CN1717120A - 降噪头戴耳机 - Google Patents

降噪头戴耳机 Download PDF

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CN1717120A
CN1717120A CNA2005100779280A CN200510077928A CN1717120A CN 1717120 A CN1717120 A CN 1717120A CN A2005100779280 A CNA2005100779280 A CN A2005100779280A CN 200510077928 A CN200510077928 A CN 200510077928A CN 1717120 A CN1717120 A CN 1717120A
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noise reduction
signal path
conversation
headphone
path
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马克·伯杰龙
斯蒂芬·克伦普
小丹尼尔·M·高杰
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Bose Corp
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
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    • G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
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    • G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
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    • G10K11/1783—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1783—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions
    • G10K11/17837—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions by retaining part of the ambient acoustic environment, e.g. speech or alarm signals that the user needs to hear
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17853—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G10K11/17881—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
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    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17885—General system configurations additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
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    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/108—Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
    • G10K2210/1081—Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

一种有源降噪头戴耳机，具有与其相关的有源降噪、通话以及开关电路。

Description

降噪头戴耳机
技术领域
本发明涉及降噪头戴耳机(headset)，尤其涉及具有有源降噪电路和通话(talk-through)电路的降噪头戴耳机。
背景技术
美国专利No.6,347,146、No.6,597,792和No.6,831,984披露了有关的现有技术的内容。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面，一种降噪头戴耳机包括：一种有源降噪电路，用于提供有源降噪；通话电路，用于提供通话能力；以及开关元件，用于禁用降噪电路和通话电路的一方或双方。
在本发明的另一个方面，一种降噪头戴耳机包括：第一信号路径，包括有源降噪和通话；第二信号路径，包括通话而不包括有源降噪；选择电路，构造并且安排其选择第一信号路径或第二信号路径。
在本发明的另一个方面，一种降噪头戴耳机包括：有源降噪信号路径；以及通话信号路径，其包括麦克风和频率选择滤波器，用于过滤来自麦克风的输入，该滤波器被构造和安排为显著衰减不在语音频带中的频率。
在本发明的另一个方面，一种操作降噪头戴耳机的方法，该降噪头戴耳机包含有源降噪信号路径和通话信号路径，该方法包括：提供电力给有源降噪控制信号路径和通话信号路径；如果给有源降噪控制信号的路径的电力在第一阈值电平下，则禁用降噪控制信号路径。
附图说明
图1、2和3是框图。
图4A、4B、4C、4D和4E是示意电路图的各部分。
具体实施方式
参照图1，说明具有“通话”能力的有源降噪头戴耳机的框图。有源降噪(ANR)头戴耳机在美国专利4,456,675中讨论。ANR头戴耳机一般包括耳罩(earcup)，其在耳内(内耳，intra-aural)、耳上(耳上，supra-aural)或者耳周围(环耳，circumaural)吻合。耳罩提供了环境噪声的无源衰减。此外，ANR头戴耳机包括例如通过辐射抵消环境噪声的声能而显著衰减不希望的噪声的电子线路。ANR头戴耳机一般包括能与ANR头戴耳机的使用者进行电子通信的电子线路。在某些情况，ANR头戴耳机的使用者可能希望听到周围环境中的一些声音通信。例如，适用于军事应用的ANR头戴耳机的佩戴者可能希望不仅听到电子通信而且听到来自附近的人的语音通信。在此情形，可能希望具有“通话”能力，其一般包括头戴耳机外部的麦克风，拾取声音通信并且将声音通信注入电子通信流。
在图1中，线2以上的元件是头戴耳机的耳罩外的元件。线2以下的元件在头戴耳机的耳罩内部。电子通信端4耦合到音频EQ电路6和求和器8。音频EQ电路6耦合到求和器10。求和器10耦合到有源降噪补偿和增益电路12，其又耦合到开关14的“HV”(或ON)开关端14HV。由求和器16表示的环境声音包括声音通信和环境声音噪声。环境声音通过两个路径进入耳罩；一路径包括通话麦克风18，而另一路径是通过耳罩传输的声能。耳罩无源地衰减经过它传输的声能，如无源衰减模块20表示的。通话麦克风18耦合到通话频带限制滤波器21以及EQ和增益电路22，如存在就通过可选开关24耦合。通话EQ和增益电路22耦合到求和器8和10。求和器8耦合到开关14的“LV”(或OFF)开关端14LV开关端。以下将解释“HV”和“LV”术语。驱动器的和耳罩的声音特性(在图中未单独显示)表示为驱动器和耳罩声学模块26，其耦合开关14和求和器28。无源衰减模块20耦合到求和器28，求和器28声耦合到有源降噪麦克风30，有源降噪麦克风30耦合到求和器10。图1的框图显示各元件的示范安排。求和器8和10指在图1的电路的一元件的各信号的求和。求和器16和28表示声能的求和，声能分别产生在环境和由头戴耳机包围的体积中，而不在电路元件中。
图1的ANR头戴耳机的操作将在图2和3的讨论中描述。
图2说明图1的ANR头戴耳机的各元件，其在开关14在“HV”(ON)位置是有源的。组合的声音通信和环境中存在的环境噪声由耳罩衰减，如由无源衰减模块20表示的，并且在求和器28，变成如以下描述的反馈回路的一部分。来自元件4的电子通信在EQ电路6均衡。来自通话麦克风的信号在滤波器21被限制频带，并且由通话EQ和增益电路22处理。来自EQ电路6的均衡的电子通信信号，以及来自元件22的均衡、放大和限制频带的通话麦克风信号在求和器10求和。求和器10、ANR补偿和增益电路12、驱动器和声学模块26、求和器28、以及ANR麦克风30形成反馈回路，作为不对应电子通信信号或放大和均衡的通话信号的显著衰减声。如果开关24在OFF位置，通话特征基本上被禁用，并且头戴耳机操作为传统的反馈型ANR头戴耳机。在一些实施例中，元件22可包括去噪元件，用于减少代表环境声音噪声的信号的内容而不减少代表声音通信的信号的内容。辨别声音噪声和声音通信的方法和设备在美国专利5,768,473、美国专利5,699,436、美国专利5,481,615和美国专利5,105,377、美国专利申请2001/0046304和美国专利申请2002/0141599中公开。
其它ANR头戴耳机可使用代替反馈电路的前馈(feed forward)电路的ANR电路。
频带限制滤波器21可以是高通滤波器或带通滤波器。高通滤波器大约在语音频带的底端将会具有例如300Hz的截止频率。带通滤波器会具有近似语音频带的、例如300Hz到4.5kHz的通频带。在语音频带附近频带限制来自通话麦克风的信号，导致语音频带外的ANR衰减噪声，而启用代表在要与用户通信的语音频带内的频率的声音通信的信号。也可使用高通滤波器，因为通常希望抵消的多数噪声处于低频，并且因为通常ANR在低频比在高频更有效。
图3显示图1的ANR头戴耳机的各元件，其在开关14在OFF或“LV”位置是有源的。图1和2的有源降噪反馈回路基本上被禁用，并且头戴耳机操作为“通话”头戴耳机。对应来自通话麦克风的频带限制的均衡和放大的信号的声音向用户的耳朵辐射。通过滤波器21的频带限制促使用户听到声音通信，而同时仍然保持由无源衰减模块20表示的无源衰减。通过处于OFF位置的开关24，禁用通话特征并且头戴耳机操作为无源头戴耳机。通过图1的电路和开关14处于LV或OFF位置，电子通信端4可以有源。在一些实施例中，如以下描述的，LV开关位置可关联于在电子通信端4不存在信号的状态，因此电子通信端和对求和器8的耦合以虚线显示。在其它实现中，可配置电路，使得如果ANR电路不在运作，则电子通信电路起作用。
开关14和24可为手动的或自动的开关。在一个实现中，开关24被省略，使得通过开关14在HV位置(如在图2中)或在LV位置(如在图3中)，头戴耳机具有通话能力。在一个实现中，开关14是自动开关。如果向头戴耳机提供足够操作ANR电路的电力，则头戴耳机以在图2中所示的方式操作。如果向头戴耳机提供不足够操作ANR电力但是足够操作通话电路的电力，则头戴耳机以在图3中所示的方式操作。如果电力不足够操作ANR电路或通话电路，则头戴耳机能操作为无源降噪头戴耳机，类似于图3的头戴耳机，开关24在OFF位置。由于测量电力最方便地是由测量对头戴耳机提供的电压完成，因此“HV”指高电压而“LV”指低电压。可以配置头戴耳机，使得其可连接如控制台、连络用对讲电话装置(intercom)或车辆中的插座的通信设备，其提供操作ANR电路的电力和给头戴耳机的通信信号；因此如果头戴耳机不连接通信设备，则头戴耳机不接收电子通信信号。如果头戴耳机不连接通信设备，则在被提供足够操作通话电路的电源(如电池)的条件下，头戴耳机操作为通话头戴耳机，或在没有被提供足够操作通话电路的电源的条件下，头戴耳机操作为无源头戴耳机。
根据图1-3的头戴耳机比传统的具备通话能力的ANR头戴耳机具备优势。能提供给用户：具备或不具备通话能力的ANR；或具备或不具备ANR的通话能力；或既无ANR也无通话能力的无源衰减。开关可以是手动的，允许用户选择希望的特征组合，或可以自动方式实现，使得例如用户通过将头戴耳机连接通信设备或电源、或从通信设备或电源断开连接来选择特征。
参照图4A-4E，说明实现图1-3的有源降噪头戴耳机的电路示意图。图4A分别是电路的左上部分、右上部分、右下部分和左下部分。图4E的电路如所示在点“A”和“K”连接图4A的电路部分。点“L”和“M”连接与本说明书没有密切关系的元件。实现图1-3的各模块的电路元件由虚线围绕。
不脱离本发明的构思时，可以使用和脱离这里公开的特定设备和技术，包括以不同的顺序安排各元件。因此，本发明被解释为：包含这里公开而且只由权利要求书的精神和范围限制的每个新颖的特征以及各特征的每个新颖的组合。

Claims (16)

1.一种降噪头载耳机，其包括：
有源降噪信号处理路径，用于提供有源降噪；
通话信号处理路径，用于提供通话能力；以及
开关元件，用于禁用降噪信号路径和通话信号路径的一方或双方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降噪头戴耳机，其中开关元件是用于禁用降噪信号路径的，并且其中开关元件被构造和安排为要自动响应供给开关元件的电力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的降噪头戴耳机，其中在施加于开关元件的电力不足以操作降噪信号路径时，开关元件禁用降噪信号路径。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降噪电路，其中通话信号路径包括麦克风和用于过滤来自麦克风输入的频率选择滤波器，该滤波器被构造和安排为显著衰减在语音频带以下的频率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的降噪电路，其中滤波器还被构造和安排为显著衰减不在语音频带中的频率。
6.一种降噪头戴耳机，其包括：
第一信号路径，包括有源降噪和通话；
第二信号路径，包括通话而不包括有源降噪；
选择电路，被构造和安排为选择第一信号路径或第二信号路径。
7.一种降噪头戴耳机，其包括：
第三信号路径，包括有源降噪而不包括通话，其中选择电路被构造和安排为选择第一信号路径、第二信号路径或第三信号路径之一。
8.一种降噪头戴耳机，其包括：
有源降噪信号路径；以及
通话信号路径，其包括
麦克风和
频率选择滤波器，用于过滤来自麦克风的输入，该滤波器被构造和安排为显著衰减不在语音频带中的频率。
9.根据权利要求8所述的降噪头戴耳机，其中频率选择滤波器是高通滤波器。
10.根据权利要求8所述的降噪头戴耳机，其中频率选择滤波器是带通滤波器。
11.根据权利要求8所述的降噪头戴耳机，还包括用于从通话信号路径中的信号去除噪声的元件。
12.一种操作降噪头戴耳机的方法，该降噪头戴耳机包含有源降噪信号路径和通话信号路径，该方法包括：
提供电力给有源降噪控制信号路径和通话信号路径；
如果给有源降噪控制信号的路径的电力在第一阈值电平下，则禁用降噪控制信号路径。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于操作降噪头戴耳机的方法，其中，如果提供给有源降噪控制信号路径和通话信号路径的电力是在第二阈值之上，则禁用有源降噪控制信号路径并且将头戴耳机操作为通话头戴耳机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用于操作降噪头戴耳机的方法，其中，如果提供给有源降噪控制信号的路径和通话信号的路径的电力是在第二阈值频率以下，则禁用通话信号路径并且将头戴耳机操作为无源降噪头戴耳机。
15.根据权利要求12所述的用于操作降噪头戴耳机的方法，其中将电力提供给有源降噪控制信号路径和通话信号路径包括，从头戴耳机的外部源对降噪控制信号路径提供电力。
16.一种降噪头戴耳机，其包括通话信号路径，该通话信号路径包括用于接收表示环境声音的信号的元件，该环境声音包括环境声音噪声和声音通信，该通话信号路径包括噪声去除元件，用于减少信号中的环境噪声内容而不减少信号的声音通信部分。
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