CN1745036A - 碳材料和废气处理装置 - Google Patents
碳材料和废气处理装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1745036A CN1745036A CNA2003801094330A CN200380109433A CN1745036A CN 1745036 A CN1745036 A CN 1745036A CN A2003801094330 A CNA2003801094330 A CN A2003801094330A CN 200380109433 A CN200380109433 A CN 200380109433A CN 1745036 A CN1745036 A CN 1745036A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- carbon material
- carbon fiber
- activated carbon
- waste gas
- catalyst layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 42
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108091064702 1 family Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- VIJSPAIQWVPKQZ-BLECARSGSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-acetamido-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4,4-dimethylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid Chemical compound NC(=N)NCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(C)=O VIJSPAIQWVPKQZ-BLECARSGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091074834 12 family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMDBXMUQUYMWPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=O.[O] Chemical compound S=O.[O] OMDBXMUQUYMWPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKPSFPXMYGFAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Fe] WKPSFPXMYGFAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8609—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
- B01J20/205—Carbon nanostructures, e.g. nanotubes, nanohorns, nanocones, nanoballs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/26—Chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/468—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B01J35/58—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
- C01B17/74—Preparation
- C01B17/76—Preparation by contact processes
- C01B17/775—Liquid phase contacting processes or wet catalysis processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/46—Sulfates
- C01F11/464—Sulfates of Ca from gases containing sulfur oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1028—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/104—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20746—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/92—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/94—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
-
- B01J35/56—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Abstract
诸如铬或铁之类的金属材料加入到诸如活性碳纤维、活性炭、石墨、碳纳米管或纳米碳之类的碳材料中。所得碳材料用于除去废气中的有害物质(例如,硫组分)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使有害物质无害的碳材料,也涉及使用该碳材料的废气处理装置,所述有害物质包含于例如从各种焚烧炉中放出的废气,例如来自城市垃圾焚烧炉、工业废物焚烧炉和污泥焚烧炉、熔炉、锅炉、燃气轮机、发动机等。
背景技术
石灰石石膏法是设计用石灰石或熟石灰浆状物作为吸收剂收集废气中的硫组分作为石膏,迄今为止,它用作用于除去废气中的硫氧化物的方法。使用活性炭的干法吸收是已知的另一种方法。
根据上述石灰石石膏法,石灰石或熟石灰浆状物喷射到废气中,使废气湿润/冷却并同时吸收SOx。因此,大量的浆状物需要循环,而使浆状物循环又需要粉末和大量的水。
另一方面,使用干法,通过加热解吸附吸附在活性炭中的硫组分需要供给的大量的热。此外,在这种情况下,排出所得稀硫酸、吸附剂的耐久性等都产生了问题。因此,需要出现这样的脱硫装置:它不需要氧化硫的吸收器或大规模的设备,在脱硫过程中可以获得高浓度的硫酸,借助与石灰石石膏法中使用的相同设备低耗能地生产石膏。
因此,作为用于除去废气中SOx的装置,建议制备的脱硫装置是用于将废气中的SOx吸附到多孔碳材料如活性碳纤维上,利用多孔碳材料的催化作用和利用包含于废气中的氧氧化硫组分,然后从多孔碳材料中将氧化的硫分吸入水中以除去产物硫酸(参见日本专利申请公开号平11-347350)。
对于使用活性碳纤维的传统脱硫装置,用于吸附废气中的SOx的活性碳纤维槽安置在吸附柱中,废气从下面供应,在活性碳纤维的表面上将SO2氧化成SO3,所得SO3与供应的水反应,由此而产生硫酸(H2SO4)。
来自燃烧诸如煤或重油之类燃料的锅炉中的废气量很大。为了处理这种大量的废气,需要改善脱硫的效率。吸附柱纯粹的加大尺寸可以预期为一种措施,然而期望得到能够高效脱硫反应的活性碳纤维作为活性碳纤维。
本发明是根据上述情况完成的。本发明的目的是提供一种能够高效脱硫反应的碳材料以及利用该碳材料并具有简单、高效率脱硫装置的废气处理装置。
发明内容
设计用于解决上述问题的本发明碳材料是一种特征在于包含加入到碳材料中的金属材料或半导体材料的碳材料。
上述碳材料是特征在于所述金属材料包含铬、铱、钯、铂、铁、钴和银中的至少一种元素的碳材料。
上述碳材料为特征在于所述碳材料为活性碳纤维、活性炭、石墨、碳纳米管或纳米碳的碳材料。
上述碳材料为特征在于所述金属材料以1,000ppm或更少量加入的碳材料。
上述碳材料为特征在于所述碳材料在600℃~1200℃的非氧化气氛中热处理并且由此形成憎水性的碳材料。
上述碳材料用于脱硫反应,以除去废气中的硫分。
设计用于解决上述问题的本发明废气处理装置是包括废气流过的催化剂层和将水供应到催化剂层的水供应装置在内的废气处理装置,其特征在于所述催化剂层由上述碳材料构成。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明实施方案装备有脱硫反应装置的废气处理装置(硫酸生产类型)的示意性配置图。
图2是根据本发明另一个实施方案装备有脱硫反应装置的废气处理装置(石膏生产类型)的示意性配置图。
图3是根据另一个实施方案的脱硫反应装置的示意性配置图。
图4是催化剂层的示意性透过外视图。
实施本发明的最佳方式
下面描述本发明的实施方案,然而本发明并不是限制于这些实施方案。
下面的实施方案描述的碳材料包括加入到碳材料中的金属材料。
作为所加入的金属材料,适合的金属元素为元素周期表表中3族~12族金属元素,而且1族、2族或13~16族的金属或半导体元素是有效的元素。
例如,可以指定为金属组分的有如1族的钠(Na)或钾(K);2族的钙(Ca);4族的钛(Ti);5族的钒(V);6族的铬(Cr)或钨(W);7族的锰(Mn);8族的铁(Fe)、钌(Ru)或锇(Os)、9族的钴(Co)、铑(Rh)或铱(Ir);10族的镍(Ni)、钯(Pd)或铂(Pt)、11族的银(Ag);12族的锌(Zn)以及13族的铝(Al)。这些金属组分可以单独加入或以其中至少两种的混合物加入。
当以最终残余在碳材料中的浓度表示时,这些金属组分中的任一种以1,000ppm或更少的推荐量加入,更优选100ppm或更少。这是因为以超过1,000ppm的量加入并不会进一步提高加入的效果。
作为上述碳材料,例如可以指定的有碳基材料,如活性碳纤维、活性炭、石墨、碳纳米管和纳米碳。
金属组分加入到碳材料中的时间并没有限制。然而,建议合适地在例如作为起始材料的前体的碳化阶段进行加入;在330~550℃碳化温度使碳材料不溶化的步骤过程中;在激活碳化物形成孔的步骤过程中(如果是水蒸气激活则在750℃或更高温度下热处理,如果是二氧化碳激活则在850℃或更高温度下热处理);在煅烧活性碳化物的步骤过程中(600~1,200℃);或在将碳材料加工成板(例如,使碳材料通过热熔形成矩形或蜂窝状)过程中低温(约150~200℃)热处理步骤的过程中进行。
用于将金属组分加入到碳材料中的方法实例是浸入溶液形式的金属材料,喷射金属粉末,在热处理过程中与金属或金属化合物块(固体)一起煅烧,利用所加入的金属制备构成容器或炉子部件的材料,然后在热处理过程中将该金属转化成碳材料。
对于激活上述碳材料中的活性碳纤维,可推荐在600~1,200℃于非氧化气氛中热处理所述纤维,由此使纤维憎水。
煅烧温度越低,装置成本和运营成本则越低。然而,注意到在600℃或更低时,活性点并没有增加。因而,不优选这样的温度。
在下面实施方案中所使用的活性碳纤维的实例以及它们的制备实例将在下面描述。
作为在下面实施方案中所使用的活性碳纤维,例如可以指定的有沥青基活性碳纤维、聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维、苯酚基活性碳纤维以及纤维素基活性碳纤维。然而,并没有限制于任一种活性碳纤维,只要该碳纤维表现出上述催化剂作用即可。
下面是具体实施方案。在下列实施方案中,含有不同种类的碳的活性碳纤维A~C可用作碳材料。
<实施方案1>
在活性碳纤维A(2g)上喷洒含40mg Cr的试剂(CrNH4(SO4)2)粉末,并在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案2>
在活性碳纤维A(2g)的中心上喷洒2mL含40mg Cr的试剂(CrNH4(SO4)2)的水溶液,并在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案3>
活性碳纤维A(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Cr的试剂(CrNH4(SO4)2)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。浸渍在60℃进行3小时。
<实施方案4>
在活性碳纤维A(2g)的中心上喷洒2mL含40mg Cr的试剂(Cr(C2H3O2)3)的水溶液,并在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案5>
将不同种类的活性碳纤维,即活性碳纤维B(2g),浸入40mL含40mgCr的试剂(CrNH4(SO4)2)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。浸渍在60℃进行3小时。
由上述方法制备包括活性碳纤维在内的催化剂的脱硫活性用玻璃反应管进行评价。条件如下:反应温度:50℃;催化剂的量0.2g;处理气体的量:200mL N/min;入口SO2浓度:1,000ppm;氧浓度:4%;水浓度:相当于13%;余量:氮。
表1所示为实施例1~5中脱硫活性的评价结果。
<表1>
碳材料 | 金属组分 | 加入方法 | 脱硫率(%) | ||
实施方案 | 1 | 活性碳纤维A | Cr | 粉末加入 | 60.6 |
2 | 活性碳纤维A | Cr | 喷射 | 88.7 | |
3 | 活性碳纤维A | Cr | 浸渍 | 94.9 | |
4 | 活性碳纤维A | Cr | 喷射 | 72.2 | |
5 | 活性碳纤维B | Cr | 浸渍 | 87.1 | |
比较 | 1 | 活性碳纤维A | 无 | - | 29.2 |
如表1所示,掺入Cr的活性碳纤维作为金属组分(脱硫率:60.6%~94.9%)可显著增加脱硫效率,相比于不含金属组分的活性碳纤维的脱硫率(脱硫率:29.2%),其脱硫率增加1倍或更多倍。
尤其是根据实施方案3浸渍于金属组分Cr中的活性碳纤维可以获得高于90%的脱硫率。这是因为与用金属态的金属组分喷射相比,实施方案3的浸渍方法可使Cr均匀分布。在表1中的比较指的是比较实施例。
其次,使用不同于在实施方案1~5中所使用的活性碳纤维的活性碳纤维C,并且当加入除Cr外的其它金属时,研究脱硫率。
<实施方案6>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Cr的试剂(CrNH4(SO4)2)水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。该浸渍在60℃进行3小时(同样适用于下列实施方案7~15)。
<实施方案7>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Fe的试剂(FeOH(C3COO)2)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案8>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Ag的试剂(Ag(C3COO))的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案9>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Pt的试剂(H2PtCl6·6H2O)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案10>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Pt的试剂(H2PtCl6·6H2O)的乙醇溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案11>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Ir的试剂(H2(IrCl6·6H2O)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案12>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Ir的试剂(H2(IrCl6·6H2O)的乙醇溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案13>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Pd的试剂(Pd(NH3)Cl2·6H2O)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案14>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Mn的试剂(Mn(C3COO)2·4H2O)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
<实施方案15>
活性碳纤维C(2g)浸入40mL含40mg Ni的试剂(Ni(C3COO)2·4H2O)的水溶液中,然后在1,100℃温度于氮气气氛中煅烧20小时。
表2所示为实施方案6~15的脱硫活性的评价结果。
<表2>
碳材料 | 金属组分 | 加入方法 | 脱硫率(%) | ||
实施方案 | 6 | 活性碳纤维C | Cr | 浸渍 | 71.8 |
7 | 活性碳纤维C | Fe | 浸渍 | 24.1 | |
8 | 活性碳纤维C | Ag | 浸渍 | 40.0 | |
9 | 活性碳纤维C | Pt | 浸渍 | 22.5 | |
10 | 活性碳纤维C | Pt | 浸渍 | 41.7 | |
11 | 活性碳纤维C | Ir | 浸渍 | 56.9 | |
12 | 活性碳纤维C | Ir | 浸渍 | 52.6 | |
13 | 活性碳纤维C | Pd | 浸渍 | 26.3 | |
14 | 活性碳纤维C | Mn | 浸渍 | 16.2 | |
15 | 活性碳纤维C | Ni | 浸渍 | 47.0 | |
比较 | 2 | 活性碳纤维C | 无 | - | 13.0 |
如表2所示,活性碳纤维中掺入作为金属组分的尽管不是Cr而是Fe、Ag、Pt、Ir、Pd或Ni,但其脱硫效率也显著增加,与不含金属组分的活性碳纤维的脱硫效率(脱硫效率:13%)相比,其脱硫效率增加接近1倍或大于1倍。与不含金属组分的活性碳纤维相比,掺入Mn作为金属组分的活性碳纤维也增加了脱硫效率。表2中的比较指的是比较实施例。
下面,评价当作为金属组分加入的Ir的比例改变时的脱硫率。
<实施方案16>
除了将负载在载体上的Ir比例(即金属含量,%)改变成1重量%之外,以与实施方案11相同的步骤进行。
<实施方案17>
除了将负载在载体上的Ir比例(即金属含量,%)改变成0.5重量%之外,以与实施方案11相同的步骤进行。
<实施方案18>
除了将负载在载体上的Ir比例(即金属含量,%)改变成0.1重量%之外,以与实施方案11相同的步骤进行。
表3所示为实施方案16~18的脱硫活性的评价结果。
<表3>
碳材料 | 金属组分 | 加入比例 | 加入方法 | 脱硫率(%) | ||
实施方案 | 11 | 活性碳纤维C | Ir | 2重量% | 浸渍 | 56.9 |
16 | 活性碳纤维C | Ir | 1重量% | 浸渍 | 55.8 | |
17 | 活性碳纤维C | Ir | 0.5重量% | 浸渍 | 86.8 | |
18 | 活性碳纤维C | Ir | 0.1重量% | 浸渍 | 10.3 |
如表3所示,特别优选所加入Ir比例为0.5重量%的结果。下面根据图1描述废气处理装置,其装备有使用上述掺入金属组分的活性碳纤维的脱硫装置。
图1的废气处理装置适用于通过脱硫装置的脱硫功能除去废气中硫酸的硫氧化物。如图1所示,废气处理装置包括锅炉1,其用于产生驱动蒸汽涡轮的蒸汽;灰尘收集器2,其用于除去来自锅炉1的废气100中的灰尘;强制通风风扇3,其用于将除尘废气供应到脱硫柱4中(脱硫装置);增湿/冷却装置16,其用于在供应到脱硫柱4之前(或在柱中)的阶段冷却和湿化废气100;脱硫柱4(脱硫装置),其中由柱子底部侧壁中的入口5供应的废气100穿过安置在内部的催化剂层6,而水是由喷嘴7从催化剂层6上方供应以进行脱硫反应,由此使废气中的SOx以稀硫酸(H2SO4)脱除;烟窗13,用于将已脱硫并洁净的来自出口12的废气从脱硫柱4中的顶部排出到外部;硫酸槽11,用于储存由排出泵10从脱硫柱4中排出的稀硫酸。在需要之处,可以将除雾气器19嵌入在用于排出从脱硫柱4中放出的洁净废气的管子内,由此分离出废气中的水。
在锅炉1中,例如在炉子内燃烧诸如煤或重油之类的燃料以产生驱动蒸汽涡轮的蒸汽,所述蒸汽涡轮是产生热能的装置(未示出)。锅炉1的废气中包含氧化硫,而废气由脱硝酸装置(未示出)脱除硝酸,由气体加热器冷却,并由灰尘收集器2除尘。
强制通风风扇3将已除尘废气经由安置在脱硫柱4下面侧壁中安置的入口5引入到脱硫柱4中。由活性碳纤维层形成的催化剂层6安置在脱硫柱4的内部,而水从喷嘴7供应到催化剂层6中用于产生硫酸。水从上面供应,而废气从催化剂层6的下面穿过催化剂层6的内部,借此SOx经过反应从废气中去除。穿过催化剂层6内部的废气从出口12排出,并经过烟窗13释放到大气中。
其次,图2所示是另一个废气处理装置的实例。图2的废气处理装置适用于通过脱硫装置的脱硫功能以硫酸形式除去废气中的硫氧化物,并将石灰浆供应到硫酸中以产生石膏。
如图2所示,废气处理装置包括锅炉1,其用于产生驱动蒸汽涡轮的蒸汽;灰尘收集器2,其用于除去来自锅炉1的废气100中的灰尘;强制通风风扇3,其用于将脱尘废气供应到脱硫柱4中(脱硫装置);增湿/冷却装置16,其用于在供应到脱硫柱4之前(或在柱中)的阶段冷却和湿化废气100;脱硫柱4(脱硫装置),其中由柱子底部侧壁中的入口5供应的废气100穿过安置在内部的催化剂层6,而水是由喷嘴7从催化剂层6上方供应以进行脱硫反应,由此使废气中的SOx以稀硫酸(H2SO4)形式脱除;烟窗13,其用于将来自在脱硫柱4中的顶部的出口12的已脱硫且洁净的废气排出到外部;石膏反应槽52,其用于储存由排出泵10从脱硫柱4中排出的稀硫酸,并且供应石灰浆51以沉析石膏;沉降槽(增稠器)53,用于沉降石膏;以及除去水用的脱水器56,作为排水道(过滤道)57,其用于从石膏浆状物54中排出水以获得石膏55。
图1中的废气处理装置是为废气脱硫而配置的装置,并且以硫酸形式除去所得硫酸。图2中的废气处理装置是为将石灰浆状物51供应给硫酸以获得石膏浆状物54而配置的装置,然后为以石膏形式脱除而对石膏浆状物54脱水。
<脱硫装置的构造>
如图3所示,脱硫装置在脱硫柱4的侧壁(或底部)具有含硫氧化物的废气100的入口5,并且脱硫装置在催化剂层6的上方安置有作为生产硫酸用水供应器的喷嘴7,所述催化剂层6安置在脱硫柱4内并包括活性碳纤维层。而且,在脱硫装置中,用于校直供应废气100的带有分配孔41的校直板42在废气流动方向中安置在催化剂层6的上游。
图4是催化剂层6的示意性透视外视图。如图4所示,形成催化剂层6的一个单元的活性碳纤维层20由平行安置的扁平形式的扁平活性碳纤维板21以及把板21所形成空间分配成多个部分的分配活性碳纤维板22构成。由板21和22限定并形成晶格图案的多个空间垂直延伸,以限定矩形截面形状的多个通道15。
图3所示为单层状态的活性碳纤维层6。然而,这只是示意性表示,实际上,如图4所示活性碳纤维层6由多个层形成。
在图4中,相邻扁平活性碳纤维板21和21之间的距离为h,而相邻分配活性碳纤维板22和22之间的距离为p,因此,晶格图案中的通道15每个都是一侧为h而另一侧为p的矩形横截面形状。
水由喷嘴7喷洒供给到催化剂层6中,并且废气100同时从催化剂层6的下面供给。穿过活性碳纤维层20的水随着水转变成粒度约为几个毫米的粒子,而滴落在脱硫柱4内的底部。废气100流过由扁平活性碳纤维板21和分配活性碳纤维板22所形成的较大通道15。因此,限制了压力损失的增加。
此外,可以提供含有还原气氛的熔炉,并且在该还原气氛中在1,100℃或更低温度煅烧构成催化剂层6的碳纤维,从而再生该催化剂层6。
工业实用性
如上所示,本发明中,将诸如铬之类的金属组分添加到活性碳纤维中作为碳材料。因此,所得碳材料具有良好的催化活性,并且例如用作脱硫装置用催化剂材料时,优选所得碳材料。
Claims (7)
1.一种碳材料,其特征在于包含加入到碳材料中的金属材料或半导体材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的碳材料,其特征在于所述金属材料包含铬、铱、钯、铂、铁、钴和银中的至少一种元素。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的碳材料,其特征在于所述碳材料为活性碳纤维、活性炭、石墨、碳纳米管或纳米碳。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的碳材料,其特征在于所述金属材料的加入量为1,000ppm或更小。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的碳材料,其特征在于所述碳材料在600℃~1200℃下于非氧化气氛中热处理,由此形成憎水性。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的碳材料,其用于脱硫反应,以除去废气中的硫组分。
7.一种废气处理装置,其包括废气流过的催化剂层和将水供应到催化剂层的水供应装置,其特征在于所述催化剂层由权利要求1~6中任一项所述碳材料构成。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/015580 WO2005054126A1 (ja) | 2003-12-05 | 2003-12-05 | 炭素材料及び排煙処理装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1745036A true CN1745036A (zh) | 2006-03-08 |
Family
ID=34640435
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNA2003801094330A Pending CN1745036A (zh) | 2003-12-05 | 2003-12-05 | 碳材料和废气处理装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1726565A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1745036A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2513339C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005054126A1 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101766999B (zh) * | 2009-12-31 | 2013-06-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Nd2O3-ACF催化剂及制备方法和应用 |
CN102216241B (zh) * | 2008-12-08 | 2014-09-10 | 东洋炭素株式会社 | 碳材料的制造方法和碳材料 |
CN104411960A (zh) * | 2012-06-01 | 2015-03-11 | 曼柴油机和涡轮机欧洲股份公司 | 具有废气增压系统和废气再循环系统的内燃机 |
CN104826611A (zh) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 马鞍山市顺达环保设备有限公司 | 一种用于垃圾焚烧尾气处理的吸附剂及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009057127A1 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-07 | Patel Phirose | A system for effective storing and fuelling of hydrogen |
CN104776436B (zh) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-01-18 | 李胜然 | 垃圾焚烧装置 |
LU93013B1 (en) | 2016-04-04 | 2017-11-08 | Cppe Carbon Process & Plant Eng S A En Abrege Cppe S A | Process for the removal of heavy metals from fluids |
LU93014B1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | Ajo Ind S A R L | Catalyst mixture for the treatment of waste gas |
LU93012B1 (en) | 2016-04-04 | 2017-11-08 | Cppe Carbon Process & Plant Eng S A En Abrege Cppe S A | Sulfur dioxide removal from waste gas |
CN108568188A (zh) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-25 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 一种用于净化沥青熔化器及沥青储槽沥青烟气的方法 |
CN109084310B (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-01-07 | 余帅均 | 一种环保型垃圾燃烧发电设备 |
CN112275067B (zh) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-06-14 | 唐山净天环保科技有限公司 | 一种用于环保设备的废气处理输送装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1436245A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1976-05-19 | Kanebo Ltd | Catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and their pro duction |
JPS5018878B1 (zh) * | 1974-08-03 | 1975-07-02 | ||
JPS51130327A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1976-11-12 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Activated carbon fibers containing metallic oxide |
JPS6044012B2 (ja) * | 1978-06-27 | 1985-10-01 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 含硫黄有害ガス除去用吸着剤 |
FR2645143B1 (fr) * | 1989-03-28 | 1992-01-17 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Obtention de carbures de metaux lourds a surface specifique elevee |
DE3931420A1 (de) * | 1989-09-21 | 1991-04-04 | Bayer Ag | Katalysatoren auf der basis von metalldotierten kohlenstoffasern, deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
JP3860912B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-05 | 2006-12-20 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 排煙脱硫装置 |
JP2000157863A (ja) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-13 | Adooru:Kk | 空気浄化用活性炭及びその製造方法 |
JP2000219507A (ja) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-08 | Nippon Carbon Co Ltd | 親水性活性炭 |
JP3148892B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-07 | 2001-03-26 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 銀分散型炭素材料の製造方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-12-05 CN CNA2003801094330A patent/CN1745036A/zh active Pending
- 2003-12-05 WO PCT/JP2003/015580 patent/WO2005054126A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-12-05 CA CA002513339A patent/CA2513339C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-05 EP EP03777279A patent/EP1726565A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102216241B (zh) * | 2008-12-08 | 2014-09-10 | 东洋炭素株式会社 | 碳材料的制造方法和碳材料 |
CN101766999B (zh) * | 2009-12-31 | 2013-06-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Nd2O3-ACF催化剂及制备方法和应用 |
CN104411960A (zh) * | 2012-06-01 | 2015-03-11 | 曼柴油机和涡轮机欧洲股份公司 | 具有废气增压系统和废气再循环系统的内燃机 |
CN104826611A (zh) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 马鞍山市顺达环保设备有限公司 | 一种用于垃圾焚烧尾气处理的吸附剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1726565A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
CA2513339A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
EP1726565A4 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
CA2513339C (en) | 2009-10-20 |
WO2005054126A1 (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1278760C (zh) | 用于氧化氮的选择性催化还原的催化剂的制备方法 | |
US8470273B2 (en) | Device and method for processing cement kiln combustion exhaust | |
CN1097030C (zh) | 选择性氧化硫化合物成为元素硫的催化剂及其制备方法和用途 | |
CN1745036A (zh) | 碳材料和废气处理装置 | |
CN1212375C (zh) | 一种燃料油脱硫吸附剂及其制备方法 | |
JP2004034018A (ja) | 塗装装置および塗装方法 | |
CN108816233A (zh) | 一种用于苯催化氧化的铜钴复合氧化物催化剂的制备方法 | |
Zhang et al. | Simultaneous NO/CO2 removal by Cu-modified biochar/CaO in carbonation step of calcium looping process | |
CN1318526A (zh) | 废水处理方法及用于该方法的废水处理装置 | |
CN110479094A (zh) | 一种脱硫催化剂以及基于脱硫催化剂的烟气脱硫处理系统 | |
CN108722464A (zh) | 一种以氮掺杂二氧化钛为载体的Pd三效低温催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN105771967A (zh) | 一种金属氧化物-矾酸盐/凹凸棒土催化剂 | |
CN104492257A (zh) | 一种烟气综合处理系统 | |
CN1196514C (zh) | 气体中硫化氢的焚烧催化剂及制备、使用方法 | |
CN1085777C (zh) | 机动车湿法排气净化及其装置 | |
CN103933963A (zh) | 一种蜂窝状堇青石基氧化铈纳米管脱硫剂的制备方法 | |
CN1054015A (zh) | 处理气体排放物用的催化剂与处理这些气体排放物的方法 | |
US20060178263A1 (en) | Carbon material and flue gas treatment apparatus | |
CN207042249U (zh) | 光催化处理挥发性有机物的装置 | |
JP2004066009A (ja) | 炭素材料及び排煙処理装置 | |
KR101329828B1 (ko) | 암모니아 제거용 텅스텐/티타니아 촉매와 그 제조방법 | |
CN112844394A (zh) | 一种CuO-CeO2负载型催化剂的制备方法及在尾气NOx和CO无氧消除中的应用 | |
CN1750865A (zh) | 净化废气用催化剂及其生产方法 | |
CN1165911A (zh) | 用以净化柴油机尾气的催化剂 | |
JP2009149460A (ja) | 炭素質材料の表面改質方法、炭素質材料又は活性炭素繊維 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |