CN1760752A - 光学增强视频和照明元件的系统和方法 - Google Patents

光学增强视频和照明元件的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1760752A
CN1760752A CNA2005101071823A CN200510107182A CN1760752A CN 1760752 A CN1760752 A CN 1760752A CN A2005101071823 A CNA2005101071823 A CN A2005101071823A CN 200510107182 A CN200510107182 A CN 200510107182A CN 1760752 A CN1760752 A CN 1760752A
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video
optical element
illuminator
lens
lighting module
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罗比·帝尔曼斯
史蒂文·D.·科克莱尔
赫伯特·V.·希尔
卡利姆·米尔斯曼
卡特林·诺伊尔
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Barco NV
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Abstract

视频和/或照明系统包括照明模块和位于包括照明元件阵列的所述照明模块前的至少一个光学元件,其中,所述视频和/或照明系统具有可松开附着装置,用于将所述至少一个光学元件附着到所述照明模块,用于所述视频和/或照明系统的模块化安装。

Description

光学增强视频和照明元件的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于光学增强视频和照明元件的系统和方法,以及更具体地说,涉及放在视频和照明元件的前面以改变或增强它们的特性的光学元件。
背景技术
已经长期使用阴极射线管(CRT)和原始投影系统来显示视频和运动图像。传统的白炽灯、荧光灯以及氖灯是用来照亮许多大型商业和公共标记的传统照明元件。
然而,市场现在需求更廉价和更大的显示器,具有定制显示大小和颜色的灵活性以及图像和视频能力,以及容易安装、维护和拆卸,特别是用在临时地点中,这些是通过较早技术不可能的市场规格。
对于先前采用白炽、卤素或闪光照明源的许多目的,在制造发光二极管(LED)方面相对新的进步使它们成为有吸引力的光源。LED光源具有更长寿命以及更高效率,以及它们比先前采用的光源更耐久。
某些类型的LED能以Lambertian图案发光。对于一些显示用途,不偏向任何一个方向或方位的照明的Lambertian分布是理想的配置。期望Lambertian照明的用途的一个例子是职业运动比赛项目的记分板,其中,露天大型体育场内的体育迷位于相对于记分板的任何位置-较高、较低、向左、向右、向前等等。
当观看是指定的时,诸如沿高速公路的广告牌标记,Lambertian光分布很浪费,因为只有在该标记前和稍下面的人读取标记上的信息。
在某些关键应用中,通过在LED或其他基于像素的显示器的前面,引入光引导层,能大大地增强光效率,以便与其他方向上相比,优先增强某一方向上的亮度,增强对比度以便适应室内对室外的应用,或修改颜色以便产生所需视觉效果。
在许多应用中,例如,在娱乐场所,要求视频和照明效果两者。然而,对于视频和照明,通常需要不同的照明元件以便产生所需效果。所需要的是通过使用同一照明系统来产生视频和照明效果两者的装置。
三维图像和视频正变得更广泛使用。为产生由虚拟现实、模拟和游戏市场所要求的更真实的效果和环境,需要产生和显示逼真的图像。直到最近,仅通过使用立体观察器、红蓝彩色玻璃、偏光镜或其他类型的设备来产生三维效果。现在,通过使用LED或全息、衍射或透镜阵列屏幕,能用内眼观看三维图像和视频。
有许多类型的光学元件能用于无穷多个目前和新的应用。这些光学元件位于光束或光程中以便改变通过光学元件的光的特性。这些光学元件可以与传统的柱面或球面透镜一样简单。
其他类型的光学元件可以包括菲涅耳结构、光栅结构、滤光器、全内反射(TIR,total internal reflection)结构、非线性光学元件,诸如梯度指数(GRIN,Gradient-index)透镜、棱镜结构、偏光镜、枕形光学构造(pillow optic formation)、光缆以及其他类型的光波导,对本领域的技术人员来说是非常公知的。
所有这些结构接收从光源输入的光以及通过结构或元件,透射或反射光,然后,允许光在某种程度上被改变的状态下从结构或元件发出。当光离开结构或元件时,所有这些类型的光学元件要么透射、反射、衍射、折射、(部分)吸收,要么过滤出某些光的波长或偏振。通过改变传过光学元件的光的属性,能产生所需增强或效果。所需要的是容易修改以便产生所需视觉效果或适合于特定环境使用,诸如室内或室外的灵活的视频和照明系统。
在U.S.专利申请No.20020084952,名为“Flat panel color displaywith enhanced brightness and preferential viewing angles”的文献中,找到光学增强显示系统的例子。
所述的’952专利申请描述了光引导装置,由具有沿衬底纵向排列以便形成多个RGB三重组的RGB发光二极管结构的LED阵列和具有与各个RGB三重组相邻放置的多个lenslet结构的lenslet阵列形成。
对于每个RGB三重组,lenslet结构包括指向其各自的RGB三重组的多个柱面透镜。与各个RGB发光二极管结构平行地纵向排列柱面透镜。该排列产生更大光效率,因为在观察者最可能存在的所需方向上优先引导来自LED的光。
‘952专利使用柱面透镜来引导来自发光元件的光。然而,在许多应用和环境中,其他光学元件可能更适合于改变视角。例如,结合改变视角,改变由发光元件产生的发射轮廓(emission profile)的观察锥体也可以是所需效果。
结合改变视角,可以期望另外的效果,例如光扩散、添加颜色、或增加对比度。所需要的是能容易适合于特定应用和环境,但仍然足够灵活以产生所需视频和照明效果的模块化显示系统。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供能充当视频和照明系统的模块化显示系统。
本发明的另一目的是提供灵活的照明系统。
本发明的另一目的是提供能容易应用于室内或室外用途的视频和照明系统。
本发明的另一目的是提供能用于多个应用的模块化系统。
本发明的另一目的是提供能在其前面独立或组合安装各种光学元件以便产生所需视频或照明效果的模块化系统。
此外,本发明涉及一种视频和/或照明系统,包括照明模块和位于包括照明元件阵列的所述照明模块前的至少一个光学元件,其中,所述视频和/或照明系统具有可松开的附着装置,用于将所述至少一个光学元件附着到所述照明模块,用于所述视频和/或照明系统的模块化安装。
特别地,本发明是使用固态发射元件,诸如LED的视频和/或照明系统,当结合光学元件使用时,改变传播通过光学元件的光的属性,并产生所需的增强或效果。
通过由用户改变位于发射照明源前面的光学元件的类型或位置,模块化发射照明源能用于几种不同的应用以及各种观察环境中。
例如,通过用户改变光学元件,模块化发射照明源的单个系统能用来显示完整运动视频,产生放大的二维图像,产生三维图像,或充当光源。不同光学元件也能用来改变视角或发射轮廓,增强亮度、对比度和颜色,或允许系统在室内或室外使用。
本发明还涉及一种用于光学增强视频和/或照明系统的方法,其中,使用由照明模块和一组不同的相应光学元件组成,其中,所述光学元件的一个或多个能以可松开方式附着到所述照明模块前面,所述方法包括步骤:确定环境使用;确定所述视频和/或照明效果;在所述组中选择适当的光学元件;以可松开方式,将所述适当的光学元件附着到照明模块。
附图说明
为更好说明本发明的特性,参考附图,仅将下述优选实施例和方法描述为例子,而不以任何方式限制,其中:
图1A示例说明根据本发明的照明模块的前视图;
图1B示例说明根据本发明的照明模块的后视图;
图2示例说明本发明的透镜阵列;
图3A示例说明根据本发明,用于将光学元件阵列附着到照明模块的棘爪系统(clicking system)的前视图,此时部件分离;
图3B示例说明根据本发明,用于将光学元件阵列附着到照明模块的棘爪系统的第二前视图,此时部件相互连接;
图3C示例说明根据本发明用于将光学元件阵列附着到照明模块的棘爪系统的侧视图;
图3D示例说明根据本发明用于将光学元件阵列附着到的照明模块的棘爪系统的详细视图;
图4A示例说明根据本发明,具有前光学元件(front optics)的一对一照明系统;
图4B示例说明根据本发明,具有前光学元件的一对一照明系统的前视图;
图5A示例说明根据本发明,具有对比度增强和视角修改前光学元件的照明系统;
图5B示例说明根据本发明,具有对比度增强和视角修改前光学元件的照明系统的第二实施例;
图6A示例说明根据本发明,具有前光学元件的一对多照明系统;
图6B示例说明根据本发明,具有前光学元件的一对多照明系统的透镜的详细视图;
图7示例说明根据本发明,具有薄膜前光学元件的照明系统;
图8示例说明具有前光学元件的照明系统;
图9示例说明根据本发明的菲涅耳透镜的例子;
图10示例说明根据本发明的示例性梯度指数透镜;
图11A示例说明本发明的光导管;
图11B示例说明本发明的光导管阵列;
图12A示例说明双表面起伏衍射光学元件;
图12B示例说明多层表面起伏衍射光学元件;
图13是根据本发明,光学增强视频和/或照明系统的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1A示例说明示例性照明模块100的前视图。照明模块100包含发射照明元件110的8×11阵列。然而,照明模块100的大小不限于8×11,以及可以是任何大小的阵列。照明模块100被设计成与其他类似的照明模块相结合以便产生大型显示器。
图1B示例说明示例性照明模块100的后视图。
图2示侧说明由矩形或圆形透镜210的阵列形成的透镜阵列200,每个透镜具有弯曲的前和/或后面。这些面可以是但不限于平面、球面、圆锥非球面或多项式非球面形状。透镜用显示出用来计算每个透镜的焦距的特定折射率的材料(例如聚碳酸脂)制造。透镜阵列200位于照明模块100、照明模块100的阵列或整个视频和/或照明显示系统的前面或附到其上。
图3A示例说明根据本发明,具有可松开附着装置的视频和/或照明系统。
在图3A至3D中,所述可松开附着部件包括棘爪系统300,其中,分开两个元件。棘爪系统300用来将光学元件阵列,诸如具有遮光阵列330的透镜阵列200附着到照明模块100。遮光阵列330挡住太阳光,增加图像质量,提高对比度,以及在有明亮太阳光的室外应用中特别有用。棘爪系统300是将光学元件阵列附着到照明模块100的装置的一个实施例。其他实施例可以包括使用可松开粘合剂,诸如可松开胶水,将光学元件阵列附着到照明元件100。然而,另外的实施例可以包括棘爪机构,由此插销连接在照明元件100四周。另一实施例可以是通过使用螺栓附着到照明模块100的光学元件阵列。
很显然,光学元件或其阵列能位于具有可松开附着装置,诸如所述棘爪系统300,或能通过螺栓等等,以可松开方式附着到所述照明模块100的支承结构中,用于所述视频和/或照明系统的模块化安装。
最好,所述视频和/或照明系统还具有用于改变照明元件110和所述光学元件之间的距离的部件,因为该距离是用于获得所需视觉效果的重要参数。
图3B示例说明棘爪系统300的第二前视图,其中,经棘爪系统300连接这两个元件。
图3C示例说明棘爪系统300的侧视图。
图3D示例说明棘爪系统300的细节B。棘爪系统300包括透镜阵列200,由透镜340的阵列组成,以及在一个实施例中,遮光阵列330包括插销310。插销310按入并附着到将透镜阵列200保持到照明模块100上的互补插销唇(latch lip)320。
通过使用适当长度的插销310,透镜340和发射照明元件110之间的距离能设置成特定距离。棘爪系统300也可以用来直接在发射照明元件110前面或偏离发射照明元件110,精确定位透镜340。
图4A示例说明具有前光学元件的一对一照明系统400。有用于每个发射照明元件110的单个透镜340。发射照明元件110和透镜340之间的区域能用空气,或更好,具有能选择以更好地将来自发射照明元件110的光耦合到透镜340中的折射率的诸如光学粘合剂的材料填充。该折射率匹配将减小光损耗。光学粘合剂的例子包括OP-40高性能光学粘合剂,由DYMAX Corporation以及Dow Corning的SYLGARD184Silicone Elastomer制造。另外,也能使用非粘合光学凝胶,诸如Dow Corning的SYLGARD527 Silicone介电凝胶。尽管示出具有前光学元件的一对一照明系统具有5×5的发射照明元件110阵列,但它表示任何大小的发射照明元件110的阵列的任何照明模块100。透射阵列200能与照明模块100相同或类似大小,并以多种方式,诸如通过棘爪系统300附着到照明模块100,如图3A所示。另外,透镜阵列200可以集成到大的薄片中。该大的薄片能具有几个照明模块100或整个显示系统的大小。
图4B示例说明具有前光学元件的一对一照明系统400的前视图。
图5A示例说明具有对比度增强前光学元件的照明系统500。具有对比度增强前光学元件500的照明系统包括发射照明元件110和由透镜340的阵列组成的透镜阵列200。在一个实施例中,在透镜阵列200的上面放置黑色基体510。发射照明元件110之间的黑色区域将增加观众的观看对比度。
图5B示例说明具有对比度增强前光学元件的照明系统500的第二实施例,其中,遮光阵列330位于透镜阵列200之上。
图6A示例说明具有前光学元件的一对多照明系统600。在一个实施例中,通过棘爪系统300,使透镜阵列200位于发射照明元件100的上面。对于每个发射照明元件110有多个透镜340。因此,透镜阵列200的间距远小于发射照明元件110阵列的间距。在许多实例中,使用覆盖几个照明模块100的较大透镜阵列200更方便。
图6B示例说明具有前光学元件600的一对多照明系统的透镜阵列200的细节B。
图7示例说明具有薄膜前光学元件的照明系统700。在一个实施例中,支撑透明结构710位于发射照明元件110和薄膜720之间。支撑透明结构710提供发射照明元件110和薄膜720之间的必要空间以便薄膜720的光学属性产生所需效果。薄膜720能是例如由PhysicalOptics Corporation制造的LSD光整形漫射片(light shaping diffusersheet)。
在另一实施例中,支撑透明结构710位于薄膜720的上面。这防止薄膜720损坏或保护室外应用中的元件。根据所使用的薄膜720的类型,薄膜720能例如粘在位于发射照明元件110前面的支撑透明结构710上。
还能结合透镜阵列200使用薄膜720以便产生所需光学效果的组合。这可能是具有前光学元件400的一对一照明系统和具有前光学元件600的一对多照明系统。
在一个实施例中,薄膜720是表面起伏漫射膜,其是薄的(例如小于1mm厚)膜,以将改变发射照明元件110的发射轮廓以便产生圆形、方形、雪花、椭圆和其他效果的方式,生成其表面结构。与衍射光学元件不同,薄膜720不具有波长相关性。根据发射照明元件110的规格和所需光学效果来设计薄膜720。另外,薄膜720能是几个照明模块100大小或整个显示器大小的大薄片,以及能是均匀的或跨越薄膜上显示出不同光学属性。
在另一实施例中,使用均匀颜色的薄膜720并位于照明模块100的前面以便改变发射照明元件110的颜色。
在另一实施例中,使用某一密度的薄膜720并位于照明模块100的前面以便改变对比度。这种类型的薄膜720也可以用在室外应用中以便减少亮度和增强对比度,这提高了明亮太阳光环境下的观看。
在另一实施例中,薄膜720是具有特定涂层,诸如二向色涂层的薄的塑料或玻璃片,二向色涂层是能通过将不希望的波长反射回光源,充当短波通道、长波通道、带通或陷波滤光器的薄膜涂层。特定涂层的另一例子是长通涂层,其是通过长于截止波长的所有波长并阻挡所有更短波长的薄膜涂层。特定涂层的另一例子是短通涂层,其是通过短于截止波长的所有波长并阻挡所有更长波长的薄膜涂层。例如,为增加照明模块100的热稳定性,能将红外(IR)滤光器放在发射照明元件110前面。该IR滤光器反射存在于周围照明中的IR辐射,从而防止IR辐射到达照明模块100。使用IR滤光器、短通滤光器将增加设备的热稳定性,因为IR辐射将不能加热照明模块100。图像质量不受使用这种IR滤光器的影响。然而,其他二向色涂层能提高能见度和对比度。
在另一实施例中,有源元件,诸如光化学元件能被置于照明模块100的前面。光化学元件的属性是密度作为入射阳光量的函数而改变。当显示器用在室外环境中时,在各种太阳光条件下,这能用来优化用于每个照明级的对比度。
在另一实施例中,有源元件,诸如液晶显示(LCD)元件能放在照明模块100的前面。照明元件100能充当LCD面板的背光。通过适当驱动LCD元件,能产生所需光学效果,例如偏振来自发射照明元件110的光。
图8示例说明具有前光学元件的照明系统800,其由发射照明元件110的阵列和由各个透镜340的阵列组成的透镜阵列200形成。示出了透镜340的光轴810,其是与透镜340表面的对称轴相符的直线。D是发射照明元件110的阵列和透镜阵列200之间的距离。光学元件的间距是两个相邻元件的中心之间的距离。例如,发射照明元件110的阵列的间距PLED是两个相邻发射照明元件110的中心之间的距离。透镜阵列200的间距Plens是两个相邻透镜340的中心之间的距离。
为产生虚像,透镜阵列200的间距必须远小于发射照明元件110的阵列的间距,或Plens<<PLED。在该实施例中,每发射照明元件110有几个透镜340,其进一步如图5A所示。固定发射照明元件110的阵列的间距PLED。将Plens设计成避免或最小化本领域的技术人员熟知的Moiré效应。尽可能小地选择Plens,以便最小化Moiré效应。然而,更容易和更廉价地制造透镜阵列200使得它具有大的间距。
如果将透镜阵列200和发射照明元件110的阵列考虑成一系列小孔径,那么它们能被视为一系列方波。用于周期P=2L、频率f=1/2L,ω=2π/2L以及占空因子d=2c/2L的方波的傅立叶扩展如下:
f ( x ) = c L + 2 π Σ m = 1 ∞ ( - 1 ) m m sin { mπ c L } cos { mπ x L } = d + 2 π Σ m = 1 ∞ ( - 1 ) m m sin { mπd } cos { mωx } 其中:
2c:信号宽度
2L:方波的周期=工作间隔的长度(=2c)和暂停间隔的和
仅保留两个序列(即发射照明元件110的阵列的菲涅耳扩展以及透镜阵列200的菲涅耳扩展)的乘积中的差别项导致:
Figure A20051010718200132
Figure A20051010718200133
其中:
LLP:每像素间隔的透镜340数量,PLED=PP(每像素间隔mm=像素间距)*LIM(每单位长度的透镜340数量)
整数差将导致低拍频,而半整数因子将导致最高拍频。因此,发射照明元件10的阵列和透镜阵列200的间距之间的关系选择为:
PLED=(m+0.5)*Plens
其中,m是整数,以及m≥1
这不是唯一解决方案,因为m能采用几个值,同时在最小化透镜340的大小以便降低Moiré效应以及最大化透镜340的大小以便改进制作方便之间取得平衡。
当透镜阵列200中的透镜340的焦距在X轴和Y轴方向上相同时,将产生二维图像,而当焦距在X轴和Y轴方向不同时,将产生三维图像。
已知虚像的期望放大以及能用下述来描述(当将二维问题降低到一维问题,以及假定透镜阵列200浸入大气中):
M = D - f cos Θ f cos Θ = D f cos Θ - 1
其中:
D:发射照明元件110的阵列和透镜阵列200之间的距离
f:透镜340的焦距
Θ:偏离法线的观察角
通过下述关系,发射照明元件110的阵列和透镜阵列200之间的距离D能由透镜阵列200的厚度Dlens array以及希望在透镜阵列200和发射照明元件110的阵列之间的距离DLEN-lens来确定:
D=DLEN-lens-Dlens array
其中:
D:沿透镜阵列200的透镜340的光轴810测量的、发射照明元件110的阵列和最接近发射照明元件110的阵列的透镜阵列200的表面之间的距离
Dlens array:透镜阵列200的厚度,即沿透镜340的光轴810测量的、最接近发射照明元件110的阵列的透镜340的表面和离发射照明元件110的阵列最远的透镜340的表面之间的距离
DLEN-lens:沿透镜阵列200中的透镜340的光轴810测量的、发射照明元件110的阵列和离发射照明元件110的阵列最远的透镜340的表面之间的距离
已知透镜340的焦距,假定忽略透镜340的厚度,能由下述关系确定透镜340的所需曲率半径:
n 1 f 1 = n 2 f 2 = ( n lens - n 1 ) R 1 - ( n lens - n 2 ) R 2
其中:
nlens:透镜340的折射率
n1:物体介质,即发射照明元件110和透镜340之间的介质的折射率。物体介质可以是空气,但也能是一些类型的光学粘合剂。
n2:图像介质的折射率。图像介质将总是空气。
R1:透镜340的前面的曲率半径
R2:透镜340的后面的曲率半径
f1:透镜340的物体有效焦距
f2:透镜340的图像有效焦距
尽管上述数字公式描述了二维空间,存在描述三维空间的类似的关系。
图9示例说明菲涅耳透镜900的例子。衬底形状是平的矩形透镜910(如果圆柱),或平的盘状透镜920(如果径向)。衬底的一个表面由径向或矩形小平面形成,该小平面定义产生光功率的菲涅耳透镜900的轮廓。该轮廓由径向平的小平面(或如果使用子段,则为一系列平面)构成(未示出)。能使用菲涅耳透镜900来代替球面透镜和具有更薄和更轻的优点。然而,复杂的表面结构能导致虚像中的不完整性。菲涅耳透镜阵列由这种菲涅耳透镜900的阵列组成。
具有前光学元件400的一对一照明系统能设计成透镜阵列200的每个透镜340或菲涅耳透镜900的阵列的每个菲涅耳透镜900与发射照明元件110一对一匹配。因此,透镜阵列200的间距等于发射照明元件110的阵列的间距,或PLED=Plens。通过用户适当地选择透镜340的焦距并定位透镜阵列200,能将发射照明元件110的视角改变成所需角。由物体和图像距离确定观察锥体。物距、像距和焦距间的关系如下:
1 s 2 = 1 f + 1 s 1
其中:
s2:像距
s1:物距
f:透镜340的焦距(假定透镜阵列200浸入空气中,即,f1=f2=f)
图10示例说明梯度指数透镜(GRIN)1000的例子。GRIN透镜1000利用折射率梯度。在透镜的中心,折射率最高,以及随离轴的距离增加而减小。GRIN透镜1000通过透镜材料的折射率从光轴到透镜边缘的精确控制的径向变化来聚焦光。GRIN透镜1000提供经常小心制作磨光玻璃透镜上的曲率的备选方案。因为折射率在透镜材料内逐渐改变,能使光线平滑和持续地重定向到焦点。该指数梯度的内部结构能显著地降低严格控制表面曲率的需要,以及产生简单、小型透镜几何结构。GRIN透镜阵列能由GRIN透镜1000的阵列形成。
在许多应用中,改变发射照明元件110的最佳视角或改变发射照明元件110的观察锥体的能力是重要的特征。为实现这些特征,将具有前光学元件的一对一照明系统400设计成使用每发射照明元件110一个透镜340。因此,透镜阵列200的间距等于发射照明元件110的阵列的间距,或PLED=Plens。使透镜阵列200和发射照明元件110的阵列间的距离D尽可能小。这确保来自发射照明元件110的光线仅通过为它们设计的透镜340,而不是通过透镜阵列200中相邻的另一透镜。用有关产生所需观察锥体的方式来选择透镜340的焦距。
如果发射照明元件110是有机LED(OLED),优选GRIN透镜1000的阵列。因为改变折射率,能在GRIN透镜1000内产生所需光学效果。GRIN透镜1000不要求其他类型的透镜,诸如菲涅耳透镜800通常所要求的它与发射照明元件110之间,或GRIN透镜1000和显示器的观察者侧之间的气隙。气隙提供其他类型的透镜产生期望光学效果所需的必要折射率改变。
图11A示例说明单光导管1100。
图11B示例说明光导管阵列1120,其由光导管1100的阵列组成。光导管阵列1120能用来改变照明模块100的占空因数或视角。结合黑色基体410,也能使用光导管阵列1120来增加显示器的对比度。
在一个实施例中,将具有前光学元件400的一对一照明系统设计成对每个发射照明元件110有一个光导管1100。因此,光导管阵列1120的间距等于发射照明元件110的阵列的间距。通过用户选择适当的入口和出口孔径以及光导管1100的长度,能将发射照明元件110的视角改变成所需角度。
图12A示例说明表面起伏衍射光学元件1200的例子。这种光学元件的表面的一个例子是双态表面起伏衍射光学元件1210。
图12B示例说明表面起伏衍射光学元件1200的第二例子。这种光学元件的表面的另一例子是多层表面起伏衍射光学元件1220。
衍射光学元件(DOE)通称为衍射光栅。与依赖于折射和反射的传统光学元件相比,衍射光学元件通过衍射光来工作。衍射光学元件的唯一属性是能在单个元件中编码复杂光学元件的属性。衍射光学元件能执行不止一个光学功能。例如,它们能执行滤光、光束分割、聚焦等等的一个或多个的组合。一般来说,衍射过程不受设备的形状的影响。尽管厚度是一个设计参数,用微米测量它以及对波形因数具有最小影响。因此,衍射元件极其薄并避免了存在于典型光学系统中的孔径/重量折衷。它们的内在的薄和基本的衍射属性也允许在传统光学设备中不可能获得的唯一和极限形状因数。衍射光学设备能基于表面起伏结构或者使用全息在大容量介质中记录的薄的相栅。通过在光学部件的表面上直接编码起伏图案来制造表面起伏衍射光学元件。使用微型结构元件来构成该图案。可以使用诸如金刚石车削或光刻来构造这些结构元件。根据结构元件的厚度以及材料的折射率来操纵输入光的相位。DOE特征在于高效率、设计灵活性、体轻和小型。此外,能用低成本复制它们用于批量生产。
图13示例说明通过使用位于光源前面的光学元件,光学增强视频和/或照明系统的示例性方法1300。该方法允许通过组合光学元件而产生效果组合。能使视频和/或照明系统适合于不同操作环境,例如室内或室外。方法1300包括下列步骤:
步骤1305:确定使用环境
在该步骤中,确定使用视频和/或照明系统的环境。还确定如何观看该系统。例如,专用视频或照明系统可以在室内或室外使用,可以从下面或从几个角度观看,或可以在明亮的太阳光或晚上使用。方法1300进入步骤1310。
步骤1310:确定所需视频和/或照明效果。
在该步骤中,确定使用特定视频或照明效果。所需效果是视频或照明显示的应用,例如消息通知或娱乐的功能。所需效果还是其中将使用照明模块100的环境的功能,例如室内或室外。视频和/或照明效果可以包括但不限于二维放大、三维图像、增强对比度、调整亮度、漫射、颜色改变、改变的视角、改变的观察锥体以及修改的发射轮廓。方法1300进入步骤1315。
步骤1315:选择适当的光学元件来产生效果
在该步骤中,选择将最佳地产生所需视频或照明效果的光学元件。影响确定的因素是使用应用、环境和大小,以及成本和设计考虑。光学元件阵列可以包括但不限于球面或矩形透镜、菲涅耳透镜900、GRIN透镜1000、光导管1100、薄膜720以及衍射光学元件1200。方法1300进入步骤1320。
在步骤1320:确定光学元件阵列的特性
在该步骤中,确定将最佳地产生适合于应用、环境,以及意图使用的照明系统的所需视频和/或照明效果的光学元件阵列的特性。参数包括但不限于透镜340的折射率、透镜340的焦距、透镜阵列200的间距、透镜阵列200和发射照明元件110的阵列之间的距离、薄膜720的颜色、对比度增强元件,诸如黑色基体510或遮光阵列330、发射照明元件110的发射轮廓、最佳视角、大小和成本。例如,如果小型是视频和/或照明系统的重要特性,则可以使用薄且小的光学元件阵列。另外,如果价格是比大小更重要的考虑,则可以使用较大、更廉价的光学元件阵列来产生所需效果。方法1300进入步骤1325。
步骤1325:确定用于将光学元件阵列附着到照明模块的机构
在该步骤中,确定如何将光学元件阵列附着到照明模块100或置于照明模块100的前面。例如,视频和/或照明系统和光学元件阵列可以与显示器相同大小并由棘爪系统300、具有螺栓的固定机构,或甚至通过在固定距离将光学元件阵列放在视频和/或照明系统的前面,而不与视频和/或照明系统相接触而附着。在另一实施例中,如果视频和/或照明系统将用在不同应用中,可以使用与每个照明模块100相同大小的光学元件阵列并通过棘爪系统300附着到每个照明模块100,或通过光学粘合剂将光学元件阵列附加到照明模块100上。光学粘合剂具有通过限制光损耗而提高光学性能的优点,但其使用使得更难以容易地构造和拆卸临时视频和/或照明显示系统。方法1300进入步骤1330。
步骤1330:另一视频和/或照明效果?
在该判定步骤中,用户确定是否要求多个视频或照明效果的组合。对一些应用或环境,效果的组合是有用的,例如用于增加色彩,同时增加对比度或用于漫射光同时改变观察锥体。能通过使用光学元件的组合来产生效果的组合;例如,薄膜720能位于透镜340的前面。如果期望附加视频和/或照明效果,方法1300返回到步骤1310。如果不期望另外的视频和/或照明效果,方法1300结束。
本发明绝不限于作为例子给出并在附图中表示的上述实施例和方法,而是用于光学增强视频和/或照明元件的系统和方法。

Claims (12)

1.一种视频和/或照明系统,包括照明模块和位于包括照明元件阵列的所述照明模块前的至少一个光学元件,其中,所述视频和/或照明系统具有可松开附着装置,用于将所述至少一个光学元件附着到所述照明模块,用于所述视频和/或照明系统的模块化安装。
2.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,所述可松开附着装置由棘爪系统组成。
3.如权利要求2所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,所述棘爪系统由从所述光学元件的后面凸出的一个或多个插销和在所述照明模块的前面提供的互补插销唇组成。
4.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,所述光学元件由通过遮光元件彼此分开的透镜阵列组成,以及其中,所述插销从对比度增强元件凸出。
5.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,在包括所述可松开附着装置的支撑结构中提供所述光学元件。
6.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,所述可松开附着装置包括螺栓。
7.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,所述可松开附着装置由可松开粘合剂组成。
8.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,多个不同的相应光学元件可用于所述照明模块。
9.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,从包括下述的组中选择所述光学元件:传统的柱面或球面透镜、菲涅耳结构、光栅结构、滤光片、全内反射(TIR)结构、非线性光学元件,诸如梯度指数(GRIN)透镜、棱镜结构、偏光镜、枕型光学构造、光缆、光导管以及其他类型的光波导。
10.如权利要求1所述的视频和/或照明系统,其中,所述光学元件是光学元件的阵列。
11.一种用于光学增强视频和/或照明系统的方法,其中,使用照明模块和一组不同的相应光学元件,其中,一个或多个所述光学元件能以可松开方式附着在所述照明模块前,所述方法包括下列步骤:确定环境使用;确定期望的视频和/或照明效果;从所述组中选择适当的光学元件;以可松开方式,将所述适当的光学元件附着到照明模块。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,在将所述适当的光学元件附着到所述照明模块后,确定另一附加的期望视频和/或照明效果,在该功能中,从所述组中选择另一适当的光学元件,随后,将所述适当的光学元件附着到所述照明模块前。
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CN115240570A (zh) * 2022-08-03 2022-10-25 深圳市宏贯光电科技有限公司 一种led球型箱体及led球型显示屏

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