CN1725136A - 车辆用的电储存设备加热器 - Google Patents

车辆用的电储存设备加热器 Download PDF

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CN1725136A
CN1725136A CNA2005100764478A CN200510076447A CN1725136A CN 1725136 A CN1725136 A CN 1725136A CN A2005100764478 A CNA2005100764478 A CN A2005100764478A CN 200510076447 A CN200510076447 A CN 200510076447A CN 1725136 A CN1725136 A CN 1725136A
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battery
heater
vehicle
controller
storage device
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道格拉斯·X·朱
雅各布·马修斯
帕克斯·丹尼尔·马圭尔
帕特里克·L·帕吉特
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Priority to CN201410614455.2A priority Critical patent/CN104890524B/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615Heating or keeping warm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/008Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for heating the electrical propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/30AC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244Charge state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/246Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • F02N11/0866Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/14Starting of engines by means of electric starters with external current supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/06Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
    • F02N2200/064Battery temperature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract

一种用于电储存设备如高压牵引蓄电池的加热器系统,可以连接到外部交流电源上,只要系统保持连接到外部交流电源上,就能使蓄电池保持在适宜的温度。即使在极冷的气候条件下,蓄电池温度也能保持在保证车辆能够启动的水平。加热器系统包括设在蓄电池本身内的加热器。可将其它系统部件如交流/直流变换器和控制模块连接到蓄电池外部的蓄电池加热器系统上,使蓄电池加热器系统能够用作插件式部件,该插件式部件可以作为选项被包含于车辆内或者不包含在车辆内,或者可为一单独的部件,或者是与发动机气缸体加热器一起的组件。蓄电池加热器系统设计成使它可以只使用单个公共连接器就能与发动机气缸体加热器一起连接到交流电源。

Description

车辆用的电储存设备加热器
技术领域
一般地说,本发明涉及涉及车内电储存设备的热控制。具体地说,本发明涉及一种用于加热电储存设备的系统和方法。
背景技术
电动车和混合型电动车已经变得越来越受欢迎,可以满足燃料效率、环保运输的要求。这种车辆通常包含电储存设备,如高压牵引蓄电池,用于给电机供电,以便单独或与内燃机、燃料蓄电池发动机或其它主发动机一起驱动车辆。
当前可得到的电动车或混合型电动车趋于在中等温暖气候条件下更加有效地运行,而在极冷的气候条件下的效率较低。这是因为当蓄电池组的温度下降时(比如低于20℃左右),高压牵引蓄电池损失了能量。能量下降导致车辆性能、燃料经济效益以及可驱动性的下降。在极低温度下,高压牵引蓄电池的能量不足,即使连启动车辆也是不够的。
期望保持适宜的蓄电池温度,以保证在多种不同气候条件下运行的车辆的性能。因为蓄电池温度可能受到许多因素的影响,例如,蓄电池状况、蓄电池单元的温度、车辆停止时蓄电池的充电条件、环境温度,所以要将蓄电池温度保持在所期望的水平可能会是一种挑战。自供电蓄电池加热器只能够在较短的时间周期保持蓄电池的最低温度水平,因为可用来加热的功率值要受到蓄电池自身存储容量的限制。这样,当蓄电池需要在延长的时间周期加热时,或者当蓄电池需要加热到较高的温度以保证最优的车辆性能时,自供电蓄电池加热器是不适用的。
据此,需要一种系统,它可以将蓄电池温度保持在能够保证电动车或混合型电动车可靠启动的水平。还需要一种系统,它能够按照可控的方式保持合适的蓄电池温度,以保证最化的车辆性能。
发明内容
一般而言,本发明涉及一种蓄电池加热器系统,它能连接到高压牵引蓄电池外部的一个外部电源上,只要这个系统保持连接到这个外部电源上,所述蓄电池加热器系统就能够保持高压车辆蓄电池的适宜温度。所述外部电源比如可为单独的低压蓄电池,或者是车辆自身外部的电源。蓄电池温度可以保持在能够保证使蓄电池性能最优的水平,并且可以保持在可在任何气候条件下启动车辆的最低水平。高压蓄电池自身可为任何适宜的车辆蓄电池,如高压牵引蓄电池。
在一种实施例中,所述系统包括蓄电池加热器,比如包含热电加热器元件的加热器,将所述蓄电池加热器设在蓄电池系统自身内。另外的加热器部件,如变换器和控制器,可以连接到位于蓄电池系统的内部或外部的加热器上。保持其它系统部件在蓄电池系统的外部,使蓄电池加热器系统能够用作调制器部件,这个调制器部件能够很容易作为蓄电池自身的一部分,或者作为运行中车辆加热组件的一部分包括在所述系统内。另外,将变换器和/或控制器设在蓄电池外部,使得能够易于从不要求蓄电池加热的气候条件下运行的车辆上省略掉蓄电池加热器系统。
从下述说明书和附图能够最好地理解本发明的这些和其它的特征,下面是简要的描述。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明一种实施例蓄电池加热器系统的方块图;
图2是表示本发明另一实施例蓄电池加热器系统的方块图;
图3是表示一种与发动机气缸体加热器一起使用的蓄电池加热器系统实例的方块图
图4是表示本发明一种实施例控制蓄电池加热器用的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是表示本发明一种实施例蓄电池加热器系统100各部件的方块图。一般地说,本发明针对由外部电源供电的车辆蓄电池加热器系统100,所述外部电源比如是车辆外部的120伏交流电源、在高压蓄电池系统102外部的车辆上的辅助低压蓄电池或附属蓄电池,或其它的电储存设备。所述蓄电池系统102包括一个或多个蓄电池组。通过使用与高压蓄电池系统102分开的外部电源操作加热器系统100,本发明可保持蓄电池系统102是温暖的,当车辆裸露于寒冷环境时,可以调节蓄电池系统102的温度。
如图1所示,所述蓄电池加热器系统100包括加热器104,用于加热蓄电池组103。加热器104本身可以具有本领域公知且适宜的任何结构形式,适于调节蓄电池组103的温度。按照一种实施例,设置在蓄电池系统102中的多个电阻器或其它热电加热器元件用作加热器104。所述加热器104与蓄电池组103耦合。蓄电池组103本身比如可以是镍金属氢化物蓄电池、铅酸蓄电池或任何等效的电能存储设备。虽然以下的描述集中在蓄电池组上,但这种加热器系统可以应用到其它电储存设备,如超电容器上,而不偏离本发明的范围。
加热器系统100还包括变换器108。在图1所示的例子中,变换器108是交流/直流变换器,用于将从外部交流电源110输出的交流电压变换成较低电平的直流电压输出。交流电源110比如可以是来自车库内墙壁输出端口的电源。连接器112,比如一种常规的3股插头,使蓄电池加热器系统100与交流电源110相连。也可以将交流/直流变换器108的输出或者适宜的控制信号发送到控制器114,控制器114经一个或多个开关116,如继电器、机械开关、场效应晶体管等,控制加热器104的动作。按照一种实施例,控制器114还接收表示蓄电池温度、钥匙接通/断开条件(如钥匙是否在车辆点火中),以及交流/直流有效信号作为输入,并根据这些输入控制开关116的动作。
按照另一种方式,比如还可以用单独的低压蓄电池120或其它交流电源给控制器114供电。低压蓄电池120比如可以是常规的附属蓄电池,标称电压输出约为10-15伏。如果由低压蓄电池120给控制器114供电,即使在未将蓄电池加热器系统100连接到交流电源110时,控制器114也能监视蓄电池系统102的温度。工作期间,控制器114最好抽取极小的电流(比如1mA量级以下)。另外,通过把控制器114设置成间歇地抽取最小电流的睡眠模式,则有如以下详细描述的,控制器114可避免低压蓄电池120漏电。可以利用任何连接结构,如电气配线,把加热器系统100的各个部件连接在一起。
在图1所示的举例中,把控制器114和开关116设置在蓄电池系统102内,而可将交流/直流变换器108设置在车辆内蓄电池系统102外部的任何位置。交流/直流变换器108为较昂贵的部件;通过把交流/直流变换器108设在蓄电池系统102外部,就可以作为一个单独的部件,即车辆加热组件的一部分购买蓄电池加热器系统100,并且在寒冷天气不需要协助的车辆中,可以省掉这一部分。应予说明的是,如果期望,也可以系统中的其它部件(如控制器114和/或开关116)设在蓄电池系统102的外部,以便通过只在需要它的车辆内设置这些部件,进一步提高车辆的可调节性。图2表示蓄电池加热器系统100的另一实施例,其中把交流/直流变换器108和变换器114都设置在蓄电池系统102的外部。
此外,通过将交流/直流变换器108设在蓄电池系统102外部(如车辆发动机附近),与高压交流线路不同,只有低压直流电气线路需要穿过车辆的乘客车厢,这样就消除了可能的安全隐患。使交流/直流变换器108与蓄电池系统102分开,可使UL认证比较简单,因为只需要针对交流/直流变换器108进行这种认证,这与交流/直流变换器108包括在蓄电池系统102内的整体式蓄电池系统102的情况相反。
将蓄电池加热器系统100连接到交流电源110,只要保持这种连接,就可使蓄电池系统102加热的时间周期不受限制。与自供电蓄电池加热器相比,这是具有明显优点的,自供电蓄电池加热器加热蓄电池的时间周期是有限的。还有,因为交流电源110不受限制的性质,使蓄电池系统102能加热到较高的温度,而不会有电源耗尽的危险,从而能使蓄电池温度保持在可以启动车辆的水平。
应予说明的是,如果把辅助蓄电池用作外部电源,则变换器108可以是一个直流/直流变换器。当然,也可以省掉变换器108。
图3表示的蓄电池加热器系统100与一个发动机气缸体加热器200耦合。在极冷的地区,车辆通常要配备发动机气缸体加热器200,以在寒冷气候保持发动机能处与良好的工作条件下。与本发明的蓄电池加热器系统100类似,将发动机气缸体加热器200设计成能够与交流电源110相连。本发明的蓄电池加热器系统100的插件式设计,使她能够很容易地与发动机气缸体加热器200耦合到一起。
如图3所示,蓄电池加热器系统100和发动机气缸体加热器200两者都可以利用单独一个连接器112(如单个插头)连接到同一个交流电源110,这与使用两个分立连接器的情况不同。单个连接器112是适用的,因为蓄电池加热器系统100和发动机气缸体加热器200两者通常都要同时处在极冷的气候中。这将使车辆加热组件202形成一个整体,并且简化蓄电池加热器系统100和发动机气缸体加热器200与交流电源110的连接。可以作为一个插件式的车辆加热组件202一起提供蓄电池加热器系统100和发动机气缸体加热器200。
图4是表示本发明一种实施例的控制器114采用的控制蓄电池温度的控制过程250的流程图。如以上所述,控制器114可以接收与蓄电池温度和钥匙接通/断开条件对应的输入。控制器114还要检查是否正在接收交流/直流有效信号,以确定蓄电池加热器系统100是否连接到交流电源110。
在图示的控制过程250中,控制器114假定车钥匙没有处在车辆点火的状态中;即车辆处在钥匙断开条件(框252)。控制器114随后检查是否正在接收交流/直流有效信号(框254)。如果没有,控制器114假定蓄电池加热器系统100没有连接到交流电源110(框256)。例如,睡眠模式可以减小控制器114的电流抽取(框258)。在这种睡眠模式期间,控制器114等待所选时间周期(如2小时)(框260),然后苏醒(框262)。应予说明的是,如果期望的话,当车辆处在钥匙接通条件时,也可以使加热器工作,只需把蓄电池加热器系统100连接到交流电源110上即可。
如果控制器114正在接收交流/直流有效信号(框254),控制器114就会知道蓄电池加热器系统100被连接到交流电源110(框263)。然后,控制器114检查蓄电池温度(框264),以确定蓄电池温度是否小于所选的温度阈值(框265)。如上所述,选择所述温度阈值,以保证车辆将要启动和/或保证优化车辆性能。
如果蓄电池温度等于或大于该温度阈值,控制器114将要切换加热器104的状态,如果加热器104处在接通状态,则加热器104切换到断开状态;如果加热器104已经处于断开状态,则使加热器104仍处在断开状态(框256)。然后,控制器114进入睡眠模式(框258),如上所述,当控制器114在所选的时间周期以后苏醒时,再次地检查蓄电池温度。
如果蓄电池温度低于所述温度阈值(框265),表示蓄电池系统102需要加热,以达到它的期望温度。控制器114接通开关116,以讲加热器104连接到交流电源110(框268)。这时,加热器104处于接通条件(框270)。
随后,控制器114进入睡眠模式(框272)。本例中传送给加热器102的电量足够低,以使加热器104在睡眠模式期间仍旧保持接通状态,而不会有任何过热的危险。按照另一种方式,只在开关116再次断开前的一段预定的时间周期内,控制器114使开关116接通,而不必等待控制器114苏醒,离开睡眠模式。应予说明的是,如果由交流电源110给控制器114供电,而不由低压蓄电池120供电,控制器114就可以连续地监视蓄电池温度,而不是只在周期性的苏醒期间进行监视,这样就进一步优化了蓄电池系统102的供电,而没有过热的风险。
在图3所示的举例中,控制器114在所选的时间周期内(如2小时)一直保持在睡眠模式(框274)。然后,控制器114苏醒(框276),并检查是否正在接收交流/直流有效信号(框277)。如果没有,控制器114再次进入睡眠模式(框272)。如果控制器114正在接收交流/直流有效信号,表示蓄电池加热器系统100连接到交流电源110,则控制器114测量蓄电池温度(框278)。如果蓄电池温度等于或低于期望的温度阈值(框280),控制器114再次进入睡眠模式(框272),同时开关116闭合,借此,使电流继续流过加热器104,并且保持加热器104处于接通条件下。当然,如果在这一阶段蓄电池并非较长地接收交流/直流信号,控制器114打开开关116,使加热器104切换到断开条件。
如果蓄电池温度高于所述温度阈值(框278),表明蓄电池系统102处在等于或高于所期望的优化温度,因此不必使加热器114继续工作。因此,控制器114打开开关116,从交流电源110断开加热器104(框282),并将加热器104设置于断开条件(框256)。然后,有如上述那样,控制器114进入睡眠模式(框258),并苏醒之前延迟一段所选择的时间周期,以便再次检查蓄电池温度。
因此,本发明的蓄电池加热器系统通过连接蓄电池加热器到交流电源,可以独立地保持期望的蓄电池温度,而不用依靠它自己的内部电源。使用交流电源还使蓄电池加热器系统能与发动机气缸体加热器一起工作,并且,可以通过发动机气缸体加热器与电源的连接进行供电,因此不再需要单独的电源连接。本发明的蓄电池加热器系统的可调节性还使得它能够很容易地包含在指定的车辆内,或者从指定的车辆上拆开省略掉。
应能理解,在实施本发明过程中,可以使用本文所描述本发明各实施例的各种改型。下面的权利要求书意在限定本发明的范围,并且期望借此覆盖在这些权利要求及其等效范围内的方法和设备。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于加热车辆内电储存设备的系统,该系统与外部电源相连,它包括:
加热器,与电储存设备耦合;
开关,将外部电源选择性地耦合到加热器上;
控制器,接收与电储存设备的温度相应的输入,并且至少根据电储存设备的温度操作所述开关。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述加热器包括至少一个热电加热元件。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述外部电源是交流电源,并且所述系统与该交流电源连接。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,还包括交流/直流变换器,该交流/直流变换器可以连接到交流电源,并以可操纵的方式对加热器供电。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述控制器根据下述至少一种控制所述开关:电储存设备的温度、来自交流/直流变换器的交流/直流输出,以及钥匙接通/断开条件。
6.如权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述交流/直流变换器、开关和控制器中的至少一个设置在电储存设备的外部。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述外部电源是设置在车辆内的辅助电源。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中,还包括直流/直流变换器,它能连接到辅助电源上。
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