒸干,得式VI(37.3g),收率68%。
实施例4恩替卡韦(式I)
将式VI(54.7g,0.1mol)溶于甲醇(500ml),室温滴加盐酸(5mol/L,30ml,0.15mol),升温至55℃搅拌6小时。冷却,用碳酸氢钠将溶液的PH值调至7.0。加入乙酸乙酯萃取(500ml×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂,加入二氯甲烷(1500ml)溶解后移入滴液漏斗。
氩气保护另一三颈瓶,冷却到-70℃,通入干燥的氨气,待液氨达到1000ml时,停止通入氨气,开动搅拌,加入钠颗粒(5.4g,0.24mol),滴加上面反应制得的二氯甲烷溶液,过程温度保持-70℃。滴加完毕后在该温度下继续搅拌3小时,缓慢升至室温,加水(2000ml)中止反应,水层用0.5mol/L盐酸将PH值调至7.0,旋蒸溶剂,用水重结晶,得式I(16g),产率58%
1HNMR (d6-DMSO)2.05~2.10(1H,m),2.2~2.3(1H,m),2.6(1H,s),3.5(2H,t),4.2(1H,s),4.6(1H,s),4.75(1H,t),4.85(1H,d),5.1(1H,s),5.35(1H,t),6.4(2H,s),7.65(1H,s),10.5(1H,s)。

Claims (4)

1、一种恩替卡韦式I的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括下列步骤:
a)将式II化合物与式III化合物反应:式II化合物1.0eq式III化合物1.0~1.5eq在三苯基膦0.5~1.0eq和二偶氮二羧酸二乙酯1.0~1.5eq的作用下,在四氢呋喃溶液中于0~30℃反应10~24小时;
式II                                          式III                                       式IV
b)将得到的式IV进行水解、还原反应:式IV化合物1.0eq在浓盐酸1.0~2.0eq、高碘酸钠1.0~2.0eq和硼氢化钠2.0~4.0eq的作用下,在甲醇溶液中于室温反应3~10小时;
Figure A2005100257920002C2
式IV                                                                                  式V
c)将得到的式V化合物进行脱水反应:式V化合物1.0eq与对甲苯磺酰氯1.0~2.0eq在二氯甲烷溶液中于0~30℃反应2~8小时,然后再与氢化钠2.0~4.0eq在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中于0~30℃反应2~8小时;
式V                                                                                     式VI
d)将得到的式VI化合物脱去保护基团即得恩替卡韦式I:式VI化合物1.0eq在盐酸3.0~7.0mol/L,1.0~2.0eq的甲醇溶液中于40~70℃反应3~10小时,然后再在钠2.0~4.0eq的液氨溶液中于-80~-50℃反应1~5小时;
Figure A2005100257920003C2
式VI                                                                                  式I
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种恩替卡韦式I的制备方法,其特征在于其中所述化合物IV是通过下列方法制备的:式II化合物1.0eq与式III化合物1.0~1.5eq在三苯基膦0.5~1.0eq和二偶氮二羧酸二乙酯1.0~1.5eq的作用下,在四氢呋喃溶液中于0~30℃反应10~24小时。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种恩替卡韦式I的制备方法,其特征在于其中所述化合物式V是通过下列方法制备的:式IV化合物1.0eq在浓盐酸1.0~2.0eq、高碘酸钠1.0~2.0eq和硼氢化钠2.0~4.0eq的作用下,在甲醇溶液中于室温反应3~10小时。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种恩替卡韦式I的制备方法,其特征在于其中所述化合物式VI是通过下列方法制备的:式V化合物1.0eq与对甲苯磺酰氯1.0~2.0eq在二氯甲烷溶液中于0~30℃反应2~8小时,然后再与氢化钠2.0~4.0eq在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中于0~30℃反应2~8小时。
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