CN1844611A - Pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1844611A
CN1844611A CNA200610078898XA CN200610078898A CN1844611A CN 1844611 A CN1844611 A CN 1844611A CN A200610078898X A CNA200610078898X A CN A200610078898XA CN 200610078898 A CN200610078898 A CN 200610078898A CN 1844611 A CN1844611 A CN 1844611A
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garden
retaining wall
layer
tableland
building
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胡德明
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks

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  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for greening the construction upright surface, especially greening the upright table of terrace to increase the green space, area and height. It can solve the defect of traditional building which can not green itself. With said invention, the plants can grow on the upright surface longer; and it also provides plant intelligent irrigation device and solar energy greenhouse for the plant in winter.

Description

Pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to building field, particularly a kind of pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof.
Background technology
The greening of elevation of building self is that people pursue and yearn for always, but traditional architecture is not courageously broken through all the time technically, have only on roof and the local balcony and do a little fragmentary greening, do not create the space of existence to green plants from the angle of architecture-self, the flat roof of traditional architecture belongs to open-air platform, can accept natural precipitation and solar radiation, realize that greening is relatively easy, but four facades particularly the middle-high building surface be suitable difficulty, because facade is vertical, the place that does not have plant to take root.Balcony originally is an all well and good selection, it produces the tableland on Facade of Architecture, the platform that can have plant to take root, if can allow the balcony of every household all green, elevation of building just can form whole greening surface so, produce good afforestation effect, the sort of afforestation effect during yet the traditional architecture balcony is not given free rein to one's imagination, even if having also is that indivedual residents do a little fragmentary plantations on oneself balcony, but also be not long-term, often do changing other function or purposes in 1 or two years later on into regard to not planting.Be that what reason makes the traditional architecture balcony so be difficult to afforest this also must to analyze from the space of balcony and structure: the unicity that at first is balcony space, the traditional architecture balcony is only considered the interim outdoor activity space of personnel, the needed living space of plant landscape is not set, its balcony area and highly narrow and small, even change it into planting technique district,, the personnel activity zone influences the performance of balcony normal function but being occupied or push, therefore, traditional balcony only has a single space, produce the dual space that allows people and the long-term close friend of green plants coexist simultaneously, the two can only occupy one; It two is structures of balcony; owing to there is not the existence in plant landscape space; facade around the balcony needn't be because of water and soil seepage and pollution etc. former thereby complete closed surround; do not need to be provided with anti-root puncture layer yet and destroy its structure to prevent the vegetation coring; only doing common waterproofing protection gets final product; same common balcony is only considered personnel activity's load, needn't consider to plant the load of soil layer and vegetable layer.Just because of above-mentioned reason, make that the balcony greening of traditional architecture is difficult, even it is enough big that minority resident has this hobby and demand or balcony area to have, also can run into the congenital design deficiency of traditional architecture balcony and afforestation effect is not good enough, troubling of problems such as plant growth environment is abominable, and survival rate is low.
In addition, people and plant are diverse to the requirement of room and time, " tree moves extremely; the people moves work " plant needs the growing space and the time of a long-term stability, also just in time opposite with the people to the requirement of room and time, plant needs interference-free particular growth environment, enough areas and height space, about 3000-4000mm, if the not enough 3000mm of common balcony height is plantation as the growing height of dungarunga, dungarunga can push up on the base plate of upper strata balcony very soon, make the dungarunga growth retardation, not only influence its photosynthesis, and required soil layer and the root system of dungarunga plantation also can be occupied whole balcony and be destroyed its structure; The not enough 3000mm of the growing height of shrub, though can satisfy the requirement for height of common balcony, its growing space has occupied the personnel activity space, make the personnel activity be subjected to serious restriction, both space objectionable interminglings repel mutually, thereby also are left out; Have only these short class plants of herbage flower can adapt to the space and the area requirements of balcony, also be the most frequently used balcony greening methods of present people, but the life cycle of herbage flower is shorter, kind is numerous and diverse, and be pampered and spoiled, the maintenance difficulty is bigger, need the input of certain plantation experience and knowledge and enough spare time, its green ecological environment is difficult for maintenance steady in a long-term, equally in the balcony zone, the growing space of herbage flower and personnel activity space are also overlapped, disturb and extruding,, both sides are produced suitable adverse influence though have certain ornamental value.Therefore, the balcony area of traditional architecture is narrow and small, highly not enough, itself do not have the basic demand in plant long term survival required time and space, only be only a few people's personal preference, and in most of the cases owing to the deficiency or the improper growth that influences plant of maintenance of experience, even if balcony area and highly enough, but because the self-defect of design concept, function, purposes and textural existence, its elevation of building also is difficult to form integrated greening effect steady in a long-term all the time, more can't carry out unified afforestation plan and management.
Just because of this, the balcony of traditional architecture is the requirement that can't be competent at architecture greening, must create a dual space that can satisfy personnel activity and plant stability growth, the new building unit that satisfies the time requirement of plant growth steady in a long-term again simultaneously substitutes balcony greening.
We know in traditional architecture, rural area local-style dwelling houses and villa all have oneself house, enough areas and height, existing personnel activity's place has the zone of plant stability growth again in the institute, satisfy the requirement of dual space and time, yet continuous growth along with population, the scarcity day by day of land resources, feasible building is constantly expanded space in the air to height, many middle-high buildings have been built, but traditional architecture only is the matchbox pattern in folded house, house, house, ground garden is not all around up superposeed up, thereby traditional middle-high building has only indoor space and environment, do not satisfy the exterior space and the environment of human settlements requirement, though traditional balcony can be used as the part of the exterior space, its function, purposes and structure itself also is not suitable for planting technique, can not satisfy greening in similar ground garden such function and the environment, particularly ground garden and gardening view etc. far away all is difficult to realize on traditional balcony.From another spiritual aspect human needs a desirable beautiful homeland is arranged, is forgiving at " home " has house that the spirit in garden and the double meaning of aspect of material are arranged, traditional middle-high building only is that aloft folded family (house) folds garden (courtyard) aloft, have only house not have the garden, such building is not the material home in the ideals of human being, such building is repelled with nature and ecologic facies, and people's life wherein can not enjoyed the comfortable and fine of nature yet.Not having spiritual home, material home also will not have institute depends on and exists.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof, the most basic starting point is the balcony in whole or in part of traditional architecture to be reconstructed be garden, enlarge the area and the height of garden, the ecology and the gardening on simulation ground, on Facade of Architecture, create a special space of giving plant growing, a plant is taken root the soil of existence for a long time, growth of plant and personnel activity's space are merged mutually, do not disturb mutually, allow every household all have so new space, new soil, this is unprecedented new concept in traditional architecture.New space only gives green plants, but has built an outdoor ecological environment to human settlements, makes dwelling environment and ecological environment produce the effect of good interaction, to reach building and natural harmony; New soil makes originally to be got back in people's the hand in the soil that industrial society loses again by technological means, intimate contact quickly between human settlements and the nature, make people also can enjoy dwelling environment as the villa of ground and high-quality quality of life in the air at height, its meaning can not only be extenuated the pressure to existing land resources greatly, make plane soil spaceization, three-dimensional, the more important thing is to make people return the soil, the psychological desire of back to nature is satisfied and is realized.The present invention simultaneously also moves the landscape architecture technology on ground in the air, make the resident in the middle-high building also can be aloft as the garden of living in ground, all there is own home's garden environment the left and right sides behind the house before the room, the have a rest place, space of amusement for the household is arranged, special planting technique district is arranged, realize that there is the greenery patches in the every household, the good life in garden is arranged in every family, and realize the integrated greening of elevation of building simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of pot type ecological yard, it is characterized in that, comprise: main garden, the hall front in described main garden and body room, building joins, and is the personnel zone of action, be divided into inside and outside garden two parts, interior garden is directly to step into outdoor place by indoor door; Described outer garden and interior garden front join, and are the planting technique district, earthing greening or establish the pond water scenery on it, described in garden be to embed building body interior zone and be combined into one with it or to have built up the interior garden of building body concordant with exterior wall, described outer garden is an evagination; The flank garden, described flank garden is the planting technique district, earthing greening or establish the pond water scenery on it, and fuse with main garden side; The outer garden of described flank garden and main garden constitutes a planting technique district that joins together mutually together; The main garden of wherein said pot type ecological yard and flank garden adopt concrete or steel work manufacturing, include tableland and medial and lateral retaining wall; Inboard retaining wall overlaps one or is close to the parallel connection of exterior wall with the external wall in building, described outside retaining wall is that sky is faced in the outside in garden tableland, be connected with inboard retaining wall that to enclose a sealing whole, or inside and outside retaining wall is equally also enclosed a sealing integral body separately around one week of tableland of building body leveling course.
Spatial altitude between described pot type ecological yard planting technique district and the upper strata garden surpasses 5000mm, is spring layer formula or splitlevel setting.
The inside and outside garden integrator of described main garden, the ground same treatment of described outer garden and interior garden also is connected one, and the flank garden constitutes the planting technique district separately.
Described pot type ecological yard connects the garden of four facades is all or part of in same leveling course; The flat shape of described pot type ecological yard is triangle, quadrangle, polygon or other shape; Described Neiting barnyard face is laid hardstand, semihard ground, wood flooring, glass floor or raised flooring.
Described planting technique district or whole ecological garden and indoor terrace are in same leveling course position, or integral body or local subsidence 10-600mm.
The height of described inboard retaining wall is 300-1000mm, and the height of outside retaining wall is 500-1000mm; Install in the described garden and be used for that region separation surrounds and the prefabricated retaining wall of water and soil moisture, the height of described prefabricated retaining wall is 300-600mm.
On the described retaining wall or the retaining wall exterior lateral area metal upright post, railing, metal grill or glass enclosing are installed, the setting of described glass enclosing together or two roads, by column or metallic framework fixed support, wherein at least one glass enclosing is fixed.
Plantation soil layer and vegetable layer are arranged on the described tableland, and the vegetation of described vegetable layer distributes and is followed successively by climbing plant, dungarunga, shrub, flowers and draft by outside retaining wall to inboard retaining wall; Described retaining wall height is greater than the planting soil layer thickness, and described plantation the thickness of the layer is reduced successively by outside retaining wall to inboard retaining wall.
Be provided with in the planting technique zone dungarunga is firmly taken root in metal grill wherein, described metal grill is embedded in the scope of destage ground 100-300mm, directly is fixed on the retaining wall or by being bolted on the tableland.
Described tableland and medial and lateral retaining wall are disposed with deck and fish tail and waterproof layer, also be provided with leveling layer or corrosion protection layer, wherein said fish tail and waterproof layer is made up of waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer and topping, is arranged on the inwall of described tableland and medial and lateral retaining wall; When adopting concrete structure to make, its structure is followed successively by deck, leveling layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer; When adopting steel work to make, its structure is followed successively by deck, corrosion protection layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer.
Described planting technique district is provided with gool on the tableland, contain the soil greening in it, it is by establish one retaining wall again in the tableland, with tableland cast one, be clipped between the inside and outside retaining wall, produce two parallel gools, or the composite material of employing high-strength light or engineering plastics are processed into rectangle or U-shaped gool and are arranged in rows, or adopt benzvalene form or box gool and be arranged in rows plantation greening in gool.
Also be provided with fixed intelligent irrigation system, comprise water source, water pump, solenoid electric valve, flow meter, pressure meter, water main and high level cistern, water enters high level cistern through above-mentioned member successively from the water source and carries out the grouping-hierarchy rotation flow, high level cistern is installed in the flank garden, with be arranged on retaining wall in soil layer in the low pressure feed water main of direct-burried be connected, be disposed with arm and hollow billet on the described main, water carries out infiltrating irrigation by hollow billet to vegetation, or offer porosely on the described main, the infiltration head is installed on the hole or directly vegetation is carried out infiltrating irrigation by the hole.
Also be provided with the floor drain facility, described floor drain facility is the water pipe that cover is inserted one section bell mouth shape on the mouth of pipe of former building body floor drain, the middle and upper part of pipe is provided with the honeycomb aperture that filters water and soil, the water pipe that cover is inserted has the protective cover and the cover cap of metal shell outward, protective cover has fibrous screen pack to surround outward, filter screen is the plantation soil layer outward, and the protective cover middle and upper part also is useful on the cellular aperture of foreign material in the filtered water, is useful on the cavity of water and soil precipitation and periodic cleaning between the water pipe that protective cover and cover are inserted.
The unit live load in described planting technique district is 300kg/m 2-600kg/m 2
When described ecological yard all adopted steel concrete to pour into a mould with major structure of construction, inboard retaining wall was provided with the position and overlaps with the external wall in building, and thickness is with it with wide, and the thickness of external wall cob wall can be identical with inboard retaining wall or reduces by half; When described pot type ecological yard adopted metal material processing to be made, its inboard retaining wall was parallel to the external wall elevation of building body and is close to exterior wall fixedly connected.
Described pot type ecological yard is established the closed glass cover on garden top, thereby constitute the The greenhouse ecological garden, described cloche is made with metallic framework, described metallic framework is installed in the scope of outside retaining wall 0-500mm, the coated glass of clear glass being installed or being had property in the skeleton frame, and window in integral body or part, described skeleton bottom is fastened on garden outside retaining wall or column by connector and bolt, on the railing, the connector and the bolt of skeleton top and its upper strata garden outside retaining wall or column lower end are connected and fixed, or are connected and fixed with expansion bolt on external wall elevation; Described The greenhouse ecological garden can form whole curtain wall at building body facade when same facade and adjacent The greenhouse ecological garden fuse.
When adopting steel work to build; the external wall elevation 500-2000mm that upwards is close to the building body from bottom establishes bearing column and crossbeam is combined into skeleton bearing system; by shape and sheet material be welded rectangle or U-shaped channel garden; described gool itself has constituted the tableland and the interior outside retaining wall of garden; the rust topping of setting up defences in the groove; waterproofing course; anti-root puncture layer; column that arranged outside safety is gone along with sb. to guard him and railing; its inboard of described skeleton bearing system is connected one closely with the building body that has built up; earthing greening in the described gool; direct-burried infiltrating irrigation pipe in the gool soil layer is given the plant intelligent slight irrigation by fixed irrigation system.
The present invention also provides a kind of construction method of pot type ecological yard, comprise the garden construction, courtyard greening and garden are irrigated, it is characterized in that: garden is built, the employing concrete structure is built, with building phosphor bodies structure cast one, the bottom spring layer formula of external wall facade or splitlevel up are set to top layer or roof from the building, on the external wall elevation of building body leveling course, stretch 500-2000mm to the outer, the tableland that produces protrudes in building body facade, and in around garden, being provided with, outer retaining wall, the tableland with in, outer retaining wall is built one, form the groove that sealing surrounds, form the container of peviform, described tableland and in, outside retaining wall is disposed with deck, leveling layer and fish tail and waterproof layer, wherein said fish tail and waterproof layer is by waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer and topping are formed, be arranged on described tableland and in, the inwall of outside retaining wall; Its structure is followed successively by deck, leveling layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer; Fish tail and waterproof layer dress soil is filled with water, the external wall cast in inboard retaining wall and building one, and its thickness and exterior wall are with wide, and one is poured into a mould in outside retaining wall and garden tableland, and thickness is identical with inboard retaining wall or reduce by half, and garden tableland and building body structure integrally combine; Courtyard greening, be at planting technique district earthing, the distribution of soil layer is outer thick interior thin, the distribution of plant is followed successively by climbing plant, dungarunga, shrub, flowers and draft from outside to inside, up be set to top layer or roof from the bottom spring layer formula of building body, the body greening of whole building fuses, or adopts the mode of gool greening; Garden is irrigated, and by fixed intelligent irrigation system, building body garden vegetation is carried out the intelligent slight irrigation of whole grouping-hierarchy; Described fixed intelligent irrigation system comprises water source, water pump, solenoid electric valve, flow meter, pressure meter, water main and high level cistern, water enters high level cistern through above-mentioned member successively from the water source and carries out the grouping-hierarchy rotation flow, high level cistern is installed in the flank garden, with be arranged on retaining wall in soil layer in the low pressure feed water main of direct-burried be connected, be disposed with arm and hollow billet on the described main, water carries out infiltrating irrigation by hollow billet to vegetation, or offer porosely on the described main, the infiltration head is installed on the hole or directly vegetation is carried out infiltrating irrigation by the hole.
Described gool greening mode is that gool is set on the tableland, contain the soil greening in it, it is by establish one retaining wall again in the tableland, with tableland cast one, be clipped between the inside and outside retaining wall, produce two parallel gools, or the composite material of employing high-strength light or engineering plastics are processed into rectangle or U-shaped gool and are arranged in rows, or adopt benzvalene form or box gool and be arranged in rows plantation greening in gool.
The present invention also provides a kind of construction method of pot type ecological yard, comprise the garden construction, courtyard greening and garden are irrigated, it is characterized in that: garden is built, adopt steel work or combining structure, be connected one with crossbeam by bearing column and constitute skeleton bearing system, be connected one closely with the building body that has built up, by shape and sheet material be welded rectangle or U-shaped channel garden, described gool itself has constituted the tableland and the interior outside retaining wall of garden, described tableland and in, outside retaining wall is disposed with deck, corrosion protection layer and fish tail and waterproof layer, wherein said fish tail and waterproof layer is by waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer and topping are formed, be arranged on described tableland and in, the inwall of outside retaining wall; Its structure is followed successively by deck, corrosion protection layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer; Be on the outer facade of body leveling course position, building, the channel ecological yard to be set, in the scope of building external wall surface 500-2000mm, row's bearing column be arranged in parallel, column is at interval between the 4000-10000mm, bearing column is provided with the crossbeam and the adjacent bearing column that intersect in length and breadth and is interconnected to constitute a skeleton bearing system, described skeleton bearing system adopts steel work or combining structure to build, the inboard of this skeleton is close to the external wall in building and is punched on the structure of its building body, and skeleton is fixed on by the expansion bolt on the metal connecting piece and builds up Lou Tishang; Or divest its surperficial topping at the skeleton position relative with building body structure leveling course, and expose the main muscle of structure, skeleton is welded on the main muscle of structure fixingly by its connector, and then carry out the antirust of component surface and protection; Dress soil is filled with water in the tableland of garden gool, the earthing greening; Courtyard greening is earthing greening in rectangle or U-shaped gool, is embedded with the infiltrating irrigation pipe in the soil layer, up is set to top layer or roof from the bottom spring layer formula of building body, and body greening in whole building fuses; Garden is irrigated, and by fixed intelligent irrigation system, building body garden gool interplantation is carried out the intelligent slight irrigation of whole grouping-hierarchy; Described fixed intelligent irrigation system comprises water source, water pump, solenoid electric valve, flow meter, pressure meter, water main and high level cistern, water enters high level cistern through above-mentioned member successively from the water source and carries out the grouping-hierarchy rotation flow, high level cistern is installed in the flank garden, with be arranged on retaining wall in soil layer in the low pressure feed water main of direct-burried be connected, be disposed with arm and hollow billet on the described main, water carries out infiltrating irrigation by hollow billet to vegetation, or offer porosely on the described main, the infiltration head is installed on the hole or directly vegetation is carried out infiltrating irrigation by the hole.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, described pot type ecological yard itself has comprised the space and the function of former balcony, on the horizontal level of former balcony, increased green space again, therefore, garden function itself that do not abandon balcony is set, opposite it make the more perfect function and the practicality of former balcony, also make original balcony produce qualitative leap, make between traditional architecture and the green ecological, between the interior space and the exterior space by aerial ecological yard the height the fusion one, reach the beneficial effect of building and natural harmony coexistence, and change real green ecological building into by common building.
2, described pot type ecological yard can solve the significant deficiency that middle-high building building body facade can't integrated greening, the balcony greening notion that abandoning tradition falls behind, with the ecological yard that originally just has on ground as one independently building unit move in the air, move among the every household, simultaneously whole building body facade greening and roof greening organically are combined into an integral body, and with building body volume inside, structure, the function of house type and former balcony etc. combines and carries out unified planning and designing, make whole building body become a real green ecological building, also make photosynthesis of plants in the application of solar building, obtain maximum area by the greening of facade garden, the widest scope, the most scientific and reasonable effective utilization.Reach the beneficial effect of building energy-saving consumption reduction, health environment-friendly.
3, described pot type ecological yard is provided with according to the structure and the characteristics of container; the container structure that garden tableland and retaining wall are all around integrally combined and form a whole; and by water conservation layer, the floor drain etc. of setting up defences in the container standard; make pot type ecological yard self have dress soil and be filled with water, plant function and the purposes that tree goes up the people; thereby avoided the internal environment of influence of garden water and soil and wet gas and interference building body; make the indoor environment neat and tidy, and stop the generation of body of wall seepage phenomenon.Can make separation flexibly between planting technique district, pond and each garden by prefabricated retaining wall in the garden, also make the inboard retaining wall of pot type ecological yard can open gap smoothly and not influence indoor environment.In addition, direct earthing in garden, and the greening mode that Qiao, filling, grass combine is difficult to realize also have only and adopt container-like channel to construct the requirement that could satisfy water and soil conservation and architecture greening in traditional building balcony.
4; traditional balcony and pot type ecological yard can coexist with any facade with the Stall body among have complementary functions; balcony area is little; highly low; be fit to personnel's short stay and airing; the garden area is big; spatial altitude is a times of common balcony; volume ratio reaches more than 5-10 times; ventilation and lighting is good; personnel's outdoor activities zone and courtyard greening space are very free from worry; be fit to long outdoor leisure activity; aerial at height simultaneously because the protection of lower floor's garden has been arranged; the safety of upper strata balcony; sight and practicality all are greatly improved and improve, and can corresponding minimizing build the generation of acrophobia, even if also make people's mental impression just as the life of ground in the aerial inhabitation of height.Therefore the present invention does not repel the function of balcony and balcony, and it makes and the more perfect function of former balcony more meets people's the physiology and the requirement of mental health on the contrary, and the setting of elevation of building is more scientific and reasonable.
5, in pot type ecological yard, use intelligent micro irrigation technology and carried out infiltrating irrigation, not only water saving, health, free from extraneous odour, also exempted the heavy physical labor that the owner carries out fertilizing, watering, and make property management simply effective, the utilization of middle sewage and irrigation had both solved moisture and the source of nutrition of plant, and the water that has also alleviated simultaneously surrounding enviroment pollutes.The plant that the intelligence micro irrigation technology can not only be controlled a building by the connection of computer network is irrigated, also can control several, tens and all buildings of whole community comprise ground green area irrigation and in, sewerage treatment and reuse, and be biogas energy in the sewage disposal process, natural pond water, natural pond slag and organic, the recovery and the scientific utilization of inorganic household garbage have been created advantage, intelligence slight irrigation with in, the utilization of sewage makes architecture-self pass through its inner material circulation of energy drives of the sun and the one-way flow of bio-energy, thereby reaches the beneficial effect of architecture-self sustainable development.
6, because the pot type ecological yard area is big, spatial altitude is high, the function that possesses the anti-root puncture of excellent waterproof again, thereby be fit to carry out the gardening greening of garden and the setting in water scenery pond, the garden of every household all can be arranged excellent, also afforesting and beautifying with family planting industry, culture fishery of garden can be combined simultaneously, the development courtyard economy, both improved the living environment quality, increase family income again, the gourd, fruit and vegetable that can also obtain no pollution by pesticides in the garden with edible home-confinedly.Garden ecology is not only the ground of work body-building from the angle of Old Age Homes's endowment, also is the important source of its income and manifesting of family status, to the elderly's the physical and mental health and the stable important effect that played of harmony of family.
7, owing to adopt the solid root technology of plant, make dungarunga in the garden of high-altitude, also possess stronger wind loading rating, make that the vegetation landscape of garden is abundant, in picturesque disorder, being convenient to gardening afforests and makes scape and beautify, the solid root technology of plant can overcome the technical barrier that is difficult to plant trees on the traditional architecture, except tall and big trees, make life cycle long, the scope that all can be put into selection to other strong plant variety of environmental suitability, the glass enclosing of while in the retaining wall arranged outside of pot type ecological yard also can stop high aerial high wind effectively, reduce the harmful effect of strong wind, and help the keep out the cold beneficial effect of weather invasion and attack of plant to a certain extent garden environment and trees.In addition, the plantation of dungarunga and shrub to the garden vegetation afforest and beautify and the long-time stability of the building integral greening and the ecosystem have played most important effect.
8, described The greenhouse ecological garden can be fit to the protection of surviving the winter of north cold area plant in winter, and by day, the The greenhouse ecological garden is gathered solar energy, and courtyard space is rapidly heated in the severe cold outside isolation room, gives indoor makeup energy; At night, by the outer cold climate of the air layer isolation room of The greenhouse ecological courtyard space, be incubated to building interior, and the surplus temperature of utilizing external wall to distribute keeps the preference temperature of a plant safe overwintering for the The greenhouse ecological garden, make the The greenhouse ecological garden also can The flowers bloom luxuriantly in winter of cold, evergreen all the year round, and when beautifying living environment, provide fresh harmless fruits and vegetables with edible.No matter adopt the The greenhouse ecological garden can break the region restriction that the architecture greening technology is used, be that the torrid zone, frigid zone can both make put on green clothing and make building energy conservation heat insulation of building surface.The application of The greenhouse ecological garden can not only make the building ecological safe overwintering of cold district, the main building surface that also makes has increased an insulation layer and air heat-insulation layer again, building heat preservation and energy-saving effect are promoted significantly, room air and humiture are more reasonable comfortable, and it is can be from macroscopic aspect significantly energy-conservation and alleviate fire coal in winter, combustion gas and peak of power consumption bottleneck, reduce the dual discharging of dusty gas and greenhouse gases, thereby extenuate the beneficial effect of global exhaust emission and greenhouse effect generation.
9, the channel ecological yard of described employing skeleton bearing system, integrated greening on any facade of building building body that is suitable for having built up, can make traditional architecture to rebuild and to carry out the construction of surperficial afforestation project, thereby reach the beneficial effect that the building energy-saving consumption reduction is afforested and beautified.Commercial office premises and the public building in the city particularly, its building energy consumption is big, and the dull nothing greening of facade covers, and adopts this technology to carry out the greening of elevation of building, the air conditioning energy consumption in building is reduced, the abundant beneficial effect that also greatly improves the office business environment of facade ecoscape rapidly.Facade outside the semi-high-rise housing building that has built up is carried out whole greening, can promote the inhabitation quality, reduce the electric energy expenditure of resident family, beautify cell environment, increase the greening index of sub-district.
10, every household has ecological yard, have the planting technique district, can make city and rural green coverage and index increase greatly, the inhabitation ecological environment is improved greatly, city " heat island effect " phenomenon will be weakened, city " forest of skyscrapers " will be eliminated, main is to provide fresh harmless edible fruits and vegetables by the courtyard greening plantation, can greatly reduce scale and the input of country from macroscopic aspect to agricultural fruits and vegetables base, save a large amount of soils and be used to improve the construction of region environment, reach the energy-conservation dual beneficial effect that saves land.Pass through the garden vegetation to the absorption conversion of solar radiant energy and the adjusting of aerial temperature and humidity in summer simultaneously, the building air conditioning amount is significantly reduced, thereby cut down the peak of power consumption in town and country greatly, alleviate the electricity consumption bottleneck, make electric power facility obtain the most rational scientific utilization, reduce country the overall beneficial effect that drops into of electric power exploitation.
Above-mentioned and additional features, advantage of the present invention can further be understood by the detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is pot type ecological yard planar configuration figure;
Figure 1B is along the sectional drawing of A-A among Figure 1A;
Fig. 2 is the greening schematic diagram of flank garden;
Fig. 3 is the landscape pond and the planting technique schematic diagram of main garden entrance area;
Fig. 4 A is a channel garden structural representation;
Fig. 4 B is another kind of channel garden structural representation;
Fig. 5 is fixed intelligent irrigation system schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 A is for building up the skeleton bearing system lateral view of building body;
Fig. 6 B is for building up the skeleton bearing system elevation of building body;
Fig. 7 is a garden floor drain schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the local enlarged diagram of B part among Fig. 6 A.
The specific embodiment
To shown in Figure 8, the invention provides a kind of pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof as Figure 1A, it has taked the technical measures of following several respects:
1. the spatial group composition of garden is two parts: the one, and occupied zone, the 2nd, planting technique district.Occupied zone is characterized in that the inlet position at garden, is hardstand or semihard ground, is fit to personnel and has a rest and amusement, has kept the function and the purposes of former balcony; The planting technique district is characterized in that providing specially the permanent area of plant growing and growth, and plantation soil layer, vegetable layer and plant irrigating facility etc. are arranged, and is fit to the growth of taking root of plant.In addition, in garden, also satisfy the condition that pond, water scenery are set, be fit to build the growing environment of aquatic animal.
2. garden is constructed: surround one by the sealing of the retaining wall around garden tableland and the tableland, resemble the groove container of a peviform, make that water and soil in the garden is unlikely to leak or seepage and influence indoor environment, its garden belongs to the steel concrete tableland and is configured to: deck → leveling layer → waterproofing course → anti-root puncture layer → topping → plantation soil layer → vegetable layer; Garden is the tableland structure of canister shape steel work: deck (shape and sheet material are welded) → corrosion protection layer → waterproofing course → anti-root puncture layer → plantation soil layer → vegetable layer.
Garden position, height and area be set: be arranged on the external wall elevation of building building body, inboardly link to each other with agent structure, sky is faced in the outside, and is identical with the horizontal level of traditional architecture balcony, and can be around whole house type facade setting; Spatial altitude between garden and the upper strata garden surpasses 5000mm, for the spring layer formula is provided with, jumps two, three layers, fully satisfies the growth needs of garden vegetation; The garden area is divided into occupied zone and planting technique district two parts, and the area of every part all surpasses the area of traditional balcony usually, and volume ratio may reach about 5-10 times especially.
4. garden load requirement: for traditional balcony live load about one times reaches 300-600kg/m 2(tableland that refers to planting technique district part).
5. introduce arbor, shrub in the planting technique district, the vertical planting planting patterns of selecting Qiao, filling, grass to combine and directly plant in soil layer makes the elevation of building greening satisfy time requirement steady in a long-term.
6. the root dungarunga is provided with solid root measure, strengthens the wind loading rating of trees in the garden of high-altitude.
7. the heating and the heat preservation technology measure of safe overwintering being provided for the garden vegetation promoted the ecological yard technology and not limited by weather and region.
8. the intelligent micro irrigation technology of plant is provided, with in the building, sewerage treatment combines, carry out the intelligent slight irrigation of elevation of building integral body by the irrigation pipe network facility, when daily life sewage utilizes, ensure the moisture of plant and the long-term supply of nutrient, reduce destruction and the pollution of daily life sewage surrounding enviroment.
Above-mentioned eight major technology measures all are to launch round the planting technique of garden and garden, realize the greening of garden and beautify under the prerequisite that satisfies former balcony function.Also make the function and the purposes of former balcony produce qualitative leap, satisfy the sustainable development requirement of following ecotecture.
The present invention realizes as follows:
Be arranged on any facade of building building body leveling course exterior wall 85 as Figure 1A and the described pot type ecological yard of Figure 1B, the inboard links to each other with agent structure, sky is faced in the outside, be in same horizontal level with the traditional architecture balcony, it is characterized in that it surrounds one by 22,23 sealings of the inside and outside retaining wall around tableland 21 and the tableland 21, resembles the groove container of a peviform; Described pot type ecological yard it is characterized in that tableland 21 and all around the retaining wall inwall be provided with fish tail and waterproof layer, retaining wall top around 21 bottoms are set to always from the tableland, fish tail and waterproof layer is made up of waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, both satisfied its dress soil and be filled with water, planted the requirement that tree goes up the people, stopped of the harmful effect of the interior water and soil of garden again building building body; Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that forming with the cast of major structure of construction one, also can be prefabricated in factory process, and the scene is installed and is finished with agent structure welding or bolt ways of connecting; The material of described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that adopting the steel concrete cast to form, and also can be made with metal material processing.
Contain planting soil or water in described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that, the unit live load in its garden tableland 21 is about a times of standard balcony, reaches 300-600kg/m 2Between, 21 construct the content that increases concrete scale of construction and reinforcing bar arrangement of reinforcement when designing by this requirement in the garden tableland, adopt steel work or combining structure when building up building body construction, the unit steel content of the every square meter of corresponding increase, thereby the weight capacity of enhancing structure.
The space of described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that it is made of jointly main garden 11 and flank garden 12: described main garden 11 joins with the hall 87 fronts in body room, building, and be divided into inside and outside garden 111,112 two parts again, interior garden 111 is meant that personnel directly step into outdoor main place of carrying out the amusement and recreation activity by indoor door, hardstand, semihard ground, wood flooring or raised flooring etc. are laid in interior garden 111 ground, and a small amount of greening essay etc. can be set; Described outer garden 112 is meant the zone that joins with interior garden 111 fronts, this zone is the planting technique district, but earthing greening on it, the feature of garden 111 is can embed building body interior zone and be combined into one with it or to have built up the interior garden 111 of building body concordant with exterior wall in described, the feature of described outer garden 112 be can evagination to increase the usable floor area of main garden 11, in the feature of described main garden 11 is, outer garden 111, but 112 integrators, the big I of its area is coordinated mutually flexibly, its China and foreign countries' garden 112 also can not established the planting technique district, and with the ground same treatment of interior garden 111 and be connected the zone that one becomes the personnel activity; The feature of described flank garden 12 is not join with the hall 87 fronts, do not have directly to lead to indoor door, personnel just can enter by main garden 11, and flank garden 12 belongs to the planting technique district, but earthing greening or establish pond 13 etc. on it, and fuse with main garden 11 sides; The outer garden 112 of described flank garden 12 and main garden 11 constitutes a planting technique district that joins together mutually together.Described interconnective pot type ecological yard is characterized in that in same leveling course, can connect the garden of four facades is all or part of, its length can equate with the house type face width or greater than, less than face width, or around a peripheral week of building body.Described ecological yard is characterized in that main garden 11 is personnel activity's main region, and flank garden 12 is the main region of planting technique, and both spaces are not replaceable.Described planting technique district or whole ecological garden is characterized in that being in same leveling course position with indoor terrace, also can integral body or local subsidence 10-600mm.The space of garden it is characterized in that and the upper strata garden between height surpass 5000mm, for the spring layer formula is provided with, jump two, three layers, fully satisfy the growth needs of garden vegetation; The flat shape of described ecological yard has curved surface, cambered surface of triangle, quadrangle, polygon or different shape etc.It is characterized in that being provided with various gardening essays, water scenery pond, micro-landscape, withered mountain stone, tables and chairs etc. in the described garden intersperses and beautifies; Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that can change its Zone Full or regional area into landscape pond 13 is used for viewing and admiring of fish or aquaculture etc.Here the garden itself that requires emphasis can be afforested by earthing; also can be filled with water and breed fish; if dual-use function such as pond, water scenery and purposes; both can coordinate and change flexibly; tableland and interior outside retaining wall are the airtight all around fluid-tight container structures that belongs to peviform; be made up of waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, be fit to be provided with pond, water scenery, particularly the tableland live load in planting technique district is the density 1000kg/m by water 3Standard is provided with, and is very suitable to the growing environment of building water scenery and aquatic animal, does not need the garden structure transformed and change to implement courtyard greening and garden water scenery two sets of plan simultaneously.Therefore, garden water scenery itself also is an important component part indispensable in the courtyard greening.Directly water filling is breeded fish in garden, mountain stone and gardening essay are set in the pond and plant and cultures aquatic animal etc., makes greening view and the combination of pond view, and can be equipped with facilities such as lamp, light, sound, the electricity environment that beautifies the yard.The humiture that pond, water scenery and the green plants that is provided with in the garden can effectively be regulated air, the comfort level of lifting indoor environment plays the effect of natural air conditioner.
Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that the retaining wall around the garden tableland 21 is made up of inside and outside two parts: inboard retaining wall 22 is with the external wall 85 coincidence one in building or be close to exterior wall 85 parallel connections, see Figure 1A, described outside retaining wall 23 is characterized in that the outside in garden tableland 21 faces sky, be connected with inboard retaining wall 22 that to enclose a sealing whole, or inside and outside retaining wall is equally also enclosed a sealing integral body separately around 21 1 weeks of tableland of building body leveling course; Described inboard retaining wall 22 is characterized in that highly not waiting for 300-1000mm, can open and clear mouthful on the retaining wall when inboard retaining wall 22 is established door and garden and sunk between the hall 87 positions of building body and outdoor garden, highly down adjust, to make things convenient for personnel's discrepancy activity; Outside retaining wall 23 is characterized in that the height of wall is that 500-1000mm does not wait, the height of inside and outside retaining wall can or reduce according to different parts and the local rising of requirement, the length of inside and outside retaining wall is decided with the ecological yard size, and the thickness of wall also requires according to difference and the position can be adjusted; When described ecological yard all adopted steel concrete to pour into a mould with major structure of construction, inboard retaining wall 22 is characterized in that being provided with the position and overlaps with the external wall 85 in building, and thickness is with it with wide, and the thickness of external wall cob wall can be identical with inboard retaining wall 22 or reduces by half; When described pot type ecological yard adopted metal material processing to be made, its inboard retaining wall 22 was parallel to exterior wall 85 facades of building body and is close to exterior wall 85 fixedly connected.
It is characterized in that in the described pot type ecological yard installing by the good retaining wall 24 of prefabrication with the separation of doing the zone or the usefulness that surrounds, prefabricated retaining wall 24 can be processed into the straight line that is strip, curve, different shapes such as camber line, its section is type or semi-convex font, up-small and down-big, down-shift of working center, length is 300-1500mm, width is 30-300mm, highly be between the 300-600mm, integrally combine by tongue and groove and the fastening of punching bolt between the interconnective prefabricated retaining wall 24, and and garden tableland 21, isolating water and soil or moisture, described prefabricated retaining wall 24 had not only kept off native root resistance but also dash leakproof with the building sealant sealing in the slit at the position that body of wall etc. connect.
On the retaining wall in described tableland 21 or the wall exterior lateral area it is characterized in that installing metal upright post 41, railing 42, metal grill or glass enclosing 44 etc. are to make the usefulness that safety is gone along with sb. to guard him, the installation position built-in metal connector 81 of described column 41, inserting or weld column 41 on it fixes, some roads railing 42 or metal grill are set on the column 41 to be connected with column 41 welding or poling, thereby the safety of forming garden is gone along with sb. to guard him facility, on the retaining wall 23 of the described garden outside or the wall outside is characterized in that also can establishing one clear glass enclosing 44 and sees Fig. 2, in the scope of outside retaining wall 230-300mm, height is set to be selected between 500-2000mm, neither influence sunlight transmission and view, can stop high aerial cold wind again, the condition of surviving the winter is provided to plant, the bottom of glass enclosing 44 is installed on the connector 81 of outer heel post 41 lower ends of retaining wall and uses bolt, and bolt is being used on the railing 42 or on the connector 81 of column 41 upper ends of retaining wall in top; When described glass enclosing 44 highly surpasses 1000mm, the metallic framework housing is set, when glass enclosing 44 highly surpasses 1500mm, need strengthens column 41 or increase bracing reinforcement, to strengthen its wind resistance; Described glass enclosing 44 is characterized in that being set up in parallel twice, one glass enclosing 44 maintains static, another road glass enclosing 44 can be up and down, upwards raise by the slideway of installing on 44 liang of heel posts 41 of glass enclosing (pulley) in the time of in the winter time, regulate the height that keeps out the wind of glass enclosing 44, the height of glass enclosing 44 is original one times when rising to the slideway top, thereby improves plant safe overwintering and the ability of resisting cold wind; Described glass enclosing 44 also is adapted at the purposes of keeping out the wind in the ecological yard of high-altitude.
The planting technique district of described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that having on the garden tableland 21 plantation soil layer 51 and vegetable layer 52, the thickness of plantation soil layer 51 is outer thick interior thin, all thick is between the 300-350mm, the vegetation plantation is adopted tall, irritate, the vertical planting planting patterns that grass combines and directly plants at the plantation soil layer, plant variety is to adjust accordingly and select according to different work of soil thickness, the distribution characteristics of plant variety is respectively climbing plant 31 → dungarunga 32 → shrub 33 → flowers 34 → draft 35 from outside to inside: described climbing plant 31 is in the inboard plantation of retaining wall, soil thickness is the height that is lower than retaining wall between the 400-500mm, its growing space is in the outermost of garden, and the column that retaining wall was climbed up by holding on to or passed through to wherein most of cauline leaf is with railing and face empty sagging growth and form green Li or flower Li; Described dungarunga 32 is also in the inboard plantation of retaining wall, soil thickness is between the 500-1000mm, form circular or fan-shaped rideau shape, outside retaining wall 23 must be pressed the mound height and do corresponding the adjustment, the retaining wall height is all the time greater than mound height 50-100mm, to satisfy the requirement of retaining soil, the growing height of dungarunga 32 is controlled between the 3000-4000mm, but the branches and leaves of empty growth are faced in the moderate pruning arrangement outside; Described shrub 33 is in the inboard plantation of retaining wall, and identical with the soil thickness of climbing plant 31, its growing height is that 300-3000mm does not wait, and often prunes arrangement; Also in the inboard plantation of retaining wall, soil thickness is between the 200-350mmmm to described flowers 34, and its growing height is that 50-2000mm does not wait, and often prunes arrangement; Described draft 35 plants all can be planted in the garden scope, and soil thickness is 150-300mm, and its growing height is that 50-1000mm does not wait, and can often prune arrangement; Described plantation soil layer 51 is characterized in that and can carry out the soil modification as required, and specific gravity of soil is diminished, and alleviates structural load or increases organic content in the soil, adds measure such as trace element.
The planting technique district of described garden is characterized in that gool 53 can be set on tableland 21, contain the soil greening in it, the mode of gool greening has two kinds to see shown in Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B: first kind of gool greening mode is characterized in that establishing one retaining wall again in garden tableland 21, with tableland 21 cast one, be clipped between the inside and outside retaining wall, produce two parallel gools 53, wherein a square groove is as the aisle in selection, and last paving brick becomes hardstand or earthing kind grass; Can adorn the soil greening in another square groove or be filled with water and breed fish, be provided with infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 and floor drain 7 in the groove; Second kind of gool 53 greening mode is characterized in that adopting the composite material of high-strength light or engineering plastics etc. to be processed into rectangle or U-shaped gool 53; be about 500-1500mm; wide about 300-1000mm; high about 400-600mm; the both ends open of gool 53; thereby the inside and outside wall liner rib in two ends or both sides is reinforced the horizontal side pressure with the opposing soil body; gool 53 can interconnect from beginning to end; on 21 ground, tableland, directly put and be arranged in rows; bottom land is provided with floor drain 7 so that get rid of unnecessary ponding; fill planting soil and vegetation in the gool 53; the fluted plate of installing of the two ends inwall of opening is with the interim partition of making the soil body and the usefulness that surrounds; described gool 53 is assembled arrangement and mobile flexibly repeatedly; can move on to the protection of surviving the winter in the greenhouse during winter; replace and afforest spring; described rectangle or U-shaped gool 53 also can adopt benzvalene form or box structure; the sealing of gool 53 both ends opens is surrounded the cast one become container; unified specification and size dimension; so that mutual connection and combination; planting soil in the gool 53 is separate separately; undope mutually, form the planting patterns of " establish basin in the basin, establish groove in the basin ".A kind of gool 53 maintains static with garden tableland 21 cast one before in the described garden, a kind of gool 53 in back is removable variations and reconfigures, after treating building completion, by look ahead the voluntarily gool greening of garden of developer or owner, dual mode all can be selected to use.The plant water adopts drip irrigation or two kinds of form settings of infiltrating irrigation.In addition, the planting technique district of described pot type ecological yard itself is exactly the structure of gool 53, and the essence of two kinds of greening modes is " to establish groove in the groove " in the planting technique district.
Described pot type ecological yard can be to establish cloche 46 on garden top, see Figure 1B, adopt totally enclosed form with its all or local space cover on the inside and make and become sight The greenhouse ecological garden, both gathered solar energy and building heat preservation, be beneficial to the protection of surviving the winter of cold district plant again; Described cloche 46 is characterized in that making with metallic framework 45, the coated glass of clear glass being installed or being had property in skeleton 45 frames, described skeleton 45 bottoms are fixed on garden outside retaining wall 23 or column 41, be connected and fixed by connector 81 and bolt on the railing 42, the connector 81 and the bolt of skeleton 45 tops and its upper strata garden outside retaining wall 23 or column 41 lower ends are connected and fixed, or on exterior wall 85 facades, be connected and fixed with expansion bolt, fixing facade that produces in two ends can be vertical about it, tilt or arc, metallic framework 45 is installed in the scope of outside retaining wall 0-500mm, can adopt sliding sash at the integral body or the part elevation of railing 42 upper areas of outside retaining wall 23, casement window, the form of folding window or the electric foldable window view of breathing freely; Described The greenhouse ecological garden can form whole curtain wall at building body facade when same facade and adjacent The greenhouse ecological garden fuse; Described The greenhouse ecological garden is characterized in that building simple greenhouse's booth that plastic sheeting is made in the planting technique district of flank garden 12 temporarily, and the space of surviving the winter is provided to plant; Described The greenhouse ecological garden is characterized in that in plantation soil layer 51 or buries heating pad pipe 89 underground in 21 techonospheres of tableland, rationally controls heating temperature in the winter time, makes the temperature of planting soil layer 51 satisfy the requirement of plant safe overwintering; Heating area pot type ecological yard is characterized in that can establishing insulation layer on the deck in the winter time, does not establish insulation layer on its deck of non-heating region.
The pot type ecological yard of facade belongs to non-open-air atmosphere around the building building body, all can not obtain vertical rainfall, have only a spot of rainwater can waft among the soil layer of garden into, therefore the vegetation in the garden all needs to carry out man-made irrigation to keep the skin wet and nutrient, the plant water of described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that adopting the fixed irrigation system of intelligent control, see Figure 1A, 1B, shown in 5, this irrigation system belongs to the low pressure infiltrating irrigation, can be divided into two parts: the one, and the water source 61 on ground, water pump 62, solenoid electric valve 63, flow meter 64, pressure meter 65 grades vertically are transported to irrigation water in each leveling course of building body by water main 66; The 2nd, each leveling course of building body supplies water by the high level cistern 67 of giving at regular time and quantity such as solenoid electric valve 63 in the floor and flow meter 64, high level cistern 67 is installed in the flank garden 12, keep certain water level, the water pressure that produces is connected with the low pressure feed water main 681 that high level cistern 67 bottoms are imbedded in the soil, low pressure feed water main 681 in leveling course along 100-400mm place direct-burried under the inboard soil layer of retaining wall to the end of garden, arm 682 and 681 vertical connections of main, spacing is 1000-3000mm, arm 682 tops are connected with hollow billet 683, and the infiltration head by hollow billet 683 directly carries out the low pressure infiltrating irrigation at plant root; Or in soil layer low pressure feed water pipe of direct-burried, punch on the pipeline, the infiltration head is installed in the hole is directly carried out infiltrating irrigation at plant root; Or in soil layer direct-burried plastics antipriming pipe, utilize the infiltration of aperture on the feedwater piping directly to carry out the infiltrating irrigation of soil, the end of the pipe certain altitude that bassets is used for exhaust.Described surface pond 61 is characterized in that utilizing the treated qualified daily life sewage that the plant irrigation water requires that satisfies of middle sewage of building body self; Described intelligent control system is characterized in that by Accurate Analysis and the programming of electron controls technology to various parameters such as water source 61, water pump 62, solenoid electric valve 63, flow meter 64, pressure meters 65, carry out irrigating in turn of grouping-hierarchy in conjunction with the quantitative garden vegetation of giving each leveling course and position, roof of various factors accurate timings such as weather, season, amount of precipitation, to improve the utilization ratio of irrigating facility.The fixed slight irrigation facility of described intelligent control is characterized in that up being set to top layer until the position, roof from the bottom of building body always, as long as garden is arranged, there is the planting technique district that the setting of slight irrigation facility is just arranged, the intelligent electric sub-control system that forms a whole from top to bottom carries out the hierarchical grouping rotation flow of plant, do not occur lacking irritating and leaking and irritate phenomenon, described intelligent irrigation system is characterized in that also being suitable for that case in the garden is planted, the vegetation of plantation are irrigated in the potted plant or prefabricated rectangle, U-shaped gool 53, see Fig. 4 A, 4B.The pot type ecological yard of described building body facade belongs to non-open-air atmosphere, owing to there is not direct natural precipitation, the main fixed irrigation system of intelligent control that relies on is given plant accurate irrigation at regular time and quantity, therefore can not produce the generation of broad irrigation ponding and soil water saturated phenomenon, needn't filtration beds be set 51 times and drainage blanket drains the water away at the garden planting soil layer; But under the open-air atmosphere at building body top layer and position, roof, direct natural precipitation is arranged, might be because of rainfall produces a large amount of ponding and soil water saturated phenomenon, so the garden planting soil layer at these positions still need be provided with filtration beds and drainage blanket for 51 times to get rid of unnecessary ponding.Described slight irrigation facility is imbedded among the soil layer, its moisture makes soil layer inside keep moistening and state that the surface soil body still keeps dry by the absorption and the infiltration of soil, thereby the growth that the water evaporation quantity that makes soil is reduced to minimum degree of economizing on water most and reduced and suppress weeds, the pipe network of imbedding simultaneously in the soil layer can prevent the freeze injury in winter, prolong the application life of pipe network facilities, and make the soil layer surface clean clean and tidy, the health free from extraneous odour, cannot see the existence of pipe network, be convenient in garden, plant be planted and maintenance, also exempted artificially applying fertilizer, heavy manual labor such as water reduces the workload of plant maintenance.In the slight irrigation of garden plant and the building body, sewerage treatment combines, utilize the daily life sewage after handling to carry out the irrigation of plant, not only save precious water resource, made full use of water resource, also eliminated pollution and the destruction of daily life sewage to surrounding enviroment, and to set up one in architecture-self be core with solar energy, the material circulation of being changed mutually by plant, people (animal), middle sewerage treatment (microorganism) three and the one-way flow system of bio-energy realize that by photosynthesis the solar energy utilization maximizes and the purpose of building continuous development.
Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that being provided with the floor drain facility and sees Fig. 7 to drain the water away in garden, the position that floor drain 7 is provided with is in the scope of inboard retaining wall 50-500mm, have in tableland 21 under the situation of soil layer, the feature of described floor drain 7 is water pipes that cover is inserted the bell mouth shape of a segment length 150-300mm on the mouth of pipe of former floor drain, the middle and upper part of pipe is provided with the honeycomb aperture 72 that filters water and soil, the water pipe that cover is inserted has the protective cover 73 and the cover cap 74 of metal shell outward, there is fibrous screen pack 75 to surround outside the protective cover 73, filter screen 75 is outer for planting soil layer 51, protective cover 73 middle and upper parts also have cellular aperture 72 to be used for the filtered water foreign material, between the water pipe that protective cover 73 and cover are inserted a cavity is arranged, be used for the precipitation of water and soil and regular cleaning, when draining, infiltrate cover internal cavity precipitation after screen pack 75 filtrations of ponding by protective cover 73 outer fiber shapes in the soil layer, in the ponding overflow is extremely overlapped the gutter 83 that flows into floor drain 7 after the water pipe aperture of inserting 72 refilters, drain.The cover cap 74 of protective cover 73 can regularly be opened earth and the foreign material with the cleaning precipitation, and protective cover 73 and cover cap 74 can also can be divided into two parts by integrator.Floor drain 7 its effects in the described soil layer are the moistening and certain moisture that had not only prevented the unexpected ponding of soil and water saturation phenomenon but also can keep soil.
The planting technique district of described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that being provided with the metal grill (iron double-edged fine-toothed comb) that the solid root of plant is used among 32 kinds of dungarungas are planted the soil layer of taking root, it is fixing that dungarunga 32 can be taken root among metal grill when growth firmly, thereby reach the wind loading rating that strengthens plant at height in the air, reduce the generation of hidden danger, see Fig. 2.Described metal grill is embedded in the scope of destage ground 100-300mm, be close to outside retaining wall 23, the fixed form of its metal grill has two kinds, a kind of is to be fixed on the retaining wall, utilize retaining wall, diagonal brace to be combined into leg-of-mutton braced structures with being connected of metal grill, built-in metal member about in the retaining wall inboard, one side of metal grill is fixed on the built-in fitting of retaining wall bottom, the diagonal brace other end that is connected with metal grill is fixed on the built-in fitting of retaining wall top, thereby satisfies the requirement of fixing metal grid; Another kind of mode is to establish built-in fitting on garden tableland 21, by the direct fixing metal grid of bolt; Described metal grill adopts the ironcasting manufacturing that is difficult for corrosion, and it is multiple that it is shaped as square, rectangle etc., can box out in the middle of the grid, and being convenient to trunk passes through, and also can not box out, and dungarunga 32 is directly taken root.Described metal embedded part can not destroy the waterproof of garden, the function of anti-root puncture, by above-mentioned solid root technology the plant main root is taken root among metal grill, thereby significantly reduce the expansion everywhere of trees main root palpus and disorderly take root the puncture destruction that garden tableland 21 structures are caused, and satisfy the wind resistance requirement of plant, in described solid root technology, because the metal grill that solid root is used is embedded among the soil layer, thereby cannot see its existence on the soil layer surface, make face of land neat and tidy, do not influence the attractive in appearance of vision, make this technology implement easily and popularization yet.
Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that also being suitable for using on the roofdeck; with the tableland 21 of roofdeck as ecological yard; parapet changes retaining wall into all around; tableland 21 is with the retaining wall cast that integrally combines; form garden tableland 21 structures of peviform; its inwall is provided with fish tail and waterproof layer; the irrigating facility that the inboard of retaining wall is provided with the pot type ecological yard of slight irrigation facility and building body facade integrally combines; column 41 and railing 42 are set on the retaining wall; for preventing of the influence of high aerial strong wind to the roof plant; outside the railing 42 of retaining wall, can establish one clear glass enclosing 44 to keep out the wind; described roofdeck belongs to open-air garden environment; can produce ponding and soil water saturated phenomenon because of a large amount of rainfalls; so 51 times need of the garden planting soil layer of roofdeck are provided with filtration beds and drainage blanket to get rid of unnecessary ponding; tableland 21 is provided with some floor drains 7; when producing ponding, can in time get rid of by floor drain 7 and gutter 83; can be local or all become the planting technique district in the garden tableland 21 on roof; the soil thickness at position, roof is to treat respectively according to the diverse location of plate-girder post; beam column position supporting capacity is big; mound is just thicker; its supporting capacity of zone that does not have beam column to support in the middle of the tableland 21 is weak relatively; mound is just thin; the soil thickness of whole roof area is uneven distribution; can plant dungarunga 32 in thicker soil or the position that piles rideau; shrub 33 etc.; the lowered zones that soil layer is thin can be planted draft 35; flowers 34 class plants; the height of overburden layer rises and falls and helps the gathering and the eliminating of rainwater in the cut roof 21; tableland 21 floor drains 7 are along the lowered zones setting of retaining wall inboard; so that in time get rid of rainfall; the pot type ecological yard on described roof is characterized in that the whole planning and designing that are combined into one of the pot type ecological yard with building body facade, forms a complete greening system.
The method to set up of described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that and can comprise that roofdeck is provided with pot type ecological yard at four facades of building building body, see Fig. 6 A, 6B, can be set to top layer from the bottom of building body to the position, roof always, how high the building have, how high pot type ecological yard also can be provided with, the planning and design scheme that structure, house type and the garden view etc. of the plant landscape scheme of whole building, building body, the intelligent irrigation of plant and draining, garden form a whole and afforest makes whole building building become ecological building, a building; Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that being spring layer or staggered floor setting on building body facade; Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that the height in its planting technique district remains on more than the 5000mm, to guarantee plant enough growing heights and growing space is arranged, and makes the daylighting and the well-ventilated of the interior space; Described pot type ecological yard is characterized in that the tableland 21 of adjacent garden in the same leveling course of same facade of building body can interconnect together, can not be connected yet, do not influence simultaneously the setting of balcony and garden up and down, adjacent garden tableland 21 can all connect in the same leveling course of different facades, around one week of whole building body, also can locally connect or not connect, balcony or garden setting before and after also not influencing simultaneously up and down, can establish fence between the interconnective garden to show boundary, become relatively independent private savings house, also can not establish fence each garden is interconnected, also can form outdoor passage where necessary.
Described pot type ecological yard is newly-built or built up the construction method of building body:
The construction method of the pot type ecological yard of newly-built building body: it is characterized in that stretching 500-2000mm to the outer on exterior wall 85 facades of building body leveling course sees Figure 1A, the tableland 21 that produces protrudes in building body facade, one built with the inside and outside retaining wall that is provided with all around in tableland 21, form the groove that sealing surrounds, resemble the container of a peviform, its inwall is provided with fish tail and waterproof layer and is filled with water to adorn soil, inboard retaining wall 22 and the external wall 85 cast one in building, its thickness and exterior wall 85 are with wide, outside retaining wall 23 and garden tableland 21 cast one, thickness reduces by half, and garden tableland 21 integrally combines with the building body structure, and its load hands down by the building body structure and is delivered to ground; Pot type ecological yard on the described building body facade adopts spring layer or staggered floor setting, spatial altitude between the garden remains on more than the 5000mm, be set to the tableland 21 on top layer or roof from the low layer of building body always, afforest at the planting technique district in garden tableland 21 earthing, soil layer embedded set slight irrigation facility, by water source 61, water pump 62, solenoid electric valve 63, flow meter 64, pressure meter 65, water main 66, the infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 of direct-burried etc. constitutes the fixed irrigation system of building vegetation in high level cistern 67 and the leveling course garden soil layer, irrigation pipe network by facade integral body carries out unified intelligent slight irrigation, and combine with the middle sewage disposal device of building body, utilize daily life sewage to give irrigating plant and nutrition, column 41 and railing 42 are set to make the usefulness that safety is gone along with sb. to guard him on the outside retaining wall 23 in tableland 21, the soil thickness in described planting technique district is outer thick interior thin, it is respectively climbing plant 31 → dungarunga 32 → shrub 33 → flowers 34 → draft 35 plants from outside to inside that plant distributes, described garden entrance area is main garden 11, separate water and soil and moisture with the planting technique district with prefabricated retaining wall 24, landscape pond 13 can be established in main garden 11 zones, glass floor or wood flooring that the upper berth is built on stilts, also direct paving floor tile etc., whole building body integrated greening becomes an ecological building.
Built up the pot type ecological yard construction method of building body: it is characterized in that on the outer facade of body leveling course position, building, the channel ecological yard being set, as Fig. 6 A, 6B, in the scope on external wall 85 surfaces, building (500-2000mm), row's bearing column 84 be arranged in parallel, column 41 is at interval between (4000-10000) mm, its load is delivered among the ground by bearing column 84 bases, bearing column 84 is provided with the crossbeam 82 that intersects in length and breadth and is interconnected to constitute skeleton 45 bearing systems with adjacent bearing column 84, described skeleton 45 bearing systems adopt steel work or combining structure to build, the inboard of this skeleton 45 is close to the external wall 85 in building and is punched on the structure of its building body, skeleton 45 is fixed on by the expansion bolt on the metal connecting piece 81 and builds up Lou Tishang, sees Fig. 8; Another kind method is to divest its surperficial topping at skeleton 45 position relative with building body structure leveling course; the main muscle that exposes structure; skeleton 45 is welded on the main muscle of structure fixing by its connector 81; and then carry out the antirust of component surface and the protection; on the building body that these two kinds of methods can both make skeleton 45 be fixed on to have built up and bear its fractional load; skeleton 45 bearing systems can be provided with on any facade of building body, and are set to integral body of top layer formation from the bottom of building body always.The crossbeam 82 that intersects in length and breadth on the bearing column 84 is characterized in that being welded into U-shaped or rectangle channel ecological yard by shape and sheet material, and garden is configured to: deck → corrosion protection layer → waterproofing course → anti-root puncture layer → plantation soil layer 51 → vegetable layer 52.Can adorn soil in the tableland 21 of garden gool 53 is filled with water, the earthing greening, be provided with floor drain 7 and gutter 83 in the gool 53 of garden, the fixed slight irrigation facility of plantation 51 times direct-burrieds of soil layer, by water source 61, water pump 62, solenoid electric valve 63, flow meter 64, pressure meter 65, water main 66, the infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 of direct-burried etc. constitutes the fixed irrigation system of building vegetation in high level cistern 67 and leveling course gool 53 soil layers, irrigation pipe network by facade integral body carries out unified intelligent slight irrigation, gool 53 outsides welding column 41 and railing 42 can make four facade integrated greenings that built up the building body become an ecological building to make the usefulness that safety is gone along with sb. to guard him by skeleton bearing system and channel ecological yard.
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the embodiments:
Embodiment one, is the construction method of newly-built building body:
As Figure 1A; 1B is depicted as sunk type The greenhouse ecological garden; be arranged on exterior wall 85 facades of building body leveling course; stretch out sinking tableland 21 by leveling course to the outer; protruding in exterior wall 85 encorbelments; retaining wall is poured into a mould mutually to seal and is enclosed one inside and outside establishing around the tableland 21; resemble the basin of a groove type; inboard retaining wall 22 overlaps one with the external wall 85 in building; outside retaining wall 23 faces sky; set up post 41 and railing 42 to make the usefulness that safety is gone along with sb. to guard him on it; garden tableland 21 relative leveling courses sink; form certain discrepancy in elevation; make the inboard plantation of garden soil layer 51 be lower than the position of indoor horizontal layer, garden tableland 21 and being configured to of retaining wall all around: deck → leveling layer → waterproofing course → alloy is prevented root puncture layer (pss) → topping → plantation soil layer 51 → vegetable layer 52.In the heating area, waterproofing course is divided into insulation layer under the situation that garden need be incubated, heating pad pipe 89 lines of embedding garden in the deck; Then do not establish insulation layer and heating pipe network in the non-heating region.Garden is divided into main garden 11 and flank garden 12, main garden 11 entrance areas are interior garden 111, embed body inside, building, ground paving floor tile, on put tables and chairs and have a rest for the personnel activity, the outside is outer garden 112, join with interior garden 111 fronts, it is the planting technique district, wherein a side is arranged to landscape pond and is used to view and admire or aquaculture, pour water in the pond and breed fish and put gardening essays such as mountain stone etc., three facades of landscape pond are surrounded by the inside and outside retaining wall of garden, and the 4th facade is that prefabricated retaining wall enclosing becomes airtight pond, it also is the part of main garden 11, what be connected with main garden 11 sides is flank garden 12, also is the planting technique district, and the outer garden 112 of main garden 11 constitutes the planting technique district of plants jointly with flank garden 12 and fuses mutually.The unit live load of greening growing area is 400kg/m in the described garden 2The plantation floor in described planting technique district is arranged on the anti-root puncture floor in tableland 21 and above the topping, overburden layer is outer thick interior thin, outside soil thickness is 400-450mm, local mound thickness 450-1000mm, middle part soil thickness 250-350mm, inboard soil thickness 200-300mm, the about 300-350mm of soil layer average thickness; It is respectively climbing plant 31 → dungarunga 32 → shrub 33 → flowers 34 → draft 35 plants from outside to inside that plant distributes; The room is made up of flat bed and spring layer, and the spatial altitude of courtyard greening growing area keeps more than the 5000mm, and two layer heights that jump satisfy the growth requirement of dungarunga 32; Dungarunga 32 is chosen in the beam column ecological region planting that links to each other with building phosphor bodies structure, the 100-300mm place is provided with metal grill and fixedlys connected with built-in fitting on destage ground 21, it is fixing that dungarunga 32 main roots can be penetrated among the metal grill, mound is the rideau shape on it, soil thickness is 700mm, the height that exceeds former outside retaining wall 23, therefore, former outside retaining wall 23 and go along with sb. to guard him facility and need increase to ensure the safety of garden; Climbing plant 31 is close to outside retaining wall 23 and takes root, and branches and leaves climb up by holding on to that to face empty growth on column 41 and railing 42 sagging and form green Li or flower Li.In climbing plant 31 inboards is shrub 33 or economic class crop, about the about 1000mm of growing height, take root among the soil layer of 350-450mm, inboard flowers 34 or edible vegetable for viewing and admiring, the about 300-1000mm of growing height, soil thickness are 250-350mm, and outer inward again wall 85 1 sides are draft 35 or lichens plant, growing height is 100-300mm, and soil thickness is 100-300mm.For stopping high aerial high wind, establish glass enclosing 44 one at 150mm place, the outside of railing 42, see Fig. 2, be installed on railing 42 or the column 41 and connect with bolt.
Be provided with fixed slight irrigation facility in the described pot type ecological yard and provide moisture and nutrient to plant, see Fig. 5, water source 61 is from the daily life sewage that meets the requirement of plant irrigation water after treatment, there is special pond to store, by water pump 62, water main 66, flow meter 64, solenoid electric valve 63, the solenoid electric valve 63 of pressure meter 65 and each leveling course, flow meter 64, high level cistern 67 grades are connected and form the feedwater network of an intelligent control, the grouping-hierarchy in turn of accurate quantification supplies water for high level cistern 67, irrigation water is by imbedding the main 681 in the soil, arm 682, hollow billet 683 is delivered directly to the plant roots infiltrating irrigation, an or low pressure infiltrating irrigation of direct-burried pipe 86, establish aperture on the pipeline, the infiltration head is installed in the hole, terminal pipeline bassets or is used for exhaust with cistern water level with height, carries out the slight irrigation of plant root by the water pressure that water tank produces.Establish floor drain 7 in described main garden 11 and the flank garden 12 and be connected with gutter 83, ponding can be drained through gutter 83 by floor drain 7.In the heating area, the column 41 of the outside retaining wall 23 of described pot type ecological yard and railing 42 are outer to establishing the cloche 46 (curtain wall) that seals together between the garden of upper strata to make the greenhouse garden, single-glass is installed in skeleton 45 frames of cloche 46, skeleton 45 adopts aluminum alloy materials, skeleton 45 is provided with apart from the retaining wall 200mm place, the outside of levels garden is vertical, skeleton 45 upper ends are fixed on upper strata garden retaining wall bottom connector 81 outer or column 41 and use bolt, skeleton 45 lower ends are fixed on outside the garden retaining wall or bolt is used by connector 81 in column 41 bottoms, and the regional area on railing 42 tops is established folding window and breathed freely with view or room ventilation usefulness.Bury heating pad pipe 89 underground in 21 decks of described garden tableland, heat to garden by indoor heating pad pipe 89 lines; Divide into insulation layer to reduce distributing of soil temperature at the waterproofing course in garden tableland 21, make greenhouse garden vegetation safe overwintering.These external main garden 11 entrance areas also can be provided with landscape pond 13, see Fig. 3, in main garden 11, outer garden 111,112 are integrated, all ward off zone of action from the garden entrance area of inboard retaining wall 22 up to the position of outside retaining wall 23 into personnel, and separate with prefabricated retaining wall 24 between the flank garden 12, in, outer garden 111,112 enclose the pond 13 of a sealing, raise edible or various fish aquatic products of viewing and admiring and aquatic animals and plants etc. in the pond, establishing three-legged support in the pond 13 supports, lay transparent glass floor or part wood flooring on the support, both stress-relieving activities in the above, be convenient to view and admire water scenery again, there is the water that in time changes that floor drain 7 and gutter 83 are convenient to pond 13 to clean in the pond 13, establish prefabricated retaining wall 24 between main garden 11 and the flank garden 12, flank garden 12 still belongs to the planting technique district, but the earthing greening, also can be with landscape pond 13 along reaching among the flank garden 12, to view and admire or the usefulness of aquaculture.
Below the integrated greening scheme of newly-built building body is further described:
Described building body is the double tower building of Building two 26 floor, and every building high building plane figure is a spring layer formula house type, two terraced five families, two families, back, three family, front, each household are three Rooms two, three residences and defend a kitchen, add balcony and garden, indoor traffic up and down solves by stair, and the house type area is on average at 130m 2About, the about 4m of balcony area 2, the about 20m of garden area 2, be the unit with spring layer formula house type, flat bed is established garden, and spring layer is established balcony, and the flank of flat bed garden and adjacent garden interconnect one, and demarcate with fence, form the form of a family First Academy.Planting technique district in the garden is a spring layer formula floor height, the garden area is 5 times of upper strata balcony, volume is about 10 times, outdoor section over against the hall 87 is main garden 11, and establish sliding door 88 between the indoor hall 87, personnel are from the indoor hardstand that enters interior garden 111 by sliding door 88, there are tables and chairs can supply rest and entertainment on it, the outside is the outer garden 112 of main garden 11, be the planting technique district, be connected, the outdoor flank garden 12 that is in other room with the planting technique district of flank garden 12, be the planting technique district, join together with outer garden 112 greenings of main garden 11.Garden stretches out the external wall 85 in building and encorbelments about 1300mm, length is more than or equal to the face width of whole house type, with upper strata garden height be 5600mm, the area in planting technique district is greater than occupied zone, in the courtyard greening growing area planting soil is arranged, various plants are arranged on it, its distribution characteristics is to be the green Li that climbing plant 31 is formed on outermost column 41 and the railing 42, the inboard is 33 clumps of the dungarunga 32 of local plantation and the low brushwoods through pruning arrangement, again toward interior be flowers 34 and draft 35 plants, greenery patches and gardening essay etc.; In flank garden 12, establish a high level cistern 67, be connected with the low pressure infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 of direct-burried under 33 clumps of soil layers of shrub, by manage aperture regularly quantitative to plant water supply rotation flow.
Described pot type ecological yard is the unit with spring layer formula house type, interconnect combined integrated at leveling course and adjacent garden, connect length and whole building body facade with wide, garden is arranged on former and later two facades, left and right sides facade is not provided with, therefore, though before and after garden be in the same leveling course, do not interconnect one, described pot type ecological yard is a unit with the spring layer on the same facade of building body, begin upwards to be set to top layer from ground floor always, building body facade has 13 floor to be provided with ecological yard altogether, and ecological fault-layer-phenomenon does not appear in the centre, and how high form the building has, ecological yard also is provided with how high integrated greening scheme, and fuses with roof greening.High level cistern 67 that is provided with in the described garden and direct-burried low pressure infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 are also along with the garden spring layer of building body leveling course upwards lays, until roof, do not occur lacking irritating and leaking and irritate phenomenon, surface pond 61 is connected with each floor height position water tank 67 usefulness pipeline on the building body leveling course, give the high level cistern in each layer garden 67 grouping ration water supply and nutrients by water pump 62,61 water pipes that are transported to high level cistern 67 entry positions of each leveling course are the metal crimp solenoid from the water source, and the end water pipe that exports to infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 from the high level cistern 67 of each layer is the plastic pipe or the rubber tube of low pressure.
In addition, in this programme, the ecological yard of building body only is provided with former and later two facades, and all less than being provided with, inside is the big-room and luxury housing project of levels combination to left and right sides facade, and area is at 130m 2About, thereby satisfy the requirement of a family First Academy, if but we also are provided with garden at left and right sides facade, and be provided with front and back garden staggered floor, the big-room and luxury housing project that is provided with in left and right sides spring layer formula also just can split into independently two small apartments of levels so, and area is at 60-70m 2Between, have separately different facades and towards independent garden, can up be set to top layer from the bottom spring layer formula of building body too with the garden of front and back facade staggered floor setting, thereby make four beneficial effects that facade is afforested fully of building body.
Fig. 6 A, 6B, 8 are that the greening scheme of having built up building body facade is further described:
As shown in the figure, on exterior wall 85 facades that build up the building body, establish row's bearing column 84 apart from wall 800mm, the column spacing equates with the standard width of a room in an old-style house of building body house type, bearing column 84 lower ends are given ground by the basis with Load Transfer, bearing column 84 is provided with the crossbeam 82 that intersects in length and breadth and is interconnected to constitute the skeleton bearing system that can bear a heavy burden with adjacent bearing column 84 in the leveling course position of building up the building body, described skeleton bearing system adopts steel work or combining structure, up be provided with along leveling course position flat bed or spring layer by building body bottom exterior wall 85 facades, until till the top layer.This skeleton bearing system is connected one in the leveling course position of building body by the expansion bolt on the metal connecting piece 81 (with the angle steel of crossbeam 82 welding one or iron plate etc.) with agent structure; the skeleton bearing system is connected closely with the building body that has built up; and bear the load of part garden by agent structure; heavy burden skeleton 45 in bearing column 84 and crossbeam 82 formations; be provided with metal shaped steel and sheet material welding processing and be made into U-shaped or rectangle channel garden; gool itself constituted garden tableland 21 and in; outside retaining wall 22; 23; garden width 1200mm; wherein; the nonslip safety walk (bottom is established the welding of triangle steel plate and supported the aisle load) of wide 500mm is established in the inboard; the aisle is lower than indoor terrace 0-300mm and is leaning on crimping on the wall side direction; in gool 53, put simultaneously slope 3% to eliminate aisle ponding; the outside establish the flange of wide 100mm and upwards the crimping of 50mm in case following of water and soil; weld metal column 41 and railing 42 are to make the usefulness that safety is gone along with sb. to guard him on the iron plate of flange; gool 53 wide 600mm; high 500mm; length equates with the face width of building body facade; the steel plate shutoff of gool 53 terminations, garden is configured to: deck (shape and sheet material welding) → corrosion protection layer → waterproofing course → anti-root puncture layer → plantation soil layer 51 → vegetable layer 52.This skeleton 45 and channel garden can be installed at the processing and manufacturing scene in factory, also can process welding production at the construction field (site) finishes, be provided with infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 in the tableland 21 of garden gool 53, floor drain 7 and gutter 83, can adorn soil is filled with water, also can plant tree and go up the people, the fixed slight irrigation facility of plantation 51 times direct-burrieds of soil layer, by water source 61, water pump 62, solenoid electric valve 63, flow meter 64, pressure meter 65, water main 66, the infiltrating irrigation pipe 86 of direct-burried etc. constitutes the fixed irrigation system of building vegetation in high level cistern 67 and leveling course gool 53 soil layers, the courtyard greening of opposite is unified whole intelligent slight irrigation, between the hall 87 positions and outside garden of building body, the door that setting can pass in and out, a part of area but this regional garden evagination is encorbelmented, make main garden 11 enlarged areas, earthing greening in the gool 53 of described garden, can make external wall 85 facades in building that built up be covered by plant fully up to top layer, ecological fault-layer-phenomenon not occur from bottom.This greening scheme can be used on the greening that makes building integral body on other three facades of having built the building body equally.
Be to be understood that, the above illustrative and nonrestrictive just for the purpose of the present invention of explanation in conjunction with the embodiments, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make many changes and modification to the present invention, it all will drop in the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (20)

1. a pot type ecological yard is characterized in that, comprising:
Main garden, the hall front in described main garden and body room, building joins, and is the personnel zone of action, is divided into inside and outside garden two parts, and interior garden is directly to step into outdoor place by indoor door; Described outer garden and interior garden front join, and are the planting technique district, earthing greening or establish the pond water scenery on it, described in garden be to embed building body interior zone and be combined into one with it or to have built up the interior garden of building body concordant with exterior wall, described outer garden is an evagination;
The flank garden, described flank garden is the planting technique district, earthing greening or establish the pond water scenery on it, and fuse with main garden side; The outer garden of described flank garden and main garden constitutes a planting technique district that joins together mutually together;
The main garden of wherein said pot type ecological yard and flank garden adopt concrete or steel work manufacturing, include tableland and medial and lateral retaining wall; Inboard retaining wall overlaps one or is close to the parallel connection of exterior wall with the external wall in building, described outside retaining wall is that sky is faced in the outside in garden tableland, be connected with inboard retaining wall that to enclose a sealing whole, or inside and outside retaining wall is equally also enclosed a sealing integral body separately around one week of tableland of building body leveling course.
2. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the spatial altitude between described pot type ecological yard planting technique district and the upper strata garden surpasses 5000mm, is spring layer formula or splitlevel setting.
3. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the inside and outside garden integrator of described main garden, and the ground same treatment of described outer garden and interior garden also is connected one, and the flank garden constitutes the planting technique district separately.
4. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described pot type ecological yard connects the garden of four facades is all or part of in same leveling course; The flat shape of described pot type ecological yard is triangle, quadrangle, polygon or other shape; Described Neiting barnyard face is laid hardstand, semihard ground, wood flooring, glass floor or raised flooring.
5. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described planting technique district or whole ecological garden and indoor terrace are in same leveling course position, or integral body or local subsidence 10-600mm.
6. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the height of described inboard retaining wall is 300-1000mm, and the height of outside retaining wall is 500-1000mm; Install in the described garden and be used for that region separation surrounds and the prefabricated retaining wall of water and soil moisture, the height of described prefabricated retaining wall is 300-600mm.
7. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the described retaining wall or the retaining wall exterior lateral area metal upright post, railing, metal grill or glass enclosing are installed, one of described glass enclosing setting or two roads, by column or metallic framework fixed support, wherein at least one glass enclosing is fixed.
8. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: plantation soil layer and vegetable layer are arranged on the described tableland, and the vegetation of described vegetable layer distributes and is followed successively by climbing plant, dungarunga, shrub, flowers and draft by outside retaining wall to inboard retaining wall; Described retaining wall height is greater than the planting soil layer thickness, and described plantation the thickness of the layer is reduced successively by outside retaining wall to inboard retaining wall.
9. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: be provided with in the planting technique zone dungarunga is firmly taken root in metal grill wherein, described metal grill is embedded in the scope of destage ground 100-300mm, directly is fixed on the retaining wall or by being bolted on the tableland.
10. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tableland and medial and lateral retaining wall are disposed with deck and fish tail and waterproof layer, also be provided with leveling layer or corrosion protection layer, wherein said fish tail and waterproof layer is made up of waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer and topping, is arranged on the inwall of described tableland and medial and lateral retaining wall; When adopting concrete structure to make, its structure is followed successively by deck, leveling layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer; When adopting steel work to make, its structure is followed successively by deck, corrosion protection layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer.
11. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described planting technique district is provided with gool on the tableland, contain the soil greening in it, it is by establishing one retaining wall again in the tableland, with tableland cast one, being clipped between the inside and outside retaining wall, produce two parallel gools, or adopt the composite material of high-strength light or engineering plastics to be processed into rectangle or U-shaped gool and be arranged in rows, or adopt benzvalene form or box gool and be arranged in rows plantation greening in gool.
12. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be provided with fixed intelligent irrigation system, comprise the water source, water pump, solenoid electric valve, flow meter, pressure meter, water main and high level cistern, water enters high level cistern through above-mentioned member successively from the water source and carries out the grouping-hierarchy rotation flow, high level cistern is installed in the flank garden, with be arranged on retaining wall in soil layer in the low pressure feed water main of direct-burried be connected, be disposed with arm and hollow billet on the described main, water carries out infiltrating irrigation by hollow billet to vegetation, or offer porosely on the described main, the infiltration head is installed on the hole or directly vegetation is carried out infiltrating irrigation by the hole.
13. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be provided with the floor drain facility, described floor drain facility is the water pipe that cover is inserted one section bell mouth shape on the mouth of pipe of former building body floor drain, the middle and upper part of pipe is provided with the honeycomb aperture that filters water and soil, the water pipe that cover is inserted has the protective cover and the cover cap of metal shell outward, protective cover has fibrous screen pack to surround outward, filter screen is the plantation soil layer outward, the protective cover middle and upper part also is useful on the cellular aperture of foreign material in the filtered water, is useful on the cavity of water and soil precipitation and periodic cleaning between the water pipe that protective cover and cover are inserted.
14. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the unit live load in described planting technique district is 300kg/m 2-600kg/m 2
15. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described ecological yard all adopts steel concrete to pour into a mould with major structure of construction, inboard retaining wall is provided with the position and overlaps with the external wall in building, thickness is with it with wide, and the thickness of external wall cob wall can be identical with inboard retaining wall or reduces by half; When described pot type ecological yard adopted metal material processing to be made, its inboard retaining wall was parallel to the external wall elevation of building body and is close to exterior wall fixedly connected.
16. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pot type ecological yard is established the closed glass cover on garden top, thereby constitute the The greenhouse ecological garden, described cloche is made with metallic framework, described metallic framework is installed in the scope of outside retaining wall 0-500mm, the coated glass of clear glass being installed or being had property in the skeleton frame, and window in integral body or part, described skeleton bottom is fastened on garden outside retaining wall or column by connector and bolt, on the railing, the connector and the bolt of skeleton top and its upper strata garden outside retaining wall or column lower end are connected and fixed, or are connected and fixed with expansion bolt on external wall elevation; Described The greenhouse ecological garden can form whole curtain wall at building body facade when same facade and adjacent The greenhouse ecological garden fuse.
17. pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: when adopting steel work to build; the external wall elevation 500-2000mm that upwards is close to the building body from bottom establishes bearing column and crossbeam is combined into skeleton bearing system; by shape and sheet material be welded rectangle or U-shaped channel garden; described gool itself has constituted the tableland and the interior outside retaining wall of garden; the rust topping of setting up defences in the groove; waterproofing course; anti-root puncture layer; column that arranged outside safety is gone along with sb. to guard him and railing; its inboard of described skeleton bearing system is connected one closely with the building body that has built up; earthing greening in the described gool; direct-burried infiltrating irrigation pipe in the gool soil layer is given the plant intelligent slight irrigation by fixed irrigation system.
18. the construction method of a pot type ecological yard comprises garden construction, courtyard greening and garden irrigation, it is characterized in that:
Garden is built, the employing concrete structure is built, with building phosphor bodies structure cast one, the bottom spring layer formula of external wall facade or splitlevel up are set to top layer or roof from the building, on the external wall elevation of building body leveling course, stretch 500-2000mm to the outer, the tableland that produces protrudes in building body facade, and in around garden, being provided with, outer retaining wall, the tableland with in, outer retaining wall is built one, form the groove that sealing surrounds, the container of forming peviform, described tableland and in, outside retaining wall is disposed with deck, leveling layer and fish tail and waterproof layer, wherein said fish tail and waterproof layer is by waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer and topping are formed, be arranged on described tableland and in, the inwall of outside retaining wall; Its structure is followed successively by deck, leveling layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer; Fish tail and waterproof layer dress soil is filled with water, the external wall cast in inboard retaining wall and building one, and its thickness and exterior wall are with wide, and one is poured into a mould in outside retaining wall and garden tableland, and thickness is identical with inboard retaining wall or reduce by half, and garden tableland and building body structure integrally combine;
Courtyard greening, be at planting technique district earthing, the distribution of soil layer is outer thick interior thin, the distribution of plant is followed successively by climbing plant, dungarunga, shrub, flowers and draft from outside to inside, up be set to top layer or roof from the bottom spring layer formula of building body, the body greening of whole building fuses, or adopts the mode of gool greening;
Garden is irrigated, and by fixed intelligent irrigation system, building body garden vegetation is carried out the intelligent slight irrigation of whole grouping-hierarchy; Described fixed intelligent irrigation system comprises water source, water pump, solenoid electric valve, flow meter, pressure meter, water main and high level cistern, water enters high level cistern through above-mentioned member successively from the water source and carries out the grouping-hierarchy rotation flow, high level cistern is installed in the flank garden, with be arranged on retaining wall in soil layer in the low pressure feed water main of direct-burried be connected, be disposed with arm and hollow billet on the described main, water carries out infiltrating irrigation by hollow billet to vegetation, or offer porosely on the described main, the infiltration head is installed on the hole or directly vegetation is carried out infiltrating irrigation by the hole.
19. the construction method of pot type ecological yard as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that: described gool greening mode is that gool is set on the tableland, contain the soil greening in it, it is by establishing one retaining wall again in the tableland, with tableland cast one, being clipped between the inside and outside retaining wall, produce two parallel gools, or adopt the composite material of high-strength light or engineering plastics to be processed into rectangle or U-shaped gool and be arranged in rows, or adopt benzvalene form or box gool and be arranged in rows plantation greening in gool.
20. the construction method of a pot type ecological yard comprises garden construction, courtyard greening and garden irrigation, it is characterized in that:
Garden is built, adopt steel work or combining structure, be connected one with crossbeam by bearing column and constitute skeleton bearing system, be connected one closely with the building body that has built up, by shape and sheet material be welded rectangle or U-shaped channel garden, described gool itself has constituted the tableland and the interior outside retaining wall of garden, described tableland and in, outside retaining wall is disposed with deck, corrosion protection layer and fish tail and waterproof layer, wherein said fish tail and waterproof layer is by waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer and topping are formed, be arranged on described tableland and in, the inwall of outside retaining wall; Its structure is followed successively by deck, corrosion protection layer, waterproofing course, anti-root puncture layer, topping, plantation soil layer and vegetable layer; Be on the outer facade of body leveling course position, building, the channel ecological yard to be set, in the scope of building external wall surface 500-2000mm, row's bearing column be arranged in parallel, column is at interval between the 4000-10000mm, bearing column is provided with the crossbeam and the adjacent bearing column that intersect in length and breadth and is interconnected to constitute a skeleton bearing system, described skeleton bearing system adopts steel work or combining structure to build, the inboard of this skeleton is close to the external wall in building and is punched on the structure of its building body, and skeleton is fixed on by the expansion bolt on the metal connecting piece and builds up Lou Tishang; Or divest its surperficial topping at the skeleton position relative with building body structure leveling course, and expose the main muscle of structure, skeleton is welded on the main muscle of structure fixingly by its connector, and then carry out the antirust of component surface and protection; Dress soil is filled with water in the tableland of garden gool, the earthing greening;
Courtyard greening is earthing greening in rectangle or U-shaped gool, is embedded with the infiltrating irrigation pipe in the soil layer, up is set to top layer or roof from the bottom spring layer formula of building body, and body greening in whole building fuses;
Garden is irrigated, and by fixed intelligent irrigation system, building body garden gool interplantation is carried out the intelligent slight irrigation of whole grouping-hierarchy; Described fixed intelligent irrigation system comprises water source, water pump, solenoid electric valve, flow meter, pressure meter, water main and high level cistern, water enters high level cistern through above-mentioned member successively from the water source and carries out the grouping-hierarchy rotation flow, high level cistern is installed in the flank garden, with be arranged on retaining wall in soil layer in the low pressure feed water main of direct-burried be connected, be disposed with arm and hollow billet on the described main, water carries out infiltrating irrigation by hollow billet to vegetation, or offer porosely on the described main, the infiltration head is installed on the hole or directly vegetation is carried out infiltrating irrigation by the hole.
CNA200610078898XA 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Pot type ecological yard and construction method thereof Pending CN1844611A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102011495A (en) * 2010-09-30 2011-04-13 胡德明 Anti-leakage balcony and hollow ecological garden of balcony type
CN101906814B (en) * 2010-02-05 2012-05-23 余戈平 Building balcony
CN101503912B (en) * 2009-02-16 2013-03-13 张俊岭 Flat topping house with air circulation function
WO2013044629A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Bao Lijun Arcadian residence
CN103842598A (en) * 2011-06-27 2014-06-04 室井纮 Architectural structure
CN104652598B (en) * 2012-07-11 2017-02-01 北京星河园林景观工程有限公司 ecological building and working method thereof
CN108401726A (en) * 2018-05-11 2018-08-17 上海现代建筑装饰环境设计研究院有限公司 A kind of facilities for the elders greening module and green space method for arranging
CN109853996A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-06-07 衡阳市金铭环境科技有限公司 Aerial superposing type garden villa and housing-group
CN110150018A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-08-23 中信国安建工集团有限公司 A kind of landscape ecology in cities unit
CN110284585A (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-27 白克雯 A kind of water storage pond type balcony construct
EP3444415A4 (en) * 2016-04-13 2019-12-18 Xinjiang Tiandi Group High-rise villa with forest in city
CN111109185A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-05-08 商丘师范学院 High-rise building balcony assembled intelligent ecosystem

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101503912B (en) * 2009-02-16 2013-03-13 张俊岭 Flat topping house with air circulation function
CN101906814B (en) * 2010-02-05 2012-05-23 余戈平 Building balcony
CN102011495A (en) * 2010-09-30 2011-04-13 胡德明 Anti-leakage balcony and hollow ecological garden of balcony type
CN102011495B (en) * 2010-09-30 2013-02-06 胡德明 Anti-leakage balcony and hollow ecological garden of balcony type
CN103842598A (en) * 2011-06-27 2014-06-04 室井纮 Architectural structure
WO2013044629A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Bao Lijun Arcadian residence
CN103031962A (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-10 包立军 Pastoral type house
CN103031962B (en) * 2011-09-30 2015-12-02 包立军 A kind of Arcadian house
CN104652598B (en) * 2012-07-11 2017-02-01 北京星河园林景观工程有限公司 ecological building and working method thereof
EP3444415A4 (en) * 2016-04-13 2019-12-18 Xinjiang Tiandi Group High-rise villa with forest in city
CN110284585A (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-27 白克雯 A kind of water storage pond type balcony construct
CN108401726A (en) * 2018-05-11 2018-08-17 上海现代建筑装饰环境设计研究院有限公司 A kind of facilities for the elders greening module and green space method for arranging
CN109853996A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-06-07 衡阳市金铭环境科技有限公司 Aerial superposing type garden villa and housing-group
CN110150018A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-08-23 中信国安建工集团有限公司 A kind of landscape ecology in cities unit
CN110150018B (en) * 2019-07-01 2024-01-30 中信国安建工集团有限公司 Urban landscape ecological unit
CN111109185A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-05-08 商丘师范学院 High-rise building balcony assembled intelligent ecosystem

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