CN1659029A - 气囊和制造气囊的方法 - Google Patents

气囊和制造气囊的方法 Download PDF

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CN1659029A
CN1659029A CN03812863.2A CN03812863A CN1659029A CN 1659029 A CN1659029 A CN 1659029A CN 03812863 A CN03812863 A CN 03812863A CN 1659029 A CN1659029 A CN 1659029A
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CN100423936C (zh
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约翰·伯杰
霍尔格·圣-丹尼斯
诺贝尔·胡贝尔
约尔格·鲁舒尔特
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Global Safety Textiles GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括纺织表面结构的两层气囊，所述层彼此相对并环绕形成至少一个可填充气体的腔室。每层具有面向外侧的表面。该气囊的特点是在所述表面涂覆有涂层(1)，该涂层适于密封和加强气囊。

Description

气囊和制造气囊的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气囊，其包括两层纺织片状织物，这两层织物彼此相对并环绕形成至少一个可填充气体的腔室，每层织物具有面向外侧的表面，本发明还涉及一种制造这种气囊的方法。
背景技术
所使用的气囊织物的技术性能由织物的密实结构而获得。为了得到所需要的强度和密封性，所述织物必须被制造成合适的高密度(highset)，这是因为材料消耗量高导致制造昂贵。完全织造或整体纺织织物(OPW)的气囊需要满足耐冲击性能，换言之，至关重要的是使气囊内的压力保持某一段临界持续时间，即，气囊必须没有泄漏。为实现此目的，这样的气囊被纺织地非常密实，主要在于改变两层部分到单层部分的过渡部分中的织法，以得到例如高的织物撕裂强度或梳状拔出力(comb withdrawal force)。
由于在很多情况下，以这种方法制造的气囊织物仍然不能表现出足够的抗泄漏性能，因此通过一成本较高的工序在织物上添加了附加薄膜，这么做的唯一目的就是密封织物上的微孔，以实现必需的抗泄漏性能。一方面，这样织造的气囊由于其纺织方法而非常昂贵。另一方面，由于复杂的涂覆工序而进一步增加了气囊的费用。
因为其高密度，所以加工这样的织物是一个缓慢并因此花费较高的工序。
公知的气囊织物的另一个缺点是因为其高密度和较慢的纺织工序，所以纱线的负荷相应地较高。因此，在纺织中线从上端到下端位置的转变过程中且反之亦然，由于高密度使得线彼此经常且剧烈地摩擦，损害了纺织质量(毛细损坏，起毛，起球，断线等)导致较高的损坏率。另外，在多数情况下纺织过程中线的损坏造成了织机停工，同样由于需要加工速度不断提高，导致效率严重下降，这反过来进一步增加了已经非常高的制造成本。
所述气囊的另一个缺点是，由于其高密度以及因为气囊织物相应较厚的织物厚度，所以需要保证成品气囊在折叠状态下的一定的包装体积。由于高密度使得织物或者气囊变得较硬，这进一步对织物的加工产生了不利的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制造低成本的气囊，并避免或至少大大减少现有技术中的缺点，同时提出一种制造这种气囊的方法。
该目的首先可以由权利要求1中所说的气囊来实现。根据本发明的气囊的制造成本明显比现有技术所公知的气囊的成本低。通过使气囊织物层表面上的涂层面向外侧，以适于形成气囊的抗泄漏性和强度，则气囊的纺织片状织物就可以纺织得相对较松。以这种方式加强气囊意味着涂覆气囊以实现非常高的强度、抗泄漏性，且是织造的关键。可以说织物本身形成内外结构的气囊及其至少一个腔室，也就是说织物的抗泄漏性和强度并不主要是因为加工，即通过涂覆(例如，以薄膜的形式)而构成的。因此，织物的密度就可以进行大幅度的尺寸调整。所以，例如，整体纺织织物(OPW)的单层部分可以(较简单的)平纹纺织方法被制造得坚固且紧密，而不是目前的巴拿马织法。利用与在这种情况下提出的平纹纺织方法相同的编织方法，能大大地减小在从单层到两层部分的临界过渡区域处的剪切力在织物上的载荷，从而大大地减小设置在织物上的涂层分离或损坏的危险性，即泄漏的危险性。根据本发明的气囊满足了所需要的气密性，因而确保了至关重要的耐压持续时间。
另外一个优点是平纹纺织的表面更平滑，改善了涂层的粘结，并进一步减小了泄漏的危险。因为密度较低且因而织机的生产率较高，所以气囊织物和整体纺织织物(OPW)在车间和精加工过程中有利地能被非常便宜地制造和加工。由于线头脱落较少，以及由于线彼此之间的磨损较少，因此纱线材料上的负荷被显著地降低，使得缺陷(毛细损坏，起毛，起球，断线等)大幅度地减少从而极大地提高了产品质量。因为使得由于纱线缺陷造成织机停工时间大大减少，因而效率得到了充分地提高。
根据本发明的气囊的另外一个优点是减少了在折叠状态下的包装体积。本发明使得密度尽可能地减小，从而可以减小布面涂覆系数，并增加织物的柔性使其感觉更柔软。因此，在生产过程的后续步骤中可以更好地加工由织机织出的织物。
本发明的其它特征和优点参见附属权利要求。
本发明的目的可以进一步由权利要求8所述的方法来实现。为此，对将热塑性塑料膜热轧到表面上的优点进行了具体的说明，这使得关键在于通过压力作用使织物变平，由此提供了用于辊压膜的更宽阔的接收表面。换言之，这个相对简单的技巧使得有可能得到更平滑的表面，以更好地使涂层和织物之间接合。
通常，作为上述表面的例如编织的、针织的或网状纺织片状织物的表面，例如结构上并不平滑而是“凸凹不平的”，因而没有连续的平整接触表面可用于涂层(例如，以膜的形式)。纺织片状织物的线只是在其凸凹不平的结构的表面上“起波纹”，由此例如在编织织物中，线圈的最高点突出于所述表面，而线圈的最低点位于织物较深处。
已知可以用流体、膜、类似膜的材料或层压材料等来涂覆纺织片状织物，从而例如提高抗老化性和/或抗泄漏性和/或减小渗透性和/或摩擦等等。当这样的纺织片状织物受机械的、液压的或气压的负荷过大，则纺织片状织物与涂层之间的接合会被破坏，这甚至会导致纺织片状织物的完全失效。
如权利要求9中所述，根据本发明的方法的另一个有利的方面是以低成本涂覆纺织片状织物的方法，尤其涉及机织织物、气囊机织织物和气囊以实现纺织片状织物与它们的涂层之间更好的接合。通过电晕处理和等离子处理以及氟化作用来显著地改善纺织片状织物的接合性。例如在德国的实用新型DE 298 05 999 U1中所述和讨论的，在电晕和等离子处理中，静电吸力被激活从而极大地提高了应用在纺织片状织物上的物质的接合。在纺织片状织物的氟化过程中，在表面上发生可再现的、干式化学反应，其中氢原子被氟代替，从而形成允许进行机械和化学接合的更长期有效(longer-active)的表面。
根据本发明的方法的另一个有利的方面，纺织片状织物涂覆有硅酮薄膜，利用氟气对该硅酮薄膜的朝向远离纺织片状织物的表面进行处理。这种氟化作用形成了接近完全平滑的表面，几乎消除了任何硅酮/硅酮粘结。
这一优点对于待折叠的气囊尤其有用，这是因为它不再需要目前所需的脱模剂。
附图说明
以下将参照附图以实施例的方式对本发明进行简要说明，其中：
图1为根据本发明的气囊的织物层的横截面图。
图2为说明根据本发明如何将热塑膜辊压到织物层上以制造用于气囊的纺织片状织物的说明图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，其中示出了包括纬线6和(未按真实比例显示)经线7的织物。所示的是所谓的接合点2，膜1优选粘结到接合点处，以使由纬线6和经线7形成的织物3抗泄漏并具有一定强度。如图2所示，由于织物3被一对压辊4挤压，因此经线7被挤压到一起而形成了椭圆形的横截面。同样地，从图1所示简图中的结构显然可以看出接合“点”2是如何在膜/涂层和织物之间被压平的。
参见图2，示出了一对压辊4，上述膜1和线密度减小的衬底织物3被导入并接合在该对压辊之间。可以化学的、热的或机械的方式实现膜/涂层和织物之间的合成接合，从而形成所谓的纺织-强化塑料表面5，该表面还可以利用双组分纱线进行复合。在较松的织物密度下，织物的波动较少。纺织-强化塑料表面5的接合点2在辊压下被压平，并提供与膜1更大的接触表面。
所述气囊还可以是权利要求3中所述的结构，其优点与参考权利要求1所述的相似。在编织后对气囊进行热处理，由于塑料的组分交联覆盖织物层的线，因此可获得必需的抗泄漏性和强度。

Claims (11)

1.一种气囊，其包括两层纺织片状织物，所述两层织物彼此相对并环绕形成至少一个可填充气体的腔室，所述层具有面向外侧的表面，其特征在于，所述表面上接收涂层(1)，该涂层适于加强气囊和使气囊抗泄漏。
2.如权利要求1所述的气囊，其特征在于，所述涂层(1)包括通过化学的、热的或机械的方法接合到表面上的膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的气囊，其特征在于，所述涂层(1)包括织物层的塑料覆盖线。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的气囊，其特征在于，所述纺织片状织物是机织织物(3)。
5.如权利要求1、2或3所述的气囊，其特征在于，所述纺织片状织物是针织或非织造绒头织物。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的气囊，其特征在于，所述纺织片状织物包括双组分纱线。
7.如权利要求1到4或6中任一项所述的气囊，其特征在于，所述纺织片状织物是薄的织物，其表面层叠有涂层(1)或膜。
8.一种制造气囊的方法，该气囊包括两层彼此相对的织物层，且这两层织物环绕形成至少一个可填充气体的腔室，所述织物层具有面向外侧的表面，在所述表面上设有涂层、叠层、膜或覆盖层，适于加强和/或使气囊抗泄漏，该方法包括以下步骤：
在由提花机装置特殊控制的织机上纺织气囊，
将热塑性塑料膜热轧到所述表面上，利用压力使织物(3)中的接合点(2)变平，从而形成与膜(1)接触的更大的接触表面。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在膜的辊压操作之前，至少部分地对所述表面和/或涂层，叠层、膜或者覆盖层进行电晕处理或等离子处理或氟化作用。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面上层压有聚酰胺膜、聚酯膜、硅酮膜、氯丁橡胶或聚亚安酯膜。
11.如权利要求8、9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面设有硅酮膜，随后对该膜进行氟气处理。
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CN103403240A (zh) * 2011-03-16 2013-11-20 奥托立夫开发公司 用于制造可充气的安全气囊的织物
CN103403240B (zh) * 2011-03-16 2016-03-23 奥托立夫开发公司 用于制造可充气的安全气囊的织物
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CN108138393A (zh) * 2015-02-06 2018-06-08 住商安全气囊系统株式会社 筒织气囊
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