CN1575233A - 具有隔音层的板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种将层状物作用在地板上以减小地板上的脚步声的方法以及这种板。对于现有技术,在随后的制造阶段中,将隔音层粘结在层状板上是不利的。因此,先通过压缩层状物和/或纸的相关的粘结体来制造板。在随后的操作阶段将隔音层粘结在适当的位置。可以使用PVA胶、热塑性胶或木质胶连接隔音层。在制造具有承载板、装饰纸、平衡纸和/或镶木板的过程中,提供一个附加层,优选地为卷筒形或薄层形。当在板上走动时,卷筒形产品或薄层产品的材料被设计为提供前述需要的隔音特性和/或提供这些特性。以压力放置卷筒形产品或薄层产品,并在至少 100℃的温度下,将其与其他元件压缩在一起。
Description
本发明涉及一种将层状物施加到地板上以减小地板上的脚步声的方法,以及这种板。
在地板中,层状地板或镶木地板形式的板已经是众所周知了。层状地板由所谓的承载板组成,该承载板通常由HDF、MDF或碎木胶合板制成。通常将能够确保上层表面足够的耐磨性的所谓的装饰纸和另一种层状物设置在承载板上面。然而,可以将装饰纸设计为耐磨的。将所谓的平衡纸设置在承载板之下。
特别地,将纸中注入氨基塑料,尤其是注入尿素树脂和/或蜜胺树脂。如果在温度和压力的作用下,以压力将纸与承载板压缩在一起,这种树脂将变软然后再变硬。
该装饰纸能够确保由该板形成的地板的所需视觉外观。设置平衡纸以保证在层状物和/或纸的压缩过程中,承载板和/或板不会被扭曲。
镶木板与层状板不同,特别是其表面不同。用木头取代印刷纸以取得需要的视觉效果。镶木地板由实心木头制成,但是也可以提供由HDF、MDF或碎木胶合板制成的承载板。在这种情况下,将木质胶合板或纸作用在其上表面。将特定的木头或纸层作用在下面作为平衡层。
如果将板铺在地板下,当在地板上走动时,产生相当大的脚步声。为了防止这种声音的产生,现有技术提供了所谓的脚步声隔音材料。这种隔音材料是放置在板的下面具有减少声音和吸声特性的层状物。另外,或者作为一种替代物,该层状物可以使所产生的声音的频率和振幅发生改变,在主观上所察觉的这种声音的影响为很小。
提供隔音材料的层状物在下文通常指“隔音层”。
隔音层的详细设计如下:
与前面定义的板相比,隔音层通常可以发生弹性变形。这种层状物可以由回收的聚亚安酯材料、橡胶、软木、泡沫、热塑性材料、纤维网(fibre matting)或LDF(低密度材料)组成。密度通常约为200到1000kg/m3。在另一种情况下,可以将所谓的重金属薄片(heavy foil)用作隔音层。其特征为,重量为1000到5000g/m2。
粘结在层状板上的重金属薄片确保与地板下面的良好接触,这将改善对安装在下面的表面的使用,由此当在地板上走动时,能提高对声音的感觉。典型的重金属薄片由具有填料的聚乙烯组成。
对于现有技术,在随后的制造阶段中将隔音层粘结在层状板上是不利的。因此,先通过压缩层状物和/或纸的相关的粘结体而制造板。在随后的操作阶段中,将隔音层粘结在适当的位置。可以使用PVA胶、热塑性胶或木质胶来连接隔音层。
过去的粘结和另外的相关操作阶段不仅使制造工艺更昂贵,而且边缘的密封也相当差。如果在一个单独的操作阶段中连接隔音层,就几乎不可能实现成功的紧密的边缘密封。因此通常来说,在板的下面有一个区域,该区域没有隔音层,这是因为在实际中很难实现紧密的密封,并且该密封的质量不可能很好。因此,隔音层所需的效果被削弱。由于该区域通常与板的舌状物和槽相邻接,当在地板上走动时,这些锁紧元件中的机械应力非常大。此外,在随后的加工阶段或铺地板的阶段中,存在着隔音层从板上分开的危险。
另外,热塑性胶存在不能将隔音层紧密地粘结在板上的缺点,隔音层可以轻易地从板上分开。这就导致了操作问题和生产中的不利因素,例如,当将连接元件切割成一定尺寸时。
如果能将隔音层轻易地从板上分开,由于在铺地板时需要将该板移动时就产生问题。提供一种方法和一种相关的板是需要的目的,其中将隔音层以改进的方式连接在板上,改进了边缘密封,并且对产品成本的降低更有利。
所使用的粘结材料与环境问题有关。例如,粘结剂可以包含污染环境的基本组分。这就产生了涉及粘结剂的处理问题。此外,粘结剂是生产工艺中需要的附加的成分。因此需要避免使用将隔音层连接到板上的附加的粘结剂。
本发明的目的是提供一种对成本的降低有利的方法及相关的板,与现有技术相比,本发明在落脚和房间的隔音层中提供了改进的特性。
通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法和具有从属权利要求的板可以实现本发明的目的。在从属权利要求中指出了优选实施例。
根据本发明,在制造具有承载板、装饰纸、平衡纸和/或木质胶合板的板中,提供了一个附加层,优选为薄层形或卷筒形。当在板上走动时,卷筒形产品或薄层产品的材料被设计为能提供前述所需的隔音特性和/或提供这些特性。用压力放置卷筒形或薄层产品,并在至少100℃的温度下与别的元件压缩在一起。优选地,在压紧的过程中提供较高的温度,特别是高于120℃的温度。为了实现短的压缩时间,典型地,温度在200℃以上,但是优选地为230℃到250℃。短的压缩时间允许更快地制造板,保证该方法对成本的降低有利。
薄层或卷筒形产品必须适当地耐热。如果在200℃进行压缩,制造隔音层的材料必须能承受所选择的温度。
为了实现对成本的降低有利的制造工艺,本领域一般技术人员可以根据相应的压缩温度选择合适的材料。
在进行层状板的制造中,将氨基塑料注入平衡(counteracting paper)纸。在压缩的过程中,聚酰胺材料将隔音层粘结在板上。
与现有技术相比,隔音层和板之间的粘结相对更稳定。
该制造工艺对成本的降低更有利,这是因为省略了一个操作阶段。不需要附加的粘结剂,这也使得对成本的降低有利。此外,该方法对环境有利,这是因为不需要另外处理粘结剂。也可以避免粘结剂中所存在的基本组分。
根据经验,当制造大规格板之后,将板锯切成例如1.40m×0.20m的板,并在板上铣削出锁紧元件例如舌状物和槽。在板和隔音层之间实现紧密的边缘密封,因此,在这种情况下,可以避免上述的缺点。
由于隔音层和板之间的连接非常稳固,可以毫无困难地完成铣削阶段。对于现有技术,该工艺存在困难,这是因为板和脚步声隔音层之间的连接相当不稳定。
如果将隔音层连接在镶木板上,就将短周期压缩用于该工艺。为了提供氨基塑料,将纸放置在板的最下层和隔音层之间。在这种情况下,可以将氨基塑料注入纸中或另外将氨基塑料提供给纸。
在本发明的一种实施例中,使用一种回收的聚亚安酯材料,隔音层由这种材料形成。这种材料对成本的降低有利并提供了非常好的隔音特性。该材料是从回收工业中获得的,因此有利于环境。
在这种情况下,为了实现良好的隔音特性,隔音层的厚度应该至少为0.5mm,这一点是可以被消费者接受的。实际上,由回收的聚亚安酯所制成的层状物的厚度能够达到5mm。如果隔音层非常厚,对导热性就会产生非常不利的缺陷。如果要安装或使用地板下的热量,就涉及到良好的导热性的问题。由于铺地板后结构上较大的厚度,也不需要非常厚的层状板。由于通常所发生的情况,特别是在将地板刷新的情况下,要适应门的尺寸,这一点对于消费者是不利因素。
优选地,将蜜胺树脂和/或尿素树脂和/或二者混合物作为氨基塑料。典型地,这些是用在装饰纸和平衡纸中的树脂。如果使用这些树脂,就不需要提供附加材料的成分用于产品的制造。
典型地,在压缩状态下所施加的压力介于5和70KPa之间。通常在该工艺中压缩隔音层。当使用聚亚安酯(PUR)时,典型地,压缩层状物,例如,从1.2mm挤压到0.5mm。然而,由于质量守恒定律,隔音特性不会明显改变。
可以将回收的聚亚安酯材料例如密度在110kg/m3和750kg/m3之间的聚亚安酯材料用作原材料。
根据本发明所制造的产品与现有技术不同,特别是在由氨基塑料所实现的板和隔音层之间的连接上。特别是,连接是在也用于板的生产中的氨基塑料的基础上实现的。这是具有优越性的,这是因为避免了附加材料的使用。
在本发明的又一种实施例中,作为回收的聚亚安酯材料的一种替代物,可以使用制造重金属薄片的材料。在这种情况下优先选用具有填料的聚乙烯。
实验显示,指定的材料、回收的聚亚安酯材料和具有填料的聚乙烯可以实现非常好的隔音特性。另外,可以毫无困难地加工这些材料并将其连接在层状板或镶木板上。
在生产中,优先选用在卷筒上的产品,从而可以使用双层压缩来压缩板。否则要使用短周期的压缩,由于不能实现短压缩时间,因此短周期的压缩会明显地增加制造成本。
使用根据本发明的方法制造板,其中,将一个层状物连接在使用氨基塑料的板的下面。因为在随后的阶段进行锯切和铣削,产品具有非常好的边缘密封特性。因此,在板的下面和隔音层之间没有留下缝隙。这就意味着紧密的边缘密封是根据本发明所制造产品的另外的重要特征。
隔音层和板之间是齐平的,特别是在进行锯切和铣削的位置。例如,也可以给齐平的密封提供一个在板的下面铣削的槽,例如,用在板之间的无胶连接上。
因此在隔音层和地板之间不会产生明显的偏移,除非该偏移是由随后另一个操作阶段产生的。
所选择的材料,回收的聚亚安酯材料和具有填料的聚乙烯是抗热的,从而能够在热量的作用下压缩这些材料。由于这个原因,它们也特别适用。
对于层状板,典型地,板的厚度为5到14mm。镶木板的厚度大约在10到20mm。将位于下面可以非常薄的隔音层添加在其上。
优选地,隔音层比该板薄,特别是,比承载板薄。
现在参考附图中所示的典型的实施例,将对本发明进行更详细的描述。
附图示出了层状板的截面图,该层状板由承载板1、装饰纸2、平衡纸3和耐磨层4制成。承载板由MDF/HDF(但也可能是其他材料)构成。这种材料由木质纤维制成,首先向木质纤维提供胶,然后以压力将其压制以形成木板。首先将装饰纸2连接在承载板1上,然后将耐磨层4连接在其上。将平衡纸3连接在承载板1的下面。先给纸层和耐磨层提供蜜胺树脂和/或尿素树脂的混合物。在热量和压力的作用下,树脂变软。通过随后变硬的过程来实现不同层之间的稳固的连接。
与现有技术的区别,根据本发明,另外将隔音层5与前面所述的其他层压制在一起。在这种情况下,隔音层由聚亚安酯(PUR)构成。最初层的厚度为1.2mm。由于不同层的压缩,该厚度减小到0.5mm。通过所使用的树脂,将隔音层5连接到平衡纸3上。
制造了分层的复合材料后,在板的侧面铣削出槽6和舌状物7。在板的下面设置槽8(如果需要)。
作为制造方法的结果,从隔音层5到板的过渡是齐平的。这也适用于板的侧向限制(1ateral limit)和相对于槽8产生的过渡。
在铺地板时,可以将在水平方向上连接两块板1的金属片插入到一块板的槽8及另一块板的相应的槽8中。因此,一个槽8被分配给每个舌状物和每个槽。为了清楚起见,图中只示出了一个槽8。如果将板全部画出,在镜像反转视图中可以看到分配到舌状物7的另一个槽8。
Claims (27)
1.制造具有隔音层的板的方法,其中,在压力和热量的作用下以压力压缩几个层状物,各个层状物由木头、木质材料或纸组成,至少一个或多个层状物设有氨基塑料,其特征在于,该层状物与隔音层压制在一起。
2.如权利要求1所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,隔音层由可以发生弹性变形的材料构成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,隔音层由回收的聚氨酯材料、橡胶、软木、泡沫、热塑性材料、纤维网、LDF或聚乙烯构成。
4.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,隔音层的密度为20到2500kg/m3。
5.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,将承载板用作被压缩的层状物,优选地,隔音层比承载板薄。
6.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,将由HDF、MDF、碎木胶合板或木头组成的承载板用作被压制的层状物。
7.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,将注入氨基塑料的纸用作被压制的层状物。
8.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,承载板和隔音层与设置在二者之间的注入氨基塑料的纸压制在一起。
9.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,将蜜胺树脂和/或尿素树脂用作氨基塑料。
10.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,设置至少一层由木头组成的层状物,优选地,该层状物形成被压制的层状物系统的较上层。
11.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,隔音层由一种材料组成,该材料耐100℃以上的温度,优选地,为200℃以上的温度。
12.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,在压制后,锯切按以上方式制造的板。
13.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制造板的方法,其特征在于,在压缩后,在侧面设置锁紧元件,特别是侧向舌状物和槽。
14.使用如前述权利要求的任一项所述的方法所制造的板,其特征在于,用氨基塑料将隔音层连接在板的下面。
15.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,隔音层由能够发生弹性变形的材料组成。
16.如前述方法(device)权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,隔音层由回收的聚亚安酯材料、橡胶、软木、泡沫、热塑性材料、纤维网、LDF或聚乙烯组成。
17.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,隔音层的密度为20到2500kg/m3。
18.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,该板具有承载板,隔音层比承载板薄。
19.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,板具有由HDF、MDF、碎木胶合板或木头组成的承载板,将装饰纸和镶木板施加在该承载板之上。
20.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,具有氨基塑料的纸与隔音层相邻接。
21.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,将蜜胺树脂和/或尿素树脂用作氨基塑料。
22.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,设置形成板的至少一个由木头组成的层状物,优选地,该木头形成层状物系统的较上层。
23.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,隔音层由一种材料组成,该材料耐100℃以上的温度,优选地,耐200℃以上的温度。
24.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,该板具有锁紧元件,特别是,具有侧向舌状物和槽。
25.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,隔音层与板在侧面是齐平的。
26.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,板的厚度为5到20mm,隔音层的厚度为5mm。
27.如前述方法权利要求的任一项所述的板,其特征在于,从下方将板铣削出至少一个槽,隔音层在两侧以齐平的方式与该槽相接。
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-
2001
- 2001-10-23 DE DE10151614A patent/DE10151614C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-28 TR TR2004/00909T patent/TR200400909T2/xx unknown
- 2002-06-28 EP EP02743246A patent/EP1448391B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-28 ES ES02743246T patent/ES2268055T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-28 US US10/491,832 patent/US8397456B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-28 PT PT02743246T patent/PT1448391E/pt unknown
- 2002-06-28 AU AU2002345075A patent/AU2002345075B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-06-28 WO PCT/EP2002/007149 patent/WO2003035396A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-28 DE DE50207882T patent/DE50207882D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-28 JP JP2003537930A patent/JP4448691B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-28 CN CNB028211235A patent/CN100346964C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-28 CA CA002463096A patent/CA2463096C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-28 MX MXPA04003774A patent/MXPA04003774A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-28 DK DK02743246T patent/DK1448391T3/da active
- 2002-06-28 AT AT02743246T patent/ATE336374T1/de active
- 2002-06-28 IL IL16137102A patent/IL161371A0/xx active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI505930B (zh) * | 2011-01-25 | 2015-11-01 | Ta Wei Chang | 多介質吸音材料 |
CN110420807A (zh) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-08 | 深圳市中孚能电气设备有限公司 | 一种设备及灌胶装置 |
CN114945461A (zh) * | 2020-01-09 | 2022-08-26 | I4F许可有限责任公司 | 装饰性镶板和制造装饰性镶板的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE336374T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
CA2463096A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
CA2463096C (en) | 2010-02-02 |
IL161371A0 (en) | 2004-09-27 |
DK1448391T3 (da) | 2006-11-13 |
IL161371A (en) | 2007-06-03 |
US20040255538A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US8397456B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
CN100346964C (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
DE10151614C1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
JP4448691B2 (ja) | 2010-04-14 |
TR200400909T2 (tr) | 2004-08-23 |
MXPA04003774A (es) | 2004-07-30 |
ZA200402972B (en) | 2005-01-21 |
WO2003035396A1 (de) | 2003-05-01 |
PT1448391E (pt) | 2006-12-29 |
ES2268055T3 (es) | 2007-03-16 |
EP1448391B1 (de) | 2006-08-16 |
JP2005506476A (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
EP1448391A1 (de) | 2004-08-25 |
AU2002345075B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
DE50207882D1 (de) | 2006-09-28 |
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