CN1494519A - 具有防氧化的硅基树脂的碳纤维复合材料 - Google Patents

具有防氧化的硅基树脂的碳纤维复合材料 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1494519A
CN1494519A CNA028057406A CN02805740A CN1494519A CN 1494519 A CN1494519 A CN 1494519A CN A028057406 A CNA028057406 A CN A028057406A CN 02805740 A CN02805740 A CN 02805740A CN 1494519 A CN1494519 A CN 1494519A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
substrate
protection system
thermal protection
resin
support component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA028057406A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1285463C (zh
Inventor
��Ī������
亨利·莫迪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALANY INTERNATIONAL TECHNIWEAVE Inc
Original Assignee
ALANY INTERNATIONAL TECHNIWEAVE Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALANY INTERNATIONAL TECHNIWEAVE Inc filed Critical ALANY INTERNATIONAL TECHNIWEAVE Inc
Publication of CN1494519A publication Critical patent/CN1494519A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1285463C publication Critical patent/CN1285463C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024Woven fabric
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005Three-dimensional woven fabrics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/026Mattresses, mats, blankets or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/029Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/105Ceramic fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/18Fabrics, textiles
    • B32B2305/188Woven fabrics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • C04B2235/483Si-containing organic compounds, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5244Silicon carbide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5248Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5252Fibers having a specific pre-form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77Density
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92Fire or heat protection feature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921Fire or flameproofing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12021All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles having composition or density gradient or differential porosity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24033Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24174Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including sheet or component perpendicular to plane of web or sheet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24174Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including sheet or component perpendicular to plane of web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24182Inward from edge of web or sheet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24992Density or compression of components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2926Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
    • Y10T442/2975Coated or impregnated ceramic fiber fabric
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2926Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
    • Y10T442/2984Coated or impregnated carbon or carbonaceous fiber fabric
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3195Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528Three or more fabric layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3537One of which is a nonwoven fabric layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3553Woven fabric layers impregnated with an organosilicon resin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3594Woven fabric layers impregnated with a thermoplastic resin [e.g., vinyl polymer, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/66Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
    • Y10T442/662Needled
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/696Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Silicon Polymers (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种热防护系统(TPM),用于保护经受高温载荷的表面,包括纤维基底,其中所述基底由层压在一起的纺织或无纺纤维层组成,或所述基底可通过三维纺织工艺形成,其中所述纤维基底具有变化的纤维密度,且所述纤维密度穿过TPM的厚度增加,此外,其中所述基底被缝制和连接至绝缘被衬。

Description

具有防氧化的硅基树脂的碳纤维复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及用于航天工业的热防护材料(TPM),尤其涉及在浸渍之前具有可变的基底密度的增强的碳纤维复合材料及其制造方法,所述具有可变的基底密度的增强碳纤维复合材料用硅基烧蚀性树脂浸渍,所述硅基烧蚀性树脂被固化和制造,以形成结构性配置,所述结构性配置用于装配到被TPM保护的结构的外表面上。
背景技术
在重返大气期间,飞行器(vehicle)经受极端的热条件。当飞行器以非常高的速度接触大气时,摩擦力释放高能级的热能,所述热能可将温度升高到对外壳产生破坏的水平。为了保护飞行器免受高温和风的切变(wind shear),飞行器的外壳通常用TPM覆盖,其充当绝缘体并被设计为经得起这些极端的热条件。
碳-碳(C-C)复合材料是一种TPM,其在这样的条件下被使用且具有被证实的效用。特定TPM的成功要求,系统在高温下具有充分的机械强度、在分解时产生吸热反应、以及具有高的表面发射系数。
在其最简单的形式中,碳-碳复合材料通过将碳纤维与有机树脂(通常为具有高碳含量的环氧树脂或酚醛树脂)结合被制造,且所形成的碳纤维和树脂基质被固化以获得诸如瓦片(tile)、坯件(billet)或其它物体等的三维结构。基质具有密度、空隙容积和机械强度等级。
碳纤维和树脂基质接着经受将树脂基质分解成纯碳的高温处理,一种称为炭化(charring)或碳化(densification)的工艺。炭化将树脂涂层从有机树脂改变为自由碳,其覆盖碳纤维并用自由碳部分填充基质的空隙空间。TPM可经受几个碳化周期,一种称为致密化工艺。致密化的结果是产生空隙空间减少的更坚硬的基底。基底的碳化表面具有高温的结构能力,这是理想的特征。
常规的C-C复合材料以如此方式被制造,以产生具有最小孔隙率的高度填充且硬化的结构。有多种方式使C-C材料致密化,包括用石油沥青渗透、用酚醛或其它有机树脂浸渍、或使用诸如甲烷等的低分子量的烃的碳汽相渗透(CVI)。用于致密化的任何物质应具有高碳炭化率(charyield)。浸渍和渗透的重复周期要求首先用碳材料注入(infuse)此材料,然后将它们加热到充分高的温度(通常在500℃以上),以炭化浸渗剂和产生用于进一步的致密化周期的孔隙率。取决于在该复合材料中使用的浸渗剂和碳纤维,具有5%孔隙率的C-C复合材料的典型密度范围大约为1.6至1.8g/cc。
然而,当在长时间内C-C复合材料TPM使用时,高空特超声速的返回飞行器显示出一些能严重限制任务执行的特征。这些材料的主要限制是它们在极端的热条件下经受氧化。这些TPM返回中长时间经历的氧化可导致飞行器航空壳体(aero-shell)的大的形状变化。不利地影响飞行器的机械强度和空气动力特性的形状变化是不可接受的。为了补偿能导致形状变化的机械或结构完整性的损失,通常增加材料厚度。然而,增加厚度不可接受地造成飞行器重量和体积的增加,从而减少了有效载荷能力并增加了成本。
尽管由于其优良的高温结构性质,C-C类的TPM成为用于航天应用的好的选择物,但是氧化形状变化仍是一个问题。为了接近这个问题,已在用于C-C复合材料的防氧化涂层上花费了大量努力,然而仅获得有限的成功。发展到目前为止的涂层受限于通常低于那些在返回到大气期间或在其它高温应用中的经历的温度等级。同样,当某人正在考虑用在C-C复合材料TPM上的涂层时,涂层成本和耐久性(呈处理微裂纹、针孔的出现、来自地面处理的微粒冲击和损坏的形式的耐久性)是严重的问题。
烧蚀技术采用几种机制管理在返回期间释放的高能级热能。其中三个是树脂的蒸发和分解(热解)以及随后在边界层的蒸腾冷却。所有的这些工艺都吸收热量。产生大量气体是基于烧蚀的系统吸收热量的能力的一个措施。还可通过用有机材料浸渍C-C基底提高气体产量,所述有机材料被特别设计为在系统暴露在高温载荷下时蒸发和热解。在这些被动蒸腾系统中使用的材料,称为冷却剂,包括诸如聚乙烯或环氧树脂、丙烯酸或酚醛树脂等的材料。
在这样的系统下,在所述材料内产生热解区,其中树脂和存在的任何补充冷却剂被加热到有机材料分解的温度。结果为吸收热量和产生另外的碳,所述碳可留在热解区中和/或沉积在碳纤维上以及基底的空隙容积内。这样,C-C烧蚀材料的最终重量和吸收热量的能力直接与返回之前的C-C复合材料中可用树脂的量有关。
在C-C烧蚀材料的表面上,由于碳基底的折射性质,热被再辐射。此外,在C-C烧蚀材料内的热解区中产生的气体以与表面条件相比以相对低的温度释放到表面。被称为热解气体蒸腾的这种效果在TPM表面处提供冷却。此处描述的被动蒸腾系统的缺点包括较高的材料总密度和由材料内气体的突然集结而造成的较高的内压力。因此,能产生大量气体并接着将其释放的烧蚀系统显示较大能力以吸收和驱散返回的热量。
在这方面,C-C基底的结构对烧蚀材料的总效用是重要的。空隙容积可用树脂或其它冷却剂填充以提供用于产生气体的原材料。此外,构造基底的方法可允许较大的蒸腾通道释放气体。在短时间内产生大量气体的系统还产生高的内压力。这样的压力引起基底内的内部龟裂(微裂纹),还引起表面的剥落。这些结果对系统的机械完整性有破坏性且可导致系统失败。因此,改进的蒸腾通道还保护系统不受这种内压力的影响。
kostikov等人的美国专利5,635,300通过从硅基树脂到C-C基底的介绍描述了C-C或陶瓷烧蚀材料领域中的发展。在表面分解且随后暴露于非常高的温度后,硅树脂与碳基底起化学反应,以在那些经历高温条件的纤维上形成碳化硅(SiC)涂层。所形成的SiC比碳更能抗氧化,从而通过在极端的温度区域中形成SiC骨架加强碳基底。当表面处的高温和风的切变的长期的条件导致SiC损失时,新近暴露的碳基底经历进一步的反应以形成新的SiC,从而再生成保护性骨架。
在烧蚀材料内部中的碳基底纤维上形成的SiC层具有与碳自身不同的热膨胀系数(CTE)。结果是当系统经受温度变化时,碳基底内的SiC涂层形成微裂纹。这些微裂纹形成空气进入的通道,其导致碳基底氧化,且造成烧蚀材料的强度和完整性的损失。
在Kostikov的专利中,碳-SiC基底通过获得包括碳纤维和热固树脂粘合剂的碳-塑料预制体(preform)和进行热处理而产生,以形成由碳纤维增强的焦炭基质。通过用热解碳渗透和以1900℃至2000℃对预制体进行热处理使焦炭基质致密化。根据本发明,在沉积在基质上的碳的结晶之后形成细孔通道。在致密化之后是用在复合材料的孔隙中形成SiC骨架的硅进行处理。碳纤维可呈纺织纤维或纺织基底的形式。
Tran等人的美国专利5,672,389披露了一种采用纤维状陶瓷基底的低密度陶瓷烧蚀材料,所述纤维状陶瓷基底在用树脂基质浸渍之前具有约为0.15到0.2g/cc的密度。Tran包括在术语陶瓷定义内的碳纤维。陶瓷基底用含有溶剂中的有机树脂的低粘度溶液浸渍。多余的浸渗剂被移去,接着在真空下去除溶剂,留下树脂涂敷的纤维和平均密度从0.15g/cc到0.4g/cc的基底。Tran披露了所形成的烧蚀材料可在陶瓷纤维上具有树脂的均匀分布或不均匀分布。不均匀分布具有在外表面获得必要等级的烧蚀、同时在内表面重量较轻的益处,其中在外表面和内表面未经历极端温度。
此外,在表面的氧化条件下,硅与大气的氧气起化学反应,以形成二氧化硅(SiO2)涂层,其将自身表示(manifest)为烧蚀材料外表面上的玻璃质层。这种加自由碳和自由SiC混合物的SiO2具有高的表面发射系数,由于从碳基底进行对流和再辐射,其改善了材料从表面放射热量的能力。
Goujard等人的美国专利5,965,266披露了一种碳-SiC(C-SiC)复合材料TPM,其具有自修复(self-heal)机制,用于C-SiC基质的原位(in-situ)修复。对基质进行热处理以在C-SiC基质上形成SiC和碳化硼(BC)。SiC层改善了系统的机械强度。然而,由于CTE的不同,当在返回期间暴露在所经历的温度变化下时基质经历破坏性的破裂。这些裂缝产生允许空气进入的通道,其引起C-SiC基质的氧化,从而机械地使TPM的结构弱化。
Goujard的发明提供了可用的自由硅和硼作为玻璃前驱体,其在返回的高温和氧化条件下与暴露的碳起化学反应。玻璃先驱体在裂缝内形成自修复玻璃层,关闭用于基底内部氧化的通道。
除了烧蚀系统的强度和密度外,材料装配到航空壳体上的方式和另外的绝缘层的结合也对TPM的成功有影响。Schwartz的美国专利No.3,152,548披露了一种系统,其中许多成卷的线被连接到航空壳体且陶瓷TPM被装配到金属线圈上,从而在航空壳体和陶瓷TPM之间产生空间。这个空间用柔韧的绝热材料填充,从而对航空壳体提供了另外的绝缘保护。所述专利披露了成卷的线的使用补偿了金属航空壳体和陶瓷绝缘体之间的热膨胀的差别。
发明内容
因此本发明的主要目的是提供一种热防护材料(TPM),其是碳-碳(C-C)烧蚀材料,且其具有相对低的成本、低密度、高机械强度,且其提供了高度的免受氧化。本发明允许TPM以这样的方式制造,即强度、重量、和热吸收变量可沿TPM的厚度或长度变化,以便以最低的可得到成本获得这些变量的最佳平衡。本发明的C-C烧蚀材料还提供了一种具有通道的结构,允许改善所产生的气体的蒸腾率。本发明的C-C烧蚀TPM还包括允许C-C烧蚀TPM的新的和有用的配置的构造方法,以便绝缘材料可被结合在TPM和飞行器航空壳体之间。
本发明的C-C基底是纺织的或无纺的三维物体。纤维的密度沿TPM的厚度增加,从而在此方向上提高了基底的强度。通过改变所用的纺织方法或织物类型(即纺织的、无纺的、针织或编织的织物)。此外,本发明可包括织物的缝制,其提高了纤维穿过结构厚度的相互连接。缝制还起提高z方向上的孔隙率的作用,从而提供用于蒸腾在高温条件下例如在返回期间产生的烧蚀气体的改进的通道。能产生三维结构的改进的纺织方法还可被用来改变z方向上的纤维密度,且提高烧蚀材料的蒸腾率。
本发明的C-C烧蚀材料用具有高碳含量的有机树脂浸渍,且所形成的基质被固化。所形成的被覆盖的基底经受一个或多个炭化周期以使基底致密。在炭化周期后,系统被用硅基烧蚀性树脂处理和固化。
本发明中的固有性质是使用硅基烧蚀性树脂。硅基树脂可在复合材料表面的下面得到,且当被加热时,流到表面与碳起化学反应以产生SiC。因此,当烧蚀性树脂作为系统的冷却剂时,通过产生抗氧化SiC涂层,在烧蚀材料内以高温发生的化学反应也用来提供机械强度给C-C基底。
在返回期间,高温足以使碳基底氧化。这导致烧蚀材料表面凹进,造成机械强度的损失,从而,造成飞行器表面形状的改变。这些形状变化可不利地影响飞行器的空气动力特性,这是无法接受的。由于基底的硅与碳的化学作用,在返回期间系统的高温产生SiC。然后,在返回期间,部分碳化层被氧化。由于这些发生,碳用SiC代替,其提供了抗氧化的保护涂层。而且,当凹进在烧蚀材料的表面发生时,暴露的碳基底还与硅起化学反应,以在受到影响的区域形成一层碳化硅。
此外,在高温下,由树脂的热解产生的气体中的硅在烧蚀材料表面与大气中的氧起化学反应,以产生二氧化硅(SiO2)以及自由碳和SiC的混合物。这种混合物可以是高透射性的。随着进一步的氧化,SiO2的浓度在表面增加,提供氧化保护给表面下的碳和SiC。
本发明的另一方面是SiC的形成直到系统经受返回的高温才发生。在原处产生SiC基质的这种特性避免了当C-C基底和SiC基质经受高温变化和/或机械应力时出现的微裂纹的破坏性效果。
已经研究出一种独特的方法,以原地方法形成低成本C-C复合材料用于提供持久的氧化保护。这不仅是具有较低成本的方法,其还提供了与到目前为止被使用的常规C-C复合材料相比改进的耐烧蚀性。较低密度的C-C(1.3g/cc至1.5g/cc)被使用。由于要求很少的致密化周期,使得重大的成本节省。这种材料用使用树脂传递模塑工艺(RTM)的硅基烧蚀性树脂渗透(例如由通用电器公司制造的RTV等)。
RTM工艺包括排空闭模中的空气样本和压力且用RTV浸渍样本以填充在可用的基底细孔中。由于本发明要求RTV材料被储存在基底内,以用于返回加热期间的防护,用于此存储区的规定以增加的空隙容积的形式提供。而且,C-C基底必须被设计和制造以使这种存储容积和分布是可预知的。由于在暴露于高温期间太多的RTV可产生高的内部气体压力,这对于控制RTV的量是重要的。在飞行的返回阶段期间,不充分的RTV导致烧蚀系统的保护效用的损失。
本发明的其它实施例包括由称为多层互锁编织(interlock braiding)的三维纺织工艺产生的C-C基底。这种纺织方法可被用于产生在一个方向上的纤维密度中具有理想等级的三维碳纤维基底。三维编织物体在z方向上具有很大的强度,且避免了二维织物所经历的问题,所述二维织物可具有穿过合成物的层的较小完整性和相互连接。
多层互锁编织是允许相互连接的三维编织物的技术,该三维编织物可形成为三维形式。所述技术可获得纤维密度在z方向上变化的3-D结构。所形成的3-D基底在z-方向具有增加的强度且允许在z-方向上的气体蒸腾的改进的通道。所形成的基底可被缝制以进行另外的相互连接和蒸腾通道。多层互锁编织在brookstein D.的名称为 3-D纺织的复合材料、 设计和应用的文章(1993,九月,关于复合材料的第六欧洲会议,奥尔巴尼国际研究公司)中作了描述,其所披露的内容结合于此作为参考。
本发明的另一优点是不仅控制基底的密度与强度的比值,而且控制可用于热解从而可作为冷却剂的烧蚀性树脂的量,这是本领域中的任何合成物所不可获得的。本发明沿TPM的厚度具有变化密度和空隙容积。具有较高空隙容积的区域含有可用于返回期间的烧蚀的更大的RTV量。因此,TPM的冷却能力根据C-C基底的密度而变化。外层可含有较高体积的冷却剂,而内层可展示较高的机械强度。
为了提供满足上述孔隙率和出气要求的材料系统,可利用几种候选制造技术。由于纺织工艺固有的环提供了具有可用于RTV存储的孔隙率的自然袋,这些技术包括开口的纺织编织结构。另一构想是在相邻纱线之间具有有意的间隔的纺织结构,用于产生RTV存储所需要的体积。另一构想是使用杰卡织机类型的织机的多层纺织结构。在这样结构中的纺织构造可易于被缝制,以提供用于RTV存储的体积。提供最低成本选择的另一构想是无纺预制体。这样的预制体可通过在成层的构造中预制成的方位被制造。此外,此构想以及上述的其它构想可得益于用于增加的结构完整性的缝制工艺。
有许多方式结合用于此结构的出气通道。一个方式是在C-C致密化工艺之前缝制预制体。此工艺以规则的或特制的图案或网格刺穿纺织预制体的表面。所述针缝工艺造成被刺穿以沿针缝方向排列的纤维的百分比,产生全厚度的纤维组分。这不仅产生气体从组分移出的通道,而且增加的全厚度的加强提高了层间的机械性质。
用于提供全厚度气体通道的另一机制是T-成形。T-成形是纤维直接插入预制体的方法。T-成形在转让给Albany International Corp.,Techniweave Division(奥尔巴尼国际公司纺织技术部门)的名称为 纤维增 强结构及其制造方法的美国专利No.6,103,337中作了披露,其所披露的内容结合于此作为参考。使用此方法,可控制T-成形间隔穿透深度和定向。T-成形还可是为将外部保护层机械连接到支持元件而选择的方法,以产生三维结构组分。
通过使用T-成形,所描述的材料构想可为特定应用要求而定制。TPM可以在结构上能够经得住返回的热诱导结构载荷和空气动力载荷并能够进行操纵的配置被制造。材料系统可被设计为在不充当航空壳体的热通道时能有效地传递载荷。
本发明的另一改进包括在烧蚀材料和飞行器的外壳之间附着绝缘材料的改进方法。由碳纤维基底制成的烧蚀材料可形成为有利的配置。这些结构特性可采用T字形肋和加强件、C-C蜂窝、整体纺织肋、波状C-C形式以及其它有利的形式。通过安装呈波状、T形连接或类似配置的形式的烧蚀材料产生的间隔用绝缘体材料填充,以将另外的热防护加到系统。
本发明的另一实施例是制造碳纤维带材料,其具有浸渍到织物表面内的硅支承RTV。然后可使用热和压力层压所述材料,以用在适当位置的硅保护方案形成结构性纤维增强组分。这是将要求无C-C加工的工艺。
附图说明
因此,借助本发明,将实现其目的和优点,将结合附图对它们进行描述,其中:
图1是碳纤维结构的横截面图,所述碳纤维结构由层压在一起的多个纺织层组成;
图2是由多个碳纤维毡层和多个纺织碳纤维织物层组成的结构的横截面图,所述层被层压在一起;
图3是图2所示结构的横截面图,其已经被沿其厚度方向缝制以增加各层之间的连通性;
图4是缝制工艺和缝制工艺效果的示意图;
图5示出三维碳纤维基底,其示出了纤维之间的空隙容积;
图6是树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺的示意图;
图7是多个可能的T-成形方法的示意图;
图8描述了组合的T-成形和RTM工艺;
图9本发明的一个实施例的立体图,示出了整合C-C复合烧蚀材料和绝缘材料的结构;以及
图10是整体TPM和绝缘材料的几种可能结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
可变密度基底:
更具体地,现在来看附图,图1示出由多个纺织织物层组成的纺织纤维基底,所述的织物层被层压在一起以形成基底。结构的纤维层2a、b、c、至2n具有从层2a到2n递增的变化密度。通过改变纺织类型、纺织紧度等能够改变单层2的密度。结果是结构的总密度在以t表示的方向上增加。所形成的合成物是由纺织纤维组成的三维物,其具有在t方向上递增的密度。可在本发明的基底的制造中采用的纤维的类型包括碳、PAN、石墨、碳化硅、或陶瓷纤维。
在图1中纺织基底的外表面(即,层2a,t=0)上,所述结构具有相当低的密度和高的相对空隙容积,表示相对于整个结构来说每单位面积有较少的纤维。可选地,图1中基底的内表面(即,层2n,t=t`)具有相当高的密度和较低的空隙容积,表示相对于整个结构来说每单位面积有较多的纤维。这种构造的效果是,包括层2n-1和2n的内层将具有较高的强度,以使当系统被加热至高的温度时,所述系统将维持其形状和机械完整性。同时,包括层2a、b、c的外层包括填充有硅烧蚀性树脂(例如,可从通用电气公司得到的RTV树脂等)的较大空隙容积,其将通过包括汽化、热解、表面气体吹散的烧蚀工艺来影响热吸收。因此,烧蚀工艺集中在TRM的外层进行。适用的树脂包括但不限于,RTV-11、12、31或615,均出自通用电气公司。
除了具有包含大量烧蚀性树脂的高容量外,外部层还提供了改进的蒸腾通道,其允许所产生的大量气体排出。大量蒸发气体在TPM的表面提供了增强的热吸收能力,同时缓解了析出气体的内部压力,其使对TPM基底的机械应力和损坏最小化。
图2和3描述了包括在本发明中的另一结构。图2示出了组合的纺织和无纺纤维基底,其由被层压在一起以形成基底的多个织物层组成。基底的织物层2a、b、c、至n具有从层2a至2n递增的变化密度。包括层2a、b、c的外部层由无纺纤维毡材料构成,其具有相对低的密度和相对高的空隙容积。包括直到层2n并包括层2n的内部层具有相对较高的密度和较低的空隙容积。如图1的上述实施例中,内部层被设计为维持强度,同时外部层被设计为执行烧蚀TPM中的固有的热吸收功能。
图3描述了图2中的纤维基底,其已经通过缝制进行了进一步的处理。主要的(staple)纤维毡层、外部层(层2a、b、c)被缝制在一起,并缝制到基底内部(层2n-1、2n)的纺织纤维织物层。缝制对TPM有两种有利影响。首先,单层纤维被重新定位到横切面(cross plane)方向、z方向内,从而在横切面方向上增加了结构的强度。在温度和风切变的极端条件期间(例如,在重返大气层期间),在横切面方向增加的强度改进了TPM的完整性。其次,缝制起到在z方向增加结构的孔隙度的作用,并体现出有利于烧蚀工艺的特征,因为其允许增加重返大气层期间由烧蚀材料产生的气体的释放和蒸发。
图4描述了通过穿过织物层平面和在织物层平面之间驱动单独的纤维缝制是如何提高层的互相连接的。针6容纳在针板12中,其含有多个单个的针。当包括基底的几个层穿过剥离板(stripper plate)16和底板14之间时,针穿过这些层。所述针具有延伸部分(prolong)8,其钩住单独的纤维并强迫它们进入横切面方向。当抽出针时,纤维留在z方向上,且织物中约为针大小的小孔留在此方向上。
如上所述,缝制的作用是提高z方向上即在各层之间的层压层的强度,从而增加三维基底的完整性。此外,所形成的孔成为用于在z方向上释放气体的通道。这提高了TPM烧蚀工艺的效用。
图5是与图1中描述的基底相似的碳纤维基底,且示出纺织纤维2,其在平面(x-和y-)方向上延伸。孔隙4突出显示,且显示为较亮区域。孔隙的相对大小与基底中的空隙容积的量一致,其反过来又是基底含有的烧蚀性树脂的量的测量。基底含有的树脂的量越大,树脂可产生的气体的量越大,其反过来提供了对烧蚀材料的更大的冷却。
当TPM的温度上升到高于发生蒸发和热解的点时,在基底内含有的树脂蒸发并产生必须被释放的内部压力。蒸腾通道对于释放这种有害的内部压力是必要的。而且,气体必须被平稳地释放到平面上,以便气体的冷却效应也分布在整个表面上。从而存在于基底中以释放气体且通过缝制作用增强的通道是本发明的重要方面。
本发明的另一实施例是制造具有浸渍到织物表面内的硅支承RTV的碳织物带材料。然后可使用热和压力层压这种材料以用在适当位置的硅保护方案形成结构纤维增强的组分。这是要求无C-C加工(即炭化和致密化)的工艺。
使用被称为多层互锁编织的三维纺织的纺织技术制造另一实施例。此方法的优点是纤维不仅定向在二维纺织的平面x、y方向上,而且定位在第三z方向上,其用以在z方向上给予结构更大的相互连接和机械强度。用此方法可沿基底的厚度t获得空隙容积和密度的改变,改变到与上面图1中描述的实施例相似的程度。
虽然多层互锁编织技术产生具有在z方向上改进的强度和完整性的结构,其还提供更均匀的流径用于释放和蒸腾在返回期间在烧蚀工艺中产生的气体。改进的释放气体的能力是本发明的所述三维纺织实施例的优点。还可通过在z方向上进一步缝制该结构来提高所述结构释放和蒸腾气体的能力。为此目的,该结构还可被缝制。
基底的浸渍、炭化、和致密化
根据本发明的优选实施例,碳纤维基底如上所述被准备,且用具有高碳含量和低灰分值的酚醛树脂或环氧树脂溶液浸渍。所采用的浸渍工艺通称为树脂传递模塑工艺(RTM)。
有几种树脂制备品(preparation)可能被用于制造C-C复合材料中。它们共同处在于都具有高碳含量。这些树脂制备品包括由Monsanto制造的SC1008酚醛树脂。同样,如在美国专利5,536,562中所参考的,存在可从道尔化学公司及其它公司得到的酚醛清漆环氧基材料。
在图6中描述的这种工艺包括得到纯的或部分致密化的C-C基底并将其置于RTM工具(或模具)22中,并通过使用真空泵24排空空气系统。如上所述,诸如SC1008或酚醛清漆等的树脂制备品被置于供给容器20中。可要求诸如甲苯等的溶剂具有某些被选择的树脂以获得理想的粘度。
接着压力在供给容器20处升高到55psi(+/-15psi),从而以确保通过基底的所有空隙空间的树脂完全渗透的方式,将树脂压力浸渍C-C基底。保持压力在树脂的工作寿命之外。
紧跟浸渍,允许排出剩余的树脂溶液。固化在环境条件下或中温下完成,这取决于制造商对于特定树脂的推荐。然后从模具22去除此部分,且可在150℃或在室温下进一步固化适当的时间。
在去除溶剂并固化后,基底的碳纤维和均匀的树脂涂层一起留下。树脂涂层在整个碳纤维基底上形成碳/树脂基质。
接着在从2到24小时的时间内基底被热处理到高于500℃的温度,这样的时段足以使树脂基质分解为纯碳。此炭化工艺导致被碳基质加强的碳纤维基底的硬化。所形成的材料通称为碳-碳(C-C)基底。所述炭化周期可被重复以使C-C基底获得从1.1g/cc到1.5g/cc的平均密度。然而,在最终用RTV浸渍之前基底的密度将在所述C-C基底的内层处比在外层处更大。
硬化的C-C基底的特征是与未炭化的碳纤维基底相比增加的强度和密度。炭化周期可被重复以获得理想的强度、密度、和空隙特征。除了强度特征外,外部碳化层是绝缘体材料的高度(highly)耐火的表面特征。优选实施例在用RTV浸渍之前采用两个炭化周期。
紧跟炭化,使用RTM工艺用硅基烧蚀性树脂浸渍C-C基底。烧蚀性树脂具有作为其主要元素之一的硅。C-C基底使用RTM工艺浸渍,剩余树脂被排出,且被浸渍的基底被固化以形成树脂基质,其将C-C基底的空隙空间填充到99%。适于使用的硅基烧蚀性树脂包括几种可从通用电气和/或其它制造商获得的RTV型树脂。在选择可选的硅基烧蚀性树脂中,硅优选不呈二氧化硅的形式。
RTV树脂可包括RTV-11、12、31和615,所有都出自通用电气公司。这些树脂的粘度从1,500cps到25,000cps变动。对于粘度较高的RTV树脂,它们可用甲苯稀释,以将粘度降低到RTM工艺能有效工作的程度。固化时间从2小时到7天变动;且固化温度从环境温度到150℃变动。这些树脂的密度从1.00g/cc到1.42g/cc变动。
本发明的另一实施例在用硅基RTV树脂浸渍之前不使用最初的树脂浸渍和炭化周期。相反,碳纤维基底被用硅烧蚀性树脂RTM浸渍并被固化,形成通过硅烧蚀性树脂的应用和固化而硬化的碳-纤维基底。然而,对于所有实施例,RTV树脂被固化但未被炭化,以便在暴露于返回的高温载荷之前没有SiC或SiO2生成。
T-成形技术和绝缘的安装
本发明的C-C复合烧蚀材料可使用在新的和有用的结构配置的制造中。本发明的轻的、坚固的(strong)和保护性的复合材料可以如此方式和配置被制造,以便提供改进的方法将绝缘材料结合到TPM背面。
图7描述了四种T-成形方法,它们可被用于获得不同配置。在每个图中,单独的碳纤维26通过基底30的交叉纤维表面插入到支撑元件28的窄的边缘上。所形成的是未浸渍的碳纤维复合材料预制体32,其可呈T形接头(T-joint)(图8)、I形柱、或波状预制体36形状。T-成形的结果是产生增强的预制体结构,其中所述增强纤维26用树脂浸渍并成为最终硬化的结构的部分。此外,纤维26的插入产生用于释放和蒸腾在烧蚀期间产生的气体的通道。
各种预制体配置的制造可在TPM生产的不同阶段产生。例如,在最初浸渍和炭化之前,两个碳纤维结构可被连接成T形配置。这导致均匀硬化和炭化的结构的产生。
图8示出与RTM浸渍工艺结合的T-成形方法。增强的预制体通过层压纺织和/或无纺纤维织物层(或3-D纺织纤维基底)而产生,以生成两个组分部分—主基底30和支撑元件28。支撑元件28放在RTM工具22中且主元件30被放在支撑元件28之上。通过插入与使用缝合工具36的基底相似的材料的单个纤维26,主元件30被连接至支撑元件28。在与支撑元件28中的纤维的方向平行的方向上插入缝线。如可在图7中看到的,缝线26还可被定位的与支撑元件成一个角度。
在两个元件28、30通过单个纤维26连接后,RTM工具22被密封并通过施加真空给系统而排空空气。接着从处于压力下的(约为55psi,+/-15psi)树脂储存部分20将树脂溶液注入RTM工具。
图9示出优选实施例,其中C-C复合烧蚀材料与T-成形技术结合以产生结合绝缘和有角度的支持的TPM结构,其接着被连接到飞行器的航空壳体。
本发明的优选实施例采用T-成形方法以拐角(angle comer)靠着TPM30的背面放置的方式连接包括一系列近似直角的支撑元件38,形成以相对于背面成约45°的角度从TPM的背面向航空壳体表面凸出的两个支撑元件。支撑元件以与波状结构类似的方式重复,以便两个相邻的支撑元件在航空壳体处会合的点形成近似直角,其面向TPM背面。绝缘材料被附着到TPM的背面和支撑元件,以对飞行器提供另外的热防护。
其它实施例在图10中示出,其中支撑元件28被附着到航空壳体40,且在其下产生的空间用绝缘材料34填充。所述绝缘材料可是以下材料中的一种:由南方研究所生产的气凝胶、由纤维材料公司生产的纤维增强泡沫塑料,包括,或在本领域中所知的其它适合的绝缘材料。
与本领域中可得到的其它C-C烧蚀材料相比,本发明的C-C复合烧蚀材料以更低的重量和成本提供了提高的强度和抗氧化性。本发明的特征包括变化密度和强度、增加的空隙容积、包含烧蚀性树脂的容量、在返回期间释放由烧蚀性树脂产生的气体的改进能力。同样,系统利用碳-碳和硅烧蚀系统的加强的、保护性的、和修复的机制,其用以较少高温和氧化的有害效果。
虽然在本文中已披露和详细地描述了优选实施例,但其范围不应被此限制,其范围应由所附的权利要求限定。

Claims (26)

1、一种用于保护经受高温载荷的表面的热防护系统,包括:
具有外侧和相对的内侧的纤维基底,其中所述外侧远离所述表面朝向,其中所述内侧面对所述表面;其中所述基底具有变化的纤维密度,且所述纤维密度在从所述外侧到所述内侧的方向上增加。
2、根据权利要求1所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维由碳、石墨、碳化硅、或陶瓷制成。
3、根据权利要求1所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底包括多个纺织织物层。
4、根据权利要求1所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底包括多个无纺织物层。
5、根据权利要求1所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底包括多个纺织织物和无纺织物的组合层。
6、根据权利要求1所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底由三维纺织工艺制成。
7、根据权利要求1所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底被层压在一起。
8、根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6、或7所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底在垂直方向上被缝制,所述方向为从外侧到内侧或反之亦然。
9、根据权利要求8所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底具有内侧和与所述内侧相对放置的外侧,且所述纤维基底与由纤维组成的支撑元件接合,其中所述支撑元件具有第一侧和与所述第一侧相对放置的第二侧,其中所述支撑元件的纤维被定向在与所述第一和第二侧平行的方向上,其中所述支撑元件邻接所述基底的内侧,且所述支撑元件的所述第一和第二侧与基底成0°至180°的角度放置,通过插入单独的增强纤维,所述支撑元件与所述基底接合,所述增强纤维被首先通过所述基底的外侧插入,接着穿过所述内侧退出所述基底,然后进入所述支撑元件。
10、根据权利要求8所述的热防护系统,其中所述基底用有机树脂浸渍,所述树脂具有高的碳含量,及炭化至少一次以获得从树脂到碳的转化。
11、根据权利要求9所述的热防护系统,其中所述基底用有机树脂浸渍,所述树脂具有高的碳含量,及炭化至少一次以获得从树脂到碳的转化。
12、根据权利要求10所述的热防护系统,其中所述炭化的基底用硅基烧蚀性树脂浸渍并被固化。
13、根据权利要求11所述的热防护系统,其中所述炭化的基底用硅基烧蚀性树脂浸渍并被固化。
14、根据权利要求12所述的热防护系统,其中所述树脂是RTV型树脂。
15、根据权利要求13所述的热防护系统,其中所述树脂是RTV型树脂。
16、一种用于保护经受高热载荷的表面的热防护系统,包括:
具有外侧和相对的内侧的纤维基底,其中所述外侧远离所述表面朝向,其中所述内侧面对所述表面,其中所述基底在垂直于所述内侧和外侧的平面的方向上被缝制。
17、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维由碳、石墨、碳化硅或陶瓷制成。
18、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底包括多个纺织织物层。
19、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底包括多个无纺织物层。
20、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底包括多个纺织织物和无纺织物的组合层。
21、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底由三维纺织工艺制成。
22、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底被层压在一起。
23、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述基底用硅基烧蚀性树脂浸渍。
24、根据权利要求23所述的热防护系统,其中所述树脂是RTV型树脂。
25、根据权利要求16所述的热防护系统,其中所述纤维基底具有内侧和与所述内侧相对放置的外侧,且所述纤维基底与由纤维组成的支撑元件接合,其中所述支撑元件具有第一侧和与所述第一侧相对放置的第二侧,其中所述支撑元件的纤维被定向在与所述第一和第二侧平行的方向上,其中所述支撑元件邻接所述基底的内侧,且所述支撑元件的所述第一和第二侧与基底成0°到180°的角度放置,所述支撑元件与所述基底接合,所述基底包括单个增强纤维的插入,所述增强纤维首先通过所述基底的外侧被插入,接着穿过所述内侧退出所述基底,然后在平行于所述支撑元件中的纤维的方位的方向上进入所述支撑元件。
26、根据权利要求25所述的热防护系统,其中所述基底与绝缘材料结合,所述绝缘材料附着在所述基底的内侧。
CNB028057406A 2001-01-10 2002-01-09 具有防氧化的硅基树脂的碳纤维复合材料 Expired - Fee Related CN1285463C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/755,160 2001-01-10
US09/755,160 US6555211B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2001-01-10 Carbon composites with silicon based resin to inhibit oxidation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1494519A true CN1494519A (zh) 2004-05-05
CN1285463C CN1285463C (zh) 2006-11-22

Family

ID=25037965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB028057406A Expired - Fee Related CN1285463C (zh) 2001-01-10 2002-01-09 具有防氧化的硅基树脂的碳纤维复合材料

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (2) US6555211B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1353885B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4458510B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100692363B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1285463C (zh)
AT (1) ATE308489T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2002338656B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR0206401B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2434138C (zh)
DE (1) DE60207040T2 (zh)
DK (1) DK1353885T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2252477T3 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA03006171A (zh)
NO (1) NO20033154L (zh)
NZ (1) NZ526928A (zh)
RU (1) RU2293718C2 (zh)
TW (1) TW537975B (zh)
WO (1) WO2002083595A2 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200305309B (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101792026A (zh) * 2010-04-16 2010-08-04 哈尔滨工业大学 玄武岩纤维布填充超高速撞击防护结构材料的制备方法
CN101208191B (zh) * 2005-06-24 2012-10-31 斯奈克玛 一种复合材料部件用的增强纤维结构和使用这种结构的部件
CN103411098A (zh) * 2013-08-28 2013-11-27 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种耐高温一体化刚性隔热构件及其制备方法
CN101918630B (zh) * 2007-11-09 2014-01-01 阿尔巴尼复合物工程股份有限公司 用于复合结构应用的混杂三维织造/层合支撑物
CN111409321A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-14 山东众途复合材料有限公司 一种具有密度梯度的碳纤维硬毡的制备方法

Families Citing this family (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6555211B2 (en) * 2001-01-10 2003-04-29 Albany International Techniweave, Inc. Carbon composites with silicon based resin to inhibit oxidation
DE10222258A1 (de) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-09 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Verbundkeramikkörper sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen
FR2845754B1 (fr) * 2002-10-11 2005-05-06 Materiaux Composites Ind Mci Nappe isolante thermique et acoustique
US20060006729A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Honeywell International Inc. Composite wheel beam key
US7481248B2 (en) * 2004-09-15 2009-01-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Flexible heat shields and method
DE102004061438B3 (de) * 2004-12-17 2006-04-06 Sgl Carbon Ag Kalibrierkörper, Lehre oder Messeinrichtung, vorzugsweise Gewindemesseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
US9199394B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2015-12-01 Southern Research Institute Method for the manufacturing of a composite
ITLE20050008A1 (it) * 2005-05-24 2006-11-25 Megatex S P A Filati di origine naturale e sintetica con caratteristiche di barriera al trasporto di calore ottenuti attraverso la deposizione di aerogel.
US7549840B2 (en) * 2005-06-17 2009-06-23 General Electric Company Through thickness reinforcement of SiC/SiC CMC's through in-situ matrix plugs manufactured using fugitive fibers
US7754126B2 (en) * 2005-06-17 2010-07-13 General Electric Company Interlaminar tensile reinforcement of SiC/SiC CMC's using fugitive fibers
US20070014979A1 (en) 2005-07-15 2007-01-18 Aspen Aerogels, Inc. Secured Aerogel Composites and Methods of Manufacture Thereof
JP4855753B2 (ja) * 2005-10-03 2012-01-18 富士通株式会社 多層配線基板及びその製造方法
US7682577B2 (en) 2005-11-07 2010-03-23 Geo2 Technologies, Inc. Catalytic exhaust device for simplified installation or replacement
US7682578B2 (en) 2005-11-07 2010-03-23 Geo2 Technologies, Inc. Device for catalytically reducing exhaust
US8039050B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2011-10-18 Geo2 Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for strengthening a porous substrate
US7722828B2 (en) 2005-12-30 2010-05-25 Geo2 Technologies, Inc. Catalytic fibrous exhaust system and method for catalyzing an exhaust gas
FR2902802B1 (fr) * 2006-06-21 2008-12-12 Snecma Propulsion Solide Sa Structure fibreuse de renfort pour piece en materiau composite et piece la comportant
FR2902803B1 (fr) * 2006-06-21 2008-11-14 Snecma Propulsion Solide Sa Structure fibreuse de renfort pour piece en materiau composite et piece la comportant
EP2065109B1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2018-12-05 Kureha Corporation Laminated molded article containing carbon fiber and method for production thereof
KR100918137B1 (ko) * 2006-10-19 2009-09-17 시니흐 엔터프라이즈 컴퍼니 리미티드 가변 밀도를 갖는 섬유 패드 구조체
JP5112029B2 (ja) * 2007-01-26 2013-01-09 イビデン株式会社 シート材およびその製造方法、排気ガス処理装置およびその製造方法、ならびに消音装置
US20080220256A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 Ues, Inc. Methods of coating carbon/carbon composite structures
WO2008154405A1 (en) 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Aasgaard Alvin L Pepper An article of manufacture for warming the human body and extremities via graduated thermal insulation
GB0806921D0 (en) * 2008-04-16 2008-05-21 Airbus Uk Ltd Composite laminate with self-healing layer
FR2933634B1 (fr) * 2008-07-10 2010-08-27 Snecma Aube redresseur de soufflante en composite 3d
FR2939153B1 (fr) * 2008-11-28 2011-12-09 Snecma Propulsion Solide Realisation d'une structure fibreuse a epaisseur evolutive par tissage 3d
US8859083B2 (en) * 2008-12-30 2014-10-14 Albany Engineered Composites, Inc. Quasi-isotropic three-dimensional preform and method of making thereof
JP4825899B2 (ja) 2009-06-22 2011-11-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 繊維強化樹脂の製造方法、繊維強化樹脂の製造装置
EP2691181A4 (en) * 2011-03-28 2014-12-03 Megtec Turbosonic Inc WESP PRECIPITATED ELECTRODE FROM AN EROSIS-RESISTANT CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITE MATERIAL
JP5727923B2 (ja) * 2011-12-12 2015-06-03 川崎重工業株式会社 アブレータ
RU2493057C1 (ru) * 2012-04-24 2013-09-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью НПП "ПОЛИПЛЕН" Терморегулирующий материал
FR2997471B1 (fr) * 2012-10-29 2014-11-07 Tecalemit Aerospace Tuyauterie composite
FR3000971B1 (fr) * 2013-01-11 2016-05-27 Saint Gobain Isover Produit d'isolation thermique a base de laine minerale et procede de fabrication du produit
US9440752B1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration (Nasa) Modification of surface density of a porous medium
US10604872B1 (en) 2014-03-06 2020-03-31 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa Woven thermal protection system
KR101640218B1 (ko) * 2014-06-26 2016-07-18 파낙스 이텍(주) 전도성 실리콘 수지 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전자파 차폐용 가스켓
RU2593184C2 (ru) * 2014-09-15 2016-07-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения" (ФГУП ЦНИИмаш) Теплозащитное покрытие корпуса летательного аппарата
US10539346B2 (en) * 2015-09-25 2020-01-21 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Autonomic cooling system
US10017426B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2018-07-10 Honeywell International Inc. High density carbon-carbon friction materials
RU175034U1 (ru) * 2016-12-21 2017-11-16 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Схема теплозащитного покрытия многоразового теплового щита спускаемого аппарата для возвращения после полета к Луне
RU173721U1 (ru) * 2016-12-21 2017-09-07 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Схема теплозащитного покрытия многоразового теплового щита спускаемого аппарата для возвращения с низкой околоземной орбиты
RU2714554C2 (ru) * 2018-03-29 2020-02-18 Эдуард Павлович Цыганов Устройство для торможения и защиты спускаемого летательного аппарата в атмосфере планеты Э.П. Цыганова
CN109910390B (zh) * 2019-03-04 2020-10-09 湖北菲利华石英玻璃股份有限公司 一种梯度密度树脂复合材料预制体制备方法
CN111703148B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2021-06-22 山东智程达海洋科技有限公司 一种硅基复合材料绝热垫及其制备方法
CN111997781B (zh) * 2020-07-17 2022-02-08 上海复合材料科技有限公司 基于rtm工艺半固化表面的复合材料扩散段成型方法
CN112265347A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2021-01-26 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种结构承载-烧蚀防热一体化复合材料及其制备方法
CN116122504B (zh) * 2022-12-19 2023-09-12 江苏天鸟高新技术股份有限公司 基于纤维工字梁的双向连续交叉件预制体及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3113521A (en) 1959-02-02 1963-12-10 Nuclear Corp Of America Inc Silica heat barrier
US3243313A (en) 1960-04-25 1966-03-29 Ling Temco Vought Inc Heat-resistant article
US3152548A (en) 1962-10-03 1964-10-13 Martin Marietta Corp Thermal insulating structure
US3264135A (en) 1962-11-28 1966-08-02 Noel T Wakelyn Method of coating carbonaceous base to prevent oxidation destruction and coated base
US3603260A (en) 1969-01-15 1971-09-07 Nasa Stand-off type ablative heat shield
US4038440A (en) * 1972-01-24 1977-07-26 Avco Corporation Three dimensional fabric material
US4031059A (en) 1974-01-21 1977-06-21 Martin Marietta Corporation Low density ablator compositions
US4100322A (en) 1974-12-11 1978-07-11 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Fiber-resin-carbon composites and method of fabrication
US4016322A (en) 1975-09-12 1977-04-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Ablative protective material for reentry bodies
US4131708A (en) 1976-07-27 1978-12-26 Fiber Materials, Inc. Selectively modified carbon-carbon composites
US4193828A (en) 1976-07-27 1980-03-18 Fiber Materials, Inc. Method of forming carbon composites
US4252588A (en) 1977-09-19 1981-02-24 Science Applications, Inc. Method for fabricating a reinforced composite
US4201611A (en) 1978-04-17 1980-05-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Carbon/carbon composite for re-entry vehicle applications
US4430286A (en) 1980-07-14 1984-02-07 Celotex Corporation Variable density board having improved thermal and acoustical properties and method and apparatus for producing same
US4539252A (en) 1980-07-14 1985-09-03 Celotex Corporation Variable density board having improved thermal and acoustical properties and method and apparatus for producing same
JPS5727746A (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-15 Toho Beslon Co Three dimensional fiber reinforcing composite material and its manufacture
US4522883A (en) 1984-02-09 1985-06-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Circumferentially wrapped carbon-carbon structure
US4833030A (en) 1984-05-18 1989-05-23 Hitco Polymer impregnated and carbonized carbon/carbon composite
US4515847A (en) 1984-08-22 1985-05-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Erosion-resistant nosetip construction
US4713275A (en) 1986-05-14 1987-12-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ceramic/ceramic shell tile thermal protection system and method thereof
FR2612280B1 (fr) 1987-03-13 1989-06-30 France Etat Armement Revetement destine a la protection thermique d'une structure soumise a des conditions d'agressions thermiques intenses
US4983451A (en) 1987-08-05 1991-01-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material and process for producing the same
US5242723A (en) 1988-08-19 1993-09-07 Osaka Gas Company, Ltd. Formed thermal insulator and process for preparation of same
JP2862580B2 (ja) * 1988-08-19 1999-03-03 大阪瓦斯株式会社 成形断熱材とその製造方法
US4894286A (en) 1988-11-07 1990-01-16 Rohr Industries, Inc. Oxidation resistant refractory coated carbon-carbon composites
JP2607670B2 (ja) * 1989-03-01 1997-05-07 大阪瓦斯株式会社 成形断熱材
US5112545A (en) 1990-02-14 1992-05-12 Airfoil Textron Inc. Composite preforms and articles and methods for their manufacture
US5079074A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-01-07 Cumulus Fibres, Inc. Dual density non-woven batt
US5108830A (en) 1991-02-01 1992-04-28 The United States Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Shape-stable reentry body nose tip
JPH05132359A (ja) * 1991-11-08 1993-05-28 Ntn Corp 炭素繊維・セラミツクス複合材料
FR2690499B1 (fr) 1992-04-23 1995-06-30 Aerospatiale Dispositif de protection thermique d'un objet et structure, notamment bouclier thermique, ainsi obtenue.
US5413859A (en) 1992-10-28 1995-05-09 Lockhead Corporation Sublimitable carbon-carbon structure for nose tip for re-entry space vehicle
US5291830A (en) 1992-10-30 1994-03-08 Lockheed Corporation Dual-mode semi-passive nosetip for a hypersonic weapon
RU2084425C1 (ru) 1992-12-30 1997-07-20 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита Способ получения изделий из углерод-карбидокремниевого композиционного материала и углерод-карбидокремниевый композиционный материал
US5536574A (en) 1993-08-02 1996-07-16 Loral Vought Systems Corporation Oxidation protection for carbon/carbon composites
US5536562A (en) 1994-03-14 1996-07-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Low-density resin impregnated ceramic article having an average density of 0.15 to 0.40 g/cc
FR2732338B1 (fr) 1995-03-28 1997-06-13 Europ Propulsion Materiau composite protege contre l'oxydation par matrice auto-cicatrisante et son procede de fabrication
BR9707462A (pt) * 1996-01-30 2000-01-04 Textron Systems Corp Composto ablativo/isolante tridimensionalmente reforçado
US5705012A (en) 1996-04-22 1998-01-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method for molding planar billet of thermally insulative material into predetermined non-planar shape
US6103337A (en) * 1998-07-09 2000-08-15 Albany International Techniweave, Inc. Fiber-reinforced composite materials structures and methods of making same
US6136418A (en) 1999-03-01 2000-10-24 Rotary Rocket Company Rapidly removable thermal protection system for reusable launch vehicle
DK1305268T3 (da) * 2000-07-26 2010-12-20 Ballard Power Systems Carbonmatrix-kompositsammensætninger og dertil relaterede fremgangsmåder
US6555211B2 (en) * 2001-01-10 2003-04-29 Albany International Techniweave, Inc. Carbon composites with silicon based resin to inhibit oxidation

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101208191B (zh) * 2005-06-24 2012-10-31 斯奈克玛 一种复合材料部件用的增强纤维结构和使用这种结构的部件
CN101918630B (zh) * 2007-11-09 2014-01-01 阿尔巴尼复合物工程股份有限公司 用于复合结构应用的混杂三维织造/层合支撑物
CN101792026A (zh) * 2010-04-16 2010-08-04 哈尔滨工业大学 玄武岩纤维布填充超高速撞击防护结构材料的制备方法
CN103411098A (zh) * 2013-08-28 2013-11-27 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种耐高温一体化刚性隔热构件及其制备方法
CN103411098B (zh) * 2013-08-28 2016-06-08 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种耐高温一体化刚性隔热构件及其制备方法
CN111409321A (zh) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-14 山东众途复合材料有限公司 一种具有密度梯度的碳纤维硬毡的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2293718C2 (ru) 2007-02-20
EP1353885A2 (en) 2003-10-22
DE60207040T2 (de) 2006-07-27
NO20033154D0 (no) 2003-07-09
BR0206401A (pt) 2005-01-18
CA2434138C (en) 2009-12-22
EP1353885B1 (en) 2005-11-02
US20030148081A1 (en) 2003-08-07
KR100692363B1 (ko) 2007-03-09
JP2004527441A (ja) 2004-09-09
KR20030086589A (ko) 2003-11-10
WO2002083595A2 (en) 2002-10-24
TW537975B (en) 2003-06-21
NO20033154L (no) 2003-09-08
US6936339B2 (en) 2005-08-30
BR0206401B1 (pt) 2011-07-26
CN1285463C (zh) 2006-11-22
US20020090873A1 (en) 2002-07-11
WO2002083595A3 (en) 2003-04-24
ZA200305309B (en) 2004-07-09
MXPA03006171A (es) 2004-11-12
CA2434138A1 (en) 2002-10-24
ES2252477T3 (es) 2006-05-16
ATE308489T1 (de) 2005-11-15
NZ526928A (en) 2005-03-24
US6555211B2 (en) 2003-04-29
DK1353885T3 (da) 2005-12-05
JP4458510B2 (ja) 2010-04-28
RU2003121309A (ru) 2005-03-10
AU2002338656B2 (en) 2007-11-22
DE60207040D1 (de) 2005-12-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1285463C (zh) 具有防氧化的硅基树脂的碳纤维复合材料
AU2002338656A1 (en) Thermal protection system having a variable density of fibers
US7001544B2 (en) Method for manufacturing carbon-carbon composites
US11097983B2 (en) Methods of forming ceramic matrix composites using sacrificial fibers and related products
JP6318175B2 (ja) 湾曲したセラミック音響減衰パネルの製造方法
EP1559539B1 (en) Integrally woven ceramic composites
JP3766694B2 (ja) 三次元強化アブレーティブ/断熱複合材
CN108911760A (zh) 碳纤维增强树脂梯度碳化非烧蚀型热防护材料及制备方法
JP2015504980A (ja) 薄肉部を有する複合材料部品のための繊維補強構造
US6955853B1 (en) Secondary polymer layered impregnated tile
US5985405A (en) Three dimensionally reinforced ablative/insulative composite
KR102492434B1 (ko) 다층 코팅이 적용된 내산화성 탄소 복합재 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 내산화성 탄소 복합재
CN112341226A (zh) 一种表层孔隙可控的高力学性能纤维织物的成型方法
JP6122377B2 (ja) 表面が強化された熱防御複合材およびその製造方法
JP6959223B2 (ja) 複合材料部品
JP3784658B2 (ja) 熱防護材の製造方法
US9988750B2 (en) Method of fabricating a composite material part with improved intra-yarn densification
JPH038770A (ja) 炭素繊維強化炭素材及びその製造法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20061122

Termination date: 20200109