CN111703148B - 一种硅基复合材料绝热垫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硅基复合材料绝热垫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111703148B
CN111703148B CN202010589744.7A CN202010589744A CN111703148B CN 111703148 B CN111703148 B CN 111703148B CN 202010589744 A CN202010589744 A CN 202010589744A CN 111703148 B CN111703148 B CN 111703148B
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fiber cloth
hydrosol
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attapulgite
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CN111703148A (zh
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李广志
孙庆帅
高文晶
张治超
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Li Guangzhi
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Shandong Zhichengda Marine Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硅基复合材料绝热垫，包括连续相纤维布基材和填充相硅基绝热材料，纤维布基材为1‑5层，硅基绝热材料包括以下重量份的组分：纤维棉15‑20份、玻化微珠120‑180份、漂珠5‑10份、凹凸棒土水溶胶5‑10份和二氧化硅水溶胶5‑8份。本发明将硅基绝热材料涂抹在纤维布基材上制备出复合材料的绝热垫，在该绝热垫中，纤维布作为连续相起到增强力学强度的作用，硅基绝热材料起着绝热的作用，使本发明绝热垫兼具高隔热绝热性能和高强度的特性。

Description

一种硅基复合材料绝热垫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及绝热复合材料，尤其涉及一种硅基复合材料绝热垫及其制备方法。
背景技术
温管道保温的瓦壳一般采用的是珍珠岩、硅酸盐、硅酸钙或者微孔硅酸钙瓦壳，这类瓦壳主要材料是珍珠岩和硅酸钙加水玻璃胶压制而成，导热系数高但质地脆、易碎、使用寿命短。
专利CN107759190公开了纳米硅基复合断热瓦壳及其制备方法，齐配方为纤维棉、玻化微珠、漂珠、凹凸棒土水溶胶和二氧化硅水溶胶，在模具中模压成型，制备出的瓦壳仅是上述组分的简单混合，综合强度存在一定的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明针对现有硅酸盐类隔热材料综合强度差的问题，提供一种硅基复合材料绝热垫及其制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种硅基复合材料绝热垫，包括连续相纤维布基材和填充相硅基绝热材料，所述纤维布基材为1-5层，所述硅基绝热材料包括以下重量份的组分：纤维棉15-20份、玻化微珠120-180份、漂珠5-10份、凹凸棒土水溶胶5-10份和二氧化硅水溶胶5-8份；
每层所述纤维布基材独立地选自玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布或芳纶布之一；所述纤维棉为高硅氧棉、玻璃纤维棉、陶瓷纤维棉中的任意一种或任意两种或三种的组合物；所述凹凸棒土水溶胶的质量浓度为40%-55%，是由超高速分散机将细度为800目以上的超细凹凸棒土分散而成；所述二氧化硅水溶胶的质量浓度为30%-40%，是由超高速分散机将20-60纳米的纳米二氧化硅分散而成；
本发明硅基复合材料绝热垫的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1）纤维棉的处理
用剪切梳理机剪切梳理纤维棉，去除杂质，使纤维净化、蓬松、纤维羽状化，剪切为1-2厘米的短纤维；
2）水溶胶的制备
用超高速分散机，转数为8000rpm，将超细凹凸棒土分散成凹凸棒土水溶胶，转数为30000rpm，将纳米二氧化硅分散成二氧化硅水溶胶；
3）硅基绝热材料的制备
按重量份称取各组分，将步骤1）所得短纤维和玻化微珠、漂珠混合后加入到凹凸棒土水溶胶中，500-800rpm搅拌5-10min，再加入二氧化硅水溶胶，相同的转数搅拌5-15min，制得硅基绝热材料；
4）涂抹
将步骤3）所得硅基绝热材料等量地涂抹在纤维布基材的两侧，单侧涂抹量为2-4g/cm2；
5）堆叠成型
将步骤4）涂抹后的纤维布基材对齐堆叠至所需层数，常温下阴干5-10h后20-30MPa静压2-4h，将边缘废料裁剪后装入纤维布套中，封边即得。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明将硅基绝热材料涂抹在纤维布基材上制备出复合材料的绝热垫，在该绝热垫中，纤维布作为连续相起到增强力学强度的作用，硅基绝热材料起着绝热的作用，使本发明绝热垫兼具高隔热绝热性能和高强度的特性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种硅基复合材料绝热垫，包括连续相纤维布基材和填充相硅基绝热材料，纤维布基材为3层，由下向上依次为玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布和芳纶布，硅基绝热材料包括以下重量份的组分：高硅氧棉17份、玻化微珠160份、漂珠8份、凹凸棒土水溶胶80份和二氧化硅水溶胶6.5份，其中，凹凸棒土水溶胶的质量浓度为48%，是由超高速分散机将细度为800目以上的超细凹凸棒土分散而成，二氧化硅水溶胶的质量浓度为35%，是由超高速分散机将20纳米的纳米二氧化硅分散而成。
本实施例硅基复合材料绝热垫的制备方法为：
1）纤维棉的处理
用剪切梳理机剪切梳理纤维棉，去除杂质，使纤维净化、蓬松、纤维羽状化，剪切为1厘米的短纤维；
2）水溶胶的制备
用超高速分散机，转数为8000rpm，将超细凹凸棒土分散成凹凸棒土水溶胶，转数为30000rpm，将纳米二氧化硅分散成二氧化硅水溶胶；
3）硅基绝热材料的制备
按重量份称取各组分，将步骤1）所得短纤维和玻化微珠、漂珠混合后加入到凹凸棒土水溶胶中，800rpm搅拌10min，再加入二氧化硅水溶胶，相同的转数搅拌15min，制得硅基绝热材料；
4）涂抹
将步骤3）所得硅基绝热材料等量地涂抹在纤维布基材的两侧，单侧涂抹量为3g/cm2；
5）堆叠成型
将步骤4）涂抹后的纤维布基材对齐堆叠至所需层数，常温下阴干8h后25MPa静压3h，将边缘废料裁剪后装入纤维布套中，封边即得。
实施例2
一种硅基复合材料绝热垫，包括连续相纤维布基材和填充相硅基绝热材料，纤维布基材为单层玻璃纤维布，硅基绝热材料包括以下重量份的组分：玻璃纤维棉15份、玻化微珠180份、漂珠5份、凹凸棒土水溶胶10份和二氧化硅水溶胶5份，其中，凹凸棒土水溶胶的质量浓度为40%，是由超高速分散机将细度为800目以上的超细凹凸棒土分散而成，二氧化硅水溶胶的质量浓度为40%，是由超高速分散机将40纳米的纳米二氧化硅分散而成。
本实施例硅基复合材料绝热垫的制备方法为：
1）纤维棉的处理
用剪切梳理机剪切梳理纤维棉，去除杂质，使纤维净化、蓬松、纤维羽状化，剪切为2厘米的短纤维；
2）水溶胶的制备
用超高速分散机，转数为8000rpm，将超细凹凸棒土分散成凹凸棒土水溶胶，转数为30000rpm，将纳米二氧化硅分散成二氧化硅水溶胶；
3）硅基绝热材料的制备
按重量份称取各组分，将步骤1）所得短纤维和玻化微珠、漂珠混合后加入到凹凸棒土水溶胶中，500rpm搅拌7min，再加入二氧化硅水溶胶，相同的转数搅拌10min，制得硅基绝热材料；
4）涂抹
将步骤3）所得硅基绝热材料等量地涂抹在纤维布基材的两侧，单侧涂抹量为4g/cm2；
5）堆叠成型
将步骤4）涂抹后的纤维布基材对齐堆叠至所需层数，常温下阴干5h后20MPa静压2h，将边缘废料裁剪后装入纤维布套中，封边即得。
实施例3
一种硅基复合材料绝热垫，包括连续相纤维布基材和填充相硅基绝热材料，纤维布基材为5层，由下向上依次为玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布、芳纶布、玄武岩纤维布和玻璃纤维布，硅基绝热材料包括以下重量份的组分：陶瓷纤维棉20份、玻化微珠120份、漂珠10份、凹凸棒土水溶胶5份和二氧化硅水溶胶8份，其中，凹凸棒土水溶胶的质量浓度为55%，是由超高速分散机将细度为800目以上的超细凹凸棒土分散而成，二氧化硅水溶胶的质量浓度为30%，是由超高速分散机将60纳米的纳米二氧化硅分散而成。
本实施例硅基复合材料绝热垫的制备方法为：
1）纤维棉的处理
用剪切梳理机剪切梳理纤维棉，去除杂质，使纤维净化、蓬松、纤维羽状化，剪切为2厘米的短纤维；
2）水溶胶的制备
用超高速分散机，转数为8000rpm，将超细凹凸棒土分散成凹凸棒土水溶胶，转数为30000rpm，将纳米二氧化硅分散成二氧化硅水溶胶；
3）硅基绝热材料的制备
按重量份称取各组分，将步骤1）所得短纤维和玻化微珠、漂珠混合后加入到凹凸棒土水溶胶中，600rpm搅拌5min，再加入二氧化硅水溶胶，相同的转数搅拌5min，制得硅基绝热材料；
4）涂抹
将步骤3）所得硅基绝热材料等量地涂抹在纤维布基材的两侧，单侧涂抹量为2g/cm2；
5）堆叠成型
将步骤4）涂抹后的纤维布基材对齐堆叠至所需层数，常温下阴干10h后30MPa静压4h，将边缘废料裁剪后装入纤维布套中，封边即得。
Figure 7011DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
对比例1-3分别为实施例1-3中硅基绝热材料在模具中采用相同的压力制备成的等厚度的耐火砖，并进行建筑行业相关检测，结果如表1和表2所示。
注：检测依据为GB/T 17371-2008《硅酸盐绝热复合涂料》、GB/T 10294-2008《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定防护热板法》、GB/T 10295-2008《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定热流计法》、GB/T 5464-2010《建筑材料不燃性试验方法》、GB/T 14402-2007《建筑材料及制品的燃烧性能燃烧热值的测定》。
Figure 786748DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
注：抗冲击强度执行标准为GB/T15231.5-1994。
对比例1-3复合材料分别为实施例1-3去除纳米氧化锆、纳米氧化钇和海泡石绒。将实施例2和3和对比例1-3所得复合材料分别按表1的标准进行相关性能检测，结果如表2所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种硅基复合材料绝热垫，包括连续相纤维布基材和填充相硅基绝热材料，其特征在于，所述纤维布基材为1-5层，所述硅基绝热材料包括以下重量份的组分：纤维棉15-20份、玻化微珠120-180份、漂珠5-10份、凹凸棒土水溶胶5-10份和二氧化硅水溶胶5-8份；
每层所述纤维布基材独立地选自玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布或芳纶布之一；所述纤维棉为高硅氧棉、玻璃纤维棉、陶瓷纤维棉中的任意一种或任意两种或三种的组合物；所述凹凸棒土水溶胶的质量浓度为40％-55％，是由超高速分散机将细度为800目以上的超细凹凸棒土分散而成；所述二氧化硅水溶胶的质量浓度为30％-40％，是由超高速分散机将20-60纳米的纳米二氧化硅分散而成；
所述硅基复合材料绝热垫的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)纤维棉的处理
用剪切梳理机剪切梳理纤维棉，去除杂质，使纤维净化、蓬松、纤维羽状化，剪切为1-2厘米的短纤维；
2)水溶胶的制备
用超高速分散机，转数为8000rpm，将超细凹凸棒土分散成凹凸棒土水溶胶，转数为30000rpm，将纳米二氧化硅分散成二氧化硅水溶胶；
3)硅基绝热材料的制备
按重量份称取各组分，将步骤1)所得短纤维和玻化微珠、漂珠混合后加入到凹凸棒土水溶胶中，500-800rpm搅拌5-10min，再加入二氧化硅水溶胶，相同的转数搅拌5-15min，制得硅基绝热材料；
4)涂抹
将步骤3)所得硅基绝热材料等量地涂抹在纤维布基材的两侧，单侧涂抹量为2-4g/cm2；
5)堆叠成型
将步骤4)涂抹后的纤维布基材对齐堆叠至所需层数，常温下阴干5-10h后20-30MPa静压2-4h，将边缘废料裁剪后装入纤维布套中，封边即得。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的硅基复合材料绝热垫的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)纤维棉的处理
用剪切梳理机剪切梳理纤维棉，去除杂质，使纤维净化、蓬松、纤维羽状化，剪切为1-2厘米的短纤维；
2)水溶胶的制备
用超高速分散机，转数为8000rpm，将超细凹凸棒土分散成凹凸棒土水溶胶，转数为30000rpm，将纳米二氧化硅分散成二氧化硅水溶胶；
3)硅基绝热材料的制备
按重量份称取各组分，将步骤1)所得短纤维和玻化微珠、漂珠混合后加入到凹凸棒土水溶胶中，500-800rpm搅拌5-10min，再加入二氧化硅水溶胶，相同的转数搅拌5-15min，制得硅基绝热材料；
4)涂抹
将步骤3)所得硅基绝热材料等量地涂抹在纤维布基材的两侧，单侧涂抹量为2-4g/cm2；
5)堆叠成型
将步骤4)涂抹后的纤维布基材对齐堆叠至所需层数，常温下阴干5-10h后20-30MPa静压2-4h，将边缘废料裁剪后装入纤维布套中，封边即得。
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