CN1689345B - 具有受控wtru点对点通信的无线通信方法及系统 - Google Patents

具有受控wtru点对点通信的无线通信方法及系统 Download PDF

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CN1689345B
CN1689345B CN038235420A CN03823542A CN1689345B CN 1689345 B CN1689345 B CN 1689345B CN 038235420 A CN038235420 A CN 038235420A CN 03823542 A CN03823542 A CN 03823542A CN 1689345 B CN1689345 B CN 1689345B
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CN1689345A (zh
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高腾·G·雷迪
伯拉哈卡·R·季塔布
利昂德·卡萨凯费许
卡泰瑞莎·亨克勒
雅提·坎德拉
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0027—Transmission from mobile station to base station of actual mobile position, i.e. position determined on mobile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04W84/00—Network topologies

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Abstract

本申请提供一种无线传输及接收单元，经由网络基地台以在一无线网络中进行基础设施模式通信，以及，与其它这类无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信，该无线传输及接收单元包括无线电收发组件，其用以选择性地操作于一基础设施通信模式，借以与一网络基地台进行基础设施模式通信，以及，选择性地操作于一点对点通信模式，借以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信；以及一无线电收发控制器，用以基于与一网络基地台间的基础设施模式通信所接收的通信信号，并使用这些无线电收发组件，选择性地控制该无线传输及接收单元与其它无线传输及接收单元间的点对点模式通信。

Description

具有受控WTRU点对点通信的无线通信方法及系统
技术领域
本发明有关具有受控传输及接收单元(WTRU)点对点(peer-to-peer)通信的无线通信方法及系统。
背景技术
无线通信系统在本领域中是众所周知的。一般而言，这类无线通信系统具有通信站，借以在各个无线通信系统间传输及接收无线通信信号。根据无线通信系统的类型，通信站通常是下列两种类型中的一种类型，亦即：基站或无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，其包括移动单元。
在本发明中，术语“基站”包括但不限于：基站、节点B、站点控制器、接入点或无线环境的其它接口装置，借以使无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)能够无线访问基站所关联的网络。
另外，在本发明中，术语“无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)”包括但不限于：用户设备、移动台、固定或移动用户单元、传呼器、或能够操作于无线环境中的任何类型的装置。无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)包括：个人通信装置，诸如：电话、视频电话及具有网络连接的网际网络电话。另外，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦包括：便携式个人计算装置，诸如：个人数字助理(PDA)及具有类似网络功能的无线调制解调器的笔记本电脑。再者，便携式的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)或能够任意改变位置的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)称为移动单元。
通常，在基站网络中，各个基站能够与被适当配置的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)执行并行无线通信。其中，部分无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)被配置为彼此之间直接执行无线通信，亦即：不必经由基站在整个网络中进行中继。通常，这种方法称为点对点无线通信。另外，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦可以被配置为用于具有网络及点对点通信功能的多个网络中。
一种类型的无线系统，其亦可以称为无线局域网络(WLAN)，被配置为与配备有无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)执行无线通信，并且这些无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器亦可以与类似配备的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)执行点对点通信。目前，无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器由制造者集成于各种传统通信装置及计算装置中。举例来说，移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、及膝上型电脑内建有一个或多个无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器。因此，具有无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的这类无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间的无线通信需求便会与日俱增。举例来说，配备无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的个人数字助理的第一用户可能会想要与配置无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的移动电话的第二用户分享数据(诸如：电话簿)，并且，最好能够不经过既有的电信网络。
为达到上述及其它目的，具有一个或多个无线局域网络(WLAN)接入点，亦即基站的热门无线局域网络(WLAN)环境根据IEEE 802.11b标准加以建立。通常，这类无线局域网络(WLAN)的无线服务面积是受限于地理面积，俗称为“热点(hot spot)”。这类无线通信系统最好是部署于各种位置，诸如：机场、咖啡店及旅馆，其仅仅包括少数可能例子。另外，对这类无线通信网路的访问通常需要用户验证程序。目前针对这类无线通信系统的协议在无线局域网络(WLAN)技术领域中被标准化。已知这类无线通信系统的协议包括：IEEE 802家族的相关标准。
无线局域网络(WLAN)及其它类型网络中的无线通信是利用两种常见方法加以实施，亦即：(1)基础设施模式通信；以及(2)特别模式通信(ad hocmode)。图1A是表示基础设施模式通信的简单示意图，其中，各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是经由基站54进行无线通信，并且基站54做为网络基础设施16的接入点。如图中所示，基站54与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)18、无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)20、无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)22、无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)24、及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)26分别进行无线通信。在图1A中，各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)之间并不存在直接连接。另外，这些无线通信的协调及同步是利用基站54加以达成。这种配置亦可以称为无线局域网络(WLAN)上下文中的基本服务集(BSS)。
相对于基础设施模式通信，特别模式通信则可以不使用网络基础设施。特别模式通信是利用点对点通信加以达成，并且亦可以称为“独立基本服务集(BSS)”。在特别模式中，两个或多个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)在彼此间建立通信，并且可以不需要通过另一个协调网络组件(亦即：基站)。图1B是表示特别模式通信的简单示意图。另外，这个网络基础设施并不需要任何接入点。然而，基站亦可以被配置为具有特别模式通信协议，借以做为点对点通信中的其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)。在这种例子中，基站做为到另一个网络或因特网的桥接器或路由器。
当基站确实加入特别模式通信的网络时，该基站被当做另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，并且，通常不会控制无线通信流。举例来说，图1B示出了在特别模式通信的网络中、与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)18及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)20进行无线通信的基站54。在这种情况下，基站54并不会控制数据流。
在特别模式通信的网络中，通信通常会受限于其它基站，但是，一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)却可以经由第三者无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，轻易地与另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行间接通信。举例来说，如图1B所示，在特别模式中，当无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)22及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)24同时与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)26进行无线通信时，无线通信是发生于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)22及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)24之间。另外，当一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行特别模式通信时，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)通常会忽略基础设施模式通信的基站传输。另外，一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦需要激活特别模式通信，借以使其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)得以加入。当这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)加入特别模式网络时，其它基站亦需要吸收(assimilate)这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的操作参数信息。
激活特别模式通信网络的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)选择特别模式通信网络的操作参数，诸如：服务集识别码(SSID)、信道及信标时序，并且，举例来说，在信标帧中传输这些参数信息。当无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)加入特别模式通信网络时，这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便会吸收(assimilate)对应的操作参数。在基础设施模式通信中，参数(诸如：服务集识别码(SSID))通常由连接到网络基站的网络控制器加以指定。
在基于IEEE 802的系统中，服务集识别码(SSID)可以是32字符的唯一识别码，附加于通过无线局域网络(WLAN)传送的分组的报头。随后当无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)尝试连接基本服务集(BSS)或独立基本服务集(BSS)时，该服务集识别码(SSID)便可以做为密码。这个服务集识别码(SSID)足以区别各个无线局域网络(WLAN)，借以使尝试连接某个特定无线局域网络(WLAN)的所有基站及所有装置均能够使用相同的服务集识别码(SSID)。因此，装置将无法加入某个特定基本服务集(BSS)，除非这个装置能够提供对应的唯一服务集识别码(SSID)。
在基于IEEE 802的系统中，当不止一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)逐渐成为特别模式通信网络的一部分时，则所有无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便会将工作随机分派至各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，借以分担信标帧的传送负担。已知部分算法，诸如：发言人选举算法(spokesman election algorithm)可以指定，借以“选举”某个装置做为特别模式通信网络的主基站(亦即：伪基站)，相对于此，其它装置则是从属基站。
然而，开放的特别模式通信网络却常会出现基本上只能够自行控制的各种问题。举例来说，当大量无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)拥塞于狭小区域时，相互干扰便会明显增加，进而降低所有无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的总处理能力。另外，当过量的特别模式通信的无线装置群聚于某个热点的区域时，其是经由某个无线局域网络(WLAN)的基站提供服务，所有这类装置间的无线通信亦会受到妨碍，因为各种无线通信模式均具有频率、信道及可用频宽资源的限制。
再者，开放的特别模式网络亦会具有另一个缺点，亦即：这种开放的特别模式通信网络可能会影响无线局域网络(WLAN)运营商的商业模型。本申请发明人深刻了解到，若点对点特别模式通信在没有总体控制及监视的情况下开放，则无线局域网络(WLAN)运营商将会因为无法对无线局域网络(WLAN)的基础设施进行收费、但却仍然必须维持无线局域网络(WLAN)的基础设施(即使并非应用于基础设施模式的无线通信)，而造成大量的营业损失。有鉴于此，本发明的主要目的便是提供一种混合操作模式，其中，点对点通信被控制及/或监视。
另外，本申请发明人亦深刻了解到，这种混合操作模式亦可能会达到其它各种优点。举例来说，移动无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)将可以前进至信号品质极差的区域，其中，无线网络通信可能是断断续续的，或者，无线网络通信可能根本不复存在。在这种情况下，本发明的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便可以利用混合操作模式，借以将无线通信传递至另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，其直接与某个网络基站进行无线通信。
发明内容
本发明包括一种应用无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的方法及系统，可以同时具有特别模式通信及基础设施模式通信的操作模式。
根据本发明，一种无线传输及接收单元经由网络基站以在无线网络中进行基础建模式通信，以及与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点通信。这种无线传输及接收单元包括：收发信机组件，其被配置为选择性地操作于基础设施通信模式中，借以与网络基站进行基础设施模式通信，以及选择性地操作于点对点通信模式中，借以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信。这些收发信机组件具有无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器，借以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点通信。
另外，这种无线传输及接收单元亦包括：收发信机控制器，其被配置为基于在与网络基站的基础设施模式通信中所接收到的通信信号，选择性地控制该无线传输及接收单元与其它无线传输及接收单元间的点对点模式通信。优选地，这个收发信机控制器被配置为控制这些收发信机组件，借以基于服务品质(QoS)准则，切换于基础设施模式通信及点对点模式通信之间。
优选地，该收发信机控制器被配置为具有用于点对点模式通信的所选定的缺省控制界限，该所选定的缺省控制界限能够基于与网络基站的基础设施模式通信所接收到的通信信号而被替换。另外，该收发信机控制器选定的用于点对点模式通信的缺省控制界限包括：点对点模式通信的最大周期，以及点对点模式通信的容许数据流量类型的相关限制。或者，该收发信机控制器亦可以被配置为基于与网络基站的基础设施模式通信所接收到的设定，控制各个点对点模式通信。
通常，该无线传输及接收单元是移动单元。并且该收发信机控制器随后被配置为控制所述收发信机组件，借以基于该移动单元的地理位置的估计，切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。在这种情况下，该无线传输及接收单元优选能够包括：全球定位系统(GPS)，用以产生该移动单元的地理位置的该估计。
优选地，所述收发信机组件亦可以被配置为选择性地作用于中继模式，借以在经由基础设施通信模式的网络基站及经由点对点通信模式的另一无线传输及接收单元间中继无线通信。在这种情况下，该收发信机控制器优选被配置为基于服务品质准则，控制所述收发信机组件以作用于该中继模式。
用于无线传输及接收单元的无线通信的各种方法，该WTRU具有收发信机组件，该收发信机组件被配置为选择性操作于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式。与其它无线传输及接收单元的点对点通信模式是基于与网络基站的基础设施模式通信接收的通信信号，进行选择性地控制。
在一种方法中，所选定的缺省控制界限用于点对点模式通信，并且这些默认值可以基于与网络基站的基础设施通信所接收到的通信信号进行替换。另外，点对点通信的最大周期及点对点通信容许的数据流量类型限制亦可以包括于点对点通信模式的缺省控制界限。
另外，无线局域网络调制解调器用来与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信。优选地，该无线传输及接收单元的收发信机组件是基于服务品质准则，切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。另外，这种方法亦包括：基于该无线传输及接收单元的地理位置的估计，将所述收发信机组件切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间，其中，该无线传输及接收单元是移动单元。在这种情况下，该无线传输及接收单元最好具有全球定位系统，用以产生该移动单元的地理位置的该估计。
另一种方法包括WTRU收发信机组件被配置为选择性地作用于中继模式，借以在经由基础设施通信的网络基站及经由点对点通信的另一无线传输及接收单元间来中继通信。在这种例子中，这些WTRU收发信机组件最好能够控制，借以基于服务品质准则作用于中继模式。
另外，本发明亦提供一种无线网络，其提供与多模式无线传输及接收单元的受控无线通信，如先前所述。这个无线网络包括：至少一基站，该基站具有收发信机，其被配置为选择性地操作于与多模式无线传输及接收单元的基础设施通信模式中。另外，这种无线网络亦具有控制器，其被配置为经由与无线传输及接收单元的基础设施模式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输。优选地，这个控制器经由与无线传输及接收单元的基础建模式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输，借以基于服务品质准则，切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。
当这些无线传输及接收单元具有缺省控制界限时，这个网络控制器最好被配置为提供替换控制信号来替换用于点对点模式通信的所选定的预设无线传输及接收单元控制界限。当这些无线传输及接收单元具有无线局域网络调制解调器，借以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信时，这个网络控制器被配置为经由与无线传输及接收单元的基础设施模式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输，借以控制这个无线传输及接收单元与其它无线传输及接收单元间的点对点模式通信。
当至少部分无线传输及接收单元是移动单元时，这个控制器最好被配置为经由与移动单元的基础设施模式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输，借以基于这个移动单元的地理位置的估计及/或拥塞状态的估计，控制这个移动单元以切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。在这种情况下，这个网络可以具有处理组件，其是基于这个移动单元的传输接收，用以产生这个移动单元的地理位置的估计。另外，这些无线传输及接收单元亦可以传送测试分组，借以产生拥塞状态的估计。
另外，本发明提供一种无线网络的无线通信方法。其中，具有多模式无线传输及接收单元的受控无线通信是如先前所述那样提供。这种方法包括：由处于基础设施通信模式中的网络基站传输控制信号至无线传输及接收单元，借以控制这个无线传输及接收单元与其它无线传输及接收单元的点对点通信。优选地，这些控制信号传送至这个无线传输及接收单元，借以基于服务品质准则，切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式间。
所选定的缺省控制界限用于点对点模式通信。在这种情况下，这些缺省值优选基于网络基站传输的控制信号加以替换。优选地，点对点模式通信的最大周期，以及，点对点模式通信的容许数据流量类型的相关限制亦可以被包含作为用于点对点模式通信的缺省控制界限。
熟习此发明领域的人士，经由下列说明及附图，当能够轻易了解本发明的其它目的及优点。
附图说明
图1A是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其操作于一种基础设施网络操作。
图1B是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其操作于一种特别网络操作模式。
图2是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其操作于一种允许两个无线传输及接收单元及基站的混合模式。
图3是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其操作于一种允许多个无线传输及接收单元、基站及各种障碍物的混合模式。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图对本发明进行详细说明，其中，类似的标号是表示类似的组件。基站、无线传输及接收单元、及移动单元的用语具有广泛意义，如先前所述。本发明提供一种无线存取网络，其具有一个或多个网络基站，借以提供无线传输及接收单元的无线访问服务。另外，本发明是特别适用于移动单元，亦即：移动无线传输及接收单元，当这些移动单元进入及/或前进至各个基站所提供的各个地理覆盖范围时。
根据本发明，无线传输及接收单元被配置为具有点对点通信模式，并且最好是配备有无线局域网络调制解调器，借以在类似配备的无线传输及接收单元间直接交换信息。这些无线传输及接收单元具有集成的或安装式的无线局域网络装置，诸如：IEEE 802(b)(WiFi)或蓝牙兼容装置，借以在彼此间进行无线通信。然而，本发明的方法亦可以适用于任何实施点对点通信模式、并具有至少一网络基站的无线系统。
举例来说，请参考图2，第一用户31被示为正操作具有安装的802.11(b)无线局域网络卡35的分组个人电脑类型(Packet PC-type)电话装置的第一WTRU 33。这个无线传输及接收单元33经由基站25而连接至无线电信网络27。这个无线传输及接收单元33是经由天线34，借以与基站25进行射频(RF)信号的传送及接收。这个分组个人电脑类型(Packet PC-type)的电话装置33，诚如典型电话装置，包括具有电话簿38的数据库。
另外，如图2所示，第二用户35被示为正操作于具有内建式的掌上型装置(其具有内建式802.11(b)无线局域网络36)的第二无线传输及接收单元37，诸如：移动电话。这个无线传输及接收单元37亦可以经由天线39传送及接收的信号，借以与无线电信网络27进行连接。第二用户35可能会想要与第一用户31交谈，或者，可能会想要存取或复制第一无线传输及接收单元33的电话簿38。由于无线传输及接收单元38、37均具有一个无线局域网络调制解调器，并且，亦同时具有电话网络界面，因此，第一用户31及第二用户35便可以利用802.11(b)无线网络、或利用这个无线电信网络27，进行彼此间的点对点模式通信40。因此，本发明便需要决定欲使用的通信模式类型。
借由将无线传输及接收单元间的无线通信由基础设施模式通信平移至点对点模式通信，这个无线电信网络27便可以节省大量电信网络资源，进而实现服务容量的增加。另外，这种方法亦可以具有降低的干扰及/或节省功率的优点，其是利用电池功率的移动无线传输及接收单元的重要考量。
根据本发明较佳实施例，决定是否绕过通信网络并采用点对点技术的决定可以由这些无线传输及接收单元做出，但是，亦可以由该通信网络做出。另外，这个决定可能会考量各种因素。举例来说，一种决定因素是这些无线传输及接收单元及通信网络的基站间的服务品质。就这一点而言，做为决定因素的服务品质具有广泛意义，并且，可以利用多个准测决定，包括：无线信号品质、功率消耗、及/或通信成本。
目前，经由移动网络的无线通信可能会大于经由家庭或办公室局域网络的无线通信，但是，这类局域网络间亦可能会具有变动的成本因素。优选地，本发明的较佳实施例设定一个服务品质临界值，借以在最低成本的无线通信下，得到想要的无线信号品质。当考量功率消耗时，其是直接相关于移动无线传输及接收单元的电池寿命，做为触发信号以切换无线通信的期望的无线信号品质，可能会因为相对的成本因素，随着各个局域网络及特别模式网络有所不同。另外，当一个无线传输及接收单元是做为另一个无线传输及接收单元模式通信的中继时，这个无线传输及接收单元的收发信机控制器的临界值亦可以调整，举例来说，基于可利用电池寿命及无线传输及接收单元自有通信的目前状态。
另外，设定服务品质临界值的另一种准则可能是无线通信的类型，举例来说，第一用户31及第二用户35间的语音通信，或者，无线传输及接收单元33至无线传输及接收单元37的电话簿数据传输。在部分较佳实施例中，基于是否可以利用一种或两种通信类型，本发明亦可以设定不同的服务品质临界值。视频游戏的通信是表示另一种通信类型，其服务品质临界值可以设定以优先使用点对点模式通信。
在第三代合作计划(3GPP)系统中，服务数据单元(SDU)的大小及优先级亦可以用于其它参数及准测，借以决定服务品质的决定因素临界值。另外，其它参数亦可以包括最大、平均、及支持数据速率；数据延迟；延迟变动；及分组错误。
再者，可以用来决定服务品质的决定因素临界值借以切换于点对点技术或基础设施网络通信间的另一种可变准则包括：各个基站间的距离。配备有全球定位系统的无线传输及接收单元将可以提供这类数据。或者，距离信息亦可以经由已知的定位技术得到，诸如：到达时间差异(TDOA)、或适应性天线技术，其中，至少有一固定点是已知，诸如：基站天线的位置。优选地，各种准则的组合加以利用，其包括：在可接受数值范围内，维持无线信号的品质。
再者，可以用来决定服务品质的决定因素临界值借以切换于点对点技术或基础设施网络通信间的另一种可变准则包括：一个或多个网络基站服务的特定地理区域的通信流量。特别是，点对点的信号发送量最好能够具有上限，借以避免无线局域网络的相互干扰。
在特定地理区域的通信流量的决定可以利用无线传输及接收单元传送小分组至网络基站以测试拥塞状况，亦即：相互干扰的程度。在特定地理区域内，点对点模式通信的切换决定可以至少基于这类测试分组所得到的相互干扰程度。随后，各个无线传输及接收单元便可以控制点对点模式通信的切换，其最好是基于服务该区域的网络的设定临界值。有鉴于此，这个网络便可以利用目前流量负载做为一种准则，借以决定切换服务类型的临界值。当流量负载改变时，这个网络的设定临界值亦可能会随着改变。服务相关地理区域的网络基站，随后，会将这些新临界值经由空气接口广播至各个无线传输及接收单元，借以提供无线传输及接收单元的收发信机控制器使用。
图3是表示一种网络环境400的简单示意图，其中，一种混合模式用来延伸网络405的网络基站406的服务区域。有鉴于各种障碍，诸如：射频(RF)不透明墙面408、房屋409、及/或办公大楼411，网络基站406可以利用光束成形天线407以仅仅服务选定的地理区域401、403，借以使这些区域成为经由基站406的网络基础设施模式通信的“热点”。即使未利用光束成形天线407，这些区域401、403及其它未阻碍区域，由于这些干涉障碍，亦可能是具有特定服务的可接受无线信号品质的少数区域。在这类网络环境400中，位于障碍区域(诸如：墙面408)的一个无线传输及接收单元402可能无法与无线电信网络405进行基础设施模式通信，而另一个无线传输及接收单元404，其与基站天线407大约等距离，则可以与无线电信网络405进行基础设施模式通信。另外，一个障碍物，诸如：无线传输及接收单元410及无线传输及接收单元402间的墙面408，亦可能成为特别网络模式通信的阻碍。利用习知系统，无线传输及接收单元402，当位于图3所示的位置时，将无法与无线传输及接收单元410进行任何模式的无线通信。然而，利用本发明的混合模式，无线通信则可以利用无线传输及接收单元404做为中继。
由于无线传输及接收单元402并没有位于与无线网络405能够直接进行基础设施模式通信的地理位置，因此，当这个无线传输及接收单元402想要与无线传输及接收单元410进行无线通信时，这个无线传输及接收单元402必须传送信标信号以表示与这个无线传输及接收单元410的识别码建立特别模式通信的请求，借以首先尝试直接与这个无线传输及接收单元410建立特别模式通信。由于障碍墙面408的存在，这种尝试，在图3的情况下，将会失败。这种通信失败可以利用预定次数的连接失败来表示。随后，这个无线传输及接收单元402便可以切换至混合模式。根据用户偏好，这个无线传输及接收单元402可以被配置为自动发生这个切换动作，或者，经由用户的介入。
根据本发明的较佳实施例，这个无线传输及接收单元402可以传送信标信号以表示请求与目前执行基础设施模式通信的无线传输及接收单元建立连接的参数，以及表示这个无线传输及接收单元识别码以搜寻通信的一个参数，进而激活混合特别模式网络。“加入”这个混合特别模式网络的无线传输及接收单元将会经由基础设施模式连接，将识别码参数传送至这个无线网络，其接着会尝试与识别的无线传输及接收单元建立基础设施模式通信。
在图3所示的例子中，无线传输及接收单元402是与无线传输及接收单元404激活混合特别模式网络，其是经由与基站406的基础设施模式通信，将无线传输及接收单元410的识别码传递至网络405。随后，这个网络405便会利用习知方式，经由基站或关联网络，尝试与识别的无线传输及接收单元进行通信，如习知技术所示。在图3所示的例子中，由于无线传输及接收单元410是位于基站406的热点中，因此，网络405将会发现无线传输及接收单元410，并与无线传输及接收单元410建立基础设施模式通信。无线传输及接收单元402及无线传输及接收单元410间的通信主体是利用无线传输及接收单元404做为中继，同时利用特别模式通信及基础设施模式通信进行传送，其中，无线传输及接收单元404会视情况需要，在这两种通信模式间适当地转换主体通信数据的协议及格式。优选地，被配置为具有混合模式通信的所有无线传输及接收单元均会具有适当的转换处理电路，并且，其操作将会无视于无线传输及接收单元的用户。
再者，除了组合特别模式通信及基础设施模式通信的混合模式以外，无线局域网络(WALN)的特别模式最好能够具有某些限制、网络控制、或其组合。本申请发人明已观察到，未受控制的点对点模式通信可能会对无线局域网络运营商产生负面影响。另外，未受控制的特别模式通信亦会对网络安全造成危害，诸如：恶意用户可能会将无用的数据传输充斥于特定通信区域，进而影响通信资源的合法利用。因此，特别模式及/或混合特别模式应具有一种或更多种控制限制。
并且，这类限制并不见得要通过网络控制方式达成，并且，亦可以被编程到无线传输及接收单元的特别模式点对点通信模式的配置中。这类限制的例子包括：限制特别模式通信于特定数目的无线传输及接收单元、限制这类通信的最大数目、及限制点对点模式通信的数据流量类型。另外，想要的限制最好能够被编程为无线传输及接收单元中的默认值，并且，最好能够允许网络去替换这些默认值。
替换限制默认值是特别模式通信的一种网络控制。或者，综合的网络控制亦可以实施，借以要求无线传输及接收单元的特别模式通信的网络许可。通常，当特别模式网络的至少一无线传输及接收单元亦与网络进行无线通信时，这类网络控制是激活状态。优选地，这类无线传输及接收单元是称为特别模式网络的“主控”无线传输及接收单元，其可以将“主控”指定由未与控制网络进行通信的激活无线传输及接收单元平均至另一个特别模式通信的无线传输及接收单元。随后，这个“主控”无线传输及接收单元便可以轻易地将特别模式网络的统计数据，诸如：连接长度、连接无线传输及接收单元的识别码、连接类型等等，回报给控制网络。
网络控制特别模式通信的无线传输及接收单元的优点是，这个网络可以利用无线传输及接收单元做为网络资源，进而增加整体的网络通信容量。另外，当无线传输及接收单元亦与网络进行无线通信时，这个网络亦可以针对特别模式服务或加强服务进行追踪及/或收费。
当网络监视特别模式通信准测(诸如：无线信号品质及/或无线传输及接收单元分开距离)时，若两无线传输及接收单元是位于网络基站的范围内，如图2所示，则这个网络亦可以将两个无线传输及接收单元间的通信由特别模式通信切换至基础设施模式通信。当组合网络能力以监视整体通信流量时，这个网络选择性切换无线传输及接收单元通信模式的能力便可以提供一种有效配置网络资源的工具，并且，维持单独通信的想要无线信号品质。
这类混合及受控特别模式是特别适用于配备无线传输及接收单元的无线局域网络，其是利用IEEE 802.11技术以执行点对点模式通信，但是，亦可以利用其它类型点对点模式通信系统的无线传输及接收单元。另外，这种控制网络亦可以根据IEEE 802.11b标准，被配置为利用基础设施模式接入点基站的无线局域网络。然而，本发明亦可以实施于各种无线通信网络系统，诸如：时分双工(TDD)或频分双工(FDD)无线电话系统，其中，与网络基站进行通信的无线传输及接收单元亦能够执行点对点模式通信。

Claims (16)

1.一种无线传输及接收单元，被配置成用于基础设施模式无线通信和点对点模式无线通信，该无线传输及接收单元包括：
收发信机组件，其用以以选择性地操作于一基础设施通信模式，借以与一网络基站进行基础设施模式通信，以及，选择性地操作于一点对点通信模式，借以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信；以及
收发信机控制器，用以基于与基站间的基础设施模式通信所接收的通信信号，并使用所述收发信机组件控制该无线传输及接收单元与其它无线传输及接收单元间的点对点模式通信。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，该收发信机控制器被配置为具有用于点对点模式通信的所选定的缺省控制界限，所述所选定的缺省控制界限能够基于与该基站间的基础设施模式通信所接收到的通信信号而被替换。
3.如权利要求2所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，用于点对点模式通信的所述所选定的缺省控制界限包括：点对点模式通信的一最大周期，以及，点对点模式通信的容许数据流量类型的一相关限制。
4.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，所述收发信机组件包括无线局域网络调制解调器，借以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信。
5.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，所述收发信机控制器基于服务品质准则，并使用所述收发信机组件，切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，该无线传输及接收单元是移动单元，并且，所述收发信机控制器被配置成基于该移动单元的地理位置的估计来控制所述收发信机组件切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。
7.如权利要求6所述的无线传输及接收单元，还包括：
全球定位系统，用以产生所述移动单元的地理位置的估计。
8.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，所述收发信机组件被配置成选择性地工作于传递模式，借以在经由基础设施通信模式的网络基站及经由点对点通信模式的另一无线传输及接收单元间传递通信，并且所述收发信机控制器被配置成基于服务品质准则来控制所述收发信机组件以工作于该传递模式。
9.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其中，所述收发信机控制器基于与网络基站的基础设施模式通信所接收的设定来控制各个点对点模式通信。
10.一种无线传输及接收单元的无线通信方法，该无线传输及接收单元具有收发信机组件，所述收发信机组件被配置为选择性地操作于用于与网络基站进行基础设施模式通信的基础设施通信模式和用于与其他无线传输及接收单元进行点对点通信的点对点通信模式中，该方法包括下列步骤：
基于与一基站间的基础设施模式通信所接收的通信信号并使用所述收发信机组件，选择性地控制与其它无线传输及接收单元的点对点模式通信。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括下列步骤：
使用用于点对点模式通信的所选定的缺省控制界限，并基于与基站间的基础设施模式通信所接收到的通信信号来替换用于点对点模式通信的所述所选定的缺省控制界限。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，用于点对点模式通信的所述所选定的缺省控制界限包括点对点模式通信的一最大周期，以及点对点模式通信的容许数据流量类型的-相关限制。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，无线局域网络调制解调器用于与其它无线传输及接收单元的点对点模式通信。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括基于服务品质准则，切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括基于所述无线传输及接收单元的地理位置的估计及/或拥挤估计，将所述收发信机组件切换于基础设施通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。
16.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述收发信机组件被配置成选择性地工作于传递模式，借以在经由基础设施通信模式的一网络基站及经由点对点通信模式的另一无线传输及接收单元间传递通信，并且该方法还包括下列步骤：
基于服务品质准则来控制所述收发信机组件以工作于该传递模式。
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