CN1579827A - 带有燃料箱、前置消音器和还原剂箱特殊布置的汽车 - Google Patents

带有燃料箱、前置消音器和还原剂箱特殊布置的汽车 Download PDF

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CN1579827A
CN1579827A CNA2004100556803A CN200410055680A CN1579827A CN 1579827 A CN1579827 A CN 1579827A CN A2004100556803 A CNA2004100556803 A CN A2004100556803A CN 200410055680 A CN200410055680 A CN 200410055680A CN 1579827 A CN1579827 A CN 1579827A
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hwl
silencer
case
preposition
fuel tank
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CN1311998C (zh
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E·斯特曼
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate silencers in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
    • B60K2015/03348—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling for supplying additives to fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

汽车，尤其是载重汽车，带有一个内燃机，该内燃机可从一个燃料箱(1)供给燃料并在其废气管线(2)中布置一个前置消音器(3)和一个主消音器，其中在前置消音器(3)中装入一个水解催化器(4)和可能的话至少一个氧化催化器(5)，其中水解催化器(4)借助一个计量机构(6，7)可供给尿素水溶液(HWL)，该尿素水溶液可储存在一个自身的HWL箱(9)中。本发明建议，HWL箱(9)和前置消音器(3)及燃料箱(1)构成一个结构单元(10)，该结构单元可整体固定在汽车车架上。

Description

带有燃料箱、前置消音器和还原剂箱特殊布置的汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分所述特征的汽车，尤其是载重汽车。
背景技术
由DE 101 23 359 A1已知一种布置在内燃机后面的废气管线，其中前后布置一个前置消音器和随后一个主消音器，在其内部空间分别装入多个催化器。本发明要解决的技术问题是前置消音器与主消音器相比容量小，但是这种尺寸在商用车辆上很难安装。为了利用可利用的高废气温度，前置消音器及其水解催化器在空间上尽可能靠近马达布置。当然，至今对于后面的主消音器仍存在安装问题，因为主消音器设置的地方通常还有其他构件或者设备，必须错开布置。这种错开布置通常很难甚至不可能。另一个安装问题是与尿素水溶液箱(HWL箱)相关的。该尿素水溶液箱与计量机构一样应尽可能距离单喷位置(Einduesstelle)不太远，以避免带有倾向于凝固的HWL区的计量管路太长。但是本身在现在的汽车中也没有空间用于HWL箱，因为这种箱只有欧洲V标准生效后才有必要使用，该标准的内容如果没有HWL喷入到废气中不可能达到。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是在汽车中提供一种适于HWL箱和前置消音器的安装方案。
按照本发明，该任务在带有开头所述特征的汽车中通过权利要求1特征部分的结构方式解决。
本发明的技术方案的优选设计方案和细节在从属权利要求中给出。
根据本发明，HWL箱和前置消音器与燃料箱构成一个紧凑的结构单元，可整体完全预制/预安装地固定到汽车车架上。特别优选的是，代替一个燃料箱(例如具有900升大容量)的该结构单元装到车架上，该燃料箱的体积或长度大致与本发明的结构单元的体积或长度相当，其中在该机构单元内部的燃料箱的油箱容量与所替代的燃料箱比小例如30至40％但仍足够。由此获得的结构空间在该结构单元内部例如大约三分之一分给HWL箱，大约三分之二分给前置消音器。由此就要求经常地补给燃料，但是HWL箱和前置消音器以最节省空间和最利于操作的方式装在汽车中，因为在这种布置方案中即使HWL箱补给也可以最简单的方式实现。另一方面，在本发明的结构单元中所缺少的燃料箱体积由一个备用油箱实现，例如该备用油箱可以安装在相对的车架一侧或者车架纵梁之间。
下面借助附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案。
附图说明
图1本发明第一实施例的纵截面示意图，
图2本发明第一实施例装在载重汽车车架上的俯视图，
图3本发明第二实施例的纵截面示意图。
在附图中，相同或相应的部件用相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种汽车，尤其是载重汽车，带有一个内燃机尤其是柴油机，可以从一个燃料箱1为内燃机供给燃料并且在废气管系中布置了一个前置消音器3和一个主消音器(未示出)。这里，前置消音器3布置在汽车车架的一侧，主消音器布置在另一侧，两者通过废气管线2的一段2/2相互连通。在前置消音器3中装入了一个水解催化器4和可能的话至少一个氧化催化器5。氧化催化器用于明显提高废气中的NO2含量。水解催化器4借助一个计量机构6通过一根计量管路7以自由端上的喷头8供给尿素水溶液(HWL)，该尿素水溶液可储存在自身的一个HWL箱9中。因此，废气离开前置消音器3时含有氨和较高的NO2含量，可借助主消音器中的SCR催化器以最佳方式净化。
根据本发明，HWL箱9和前置消音器3及燃料箱1构成一个结构单元10，其可以整体固定在汽车车架上，这里是固定在两个纵车梁之一11上。前置消音器3、HWL箱9和燃料箱1前后布置，其中在该结构单元内部前置消音器3布置在最前面，HWL箱9装在前置消音器3和燃料箱之间。优选的是，由燃料箱1、HWL箱9和前置消音器3组成的结构单元10是完全预安装的，其装在车架11上，替代了一个结构长度或容量与结构单元10大致相当的燃料箱，其中在结构单元10内部的燃料箱1相对被替代的燃料箱来说在横截面相同的情况下油箱容量小了例如30％至40％，由此获得的结构空间在结构单元10内部例如大约三分之一分给了HWL箱9，大约三分之二分给了前置消音器3。当然，根据具体情况，不同于上述分配的方案也是实用的或者必要的。
图1所示实施例中，在一个壳体12内的燃料箱1通过HWL箱9的一个双壁13，14分开，从而在意外的HWL泄漏时不会漏到燃料箱1中。HWL箱9内部通常具有一个绝热的衬里15以及一个装在其中防止HWL凝固的加热机构16和一个装在其中的液位传感器17。HWL计量机构6装在结构单元10的HWL箱9的部位，最好装在上方。一个竖直的HWL吸管18从HWL计量机构6伸到HWL箱9中，向下一直伸到HWL箱的底部附近。此外，HWL计量管路7从该计量机构6侧面出发，该计量管路伸到前置消音器3的内部空间，其喷头8一直伸到水解催化器4或其壳体4/1的入口部位。
前置消音器3的内腔通过一个中间壁19分成一个流入腔20和一个流出腔21，其中流入腔20与来自内燃机或其增压设备的排气管2的一段2/1相连通，流出腔21与排气管2与主消音器建立连接的一段2/2相连通。催化器4，5在前置消音器3中轴向平行相邻布置，以其壳体4/1或5/1固定在中间壁19以及一个与该中间壁间隔布置的保持壁22上。图示催化器的倾斜位置是一种可能的安装方案。如果前置消音器3和催化器4，5的结构空间允许，也可以用其它方式布置，例如相互平行并相邻地竖直装到前置消音器3中。
前置消音器3在内部加了一个由吸音材料制成的层23作衬里，并相对HWL箱9附加地绝热，以避免流经前置消音器3的废气将过多的热量传递给HWL箱9。
在图3所示的实施例中，燃料箱1在结构单元10中通过一个预制的钢或铝或渗铝钢板容器构成，该容器带有四周封闭的容器壁1’。在燃料箱的前端壁24上连接有一个头状的、开始时前面向前置消音器3敞口的HWL箱壳体25，最好是焊接。然后，一个本身封闭的由一种厚壁绝缘材料预制的HWL箱内体26从前面装入到所述壳体中。随后HWL箱壳体25可由一个HWL箱前壁27封闭。这同时构成了一个在HWL箱9和前置消音器3之间的中间壁，在其面向前置消音器3内腔的一侧涂有绝热材料的层28。在该HWL箱前壁27上连接前置消音器3的一个圆柱形外周壁29。这种机械连接例如通过外周壁29在HWL箱前壁27部位包括HWL箱前壁27所支承的、在HWL箱壳体25的平坦前棱边30部位的卷边完成。在外周壁29的端侧连接了前置消音器3的前端壁31，例如可通过边缘的卷边与该前端壁连接。
在图3所示实施例中，中间壁19、保持壁22和容纳在其壳体4/1，5/1中的催化器4，5构成了一个预制的结构组件，随后在其中间壁19上可通过焊接固定前端壁31。然后，在前端壁31上安装由绝缘材料制成的层23再安装外周壁29，后者例如通过边缘卷边安装。接着中间壁19与外周壁29通过焊接连接。外周壁29同样事先涂覆了绝缘材料层23，至少在那些焊接了中间壁19之后无法再够及的部位。在下一工序中，一个计量管路接头7/1插入到外周壁29的一个孔中并在那里固定。最后，这样预制成的前置消音器组件与已经涂有绝热层28和吸音材料层23的HWL箱前壁27一起装到HWL箱壳体25的前边30上，并最后通过外周壁29的边缘卷边固定到HWL箱壳体25上。随后，计量机构6和计量管路的管路接头可以安装到管件7/1上。
很显然，在本发明一般构思的范围内，对本发明的结构单元10也可以采用与前面所述方式以及附图所示实施例不同的很多其它方案。
预制成的和预安装的结构单元10在其最后安装到车架上这里是汽车的一个车架纵梁11上时，例如装在相对车架固定的托架32上并通过带子、卡箍或类似机构固定。
工作时，燃料箱1通过一根可由一个箱盖34封闭的注入导管注入燃料，HWL箱9通过一根距离较远的可由一个箱盖35封闭的注入导管注入HWL。

Claims (10)

1.汽车，尤其是载重汽车，带有一个内燃机，该内燃机可从一个燃料箱(1)供给燃料并在其废气管线(2)中布置一个前置消音器(3)和一个主消音器，其中在前置消音器(3)中装入一个水解催化器(4)和可能的话至少一个氧化催化器(5)，其中水解催化器(4)借助一个计量机构(6，7)可供给尿素水溶液(HWL)，该尿素水溶液可储存在一个自身的HWL箱(9)中，其特征在于，HWL箱(9)和前置消音器(3)及燃料箱(1)构成一个结构单元(10)，该结构单元可整体固定在汽车车架上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的汽车，其特征在于，由燃料箱(1)、HWL箱(9)和前置消音器(3)组成的结构单元(10)可整体预安装地装在车架(11)上，代替一个其结构长度或容量与结构单元(10)的结构长度或容量大致相当的燃料箱，其中结构单元(10)内部的燃料箱(1)相对被代替的燃料箱来说在横截面相同的情况下容量小例如30％至40％，由此获得的结构空间在结构单元(10)内部例如三分之一分给了HWL箱(9)，例如三分之二分给了前置消音器(3)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的汽车，其特征在于，前置消音器(3)、HWL箱(9)和燃料箱(1)前后布置，在结构单元(10)内部，前置消音器(3)布置在最前面，HWL箱(9)装在前置消音器(3)和燃料箱(1)之间。
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，燃料箱(1)在一个壳体(12)内通过HWL箱(9)的一个双壁(13，14)分开，由此在HWL意外泄漏时不会漏到燃料箱(1)中。
5.按照前述权利要求之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，HWL箱(9)具有一个绝热衬里(15)以及一个装在HWL箱中的加热机构(16)和一个装在HWL箱中液位传感器(17)。
6.按照前述权利要求之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，HWL计量机构(6)布置在结构单元(10)上HWL箱(9)的部位，一根竖直的HWL吸管(18)从该HWL计量机构(16)伸到HWL箱(9)中，向下一直伸到HWL箱的底部，一根HWL管路(7)从该计量机构(16)出发，伸到前置消音器(3)的内腔，并以一个喷头(8)伸到水解催化器(4)或其壳体(4/1)的入口部位。
7.按照前述权利要求之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，前置消音器(3)的内腔通过一个中间壁(19)分成一个流入腔(20)和一个流出腔(21)，其中流入腔(20)与来自内燃机或其增压设备的排气管(2)的一段(2/1)相连通，流出腔(21)与排气管(2)与主消音器建立连接的一段(2/2)相连通，其中催化器(4，5)在前置消音器(3)中轴向平行相邻布置，以其壳体(4/1，5/1)固定在中间壁(19)以及一个与该中间壁间隔布置的保持壁(22)上。
8.按照前述权利要求之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，前置消音器(3)内部以一个吸音材料制成的层作衬里，相对HWL箱(9)附加地绝热，以避免过多的热量传递到HWL箱(9)。
9.按照前述权利要求之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，燃料箱(1)在结构单元内通过一个预制好的带有四周封闭的容器壁(23)的容器构成，在该预制的燃料箱(1)的前端壁(24)上连接一个头状的、开始时前方向前置消音器(3)敞口的HWL箱壳体(25)，尤其是焊接，一个本身封闭的由一种厚壁绝缘材料预制的HWL箱内体(26)从前面装入到所述壳体中，随后HWL箱壳体(25)可由一个HWL箱前壁(27)封闭，该HWL箱前壁(27)同时构成了一个在HWL箱(9)和前置消音器(3)之间的中间壁，在其面向前置消音器(3)内腔的一侧涂有绝热材料的层(28)，在该HWL箱前壁(27)上连接前置消音器(3)的一个圆柱形外周壁(29)，例如通过HWL箱前壁(27)包括HWL箱前壁(27)所支承的、在HWL箱壳体(25)的平坦前棱边(30)的卷边完成，在外周壁(29)前方的端侧连接了前置消音器(3)的前端壁(31)，例如可通过边缘的卷边与该前端壁连接。
10.按照权利要求7至9之一所述的汽车，其特征在于，中间壁(19)、保持壁(22)和容纳在其壳体(4/1，5/1)中的催化器(4，5)构成了一个预制的结构组件，随后在其中间壁(19)上可通过焊接固定前端壁(31)，然后，在前端壁(31)上例如通过边缘卷边安装外周壁(29)，随后中间壁(19)与外周壁(29)通过焊接连接，然后一个计量管路接头(7/1)可插入到外周壁(29)的一个孔中并在那里固定，最后，这样预制成的前置消音器组件与HWL箱前壁(27)一起装到HWL箱壳体(25)的前边上，并通过外周壁(29)的边缘卷边可固定到HWL箱壳体(25)上。
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KR20050016051A (ko) 2005-02-21
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US7017336B2 (en) 2006-03-28
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DE502004007045D1 (de) 2008-06-19
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JP2005054788A (ja) 2005-03-03
CN1311998C (zh) 2007-04-25
EP1553271A2 (de) 2005-07-13
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US20050022515A1 (en) 2005-02-03

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