CN110549701A - 一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板 - Google Patents

一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板 Download PDF

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CN110549701A
CN110549701A CN201910805242.0A CN201910805242A CN110549701A CN 110549701 A CN110549701 A CN 110549701A CN 201910805242 A CN201910805242 A CN 201910805242A CN 110549701 A CN110549701 A CN 110549701A
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puncture
film
insulation panel
vacuum insulation
fiber cloth
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陈照峰
余倩华
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Suzhou Superlong Aviation Heat Resistance Material Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou Superlong Aviation Heat Resistance Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板，由耐穿刺防火布、阻隔膜和芯材三部分组成。耐穿刺防火布由上、下两层纤维布浸渍硅橡胶后硫化交联得到；阻隔膜由结构增强性薄膜、气体阻隔性薄膜和热封性薄膜组成；耐穿刺防火布和阻隔膜通过纤维式喷胶热轧工艺复合；芯材是玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、气凝胶中的一种或两种。该真空绝热板导热系数低，在建筑领域能起到良好的保温节能效果，且耐穿刺性能好，在施工和使用过程中不易破损，可以有效避免真空绝热板的失效，提高真空绝热板的使用寿命。

Description

一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板
技术领域
本发明涉及真空绝热板，具体涉及一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板。
背景技术
建筑保温在发展节能建筑中起着至关重要的作用，而真空绝热板(VIP)由于其较高的热阻，可以作为传统建筑保温材料的有效替代品。真空绝热板基于真空绝热原理，通过最大限度地提高板内真空度，并采取多种措施以消除或弱化板内的热量传递使其传热量降至最低，成为目前导热系数最低的材料之一。相比于其他绝热材料，真空绝热板不仅具有5～10倍更加优异的绝热性能，还能保持较高的强度和低密度。在满足相同绝热效果的情况下，真空绝热板的厚度仅为其他绝热材料的1/5～1/10，赋予了节能建筑更薄的墙壁厚度以及更大的室内空间，使得真空绝热板越来越受到人们的青睐。另外，真空绝热板在生产和应用过程中不使用消耗臭氧层物质，可回收利用，具有安全节能和绿色环保的双重优点。
真空绝热板是一个多组元系统，由芯材、膜材、吸气剂和遮光剂组成。其中，芯材是真空绝热板的核心材料，主要起支撑真空绝热板的结构和阻隔热量传递的作用。膜材是真空绝热板的外围包覆材料，起阻隔气体和水蒸气的作用，能够持续保持真空绝热板内部的高真空度。真空绝热板与其他绝热材料的最大不同在于其内部呈高真空态，也是其具备超级绝热性能的关键。因此，真空绝热板的完整性至关重要。但是，在建筑领域安装和使用真空绝热板过程中的穿刺问题一直是难以解决的难题，一旦被穿刺，真空绝热板内部真空度迅速下降，导热系数上升，轻则使用寿命严重缩短，重则真空绝热板直接报废，造成巨大的经济损失。
中国发明专利（申请号：CN201810072475.X 专利名称：一种新型真空绝热板的制备方法）公开了一种新型真空绝热板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将保温芯材烘干，装入内阻隔袋中，抽真空后封口，得到内真空绝热板；将内真空绝热板放置在两块板状保温材料中间，得到内芯；将内芯装入外阻隔袋中，抽真空后封口，芯膜一体化处理得到真空绝热板。本发明提供的新型真空绝热板的制备方法增强了真空绝热板的强度和耐穿刺性，即使外阻隔袋因意外破损，也不会影响保温性能。
中国发明专利（申请号：201610465275.1 专利名称：一种真空绝热板的制备方法）公开了一种真空绝热板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：S1：将玻璃微珠、玻璃纤维和活性炭纤维等比例混合；S2：将S1中的混合物与甲基纤维素饱和溶液充分搅拌混合，混合形成絮状；S3：依据厚度要求均匀地将S2中的混合物倒在不锈钢筛网上，通过晾晒、烘干、裁切后得到真空绝热板芯材；S4：将真空绝热板芯材置于阻隔包装袋内，并进行抽真空封装得到真空绝热板。S1中玻璃微珠占30%～50%；玻璃纤维占49%～69%；活性炭纤维占1%～6%。筛网为60～90目规格。玻璃微珠为空心玻璃微珠。本发明的真空绝热板的制备方法简单方便，大大提高了真空绝热板的隔热效果，同时轻度大，韧性好，可弯折10%左右。同时，采用筛网晾晒烘干的方式有效解决了气鼓的问题。
欧洲发明专利（申请号：EP13813311.1专利名称：Vacuum Insulation Panel withImproved Rupturing and Preparation Method Thereof）公开了一种改善断裂的真空绝热板及其制备方法， 所述真空绝热板包括：芯材以及包覆所述芯材的壳体材料，所述壳体具有层状结构，所述层状结构包括表面保护层、金属阻挡层和热沉积层，所述真空绝热板的密封强度为5- 15 kgf。此外，本发明还提供了一种真空绝热板的制备方法，包括：通过将热沉积层、金属阻挡层和表面保护层依次分层制备壳体材料；在壳体材料之间插入芯材；将壳体材料减压密封，形成真空绝热板；对真空保温板进行热处理，其中真空保温板的密封强度为5-15 kgf。
美国发明专利（申请号：US12834065专利名称：Vacuum Insulation Panel,Insulated Masonry Structure Comprising Same, And Method Of Construction）提供了一种真空绝热板，其包括多个堆叠的有机玻纤片、叠层或网状单片玻纤芯的芯体，以及包含该芯体的真空密封外壳。玻璃纤维片由公称直径约1.5-3.0微米的玻璃纤维制成，外壳由退火不锈钢箔制成。真空绝热板厚度约为1 ~ 2.5英寸，在1.0E-02 ~ 1.0E+01 mTorr的中等真空水平下，绝缘值R至少为56.8。此外，提供了真空绝热板的制造方法以及施工方法，在真空绝热板与两堵墙之间的空隙中，最好是填充材料，如加混凝土、玻璃纤维、泡沫等处理的空隙，部分或完全包住真空绝热板。
目前存在的技术问题是真空绝热板在安装和使用过程中容易穿刺破损，导致真空绝热板的保温隔热性能下降，寿命缩短，造成巨大的经济损失。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板，该真空绝热板导热系数低，在建筑领域能起到良好的保温节能效果，且耐穿刺性能好，在施工和使用过程中不易破损，可以有效避免真空绝热板的失效，提高真空绝热板的使用寿命。
为实现本发明的目的，采用如下技术方案：提供了一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板，其特征在于所述真空绝热板由耐穿刺防火布、阻隔膜和芯材三部分组成。
在本发明技术中，所述耐穿刺防火布由上、下两层纤维布组成，所述纤维布是玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布、凯夫拉纤维布、碳纤维布中的一种。
在本发明技术中，所述凯夫拉纤维布由凯夫拉纤维通过针织或者机织方式编织在下层纤维布表面。
在本发明技术中，所述两层纤维布用液体硅橡胶浸渍，取出后真空去除溶剂，然后硫化交联，得到耐穿刺防火布。
在本发明技术中，所述阻隔膜由结构增强性薄膜、气体阻隔性薄膜和热封性薄膜组成，所述结构增强性薄膜是聚碳酸酯薄膜、双向拉伸聚酯薄膜、双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜中的一种，所述气体阻隔性薄膜是蒸气沉积铝薄膜、铝箔中的一种，所述热封性薄膜是聚乙烯薄膜、聚偏二氯乙烯薄膜中的一种。
在本发明技术中，耐穿刺防火布和阻隔膜通过纤维式喷胶热轧工艺复合。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：该真空绝热板导热系数低，在建筑领域能起到良好的保温节能效果，且耐穿刺性能好，在施工和使用过程中不易破损，可以有效避免真空绝热板的失效，提高真空绝热板的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
（1）芯材制备：利用湿法造纸工艺制备玻璃纤维芯材，将纤维分散在水溶液中，再引入到成型网上，经平整铺设、快速脱水制备出多孔非织造毡；（2）阻隔膜制备：以聚乙烯薄膜为基层，通过沉积法在聚乙烯薄膜上沉积金属铝，形成铝膜，在铝膜的表面涂覆聚氨酯胶粘剂，并复合聚碳酸酯薄膜，形成复合阻隔膜；（3）耐穿刺防火布制备：准备一层玻璃纤维布，通过针织法将凯夫拉纤维编织在玻璃纤维布表面上，形成两层纤维布，用硅橡胶浸渍所得到的两层纤维布，取出后真空去除溶剂，然后硫化交联，得到耐穿刺防火布；（4）布膜复合：通过纤维式喷胶热轧工艺将阻隔膜和耐穿刺防火布复合，调节压力辊的压力为0.78MPa，阻隔膜和耐穿刺防火布的运转线速度为61 m/min；（5）真空绝热板的制备：将芯材、吸气剂放入复合膜内，并进行抽真空封装得到建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板。
实施例2
（1）芯材制备：将气相二氧化硅和少量玻璃纤维、炭黑粉末均匀混合并压制得到气硅芯材；（2）阻隔膜制备：以聚偏二氯乙烯薄膜为基层，通过沉积法在聚乙烯薄膜上沉积金属铝，形成铝膜，在铝膜的表面涂覆聚氨酯胶粘剂，并复合双向拉伸聚酯薄膜，形成复合阻隔膜；（3）耐穿刺防火布制备：准备一层碳纤维布，通过机织法将凯夫拉纤维编织在玻璃纤维布表面上，形成两层纤维布，用硅橡胶浸渍所得到的两层纤维布，取出后真空去除溶剂，然后硫化交联，得到耐穿刺防火布；（4）布膜复合：通过纤维式喷胶热轧工艺将阻隔膜和耐穿刺防火布复合，调节压力辊的压力为0.82MPa，阻隔膜和耐穿刺防火布的运转线速度为58 m/min；（5）真空绝热板的制备：将芯材、遮光剂放入复合膜内，并进行抽真空封装得到建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板。
上述仅为本发明的两个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板，由耐穿刺防火布、阻隔膜和芯材三部分组成，其特征在于所述耐穿刺防火布由上、下两层纤维布组成，纤维布是玻璃纤维布、玄武岩纤维布、碳纤维布中的一种，所述两层纤维布用液体硅橡胶浸渍，取出后真空去除溶剂，然后硫化交联，得到耐穿刺防火布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑用耐穿刺真空绝热板，其特征在于所述阻隔膜由结构增强性薄膜、气体阻隔性薄膜和热封性薄膜组成，所述结构增强性薄膜是聚碳酸酯薄膜、双向拉伸聚酯薄膜、双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜中的一种，所述气体阻隔性薄膜是蒸气沉积铝薄膜、铝箔中的一种，所述热封性薄膜是聚乙烯薄膜、聚偏二氯乙烯薄膜中的一种。
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