CN1745560B - 分布式数字天线系统及使用该系统的通信方法 - Google Patents

分布式数字天线系统及使用该系统的通信方法 Download PDF

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CN1745560B
CN1745560B CN2003801093963A CN200380109396A CN1745560B CN 1745560 B CN1745560 B CN 1745560B CN 2003801093963 A CN2003801093963 A CN 2003801093963A CN 200380109396 A CN200380109396 A CN 200380109396A CN 1745560 B CN1745560 B CN 1745560B
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CN1745560A (zh
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D·R·鲍曼
P·M·瓦拉
J·O·布伦南
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Commscope Connectivity LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25758—Optical arrangements for wireless networks between a central unit and a single remote unit by means of an optical fibre
    • H04B10/25759—Details of the reception of RF signal or the optical conversion before the optical fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25756—Bus network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25755—Ring network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/26—Cell enhancers or enhancement, e.g. for tunnels, building shadow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

搭接光学介质(如光纤)，以在需要无线电服务覆盖的任何地方提供天线端口。每个天线端口是双向远程单元，它从主单元接收数字光信号并将该信号转换成射频信号，以便通过远程单元发送。该远程单元接收射频信号，将其转换成数字信号，并与来自其它远程单元的信号相加，而后转换成光信号，以便传送到主单元。

Description

分布式数字天线系统及使用该系统的通信方法
相关申请 
本申请要求于2002年12月3日提交、题为“分布式数字天线系统”的美国临时申请No.60/430434的优先权，该申请与本申请共同转让，并通过引用结合于本文中。 
技术领域
本发明一般涉及通信领域，更具体地说，涉及通过分布式天线系统的通信。 
背景技术
在全球已经有各种类型的无线通信系统普及。例如，蜂窝通信系统覆盖大多数主要城市市区以及通过远程区域的主要高速公路。蜂窝系统允许具有蜂窝手机的个人与连接到公众交换电话网(PSTN)或某些其它通信网络的基站通信。 
与任何通信系统的情况一样，蜂窝系统可能会在基站信号无法到达的地方留下覆盖“漏洞”。该漏洞可能位于隧道、山谷、高楼之间的城市街道或任何其它射频(RF)信号受阻的地方。 
在这些覆盖漏洞所在地方设置额外的基站不总是可行的。不仅是因为设备成本，而且因为土地占用成本，所以架设基站的成本往往非常昂贵。此外，大的基站天线可能在物理或审美方面与现场区域不匹配。 
一种解决覆盖漏洞的方案是在需要覆盖但不保证设置或不期望设置基站的地方采用较小的远程天线。但是远程天线有个问题，即同轴电缆因存在衰减而无法长距离运行。由于存在此衰减问题，所以难以沿高速公路或通过隧道安装远程天线。采用转发器也不是可行的选择，因为这只会增加系统的费用和复杂性。因此现有技术中需要一种不受衰减问题困扰的分布式天线系统。 
发明概述 
本发明的实施例涵盖一种分布式数字天线系统，它具有主单元，用于将射频信号转换成数字光信号以及将数字光信号转换成射频信号。数字光信号通过光学介质传送到沿该光学介质以菊花链方式设置的多个远程单元。每个远程单元发送来自主单元的数字光信号的模拟表示并接收射频信号，该射频信号由该远程单元转换成数字光信号，以供主单元使用。 
附图简介
图1以框图说明根据本发明的分布式数字天线系统的实施例。 
图2以框图说明本发明的分布式数字天线系统的另一个实施例。 
图3以框图说明根据图1所示系统的远程单元的一个实施例。 
图4以框图说明根据图2所示系统的远程单元的一个实施例。 
优选实施例的详细说明 
本明的实施例提供一种数字分布式天线系统，它使通信系统能够填补覆盖漏洞，而无需支出额外安装基站的成本。方法是，将光缆分布设置以穿过需要覆盖的区域，并在期望的天线位置处搭接到(tapping into)该光纤上。 
本发明的实施例涉及作为远程单元和主单元之间通信手段的光纤。但是，可以任何光学介质(例如穿过空气的激光)来替代光纤。 
图1以框图说明根据本发明的分布式数字天线系统的实施例。该系统具有采用天线(110)在RF链路上执行通信的基站(100)。该基站采用任何适合的空中接口标准在RF链路上通信。例如，空中 接口标准包括下列之一：高级移动电话系统(AMPS)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)或全球移动通信系统(GSM)或任何其它适合的空中接口标准。 
RF链路由基站(100)用于向用户单元无线终端(150)传输的前向链路构成。用户单元(150)通过反向链路向基站(100)回传。用户单元(150)是移动台或诸如无线本地环路系统中的固定台。 
基站(100)具有发送器和接收器，以允许用户单元(150)与公众交换电话网络(PSTN)(130)通信。在一个实施例中，基站还将用户单元(150)链接到与其它基站通信的用户单元。在一个实施例中，基站(100)通过处理与多个基站的呼叫交换的移动交换中心连接到PSTN。 
主单元(101)通过RF链路(115)连接到基站(100)。在一个实施例中，此链路(115)是同轴电缆。其它实施例采用其它类型的连接，如空中接口或承载数字RF信号的光纤。转让给ADC电信公司的美国专利申请No.09/619431公开了数字RF信号，该申请通过引用结合于本文中。 
主单元(101)负责将来自基站(100)的RF信号转换成用于在光学介质上传输的光信号。主单元(101)还将接收到的光信号转换成RF信号，以便向基站(100)传输。在其它实施例中，主单元(100)还执行附加功能。 
一个或多个远程单元(105-108)通过以菊花链配置(daisy-chainarrangement)的光学介质，如光纤线路(120和125)连接到主单元(101)。远程单元(105-108)设在因未缺乏基站(100)覆盖而需要附加信号覆盖的地方。这些远程单元(105-108)通过远程单元天线(135-138)提供的RF链路与特定远程单元的覆盖区内的用户单元通信。 
出于说明的目的，图中显示了四个远程单元(105-108)。但是，替代实施例可采用其它数量的远程单元。如果只有小范围的地理区 域需要覆盖，则可采用少至1个远程单元(105)。如果远程区域中的高速公路需要附加的覆盖，通常采用四个以上的远程单元。 
图1的实施例对每个通信方向使用单独的光纤线路。每根光纤承载不同的波长。例如，从主单元(101)到远程单元(105-108)的光纤线路(120)承载波长λ1。从远程单元(105-108)到主单元(101)的光纤线路(125)承载波长λ2。在替代实施例中，每根光纤可承载相同的波长。 
从主单元(101)到远程单元(105-108)的光纤线路(120)承载供远程单元(105-108)传送的数字光信号。始于远程单元(105-108)的光纤线路(125)承载的数字光信号包含从各远程单元(105-108)接收的信号之和。随后讨论如何生成所述远程单元的和信号。 
图2以框图说明本发明的分布式数字天线系统的另一个实施例。此系统与图1所示实施例相似，所不同的是，远程单元(205-208)通过单个光学介质(220)连接到主单元(201)。 
图2所示的系统具有采用天线(210)通过RF链路进行通信的基站(200)。该基站可以采用任何空中接口标准通过RF链路进行通信。例如，上述空中接口标准可以是码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、全球移动通信系统(GSM)。 
RF链路由基站(200)用于向用户单元(250)传输的前向链路构成。用户单元(250)通过反向链路向基站(200)回传。用户单元(250)可以是移动台或诸如无线本地环路系统中的固定台。 
基站(200)具有发送器和接收器，它们允许用户单元(250)与公众交换电话网络(PSTN)(230)通信。基站还可以将用户单元(250)链接到正在与其它基站通信的用户单元。在一个实施例中，基站(200)通过移动交换中心连接到PSTN，所述移动交换中心处理与多个基站的呼叫交换。 
主单元(201)通过RF链路(215)连接到基站(200)。在一个实施例中，此链路(215)是同轴电缆。其它实施例采用其它类型 的连接，例如空中接口或承载数字RF信号的光缆。 
主单元(201)负责将来自基站(200)的RF信号转换成用于在光学介质上传输的数字光信号。主单元(201)还负责将接收到的光信号转换成RF信号，以便向基站(200)传输。在其它实施例中，主单元(201)还执行附加功能。 
一个或多个远程单元(205-208)通过以菊花链配置的光学介质，如光纤线路(220)连接到主单元(201)。远程单元(205-208)设在因未缺乏基站(200)覆盖而需要附加信号覆盖的地方。 
出于说明的目的，图中显示了四个远程单元(205-208)。但是，替代实施例可采用其它数量的远程单元。 
图2的实施例对往返于远程单元(205-208)的通信采用单条光纤线路(220)。这是通过承载多个波长的单根光纤(220)来实现的。例如，光纤线路(220)对从主单元到远程单元(205-208)的数字信号使用波长λ1。光纤线路(220)还承载使用波长λ2的数字和信号。该数字和信号是从远程单元(205-208)接收的信号之和。随后讨如何生成所述远程单元的这一和信号。 
图3以框图说明图1所示远程单元(105)的一个实施例。图1所示实施例的每个远程单元(105-108)在功能组成上基本相同。 
远程单元(105)通过天线(135)发送并接收RF信号。接收和发送电路均通过双工器(301)连接到天线(135)。 
替代实施例也可采用其它数量的天线。例如，一个实施例中采用三个天线来覆盖区域内的三个不同的扇区。 
天线(135)上接收到的模拟信号经双工器(301)分离后传递给模数转换器(305)。该模数转换器(305)通过定期该信号采样而将接收到的模拟信号数字化。采样操作生成所接收的模拟信号的数字表示。 
数字化的接收信号输入到加法器(315)，以便与来自菊花链中在前远程单元的数字化信号相加。因此，加法器(315)的输入耦合 到前一个远程单元的输出。加法器(315)的输出是和信号，该和信号耦合到后继远程单元的输入或主单元。因此，主单元接收由系统的远程单元(105-108)所接收的所有信号之和的和信号。 
主单元的数字信号耦合到数模转换器(310)。模数转换器(310)取模拟信号的数字表示并将其转换成模拟信号，以便通过天线(135)发送。 
光电转换器(320-323)设在远程单元(105)的光端口(330和335)处。每个光端口(330和335)具有各自耦合到光电转换器(320-323)的输入和输出。 
因为远程单元(105)处理通过光端口(330和335)进入的光信号所表示的电信号，所以光电转换器(320-323)负责将光信号转换成电信号，以供远程单元(105)处理。光电转换器(320-323)还负责将接收到的电信号从电的表示形式转换到光的表示形式，以便在光纤上传输。 
图4以框图说明图2所示远程单元(205)的一个实施例。图1所示实施例的每个远程单元(205-208)在功能组成上基本相同。 
远程单元(205)通过天线(435)发送并接收RF信号。接收和发送电路均通过双工器(401)连接到天线(435)。 
替代实施例也可采用其它数量的天线。例如，一个实施例中采用三个天线来覆盖区域内的三个不同的扇区。 
天线(435)上接收到的模拟信号经双工器(401)分离传递给模数转换器(405)。模数转换器(405)通过定期对该信号采样而将接收到的模拟信号数字化。采样操作生成所接收的模拟信号的数字表示。 
数字化的接收信号输入到加法器(415)，以便与来自菊花链中在前远程单元的数字化信号相加。因此，主单元接收系统的远程单元(205-208)所接收的所有信号之和的和信号。 
主单元的数字信号耦合到数模转换器(410)。模数转换器(410) 取模拟信号的数字表示并将其转换成模拟信号，以便通过天线(435)发送。 
光电转换器(420-423)设在远程单元(205)的光端口(440和445)处。每个光端口(440和445)具有各自耦合到光电转换器(420-423)的输入和输出。 
因为远程单元(205)处理的是通过光端口(440和445)进入的光信号所表示的电信号，所以光电转换器(420-423)负责将光信号转换成电信号，以便远程单元(205)处理。光电转换器(420-423)还负责将接收到的电信号从电的表示形式转换到光的表示形式，以便在光纤上传输。 
波分复用器(WDM)(430和431)设在每个光端口(440和445)处。WDM(430和431)执行将具有多个波长的多个光信号组合所需的光处理功能。WDM(430和431)还执行将单根光纤的多个波长分离到它们相应的信号路径所需的光解复用功能。 
总之，本发明的分布式数字天线系统在单个介质如光纤上提供了多个以菊花链方式链接的天线。该光纤可以沿其长度之上的任何地方搭接多次，从而为因成本而不允许架设基站的区域提供经济的无线电覆盖。 
根据上述原理，可以对本发明进行各种修改和变化。因此要明确，在所附权利要求的范围内，可以与上述不同的方式来实施本发明。 

Claims (23)

1.一种分布式数字天线系统，它包括：
主单元，其将第一信号转换成发送数字光信号，并将接收数字光信号转换成第二信号；
与所述主单元耦合的光学介质，用于承载所述发送数字光信号和接收数字光信号；以及
多个沿所述光学介质以菊花链方式连接的远程单元，以便每个远程单元发送所述发送数字光信号的模拟表示并接收射频信号，该射频信号由该远程单元转换成所述接收数字光信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述第一和第二信号通过光学介质、电介质或无线介质传输。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述光学介质是光纤。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于还包括与所述主单元耦合的基站，所述基站通过射频空中接口与用户单元通信。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于：所述基站发送所述第一信号并接收所述第二信号。
6.如权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于：所述基站将信号从所述主单元传送到公众交换电话网。
7.一种与耦合到数据网络的基站进行信号通信的分布式数字天线系统，所述系统包括：
主单元，其将来自所述基站的射频信号转换成数字光信号，以及将来自所述数字天线系统的数字光信号转换成射频信号，以供所述基站使用；
与所述主单元耦合的光学介质，用于承载所述数字光信号；以及
多个沿所述光学介质以菊花链方式连接的远程单元，以便每个远程单元通过空中接口发送作为来自所述基站的所述数字光信号的模拟表示的射频信号，以及通过所述空中接口接收射频信号，该接收射频信号由接收远程单元转换成数字光信号，以便所述主单元使用。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于：通过光学链路承载所述基站和所述主单元之间的所述射频信号。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于：所述光学介质是承载多个波长的光纤。
10.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于：所述光学介质是承载从所述主单元到所述多个远程单元的第一波长的第一光纤和承载从所述多个远程单元到所述主单元的第二波长的第二光纤。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于：所述第二波长承载表示从所述多个远程单元中的每个远程单元接收的信号之和的数字信号。
12.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于：所述多个远程单元中的每个单元包括：
通过所述空中接口传送所述射频信号的天线；
多个光电转换器，用于将输入到所述远程单元的前向链路数字光信号转换成前向链路数字电信号，以及将反向链路数字电信号转换成反向链路数字光信号以输出到所述主单元；
数模转换器，用于将所述前向链路数字电信号转换成所述模拟表示；
模数转换器，用于将所述接收射频信号转换成所述反向链路数字电信号；以及
加法器，用于将所述反向链路数字电信号与来自所述光学介质菊花链中的在前远程单元的反向链路数字信号相加，以生成和信号。
13.分布式数字天线系统中与基站进行信号通信的一种远程单元，所述远程单元包括：
采用空中接口标准传送射频信号的天线；
多个光电转换器，用于将来自耦合到所述基站的主单元和在前远程单元菊花链的输入数字光信号转换成前向链路数字电信号；
数模转换器，用于将所述前向链路数字电信号转换成所述模拟信号，以便由所述天线作为射频信号发送；
模数转换器，用于将来自所述天线的射频信号转换成反向链路数字电信号；以及
加法器，用于将来自所述模数转换器的所述反向链路数字电信号与来自所述在前远程单元菊花链的反向链路数字信号相加，以生成数字和信号。
14.如权利要求13所述的远程单元，其特征在于还包括：
第一光端口，其耦合到所述主单元或后继远程单元菊花链；以及
第二光端口，其耦合到所述在前远程单元菊花链。
15.如权利要求13所述的远程单元，其特征在于：所述多个光电转换器的第一光电转换器将来自所述在前远程单元菊花链的光和信号转换成所述数字和信号，以及第二电光转换器将来自所述主单元的光发送信号转换成所述前向链路数字电信号，以便通过所述数模转换器转换成模拟信号。
16.如权利要求13所述的远程单元，其中所述多个光电转换器还将反向链路数字电信号转换成数字光信号，每个数字光信号包括一个波长，所述远程单元还包括：
波分复用器，用于将含多个波长的所述输入数字光信号解复用成多个所述数字光信号，每个所述数字光信号具有所述多个波长中的一个波长，所述波分复用器还将多个数字光信号复用成一个含所述多个波长的输出数字光信号。
17.一种通过分布式数字天线系统进行通信的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
将来自基站的第一射频信号转换成数字光信号；
通过光学介质将所述数字光信号传送到沿所述光学介质以菊花链方式配置的多个远程单元；
在每个远程单元上将所述数字光信号转换成前向链路数字电信号；以及
将所述前向链路数字电信号转换成模拟信号，以便由至少一个所述远程单元作为第二射频信号发送。
18.如权利要求17的方法，其特征在于还包括如下步骤：
远程单元通过空中接口接收第三射频信号；
将所述第三射频信号转换成接收数字电信号；
将所述接收数字电信号与来自所述菊花链配置中在前远程单元的输入和信号相加；
将所述相加运算的结果转换成和数字光信号；
通过所述光介质发送所述和数字光信号；以及
将所述和数字光信号转换成第四射频信号，以供所述基站使用。
19.如权利要求17的方法，其特征在于：所述数字光信号包含多个波长，并且所述方法还包括将所述数字光信号解复用成各包括一个波长的多个光信号。
20.如权利要求18的方法，其特征在于还包括：所述基站在所述第四射频信号中将信息发送到公众交换电话网。
21.如权利要求18的方法，其特征在于还包括：将来自所述远程单元的多个单波长光信号复用成一个含多个波长的光信号。
22.一种用于与地理区域中无线终端通信的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
将前向链路信号传送到多个以光纤菊花链方式连接的远程天线；
在所述远程天线上将所述前向链路信号发送到所述无线终端；
在所述多个以光纤菊花链方式连接的远程天线上接收来自所述无线终端的反向链路信号；以及
将所述多个以光纤菊花链方式连接的远程终端中的每个远程终端上接收到的反向链路信号相加并予以转发。
23.一种供远程终端用于与地理区域中无线终端通信的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
将光信号转换成前向链路电信号；
将所述前向链路电信号转换成前向链路模拟信号；
将所述前向链路模拟信号发送到所述无线终端；
接收来自所述无线终端的反向链路模拟信号；
将所述反向链路模拟信号转换成反向链路数字信号；
将所述反向链路数字信号与通过光学链路以菊花链方式连接在一起的其它远程终端的其它反向链路数字信号相加；以及
将所述反向链路数字和信号转换成反向链路光和信号，以便传送到主单元。
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