CN1781555A - 高粘度液体受控输送体系 - Google Patents
高粘度液体受控输送体系 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1781555A CN1781555A CNA2005101040204A CN200510104020A CN1781555A CN 1781555 A CN1781555 A CN 1781555A CN A2005101040204 A CNA2005101040204 A CN A2005101040204A CN 200510104020 A CN200510104020 A CN 200510104020A CN 1781555 A CN1781555 A CN 1781555A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于物质受控释放的组合物,包括:(i)非聚合的、不溶于水的液体载体材料(HVLCM),该载体材料在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘米泊,在周围条件或生理条件下完全不结晶;和(ii)被输送的物质。
Description
本申请是PCT申请号为PCT/US96/10055(其进入国家阶段的申请号为96195895.2)、申请日为1996年6月7日、发明名称为“高粘度液体受控输送体系”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及可用于输送物质和其他应用领域的高粘度液体组合物包括用于组织保护层和防止粘连,。
发明背景
人们在生物活性化合物的可生物降解受控释放体系领域进行了广泛的研究。可生物降解基体对药物的输送很有用,因为它们可使得不必除去用药后的器件。
最普通的输送药物的基体材料是聚合物。自从Kikarmi等人在1966年报导了聚乳酸的合成及生物降解能力[“聚乳酸用于外科植入手术”,外科丛刊(“Polylactic acid for surgical implants”,Arch.Surg.),93:839]以来,可生物降解聚合物领域迅速发展。报导可用作输送器件的基体材料的其他聚合物实例包括聚酐类、聚酯类,例如聚乙交酯和聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯、聚氨基酸类,例如多熔素、聚环氧乙烷的聚合物和共聚物、丙烯酸封端的聚环氧乙烷、聚酰胺类、聚氨酯类、聚原酸酯类、聚丙烯腈类和聚膦嗪类。参阅例如美国专利Nos.4,891,225和4,906,474[兰格(Langer)](聚酐类)、4,767,628[亨钦森(Hutchinson)](聚丙交酯,聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯酸)和4,530,840[泰斯(Tice)等](聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯及共聚物)。
源于生物的可降解材料是众所周知的,例如交联明胶。透明质酸经交联已用作生物医学领域的可降解溶胀聚合物[美国专利4,957,744,迪拉瓦勒(Della Valle)等;1991][“聚合生物材料表面改性用于减少血栓形成”,聚合材料科学工程(“Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials for reducedthrombogenicity”,Polym.Mater.Sci.Eng.),62:731-735]。
可生物降解的水凝胶也被开发作为诸如激素、酶、抗生素、抗肿瘤制剂和细胞悬浮液之类生物活性物质的载体,用于药物的受控输送。被载带物质的功能特性的暂存以及这些物质向局部组织或系统循环的受控释放业已实现。参阅例如美国专利No.5,149,543[科恩(Cohen)]。适当选择水凝胶大链节可制备渗透性、孔径和降解度适合于外科手术、医学诊断和治疗等各种应用领域的薄膜。
许多分散体系正普遍用作、或探索用作一些物质的载体,特别是生物活性化合物的载体。用于医药和化妆品制剂的分散体系可分为悬浮液或乳液。悬浮液的定义是用悬浮剂分散在液体介质中的粒度为几纳米-几百微米的固体微粒。固体微粒包括微球、微囊和超微球。乳液的定义是由乳化剂例如表面活性剂和类脂化合物的界面薄膜固定的一种液体在另一种液体中的分散体。乳液制剂包括油包水乳液和水包油乳液、复合乳液、微乳液、微滴液和脂质体。如海恩斯(Haynes)发表的美国专利Nos.4,622,219和4,725,442所述,微滴是单层磷脂泡囊,它由球形类脂层和其中的油相组成。脂质体是由不溶于水的极性类脂化合物与水溶液混合配制的磷脂泡囊。由不溶性类脂化合物在水中混合所产生的不适宜的熵引起包裹有水溶液的集中而紧密的磷脂薄膜高度有序地组合。
邓恩(Dunn)等人发表的美国专利No.4,938,763公开了原位形成植入物的方法,包括将不活泼的不溶于水的热塑性聚合物溶解在生物适合的水溶性溶剂中,形成液体,将该液体注入体内,使溶剂散逸,从而形成固体植入物。可通过注射将聚合物溶液注入体内。植入物可呈现其周围腔体的形状。在另一个实施方案中,植入物由不含溶剂的活性液体齐聚物形成,它通常添加有固化催化剂,在原位固化形成固体。
虽然已评述了许多可用于物质受控输送的材料,但仍然需要提供用于物质受控输送的更为简单的低毒体系。例如,上述输送体系需要制备聚合物和加载聚合物基体、或水凝胶、或其他的配合物或易碎组合物。特别需要提供易于与被输送的物质构成配方,并易于施用的液基输送体系。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供输送物质的简单体系。
本发明的另一个目的是提供易于与被输送的物质构成配方,并易于施用的液基输送体系。
本发明的再一个目的是提供简单液基体系中物质的受控输送方法。
发明概述
本发明提供一种用于物质受控释放的组合物,包括:(i)非聚合的、不溶于水的高粘度液体载体材料(HVLCM),该载体材料在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘泊,在周围条件或生理条件下完全不结晶;和(ii)被输送的物质。
特别地,本发明提供一种用于生物活性物质受控释放的组合物,包括:
(a)非聚合的、不溶于水的液体载体材料,该载体材料在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘泊,在环境条件或生理条件下完全不结晶;和
(b)生物活性物质。
本发明还提供一种用于生物活性物质受控释放的乳液,包括:
(a)非聚合的、不溶于水的液体载体材料,该载体材料在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘泊,在环境条件或生理条件下完全不结晶;和
(b)包含在水基载体中的生物活性物质。
在一个实施方案中,HVLCM与低粘度的溶于水或可与水溶合的溶剂,例如乙醇、二甲亚砜、乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、甘油三乙酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙二酯、氢糠基聚乙二醇醚(glycofurol)、氟利昂,例如三氯氟甲烷和二氯氟甲烷、二甲醚、丙烷、丁烷、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、碳酸二乙酯、丁二醇、N-(β羟甲基)乳酰胺、diokolanes、以及其他酰胺、酯、醚、醇等混合,形成低粘度的液体载体材料(LVLCM),在施用之前,该液体载体材料与被输送的物质混合。在一个优选实施方案中,LVLCM的粘度小于1000厘泊。在施用时,将上述组合物置于体内或敷于体表,溶剂从LVLCM中散逸或扩散出来,在原位形成可随时间延续释放被输送物质的高粘度植入物或组合物。通过适当选择溶剂和HVLCM,可使施用前和施用后组合物的粘度大不相同。在一个优选实施方案中,HVLCM可生物降解。
在一个实施方案中,与HVLCM混合的物质是可用于人体诊治、兽类诊治、或可用于农业的生物活性物质。例如在农业领域,可将含有适当活性剂的组合物撒在地里,以控制杂草(例如敌草快)、昆虫(例如甲基对硫磷)或害虫。例如在兽类诊治方面,组合物可用来输送作为家畜助长剂的混合类固醇,或用来输送疫苗(例如用于猪的脱母体预防的小脱氧核糖核酸病毒疫苗)。在人体诊治方面,组合物可用来输送各种生物活性物质(下文将更详述),或可含活性剂或不含活性剂使用,用于阻止外科手术粘连,或用于搭架、空隙填充,或定向组织的更新产物,例如牙周组织薄膜。在另一个实施例中,可将组合物注入肿瘤的供应动脉中,在其中形成高粘度植入物,阻止肿瘤的血液供应。在又一个实施例中,组合物可用作组织粘合剂,可用缝合线或不用缝合线。在再一个实施例中,组合物可用作伤口的不完全封闭保护层。
可将组合物的体内植入物置于体内任何部位,包括软组织,例如肌肉或脂肪;硬组织,例如骨骼;腔体,包括,但不限于,牙周腔、口腔、阴道腔、直肠腔或鼻腔;或包囊,例如牙周包囊或眼盲管包囊。
如上所述,组合物任选含有可改进其特性的添加剂。适宜添加剂的非限制性实例包括可生物降解聚合物、不可生物降解聚合物、天然或合成的油类、碳水化合物或碳水化合物的衍生物、无机盐、BSA(牛血清清蛋白)、表面活性剂、以及有机化合物,例如糖类和有机盐类,例如柠檬酸钠。一般而言,与无添加剂的相同组合物对比,添加剂越不溶于水,即越亲脂,基质的释放速度就越慢。在一个实施方案中,要求采用可提高组合物的特性,例如强度或孔隙度的添加剂。在另一个实施方案中,采用HVLCM或LVLCM与添加剂混合,而不含被输送的基质。
在又一个实施方案中,HVLCM/基质组合物包含在第二种载体材料中,以便储存、处理、输送、或改进该组合物的一种或一种以上的特性。第二种载体材料的非限制性实例为HVLCM所不溶的液体(形成乳液)、固体、凝胶制剂、以及可经皮肤输送的体系。基质在HVLCM中的溶解度应当较高,而在第二种载体材料中的溶解度应当较低。
例如,可配制HVC114/基质在水中的乳液。本发明的一种实用乳液是漱口剂,其中的基质是治疗口臭、口部感染或其他口部病症的活性剂。
在再一个实施方案中,HVLCM用作局部施用基质的载体。例如,HVLCM可有助于生物活性剂的溶解性及其经皮肤输送。在另又一个实施例中,HVLCM可用作含有DEET的驱虫剂的载体。在再又一个实施方案中,HVLCM用于向头发或头皮输送化合物,例如去除虱子或去头皮屑的化合物、或治疗化合物。
附图简述
图1为从SAIB(蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯)中释放亚甲蓝的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(80%SAIB,实心圆圈;85%SAIB,实心下三角;90%SAIB,空心方块;95%SAIB,上三角)。
图2为从SAIB中释放茶碱的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放量(mg/mg)而得(0.5%茶碱,实心圆圈;1.0%茶碱,下三角;2.5%茶碱,实心方块;5.0%茶碱,上三角;10%茶碱,实心菱形).
图3说明蔗糖对从90%SAIB中释放亚甲蓝的影响,由不同时间(小时)的释放百分率表示,(实心圆圈,0%蔗糖(90%SAIB,10%ETOH);下三角,2.5%蔗糖(90%SAIB,7.5%ETOH);实心方块,5.0%蔗糖(90%SAIB,5%EtOH))。
图4说明CAB(乙酸丁酸纤维素)对从SAIB中释放亚甲蓝的影响,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(实心圆圈,5%CAB(SAIB40%,ETOH55%);实心下三角,10%CAB(SAIB40%,ETOH50%);和实心方块,15%CAB(SAIB40%,ETOH45%))。
图5为从BSA(9%)/SAIB软膏中释放BSA的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放量(释放mg)而得。
图6为从SAIB/乳酸乙酯(EtLac)中释放洗必泰的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(50/50SAIB/EtLac,空心圆圈;70/30SAIB/EtLac,空心下三角;90/10SAIB/EtLac,空心方块)。
图7为从SAIB/NMP中释放洗必泰的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(50/50SAIB/NMP,空心圆圈;70/30SAIB/NMP,空心下三角;90/10SAIB/NMP,空心方块)。
图8为从SAIB/碳酸丙二酯中释放洗必泰的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(64%SAIB,空心圆圈;75%SAIB,空心下三角;85%SAIB,空心方块)。
图9为从SAIB/甘油三乙酸酯中释放2.5%双氯芬酸(diclofenac)的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(50/50SAIB/甘油三乙酸酯,空心圆圈;70/30SAIB/甘油三乙酸酯,空心下三角;90/10SAIB/甘油三乙酸酯,空心方块)。
图10为从含有和不含蔗糖的SAIB/乙醇(EtOH)中释放2.5%双氯芬酸(diclofenac)的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(79%SAIB,空心方块;82%SAIB,实心下三角;90%SAIB,实心方块;88%SAIB,空心下三角;88%SAIB,2.5%蔗糖,实心圆圈;80%SAIB,5%蔗糖,空心圆圈)。
图11为从含有和不含添加剂,CAB和乙酸丙酸纤维素(“CAP”),的SAIB/EtOH中释放2.5%双氯芬酸(diclofenac)的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(无添加剂,空心方块;含CAP,空心下三角;含CAB,空心圆圈)。
图12为从SAIB/二甲亚砜(DMSO)中释放2.5%双氯高灭酸的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(70/30SAIB/DMSO,空心圆圈;90/10SAIB/DMSO,空心下三角)。
图13为从SAIB/45%EtOH/5%CAB中释放氟联苯丙酸的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(4.99%氟联苯丙酸,空心方块;9.92%氟联苯丙酸,实心菱形)。
图14为从SAIB/氢糠基聚乙二醇醚(glycofurol中释放萘普生(游离酸或钠盐)的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(73%SAIB,5.2%萘普生(游离酸),空心圆圈;60%SAIB,3.6%萘普生(游离酸),空心下三角;52%SAIB,4.1%萘普生(游离酸),空心方块;74%SAIB,5.2%萘普生(钠盐),实心圆圈;60%SAIB,3.4%萘普生(钠盐),实心下三角;52%SAIB,3.9%萘普生(钠盐),实心方块)。
图15为从SAIB(40%)/EtOH/CAB或CAP中释放2.5%茶碱的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(5%CAB,空心圆圈;10%CAB,实心圆圈;15%CAB,空心下三角;5%CAP,实心下三角;10%CAP,空心方块;15%CAP,实心方块)。
图16为从SAIB/碳酸丙二酯中释放茶碱的曲线图,由测定不同时间(小时)的释放百分率而得(64%SAIB,空心下三角;74%SAIB,实心圆圈;84%SAIB,空心圆圈)。
图17为两种制剂的释放曲线图。一种制剂(黑影纹)含有3.2%SAIB,15.1%o,0.00395%亚甲蓝和其余部分去离子水。另一种制剂(斜影纹)含有0%SAIB,28.9%o,0.00395%亚甲蓝和去离子水。
发明详述
I.高粘度液体载体材料的选择
高粘度液体载体材料应选择为非聚合物、不溶于水、在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘泊(任选至少为10,000、15,000、20,000、25,000、甚至50,000厘泊),在周围条件或生理条件下完全不结晶。术语不溶于水是指在周围条件下,材料在水中的溶解度小于1%(重量)。
在一个优选实施方案中,当HVLCM与溶剂混合时,其粘度显著下降,形成可与基质混合进行受控输送的LVLCM。LVLCM/基质组合物通常比HVLCM/基质组合物更容易注入体内,因为它更容易流入和流出注射器或其他注入工具,并可容易地配制成乳液。LVLCM可具有所需任何粘度。已经发现,粘度小于约1000厘泊,特别是小于200厘泊的LVLCM一般适合于在体内使用。
在一个实施方案中,HVLCM为二糖酯,例如二糖二乙酸酯六丁酸酯。
在一个优选实施方案中,蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯(“SAIB”),即被两个乙酸部分和六个异丁酸部分酯化的蔗糖分子,用作HVLCM。下面列出SAIB的结构。
SAIB对口服无毒,它在食品工业中普遍用来稳定乳液。SAIB是非常粘稠的液体,其特性在于,稍微加热或加入溶剂可使粘度显著改变。它可溶于大量生物适合的溶剂中。SAIB在溶液或乳液中可通过注射或喷雾施用。SAIB可与能够影响基质输送速度的纤维素酯及其他聚合物混溶。
在其他实施方案中,HVLCM可以是硬脂酸酯,例如丙二醇、甘油、二乙氨基乙基、和乙二醇的硬脂酸酯、硬脂酰胺和其他长链脂肪酸酰胺,例如N,N’-亚乙基二硬脂酰胺、硬脂酰胺单乙醇胺(MEA)和硬脂酰胺二乙醇胺(DEA)、亚乙基二硬脂酰胺、椰子胺氧化物、长链脂肪醇,例如鲸蜡醇和十八醇、长链酯,例如肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、芥酸山嵛酯、和甘油磷酸酯。在一个特定实施方案中,HVLCM为乙酰化的蔗糖二硬脂酸酯(Crodesta A-10)。
HVLCM以能达到要求效果的任何量存在于组合物中。例如,当作为组织保护层或用于防止粘连时,HVLCM可作为保护膜或团块单独使用,或与能够提高该材料性能或作用的基质一起使用。存在于受控输送组合物中的HVLCM的量为约99.5%-约0.20%(重量)。存在于受控输送组合物中的HVLCM的量通常为组合物总重量的约99.5%-约10%(重量),更通常为95-25%,最通常为85-45%。
II.被输送物质
任何显示所需特性的物质都可以用上述方法输送。优选该物质为生物活性物质。
本文所用术语生物活性物质是指施用于包括人在内的动物(包括,但不限于禽类和哺乳动物类)体内可产生生物作用的有机分子,包括药物、肽、蛋白质、碳水化合物(包括单糖、低聚糖和多糖)、核蛋白、黏蛋白、脂蛋白、合成的多肽或蛋白质、或连接在蛋白质上的小分子、糖蛋白、类固醇、核酸(任何形式的DNA,包括CDNA、或RNA、或它们的碎片)、核苷酸、核苷、低聚核苷酸(包括反义低聚核苷酸)、基因、类脂、激素、维生素,包括维生素C和维生素E、或上述物质的混合物。
本文所用术语药物是指作为处理、治疗或预防疾病或病症的药剂的任何内服或外用的物质,包括,但不限于,免疫抑制剂、防老化剂、麻醉剂、化学治疗剂、类固醇(包括类视色素)、激素、抗生素、抗病毒药物、抗真菌药物、抗增殖剂、抗组胺药物、抗凝血剂、抗光老花剂、促黑素肽、非甾类和甾类消炎化合物、防精神病药物、以及辐射吸收剂,包括紫外线吸收剂。
术语生物活性物质还包括例如杀虫剂、农药、杀真菌剂、杀鼠剂、以及植物营养剂和助长剂等制剂。
在一个实施方案中,组合物为疫苗,被输送的物质为抗原。抗原可由细胞、细菌、病毒微粒、或它们的段片产生。如本文所述,抗原可以是能诱发动物,例如哺乳动物、鸟或鱼体内的免疫性应答的蛋白质、肽、多糖、糖蛋白、糖脂、核酸、或它们的混合物。如本文所述,免疫性应答可由体液或细胞介导。如果诱发免疫性应答的物质抗原性很差,可采用标准的共价结合方法,例如由一种可在市场上购得到的成套试剂将该物质结合到载体(例如清蛋白)上,或结合到半抗原上。
优选抗原的实例包括病毒蛋白质,例如流感病毒蛋白质、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)蛋白质、肝炎A、B或C蛋白质以及细菌蛋白质、脂多糖,例如革兰氏染色阴性的细菌细胞壁和淋病奈瑟氏球菌蛋白质、以及小脱氧核糖核酸病毒。
药理材料的非限制性实例包括抗感染药,例如硝基糠腙、丙酸钠、抗生素,包括盘尼西林、四环素、土霉素、金霉素、杆菌肽、制霉菌素、链霉素、新霉素、多黏菌素、短杆菌肽、氯霉素、红霉素和阿奇霉素;磺胺类,包括乙酰磺胺、磺胺甲基硫二嗪、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺异噁唑、以及包括疱疹净的抗病毒药;抗变应性药物,例如安他唑啉、噻吡二胺、扑尔敏、吡拉明、菲林纳明、氢化可的松、可的松、氢化可的松乙酸酯、地塞米松、地塞米松21-磷酸酯、肤轻松、去炎松、6a-甲-11β-羟孕酮、氢化泼尼松、氢化泼尼松21-琥珀酸钠和氢化泼尼松乙酸酯;脱敏制剂,例如豚草花粉抗原、枯草热花粉抗原、尘埃抗原和牛乳抗原;疫苗,例如天花、黄热病、温热病、猪霍乱、水痘、抗蛇毒素、猩红热、dyptheria类毒素、破伤风类毒素、pigeon pox、百日咳、流行性狂犬病、流行性腮腺炎、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎和新城病的疫苗;减充血剂,例如苯肾上腺素、萘唑啉和四水合唑啉;缩瞳剂和抗胆碱酯酶,例如毛果芸香碱、望菌素水杨酸酯、卡巴胆碱、氟磷酸二异丙酯、二乙氧磷酰硫胆碱碘化物和地美溴铵;副交感神经阻断药,例如硫酸阿托品、环戊通、后马托品、东莨菪碱、托品酰胺、优卡托品和羟化苯丙胺;拟交感神经药,例如肾上腺素、镇静药和安眠药,例如戊巴比妥钠、苯巴比妥、司可巴比妥钠、可待因、(a-溴代异戊酰)脲和二乙代溴乙酰脲;精神兴奋剂,例如3-(2-氨丙基)吲哚乙酸酯和3-(2-氨丁基)吲哚乙酸酯;镇静剂,例如利血平、chlorpromayline和奋乃静蜡酯;雄性类固醇,例如甲基睾酮和fluorymesterone;雌性激素,例如雌酮、17-β-雌二醇、乙炔基雌二醇和己烯雌酚;孕制剂,例如黄体酮、甲地孕酮、甲烯雌醇、氯化孕酮、脱水羟基孕酮、异炔诺酮、19-去甲孕酮、炔诺酮、甲基黄体酮和17-b-羟基-黄体酮;作用于体液的制剂,例如前列腺素,例如PGE1、PGE2和PGF2;退热药,例如阿斯匹林、水杨酸钠和水杨酰胺;解痉药,例如阿托品、乙胺太林、罂粟碱和甲基莨菪胺溴化物;抗疟药,例如4-氨基喹啉、8-氨基喹啉、氯喹和乙胺嘧啶;抗组胺药,例如盐酸苯海拉明、茶苯醇胺、苄吡二胺、奋乃静和氯吩嗪;作用于心脏的药剂,例如dibenzhydroflume噻嗪、三氟甲噻、氯噻嗪和三硝乙醇胺;营养剂,例如维生素、天然或合成的生物活性肽和蛋白质,包括生长因子、细胞连接因子、细胞生长抑制素和生物应答调节素。
组合物中所含活性化合物的量足以向主体动物或植物输送有效量的该活性化合物,以便达到要求的效果。组合物中所含药物或生物活性剂的量取决于要求的释放曲线、生物作用所需药物浓度、以及释放药物所需周期。
组合物中活性化合物的浓度也将取决于药物吸收、失活和排出的速度,以及本领域技术人员所了解的其他因素。显然,剂量也会随待缓解状况的严重程度而改变。可以进一步认为,对于任何特定对象,具体剂量应当根据各别需要以及管理或控制施用组合物的人员的专业判断能力而随时调整,本文所列浓度范围仅为示例,并非用来限制权利要求组合物的范围或实际应用。组合物可一次施用,也可分为若干较小的剂量,间隔不同时间施用。
组合物中存在的生物活性物质通常为组合物总重量的约0.5%-约20%(重量),更通常为组合物总重量的约1%-约15%(重量),或更多。另优选为组合物总重量的约2%-约10%(重量)。对非常活泼的活性剂,例如生长因子,优选为组合物总重量的1%(重量)以下,以及0.0001%以下。
可溶和不可溶的物质均可分散在HVLCM或LVLCM中进行受控输送。
III.添加剂
HVLCM或LVLCM中可任选加入各种添加剂,以随意改进材料的性能。添加剂可以足够向组合物提供所需性能的任何量存在。所用添加剂的量一般将随添加剂的性质和所要达到的效果而改变,该量可由操作人员很容易地测定。
当组合物中存在添加剂时,添加剂的量通常为组合物总重量的约0.1%-约20%(重量),更通常为组合物总重量的约1、2或5%-约10%(重量)。某些添加剂,例如缓冲剂,在组合物中只占很少量。
以下类别为可用于组合物中的添加剂的非限制性分类实例。了解本发明公开的内容以及达到的目的之后,本领域的技术人员将很容易理解如何选择其他添加剂,以达要求目的。所有这些实施方案均被认为属于本公开发明。
A.可生物降解聚合物
一类添加剂为可生物降解聚合物和低聚物。聚合物可用来改变被输送物质的释放曲线,增加组合物的完整性,或改进组合物的性能。适宜的可生物降解聚合物和低聚物的非限制性实例包括:聚(丙交酯)、聚(丙交酯-共-乙交酯)、聚(乙交酯)、聚(己内酯)、聚酰胺类、聚酐类、聚氨基酸类、聚原酸酯类、聚氰基丙烯酸酯类、聚(膦嗪类)、聚(磷酸酯类)、聚酰胺酯类、polydioxanones、聚缩醛类、聚缩酮类、聚碳酸酯类、聚原碳酸酯类、可降解的聚氨酯类、聚羟丁酯类、聚羟戊酯类、聚草酸亚烃酯类、聚琥珀酸亚烃酯类、聚(苹果酸)、聚乙酰氨基葡糖、聚氨基葡糖、和以上材料的共聚物、三元共聚物、氧化纤维素、组合物或混合物。
聚(a-羟基酸)的实例包括聚(乙醇酸)、聚(DL-乳酸)、聚(L-乳酸)以及它们的共聚物。聚内酯的实例包括聚(e-己内酯)、聚(d-戊内酯)和聚(γ-丁内酯)。
B.不可生物降解聚合物
可用于本发明组合物的另一类添加剂为不可生物降解聚合物。可用作添加剂的不可降解聚合物的非限制性实例包括:聚丙烯酸酯类、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯聚合物、纤维素和纤维素衍生物、酰基取代的乙酸纤维素及其衍生物、不可降解的聚氨酯类、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚乙烯咪唑)、氯磺化聚烯烃和聚氧化乙烯。
优选的不可生物降解聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇、乙酸丁酸纤维素(“CABO”)和乙酸丙酸纤维素(“CAP”)。
C.油类和脂肪
可用于本发明组合物的再一类添加剂是天然和合成的油类和脂肪。由动物或由坚果植物种子得到的油类通常包括脂肪酸主要是油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚麻酸的甘油酯。通常,分子含氢越多,油品越粘稠。
适宜的天然和合成油类的非限制性实例包括粗制或精制的植物油、花生油、中链甘油三酯、豆油、杏仁油、橄榄油、芝麻油、花生油、小茴香油、山茶油、玉米油、蓖麻油、棉籽油和豆油、以及中链脂肪酸甘油三酯。
脂肪通常为高级脂肪酸,例如硬脂酸和棕榈酸的甘油酯。这些酯类及其混合物在室温下为固体,并呈现结晶结构。猪脂和牛脂即是实例。通常,油类和脂肪可增加SAIB的疏水性,使降解和吸水减慢。
D.碳水化合物和碳水化合物的衍生物
可用于本发明组合物的又一类添加剂是碳水化合物和碳水化合物的衍生物。这类化合物的非限制性实例包括单糖(单糖),例如果糖及其异构体葡萄糖(右旋糖);二糖,例如蔗糖、麦芽糖、纤维素二糖和乳糖;以及多糖。
IV.溶剂
当组合物用作LVLCM时,它应当含有可溶解HVLCM的溶剂。优选被输送的物质也可溶解在该溶剂中。溶剂应当无毒,可溶于水或与水溶合,并且为生物所适合。有毒溶剂不应用于医药或农业。向动物注射组合物所用的溶剂不应对注入部位的组织产生明显刺激或使组织坏死,除非这种刺激或坏死是希望的效果。
溶剂应当至少为水溶性,以便能迅速向体液或其他含水介质扩散,使组合物凝结或凝固。适宜溶剂的实例包括乙醇、乳酸乙酯、碳酸丙二酯、氢糠基聚乙二醇醚(glycofurol)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、丙酮、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、甲基乙基酮、苄醇、甘油三乙酸酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、四氢呋喃、己内酰胺、癸基甲基亚砜、油酸和1-十二烷基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮。
当SAIB用作HVLCM时,优选溶剂为乙醇、二甲亚砜、乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、甘油三乙酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙二酯和glycofurol。SAIB不能与甘油、玉米油、花生油、1,2-丙二醇、聚乙二醇(PEG200)、超精制芝麻油和超精制花生油溶合。因此,后一组溶剂不被优选供SAIB使用。
加入组合物中的溶剂的量通常为组合物总重量的约5%-约55%(重量)。存在于组合物中的溶剂的量优选为约10%-约50%(重量)。另优选为约10%-约30%(重量)。
V.LVLCX和HVLCX组合物的应用
本发明所述组合物可通过各种方法施用于主体,这些方法可随所要达到的效果而改变。例如当主体为动物(例如人)时,组合物可局部、系统地给药[例如经黏膜(经口、直肠、阴道或鼻)给药或非肠道(由静脉、皮下、肌内、腹膜内)给药],必要时可采用适当的载体。当组合物用于农业时,可通过浇灌、喷浸、喷雾或喷涂等撒药装置施用。
对用于医药或兽药,本发明组合物优选作为溶液通过注射给药,或以气雾、软膏或乳液的形式给药。当作为LVLCM经注射给药时,组合物中所用少量溶剂浸入主体的含水流体中,从而形成高粘度的受控输送物质储层,或可防止粘连或使粘连减至最小的组织保护层。当以气雾或乳液的形式使用时,涂敷后溶液中的少量溶剂将蒸发,从而使LVLCM凝固成HVLCM。气雾制剂和乳液制剂可采用本领域技术人员熟悉的方法制得。参阅例如安塞尔,H.C.(Ansel,H.C.)等人的
医药剂量形式与药物输送体系 (Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Del’Systems),第六版,1995。
本发明组合物可用来形成组织保护层,特别可用来防止产生外科手术粘连。HVLCM可粘附到周围的组织或骨骼上,因此可以像胶原蛋白那样皮下注射,以增强组织或充填空隙。HVLCM也可注入伤口,包括烧伤伤口,以防止形成深疤。HVLCM的降解时间可通过例如用聚合物作为HVLCM的添加剂来调节。因此,由HVLCM形成的植入物在体内将缓慢地生物降解,随着植入物的消失,正常组织生长,并取代植入物。
在另一个实施方案中,生物活性物质可先包裹在微球中,然后再混合到本发明的组合物中。在又一个实施方案中,生物活性物质可与配合剂,例如环糊精配合。在再一个实施方案中,生物活性物质呈药物前体的形式。
应用本发明的其他方法包括将载体或受控释放制剂置于明胶胶囊中经口部给药;将载体或受控释放制剂包裹在微球或微囊中,其中优选微球为可生物降解聚合物,例如聚(DL-丙交酯-共-乙交酯);以及将载体或受控释放制剂与不活泼的药用赋形剂,例如微晶状纤维素或乙酸纤维素组合,然后可任选将该组合物制成球形或其他形状,并混合成药剂形式。
局部经口部输送的组合物
可根据本发明配制局部经口部输送的体系,包括表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油状组分、HVLCM,例如蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯、以及能保证将活性剂送入口腔的水。
例如,本发明可用来配制乳液状长效漱口剂,它含有包含在水基第二种载体材料中的SAIB和活性剂。例如,若就寝前按常规方法使用该漱口剂,就会减少第二天早晨的口臭。
上述漱口剂制剂中的组分可分为六类:抗微生物活性剂、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油状组分、蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯、水和添加剂。下文将详述以上各类组分。了解这些公开内容之后,普通技术人员即可通过选择适宜的活性剂来配制其他局部经口部输送的体系,以供在广泛的领域中应用,包括治疗口部感染和其他口部病症。
抗微生物活性剂。在漱口剂制剂中普遍使用的抗微生物活性剂可包括,但不限于,杜灭芬、二氯苯氧氯酚、洗必泰、香精油、十六烷基吡啶氯化物、氟化物、双胍啶、N-水杨酰苯胺、锌化合物和抗生素。这些活性剂可单独使用或混合使用。优选十六烷基吡啶氯化物和锌化合物,特别优选葡萄糖酸锌。
表面活性剂。选择用于本发明制剂中的表面活性剂通常为水溶性非离子表面活性剂,包括,但不限于,聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯加氢蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯甘油酯和脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,上述表面活性剂可单独使用或混合使用。优选的非离子表面活性剂为含5-40摩尔环氧乙烷的聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯和含5-20摩尔环氧乙烷的聚氧乙烯甘油酯。特别优选聚氧乙烯(20E.O.)脱水山梨醇一油酸酯、聚氧乙烯(20E.O.)杏仁油和聚氧乙烯(20E.O.)加氢蓖麻油等。
本发明制剂中所加表面活性剂的量随所用表面活性剂的类型而改变。通常优选为1-60%(重量),特别优选为2-10%(重量)。
助表面活性剂。用于本发明制剂中的助表面活性剂通常特定为醇或表面活性剂/助表面活性剂体系中的低亲水/亲脂平衡(HLB)非离子组分。在本发明制剂中,优选除具有表面活性剂功能之外,还具有增溶剂或助溶剂功能的助表面活性剂。一羟基或多羟基醇或低HLB非离子表面活性剂可单独,或两种或两种以上混合,用作这种助表面活性剂。特定苄醇、乙醇和辛醇等为一羟基醇的实例;丙二醇、甘油和1,3-丁二醇等为多羟基醇的实例。特定蒸馏的单酸甘油酯、聚甘油聚油酸酯和分子量为300-4,000的聚乙二醇为低HLB非离子表面活性剂的实例。特定聚甘油聚油酸酯为助表面活性剂的更优选实例。其中特别优选的助表面活性剂为十甘油四油酸酯。
本发明制剂中所加上述助表面活性剂的量随所用助表面活性剂的类型而改变。通常优选为0.5-30%(重量),特别优选为1-5%(重量)。油状组分。通常选自甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇及其衍生物、脂肪醇苯甲酸酯和碳氢化合物的一种或一种以上的油状组分可用作本发明制剂中的油状组分。合格的单-、二-或三酸甘油酯及其混合物,不论其来源或产地,也不论是天然产生还是人工合成的化合物,或是半合成的化合物,均可作为甘油脂肪酸酯使用。优选的甘油脂肪酸酯为粗制或精制的杏仁油、橄榄油、芝麻油、花生油、小茴香油、山茶油、玉米油、蓖麻油、棉籽油和豆油、以及中链脂肪酸甘油三酯,上述油状组分可单独使用或混合使用。特别优选中链脂肪酸甘油三酯。
优选的脂肪酸酯为肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸辛酯、油酸乙酯和棕榈酸乙酯。特别优选肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和棕榈酸辛酯。特别优选的脂肪醇衍生物和脂肪醇苯甲酸酯为2-辛基十二烷醇和C12-15醇苯甲酸酯。特定轻液体石蜡油或重液体石蜡油为优选的碳氢化合物。
上述油状组分可单独使用或与其他油状组分混合使用。这些油状组分在本发明制剂中的加入量可为0.5-50%(重量),优选为1-10%(重量)。蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯。上文详述的蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯用作HVLCM。SAIB在制剂中的加入量通常为0.01-10%(重量),优选为0.1-2%(重量)。水。漱口剂制剂中的另一重要组分是水。本发明制剂的pH为3-10,优选为5-9,更优选为6-8。可用缓冲剂使pH保持在以上范围内。特定乙酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、苯甲酸和/或它们的盐为优选缓冲剂的实例。在配制过程中,视调节需要而定,可通过加入适当的酸或碱(优选盐酸或氢氧化钠)将pH调节到优选范围。还优选本发明制剂中使用的水经去离子和过滤处理。添加剂。其他组分,例如防腐剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、色素、等渗剂、调味剂、湿润剂、掩蔽剂、维生素和维生素前体等均可按需要加入。特定对羟苯甲酸衍生物为防腐剂的优选实例,特定对羟苯甲酸甲酯和对羟苯甲酸丙酯为最优选的防腐剂。特定丁基羟基茴香醚、丁基羟基甲苯、棓酸丙酯、维生素E乙酸酯和纯化的氢醌为抗氧化剂的优选实例,特定维生素E乙酸酯和丁基羟基甲苯为最优选的抗氧化剂。特定山梨醇为湿润剂的优选实例。特定薄荷油、留兰香油、冬青油、薄荷醇和糖精为调味剂的优选实例。特定柠檬酸为掩蔽剂的优选实例。
上述局部经口部输送的体系可按常规方法配制,例如,可分别调制油相和水相,然后油水两相在高温下混合。油水两相混合物经充分混合后冷却至室温,然后封装。
VI.实施例
了解本发明公开的内容之后,本领域的普通技术人员将能够配制和使用各种HVLCH组合物。规定所述各实施方案均属于本发明的范围。为便于说明,下列实施例将详述SAIB组合物的配制和使用。其他HVLCMS、添加剂、基质和溶剂可以相同或相似的方式使用。
下列通用方法用来配制实施例中要求的制剂。制剂在20ml闪烁管中配制,然后振荡、搅拌和/或加热,使生物活性物质溶解在SAIB/溶剂体系中。在生物活性物质不溶的实施例中,将制剂冷冻,然后搅拌,形成微滴状的生物活性物质最佳分散体。
在玻璃试管中,生物活性化合物的释放可用下列通用方法测定。将pH为7.4或6.8的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(“PBS”)(10ml)加入16x125mm试管中。PBS的pH(7.4或6.8)根据生物活性物质的用途和溶解性来选择。该PBS含有0.2%叠氮化钠,以防微生物生长。用一次性塑料移液管向上述试管中加入0.03-0.09克SAIB/溶剂/生物活性物质制剂,记录重量。将试管加盖,置于振荡槽装置中,在37℃下恒定振荡。
在不同时间定时从振荡槽中取出试管。即时从含有制剂的试管中取出PBS,放入清洁干燥的试管中。这些样品经UV分析测定PBS溶液中生物活性物质的量。将新鲜的PBS加入上述含有制剂的试管中,然后将试管返回振荡槽中。在不同的取样时间重复上述步骤。
以制剂中生物活性物质的原始量为基准,由释放溶液中生物活性物质的浓度绘制释放曲线。制剂中生物活性物质的原始量采用UV-可见分光光度法测定。
在这些实施例中采用各种溶剂,包括:乙醇(EtOH)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、乳酸乙酯(EtLac)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、苄醇(FCH2OH)、甘油三乙酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、碳酸丙二酯(PC)和glycofurol(GF).。
在制剂中,较大比例的溶剂通常可提供较高浓度的生物活性物质。溶剂的量和类型也和溶液的粘度直接相关。表1列出溶剂和浓度对SAIB/溶剂混合物的影响。粘度数据采用200号坎农-彭斯克(Cannon-Penske)粘度计于30℃下测定。
表1
材料 | 厘泊 |
反渗透去离子水 | 1.0 |
EtOH | 1.3 |
60/40SAIB/EtOH | 7.7 |
70/30SAIB/EtOH | 17.0 |
55/40/5SAIB/EtOH/CAB | 68.9 |
90/10SAIB/EtOH | 494.8 |
PC | 2.1 |
70/30SAIB/PC | 138.7 |
70/30SAIB/glycofurol | 228.4 |
花生油 | 57.8 |
生物活性物质的影响
亚甲蓝和牛血清清蛋白(BSA)用来说明药物的释放。从体系中释放出的生物活性化合物包括洗必泰、双氯高灭醇、强力霉素、氟联苯丙酸、萘普生和茶碱。克霉唑由于水溶性很低而未连续释放。
实施例1
乙醇(1g)与蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯(SAIB)(9g)混合。缓慢搅拌后得低粘度清澈溶液。用玻璃移液管将一滴该溶液滴入水中,形成球形基质,其形状可保持一周以上。
实施例2
乙醇(2g)与SAIB(8g)混合。所得溶液与水混合时形成薄膜。该薄膜形状可保持一周以上。
实施例3
按照实施例1的方法配制含有不同量的乙醇和SAIB的溶液。该溶液中加入0.07%的亚甲蓝。如实施例1所述,在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中制得球形液滴。PBS样品在37℃下保存。每隔一定时间取出PBS样品,用紫外可见分光光度法分析亚甲蓝含量。亚甲蓝的释放结果示于图1。
实施例4
采用牛血清清蛋白(BSA)而不是亚甲蓝,按照实施例3的方法配制一系列制剂。在这些制剂中采用不同百分率的BSA、溶剂和SAIB。溶剂标号以及BSA、溶剂、SAIB和任何添加剂的比例列于下面表2-表4。
BSA的释放随CAP∶SAIB比例的增加而减慢。
BSA不溶于上述体系。曾试图用混合溶剂溶解BSA,但BSA只溶于不能与SAIB溶合的甘油和水中。在释放曲线中所有含BSA的制剂均为非均相。表2列出含有BSA的制剂。
表2
%BSA | %EtOH | %PVP | %50/50甘油/DMSO |
27 | 37 | 0 | 4.4 |
4.6 | 36 | 0 | 5.6 |
5.5 | 36 | 0 | 5.8 |
5.0 | 33 | 5.9 | 6.9 |
5.5 | 31 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
4.9 | 27 | 18.8 | 9.8 |
表3
%BSA | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 |
1.1 | PC | 31.3 | 去离子水 | 9.8 |
9.2 | 未用溶剂(BSA/SAIB软)膏 | |||
9.6 | 甘油 | 9.2 | - | - |
1.9 | EtOH | 30 | - | - |
1.9 | EtOH | 20 | - | - |
1.9 | EtOH | 10 | - | - |
10 | EtOH | 10 | - | - |
图5说明未采用任何添加溶剂配制的SAIB/BSA软膏的释放曲线。
曾试图绘制表4所列非均相制剂的释放曲线,但未实现。
表4
%BSA | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 |
1 | EtOH | 9.6 | - | - |
1 | EtOH | 19 | - | - |
1 | EtOH | 29 | - | - |
1 | EtOH | 50 | - | - |
1 | EtOH | 89 | - | - |
实施例5
采用一系列含有洗必泰作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
添加有洗必泰作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表7。
表5
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
5 | EtLac | 50 | - | - | 不溶 |
30 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
10 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
NMP | 50 | - | - | 可溶 | |
30 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
10 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
PC | 31 | - | - | 不溶 | |
20 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
10 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
EtOH | 50 | - | - | 可溶 | |
30 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
10 | - | - | 不溶 | ||
45 | CAB | 5 | 可溶 | ||
40 | 可溶 | ||||
35 | 不溶 | ||||
2.6 | 23 | PVP | 5.1 | 不溶 | |
2.5 | 23 | CAB | 5 | 不溶 | |
23 | CAP | 5 | 不溶 | ||
2.75 | 23 | PEG(10K) | 5.2 | 不溶 | |
2.4 | 23 | PEG(1K) | 5.5 | 不溶 |
各种溶剂中洗必泰的释放曲线示于图6-图8。
推导出洗必泰在SAIB/EtOH/CAB中的最佳溶解量.结果示于表6。
表6
%药物 | %EtOH | %CAB | 溶解性 |
12 | 57.5 | 3 | 室温下不溶(加热可溶) |
14.7 | 47.2 | 3.8 | 一天或两天可溶 |
15 | 51 | 3.4 | 不溶 |
18 | 50.4 | 3.1 | 不溶 |
实施例6
采用一系列含有双氯高灭酸钠作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。双氯高灭酸的释放随CAB∶SAIB比例的增加而减慢。
添加有diclofenac作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表7。
表7
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
2.68 | EtOH | 19.1 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.48 | 15.6 | - | - | 不溶 | |
2.40 | 9.6 | - | - | 不溶 | |
2.68 | 7 | - | - | 不溶 | |
2.43 | 7.1 | 蔗糖 | 2.6 | 不溶 | |
2.56 | 3.6 | 蔗糖 | 5.1 | 不溶 | |
2.39 | 28.7 | CAB | 4.8 | 可溶 | |
2.44 | 28.6 | PEG(1K) | 4.8 | 不溶 | |
2.89 | 28.7 | PVP(25) | 4.8 | 不溶 | |
2.38 | 28.3 | PEG(10K) | 5.3 | 不溶 | |
2.35 | 36.3 | CAP | 5.2 | 可溶 | |
2.57 | 甘油三乙酸酯 | 50 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.89 | 30 | - | - | 不溶 | |
2.43 | 11.5 | - | - | 不溶 | |
2.58 | DMSO | 50 | - | - | 可溶(但变褐色) |
2.45 | 30.5 | - | - | 不溶 | |
2.36 | 10.2 | - | - | 不溶 |
各种溶剂中双氯高灭酸的释放曲线示于图9-图12。
实施例7
采用一系列含有强力霉素作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
添加有强力霉素作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表8。
表8
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
5 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.56 | 15 | - | - | 不溶 | |
4.97 | EtOAc | 30 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtLac | 30 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.45 | PC | 30 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.5 | GE | 30 | - | - | 可溶 |
2.5 | DMSO | 30 | - | - | 暂时不溶 |
少量DMSO与SAIB/EtOH/CAB组合物一起使用,以助强力霉素溶解。这些制剂列于下面表9。
表9
%强力霉素 | %EtOH | %CAB | %DMSO | 溶解性 |
3.01 | 49 | 6.7 | 7.6 | 可溶 |
4.03 | 47 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 可溶 |
3.07 | 42 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 不溶 |
4.17 | 72 | 21 | 7.5 | 可溶(注:无SAIB) |
实施例8
采用一系列含有氟联苯丙酸作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
添加有氟联苯丙酸作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表10。
表10
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
2.48 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 可溶 |
4.98 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 可溶 |
9.98 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 可溶 |
4.99 | EtOH | 45 | CAB | 5.0 | 可溶 |
9.92 | EtOH | 45 | CAB | 5.5 | 可溶 |
氟联苯丙酸的释放曲线示于图13。
实施例9
采用一系列含有萘普生(游离酸)作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
添加有萘普生(游离酸)作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表11。
表11
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
5.2 | GF | 21 | - | - | 可溶 |
3.6 | GF | 37 | - | - | 可溶 |
4.1 | GF | 44 | - | - | 可溶 |
实施例10
采用一系列含有萘普生(钠盐)作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
萘普生(钠盐)不溶于ETOH和EtOAc。添加有萘普生(钠盐)作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表12。
表12
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
5.2 | GF | 21 | - | - | 不溶 |
3.4 | GF | 37 | - | - | 可溶 |
3.9 | GF | 44 | - | - | 可溶 |
各种溶剂中萘普生(游离酸和钠盐)的释放曲线示于图14。
实施例11
采用一系列含有萘普生(钠盐)和萘普生(游离酸)作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
添加有萘普生(钠盐)和萘普生(游离酸)作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表13。
表13
%游离酸 | %Na盐 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 溶解性 |
2.38 | 2.55 | PC | 20 | 不溶 |
1.28 | 3.56 | GF | 20 | 不溶 |
2.27 | 2.78 | EtLac | 30 | 可溶 |
2.49 | 2.55 | GF | 20 | 可溶 |
实施例12
采用一系列含有茶碱作为生物活性剂的制剂重复实施例3的步骤。配制含有不同量的溶剂、SAIB和添加剂的制剂。
添加有茶碱作为生物活性物质的制剂列于下面表14。
表14
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
0.5 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 不溶 |
1 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 不溶 |
5 | EtOH | 15 | - | - | 不溶 |
10 | EtOH | 15 | CAB | 5 | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtOH | 53 | CAB | 10 | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtOH | 47 | CAB | 15 | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtOH | 43 | CAP | 5 | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtOH | 53 | CAP | 10 | 不溶 |
2.6 | EtOH | 48 | CAP | 15 | 不溶 |
2.5 | EtOH | 43 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.2 | EtOAc | 48 | - | - | 不溶 |
4.8 | EtOAc | 29 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.0 | EtOAc | 9.5 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.0 | FCH2OH | 48 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.2 | FCH2OH | 29 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.0 | FCH2OH | 11 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.4 | EtOH | 10 | - | - | 不溶 |
6.5 | EtOH | 20 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.5 | EtOH | 30 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.5 | EtOH | 25 | CAB | 5.5 | 不溶 |
7.2 | EtOH | 34 | CAB | 5.4 | 不溶 |
5.4 | EtOH | 45 | CAB | 5.9 | 不溶 |
5.1 | PC | 11 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.5 | PC | 20 | - | - | 不溶 |
5.5 | PC | 31 | - | - | 不溶 |
碳酸丙二酯中茶碱的释放曲线示于图16。
曾试图绘制下列含有茶碱的制剂的释放曲线,但样品非常混浊。
这些制剂中物质的量列于下面表15。
表15
%药物 | 溶剂 | %溶剂 | 添加剂 | %添加剂 | 溶解性 |
4.9 | EtOH | 16 | PVP(K25) | 5.1 | 不溶 |
5.0 | EtOH | 40 | PVP(K25) | 5.0 | 不溶 |
5.1 | EtOH | 15 | PEG(1K) | 5.0 | 不溶 |
5.0 | EtOH | 40 | PEG(1K) | 5.0 | 不溶 |
4.9 | EtOH | 40 | PEG(10K) | 5.4 | 不溶 |
4.9 | EtOH | 16 | PEG(10K) | 4.9 | 不溶 |
实施例13
配制含有80%SAIB和15%乙醇的制剂,将所得溶液装入气雾剂容器中。将该溶液喷涂到琼脂培养基平面上,在上面形成粘附性连续薄膜。
实施例14
配制一系列含有80%SAIB、0.02%亚甲蓝和不同比例的乙醇/CAB(1∶0-1∶1)的制剂。将该制剂喷涂到明胶上,亚甲蓝向明胶中的渗入随CAB含量的增加而减慢。
实施例15
将SAIB加热至60℃。配制含有1、2、5和10%四环素的各种制剂。将上述制剂装入具21号标准针头的注射器中。用手将制剂从注射器推入37℃的缓冲剂中。该制剂在约45℃下很容易推出。
实施例16漱口剂的配制及性能
聚氧乙烯(7.680g,20E.C.)杏仁油(Crovol A-70)、4.042g十甘油四油酸酯(Caprol 1OG40)和11.721g中链甘油三酯(Neobee M-5)在适宜的混合器(夹套式单向斜面釜)中混合。该混合物加热至约65℃。将对羟苯甲酸甲酯(0.500g)、0.250g对羟苯甲酸丙酯、0.125g十六烷基吡啶氯化物、0.125g苯甲酸和0.625g蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯混入上述加热的有机相中。在添加上述组分的整个过程中,有机相混合物保持在约65℃。将葡萄糖酸锌(0.250g)、0.125g苯甲酸钠、0.0625g柠檬酸和12.5g山梨醇溶解在221.10g去离子水中。该水相混合物加热至约65℃。有机相混合物和水相混合物均达到温度后,在搅拌下将水相慢慢加入油相中。水相完全加入油相之后,加入两滴绿色食用色素和1.000g薄荷油,将它们充分混合到制剂中。将上述混合物迅速冷却至室温,然后封装。在上述规模的配制过程中,水的损失为约10.1g。
成品组成如下。
表16
漱口剂组分 | 浓度%,重量 |
PEG-20杏仁油 | 3.07 |
中链甘油三酯 | 4.70 |
十甘油四油酸酯 | 1.62 |
水 | 84.4 |
蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯 | 0.250 |
薄荷油 | 0.400 |
对羟苯甲酸甲酯 | 0.200 |
对羟苯甲酸丙酯 | 0.100 |
十六烷基吡啶氯化物 | 0.050 |
葡萄糖酸锌 | 0.100 |
糖精 | 0.020 |
山梨醇 | 5.00 |
苯甲酸钠 | 0.050 |
柠檬酸 | 0.025 |
苯甲酸 | 0.050 |
绿色食用色素 | 按需要 |
实施例17
将移植血管浸泡在61.8%SAIB、10.0%CAB和28.2%ETOH的溶液中,在该溶液中加入1%肝素。挤干移植血管中的溶液,并用生理盐水冲洗。将该移植血管植入狗体内。移植后,与对照移植血管相比,该移植血管内表面无血块。
实施例18
配制5%CAB、45%乙醇和50%SAIB的制剂。在该制剂中加入0.05-0.0005%的转化生长因子-β或1-5.1%的苯酚。将该组合物注入狗的腹股沟管中,组合物在其中诱发纤维素酶应答,导致腹股沟管闭合。
实施例19
10%CAB、45%乙醇和45%SAIB的制剂呈气雾状喷洒在被外科手术擦伤的兔子的子宫角上。复查时,该部位丝毫未显示外科手术粘连消失,但该制剂在生理上完全可以耐受。
实施例20
图17为两种制剂的释放曲线图。一种制剂(黑影纹)含有3.2%SAIB、15.1%ETOH、0.00395%亚甲蓝和其余部分去离子水。另一种制剂(斜影纹)含有0%SAIB、28.9%ETOH、0.00395%亚甲蓝和去离子水。
切取1英寸的天然胶原蛋白条,用PBS(pH6.8)冲洗,在上述制剂中浸泡9分钟,然后放入干净的试管中,用PBS淹没。在不同时间轻轻倒出PBS进行UV-分析;将新鲜的PBS加入上述含胶原蛋白的试管中。参见图17。
根据以上详述,本发明、本发明组合物及其使用方法的变更和调整对本领域技术人员将非常显而易见的。要求上述变更和调整属于所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于生物活性物质受控释放的组合物,包括:
(a)非聚合的、不溶于水的液体载体材料,该载体材料在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘泊,在环境条件或生理条件下完全不结晶;和
(b)生物活性物质。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中不溶于水的液体载体材料为蔗糖二乙酸酯六异丁酸酯。
3.权利要求2的组合物,其中存在的不溶于水的液体载体材料的量为组合物总重量的约99.5%-约10%重量。
4.权利要求3的组合物,其中存在的不溶于水的液体载体材料的量为组合物总重量的约99.5%-约0.20%重量。
5.权利要求2的组合物,其中组合物还包括可溶解不溶于水的液体载体的溶剂。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中溶剂选自乙醇、二甲亚砜、乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、甘油三乙酸酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙二酯和氢糠基聚乙二醇醚。
7.权利要求5的组合物,其中存在的溶剂的量为组合物重量的约10%重量-约50%重量。
8.权利要求2的组合物,其中组合物还包括添加剂。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其中添加剂选自可生物降解聚合物、不可生物降解聚合物、天然油类、合成油类、碳水化合物、碳水化合物的衍生物、无机盐、以及不活泼的有机化合物。
10.权利要求8的组合物,其中存在的添加剂的量为组合物总重量的约1%重量-约20%重量。
11.权利要求2的组合物,其中生物活性物质选自药物、肽、蛋白质、核蛋白、黏蛋白、脂蛋白、多糖及其衍生物、肝素、合成的多肽或蛋白质、或连接在蛋白质上的小分子、糖蛋白、类固醇、核酸或其碎片、核苷酸、核苷、低聚核苷酸、基因、类脂、激素和维生素。
12.一种用于生物活性物质受控释放的乳液,包括:
(a)非聚合的、不溶于水的液体载体材料,该载体材料在37℃下的粘度至少为5,000厘泊,在环境条件或生理条件下完全不结晶;和
(b)在水基载体中的生物活性物质。
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US5747058A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
CN100522244C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
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